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This is a list of Asian Australians who have served as members of Australian federal, state, or territory legislatures. Despite Australia's proximity to Asia, as well as the significant and increasing minority of Australians belonging to an Asian ethnicity,[1][2] the Australian Parliament is considered to be particularly under-representative of its Asian constituents in comparison to other Western multicultural democracies[3][4][5] with members of minority groups making up only about 6 percent of Parliament.[6]
Classification
The term Asian Australian was first coined in the 1950s by European Australians who sought to strengthen diplomatic and trade ties with Asia. However, the term was not originally used to describe or recognise the experiences of people of Asian descent living in Australia. It was not until the late 1980s and 1990s that the term was adopted and used by Asian Australians themselves to discuss issues related to racial vilification and discrimination. Today, the term is widely accepted and used to refer to people of Asian descent who are citizens or residents of Australia, although its usage and meaning may vary within the Asian Australian community.[7]
When people use the term Asians in everyday conversation, they are usually referring to two main groups: East Asians (including Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and Mongolian) and Southeast Asians (including Filipinos, Cambodians, Vietnamese, Laotians, Indonesians, Thais, and Singaporeans). Additionally, South Asians (including Indians, Bangladeshis, Sri Lankans, Nepalese, and Pakistanis) may also be included.[7]
Census definition
Information relating to the racial composition of the population was collected for the first time at the Census of 1911. The following were classified as "Asiatic":[8]
At censuses prior to 1966 the instructions relating to race were insufficient to enable respondents to classify themselves according to the degree of racial mixture. As one report for the 1966 Census of Population and Housing details:[9]
For example, from 1933 to 1961 persons were asked the following question:
"For persons of European race, wherever born, write "European ". For non-Europeans state the race to which they belong, for example, "Aboriginal", "Chinese", "Negro", "Afghan", etc. If the person is half-caste with one parent of European race, write also "H.C.", for example "H.C. Aboriginal", "H. C. Chinese", etc."
At the 1966 Census the instructions were re-designed ... in an endeavour to obtain precise data on racial mixture and also to avoid the opprobrium attaching to the term "half-caste" ...
— 1966 Census (1971), "Population: Single Characteristics. Part 11", p. 7
The Australian Bureau of Statistics and Australian Census no longer collect data on race as a standalone category. Instead, they collect information on distinct ancestries, of which census respondents can select up to two. The ABS has classified certain ancestries into categories for the purposes of aggregating data, including:[10]
- North-East Asian (including Chinese, Koreans, Japanese, etc.);
- South-East Asian (including Vietnamese, Filipinos, Indonesians, etc.); and
- Southern and Central Asian (including Indians, Sri Lankans, Afghans, etc.).
Ancestry is the primary statistical measure of ethnicity or cultural origins in Australia. The different ancestry groups may have distinct histories, cultures, and geographical origins. Therefore, information on Australians with ancestry from Asia can be found in the respective articles for each separate article (e.g., Chinese Australians, Indian Australians, etc.).
It is important to note that Australians of Middle Eastern ancestries are not classified as part of the Asian category under the ABS's Australian Standard Classification of Cultural and Ethnic Groups (ASCCEG).[10] Instead, they are separately classified under North African and Middle Eastern. This includes Australians of Arab, Turkish and Iranian ancestries. However, Armenians, for example, are classified as Central Asian and therefore part of the Asian category.[11]Officeholders
20 Asian Australian people have been members of the Parliament of Australia (the Federal Parliament), including ten each in the Senate and the House of Representatives. The most common represented ethnicity are Chinese Australian (nine) and Indian Australian (three). There are eight incumbent Asian Australian parliamentarians as of 2022.
Federal Parliament
Senate
Senator | Ethnicity | Party | State | Tenure | Notes | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Term start | Term end | ||||||
Tsebin Tchen (1941–2019) |
Chinese[S 1][12][13][14] | Liberal | Victoria | 1 July 1999 | 30 June 2005 | Retired | |
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Penny Wong (born 1968) |
Malaysian Chinese[S 2][15][16][17] | Labor | South Australia | 1 July 2002 | Incumbent | |
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Lisa Singh (born 1972) |
Indian[S 3][18][19][20][21][22] | Labor | Tasmania | 1 July 2011 | 30 June 2019 | Lost reelection |
Dio Wang (born 1981) |
Chinese[23][24] | Palmer United | Western Australia | 1 July 2014 | 2 July 2016 | Lost reelection | |
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Mehreen Faruqi (born 1963) |
Pakistani[S 4][25][26][27] | Greens | New South Wales | 15 August 2018 | Incumbent | |
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Fatima Payman (born 1995) |
Afghan[28] | Labor (to 2024) Independent (from 2024) |
Western Australia | 1 July 2022 | Incumbent | |
Varun Ghosh (born 1985) |
Indian[29] | Labor | Western Australia | 1 February 2024 | Incumbent |
- ^ First Asian-born migrant to be elected to Parliament
- ^ First Asian-born member of Cabinet, First Asian-Australian foreign minister, and the first openly LGBTI person to hold the office
- ^ First woman of South Asian heritage to be elected to Parliament
- ^ First Muslim woman to attain any political office in Australia; first Muslim woman senator to be elected to Parliament
House of Representatives
State and local government
Governors
Governors | Ethnicity | State | Tenure | Notes | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Term start | Term end | |||||
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Hieu Van Le (born 1954) |
Vietnamese[63] | South Australia | 1 September 2014 | 31 August 2021 | First person of Asian heritage to be appointed a state governor in Australia. First person of Vietnamese background to be appointed to a vice-regal position anywhere in the world. |
Australian Capital Territory Legislative Assembly
Member | Ethnicity | Party | Constituency | Tenure | Notes | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Term start | Term end | ||||||
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Elizabeth Lee (born 1979) |
Korean[64] | Liberal | Kurrajong | 15 October 2016 | Incumbent | First Asian-Australian to lead a major political party in Australia.[65] |
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Deepak-Raj Gupta (born 1966) |
Indian[66] | Labor | Yerrabi | 23 July 2019 | 17 October 2020 | First Indian-born person to hold the position of MLA in the Australian Capital Territory. First MLA to be sworn in on the Bhagwat Gita, representing his Hindu faith.[67] |
Parliament of New South Wales
Member | Ethnicity | Party | Constituency | Tenure | Notes | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Term start | Term end | ||||||
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Prue Car | Bengali[68][69] | Labor | Londonderry | 8 June 2021 | Incumbent | |
Anoulack Chanthivong (born 1977) |
Laotian[70] | Labor | Macquarie Fields | 28 March 2015 | Incumbent | First politician of South-East Asian heritage to take a seat in the NSW Parliament[70] | |
Wes Fang (born 1977) |
Singaporean[71][72] | Nationals | 9 August 2017 | Incumbent | First person of Asian heritage to represent the Nationals in NSW[73] | ||
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Mehreen Faruqi (born 1963) |
Pakistani[25][74] | Greens | Heffron | 19 June 2013 | 14 August 2018 | |
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Trevor Khan (born 1957) |
Punjabi[75] | Nationals | 24 March 2007 | 6 January 2022 | ||
Geoff Lee (born 1967) |
Chinese[76] | Liberal | Parramatta | 26 March 2011 | 25 March 2023 | ||
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Jenny Leong (born 1977) |
Chinese[77] | Greens | Newtown | 28 March 2015 | Incumbent | |
Daniel Mookhey (born 1982) |
Punjabi[75] | Labor | Monaro | 6 May 2015 | Incumbent | ||
Helen Sham-Ho (born 1943) |
Hong Konger[78][79] | Liberal / Independent | 19 March 1988 | 28 February 2003 | |||
Gurmesh Singh | Indian[80] | Nationals | Coffs Harbour | 23 March 2019 | Incumbent | ||
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Henry Tsang (born 1942) |
Chinese[81] | Labor | 27 March 1999 | 3 December 2009 | ||
Ernest Wong (born 1960s) |
Hong Konger[82] | Labor | 24 May 2013 | 23 March 2019 | |||
Peter Wong (born 1942) |
Chinese[83] | Liberal / Unity Party | 27 March 1999 | 23 March 2007 |
Parliament of the Northern Territory
Member | Ethnicity | Party | Constituency | Tenure | Notes | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Term start | Term end | ||||||
Jack Ah Kit (1950–2020) |
Chinese[84] | Labor | Arnhem | 7 October 1995 | 16 June 2005 | ||
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Ngaree Ah Kit (born 1981) |
Chinese[85] | Labor | Karama | 27 August 2016 | Incumbent | |
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Harry Chan (1918–1969) |
Chinese[86] | Fannie Bay | December 1962 | 5 August 1969 | ||
Richard Lim (born 1946) |
Malaysian[87] | Country Liberal Party | Greatorex | 1994 | 2007 | ||
Lauren Moss (born 1987) |
Indian | Labor | Casuarina | 18 October 2014 | Incumbent | ||
Sandra Nelson (born 1971) |
East Timorese[88] | Liberal | Katherine | 27 August 2016 | 30 July 2020 |
Parliament of Queensland
Member | Ethnicity | Party | Constituency | Tenure | Notes | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Term start | Term end | ||||||
Michael Choi (born 1959) |
Hong Konger[89][90] | Labor | Capalaba | 17 February 2001 | 23 March 2012 | ||
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Anne Warner (born 1945) |
Indian[91] | Labor | Kurilpa | 22 October 1983 | 1 November 1986 |
Parliament of South Australia
Member | Ethnicity | Party | Constituency | Tenure | Notes | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Term Start | Term End | ||||||
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Jing Lee (born 1967) |
Malaysian | Liberal | State-wide | 20 March 2010 | Incumbent | |
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Rob Lucas (born 1953) |
Japanese | Liberal | State-wide | 6 November 1982 | 19 March 2022 | |
Tung Ngo (born 1972) |
Vietnamese | Labor | State-wide | 15 March 2014 | Incumbent | ||
Bernice Pfitzner (born 1938) |
Singaporean | Liberal | State-wide | 23 October 1990 | 10 October 1997 |
Parliament of Tasmania
Member | Ethnicity | Party | Constituency | Tenure | Notes | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Term Start | Term End | ||||||
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Lisa Singh (born 1972) |
Indian | Labor | Denison | 18 March 2006 | 13 April 2010 |
Parliament of Victoria
Parliament of Western Australia
Member | Ethnicity | Party | Constituency | Tenure | Notes | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Term Start | Term End | ||||||
Helen Bullock (born 1965) |
Chinese | Labor | Mining and Pastoral Region | 22 May 2009 | 21 May 2013 | ||
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Jags Krishnan (born 1972) |
Indian | Labor | Riverton | 13 March 2021 | Incumbent | |
Kevin Michel (born 1961) |
Indian | Labor | Pilbara | 11 March 2017 | Incumbent | ||
Yaz Mubarakai (born 1975) |
Indian | Labor | Jandakot | 11 March 2017 | Incumbent | ||
Batong Pham (born 1967) |
Vietnamese | Labor | November 2007 | May 2009 | |||
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Pierre Yang (born 1983) |
Chinese | Labor | South Metropolitan Region | 22 May 2021 | Incumbent |
Councilors and Mayors
Member | Ethnicity | Position | Tenure | Notes | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Term Start | Term End | |||||
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John So (born 1946) |
Hong Konger | Lord Mayor of Melbourne | July 2001 | November 2008 | First Lord Mayor of Melbourne of Chinese descent. |
Katrina Fong Lim (born 1961) |
Chinese[92] | Lord Mayor of Darwin | 3 April 2012 | 4 September 2017 | ||
Anthony Tran (born 1999) |
Vietnamese[93][94][95] | Maribyrnong City Council | 9 November 2021 | |||
Kun Huang (born ?) |
Chinese[96][97] | Cumberland City Council | ||||
Sabrin Farooqui (born ?) |
Bangladeshi[98][99][100][101] | Cumberland City Council | ||||
Jasmine Nguyen (born ?) |
Vietnamese[95][102][103][104] | Brimbank City Council |
See also
Asian Australians
Asian Americans
- Asian Americans in politics
- List of Asian Americans in politics
- List of Asian Americans and Pacific Islands Americans in the United States Congress
Other
- List of ethnic minority politicians in the United Kingdom
- List of foreign politicians of Indian origin
- List of politicians of Chinese descent
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