Ambassador of Mexico to Peru | |
---|---|
![]() | |
Incumbent since December 2022Vacant | |
Seat | Lima |
Nominator | President of Mexico |
Inaugural holder | José Morales[1] |
Formation | 1823 |
Salary | US$8,607.61 per month[2] |
Website | Official site |
![](Https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/CANCILLER_RECIBE_LA_COPIA_CARTAS_CREDENCIALES_DEL_NUEVO_EMBAJADOR_DE_M%C3%89XICO_EN_EL_PER%C3%9A_%285578322330%29.jpg/220px-CANCILLER_RECIBE_LA_COPIA_CARTAS_CREDENCIALES_DEL_NUEVO_EMBAJADOR_DE_M%C3%89XICO_EN_EL_PER%C3%9A_%285578322330%29.jpg)
The ambassador of Mexico to Peru is the highest ranking diplomatic representative of the United Mexican States to the Republic of Peru. The ambassador services the Mexican embassy, located at the district of San Isidro, in Lima.
Historically, both nations were host to great indigenous cultures; the Aztecs and Mayas in Mexico and the Incas in Peru.[3] During colonization, both nations were part of the Spanish Empire until the early 19th century. Mexico was part of Viceroyalty of New Spain while Peru was part of the Viceroyalty of Peru.
Diplomatic relations between Mexico and Peru were established on March 3, 1823 (but informally date back to October 6, 1821).[4] On the same date, the first Peruvian ambassador to Mexico presented his credentials to Emperor Agustín de Itúrbide.[5] This was two years after Peru gained its independence from Spain.[6] In October 1892, Mexico opened its first consulate in Lima followed by the opening of an embassy on 14 June 1937.[7] Peru inaugurated an embassy on January 17, 1966.[8]
Relations between both countries have been continuous and amicable, with one exception in 1932, when a letter written by Víctor Raúl Haya de la Torre (at the time exiled in Mexico) was published in the Peruvian press, having been delivered to Lima via a Mexican diplomatic pouch. The event caused Peru to freeze its relations with Mexico, only reestablishing them on May 23 of the following year with the mediation of Spain.[5][9] Despite the souring of relations due to Mexico's role in the 2022 political crisis in Peru, neither Mexico nor Peru have severed relations despite the latter's declaration of Mexican ambassador to Peru, Pablo Monroy Conesa, as a persona non grata as well as the declaration of an ultimatum for him to leave the country.[10][11]
List of representatives
Name | Title | Appointed | Presentation of credentials | Term end | President | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
José Morales | MPEE | 1823 | ? | ? | Supreme Executive Power | [1] |
Juan de Dios Cañedo | EEMP | June 3, 1831 | May 21, 1832 | January 12, 1839 | Anastasio Bustamante | Cañedo was named as representative to Peru, Chile, Argentina, Paraguay and Brazil. The affairs of Mexico were turned over to their consulates in Guayaquil, Callao and Valparaíso.[4][12] |
Manuel Crecencio García Rejón y Alcalá | EEMP | January 8, 1842 | March 18, 1843 | June 9, 1843 | Antonio López de Santa Anna | The designation encompassed all the republics south of Mexico. José María Bocanegra, Minister of Foreign Relations, communicated to Havana, Cuba, the disposition of the president of the republic—Antonio López de Santa Anna—for him to return to Mexico in view of the advance of his mission in the South American countries, although at that time he had not finished it. He reported that in accordance with the instructions of President Antonio López de Santa Anna, he had terminated his mission.[4][12] |
1843–1853: Relations limited to the exchange of communications. From 1853 to 1877, the period in which Porfirio Díaz decreed the establishment of a legation in the southern republics, there was no diplomatic representation in Peru except for the vice-consulates in Lima and Callao.[4]
| ||||||
Leonardo López Portillo | EEMP | April 2, 1878 | ? | October 31, 1879 | Porfirio Díaz | Appointed for the legation in the southern republics (Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia and Chile).[4][12] |
1879: The withdrawal of the legation to the republics of South America is ordered due to the war between Peru, Bolivia and Chile. On October 8, 1892, the Secretary of Relations of Mexico informed its counterpart in Peru that President Porfirio Díaz agreed to establish a consulate of the republic in Lima, naming Mr. Pedro A. Helguero for that position, who would be promoted to consul general in Peru on May 20, 1897.[4]
| ||||||
José María Gamboa | EEMP | June 3, 1901 | January 13, 1903 | September 15, 1903 | Porfirio Díaz | Appointed before the western republics of South America.[4][12] |
Miguel Covarrubias | EEMP | December 29, 1903 | March 10, 1904 | May 15, 1907 | Porfirio Díaz | Appointed before the South American republics of the Pacific (Chile, Peru, Colombia and Ecuador), with headquarters in Chile. He reported having received his credentials, but on May 1, 1907, faced with the need to pass through Peru on his trip to Mexico, he was told not to present them.[4][12] |
Miguel de Béistegui y Septién | EEMP | May 16, 1907 | November 13, 1909 | April 5, 1911 | Porfirio Díaz | His appointment was for the South American republics on the Pacific side (Chile, Peru, Colombia and Ecuador).[4][12] |
Luis G. Pardo | EEMP | May 22, 1911 | August 26, 1911 | October 25, 1912 | Porfirio Díaz | Named in Chile and other South American republics on the Pacific side (Peru, Colombia and Ecuador). Accredited before the Chilean government.[4][12] |
Adolfo Mújica y Sáyago | EEMP | October 4, 1912 | August 18, 1913 | March 24, 1915 | Francisco I. Madero | Designated in Chile and other South American republics on the Pacific side. On instructions from the SFA, he mailed his credentials to Peru. The SFA removed him from his position. However, he continued in office by ignoring his personality to remove him from Jesús Urueta, Undersecretary for Relations and Office Manager. On November 6, 1915, the Foreign Ministry denied it any official character and confirmed Eduardo F. Hay as its diplomatic representative before the Peruvian government.[4][12] |
Eduardo F. Hay | AC | December 29, 1914 | ? | December 29, 1915 | Eulalio Gutiérrez | [4] |
Manuel Méndez Palacios | MR | July 20, 1916 | April 17, 1917 | October 1, 1917 | Disputed | His designation included Bolivia and Peru.[4][12] |
Juan Manuel Alcaraz Tornel | ENAI | May 8, 1917 | ? | April 12, 1919 | Venustiano Carranza | [4] |
Alfonso M. Siller | MR | December 17, 1918 | April 14, 1919 | November 25, 1919 | Venustiano Carranza | Named to the governments of Peru and Bolivia.[4][12] |
José G. Moreno de la Torre | ENAI | August 9, 1919 | ? | April 15, 1920 | Venustiano Carranza | [4][12] |
Alfonso M. Siller | EEMP | March 17, 1920 | April 17, 1920 | June 12, 1920 | Venustiano Carranza | Named in Peru and Bolivia.[4][12] |
José G. Moreno de la Torre | ENAI | June 12, 1920 | ? | June 16, 1921 | Adolfo de la Huerta | [4][12] |
Manuel Méndez Palacios | MR | April 14, 1921 | July 2, 1921 | May 30, 1922 | Álvaro Obregón | On August 11, 1922, the Presidency of the Republic agreed to terminate the commission of Palacios as of May 30 of that same year.[4][12] |
Crisóforo Justiniano Canseco Álvarez | ENAI | April 5, 1922 | ? | January 8, 1923 | Álvaro Obregón | [4][12] |
Leopoldo Ortiz Liebich | ENAI | January 9, 1923 | ? | August 1, 1923 | Álvaro Obregón | [4][12] |
Leopoldo Ortiz Liebich | EEMP | August 1, 1923 | October 4, 1923 | August 17, 1926 | Álvaro Obregón | On January 1, 1924, he was appointed to the same position before the government of Ecuador, but the headquarters were in Lima.[4][12] |
Flavio A. Bórquez | EEMP | August 5, 1926 | September 25, 1926 | October 16, 1928 | Plutarco Elías Calles | Died in Lima.[4][12] |
Joaquín Mesa | ENAI | June 8, 1928 | ? | February 28, 1929 | Emilio Portes Gil | Died in Lima.[4] |
Juan G. Cabral | EEMP | December 16, 1928 | March 8, 1929 | September 22, 1932 | Emilio Portes Gil | On May 12, 1932, the Mexican legation had to move to Panama when accused by the Peruvian government of intervention in internal political affairs. The clerk Gilberto Owen was appointed in charge of the Mexican consulate, but the legation's archives were —first— in charge of the Chilean representative in Peru, Manuel Rivas, and later in the hands of the Spanish representative in Lima, Antonio Jean. Diplomatic relations were resumed on May 21, 1933 (Declaration of Madrid).[4][12] |
Juan Manuel Álvarez del Castillo | EEMP | June 16, 1933 | July 24, 1933 | December 3, 1935 | Abelardo L. Rodríguez | [4][12] |
Moisés Sáenz Garza | EEMP | January 1, 1936 | May 14, 1936 | March 22, 1937 | Lázaro Cárdenas | Bernardo Reyes Morales was accredited as ENAI.[4][12] |
Moisés Sáenz Garza | EEP | June 16, 1937 | July 13, 1937 | January 31, 1938 | Lázaro Cárdenas | On June 14, 1937, the Mexican legation was elevated to the rank of embassy. In 1938, Sáenz is informed of the conclusion of his work in Peru and Antonio H. Aguirre remains as EAL.[4][12] |
Moisés Sáenz Garza | EEP | October 1, 1938 | November 7, 1938 | October 24, 1941 | Lázaro Cárdenas | The first is the date on which the SFA gave him instructions to resume his functions as ambassador to the government of Peru. The second is the date where he arrives in Lima and Carlos Augusto Baumbach Griethe, ENAI, hands the legation over to him. The third is his death date in Quito, Ecuador.[4][12] |
Carlos Esteban Peón del Valle y Varona | ENAI | November 26, 1941 | ? | July 29, 1942 | Manuel Ávila Camacho | [4] |
Adalberto Tejeda Olivares | EEP | December 1, 1941 | July 11, 1942 | October 1, 1948 | Manuel Ávila Camacho | [4][12] |
José María Ortiz Tirado | EEP | October 1, 1948 | December 17, 1948 | March 25, 1952 | Miguel Alemán Valdés | [4][12] |
Leobardo C. Ruiz Camarillo | EEP | April 1, 1952 | May 27, 1952 | November 30, 1952 | Miguel Alemán Valdés | [4][12] |
Joaquín Barrera Aceves | ENAI | November 21, 1952 | ? | February 25, 1954 | Adolfo Ruiz Cortines | [4][12] |
Carlos Darío Ojeda Rovira | EEP | March 14, 1954 | April 1, 1954 | October 28, 1957 | Adolfo Ruiz Cortines | [4][12] |
Salvador Martínez de Alva | EEP | October 25, 1957 | March 14, 1958 | March 10, 1960 | Adolfo Ruiz Cortines | [4][12] |
Fidencio Soria Barajas | ENAI | July 10, 1960 | ? | January 6, 1961 | Adolfo López Mateos | [4][12] |
José Luis Martínez Rodríguez | EEP | January 1, 1961 | January 10, 1961 | January 12, 1963 | Adolfo López Mateos | His mission in Peru ends after being appointed permanent representative of Mexico to UNESCO, although his letters of withdrawal were extended on February 3, 1964.[4][13][12] |
Carlos Villamil Cícero | ENAI | February 12, 1963 | ? | March 23, 1964 | Adolfo López Mateos | [4][12] |
Daniel Escalante Ortega | EEP | February 3, 1964 | March 31, 1964 | December 15, 1968 | Adolfo López Mateos | [4][12] |
Luis Gerardo Zorrilla Ochoa | EEP | November 16, 1968 | February 5, 1969 | February 1, 1974 | Gustavo Díaz Ordaz | [4][12] |
Julio R. Zamora Bátiz | EEP | February 18, 1974 | March 13, 1974 | March 31, 1976 | Luis Echeverría | [4][12] |
Santiago H. Suárez Gil | ENAI | April 22, 1976 | ? | January 31, 1977 | Luis Echeverría | [4][12] |
José Francisco Villarreal Reyna | EEP | January 4, 1977 | February 16, 1977 | April 30, 1979 | José López Portillo | [4][12] |
Donaciano González Gómez | EEP | February 21, 1979 | March 28, 1979 | December 16, 1980 | José López Portillo | [4][12] |
Ismael Moreno Pino | EEP | February 3, 1981 | March 17, 1981 | May 16, 1986 | José López Portillo | [4][12] |
Jesús Puente Leyva | EEP | February 20, 1986 | July 1, 1986 | November 11, 1989 | Miguel de la Madrid | [4][12] |
Edgardo Flores Rivas | EEP | September 18, 1989 | November 16, 1989* | November 19, 1993 | Carlos Salinas de Gortari | [4][12] |
Manuel Martínez del Sobral y Penichet | EEP | October 7, 1993 | December 2, 1993 | April 15, 1995 | Carlos Salinas de Gortari | [4][12] |
Federico Alfonso Urruchúa Durand | EEP | March 24, 1995 | June 20, 1995 | December 21, 1998 | Ernesto Zedillo | [4][12] |
José Ignacio Piña Rojas | EEP | April 22, 1999 | June 21, 1999 | September 21, 2001 | Ernesto Zedillo | [4][12] |
Ricardo Villanueva Hallal | EEP | June 11, 2001 | September 28, 2001 | October 13, 2004 | Vicente Fox | [4][12] |
Antonio Guillermo Villegas Villalobos | EEP | October 28, 2004 | April 28, 2005 | October 2009 | Vicente Fox | [4][12][1] |
Jorge Cícero Fernández | ENAI | November 2009 | ? | March 2011 | Felipe Calderón | [4][12] |
Manuel Rodríguez Arriaga | EEP | March 31, 2011* | April 15, 2011 | 2014[12] | Felipe Calderón | [4] |
Ernesto Campos Tenorio | EEP | 2014[12] | Enrique Peña Nieto | [14][15] | ||
Víctor Hugo Morales Meléndez | EEP | June 21, 2019[16] | 2022 | Andrés Manuel López Obrador | ||
Pablo Monroy Conesa | EEP | May 31, 2022[17] | December 2022 | Andrés Manuel López Obrador | Ambassador[18] Monroy was declared a persona non grata in December 2022 and given an ultimatum to leave the country.[19] |
See also
References
- ^ a b c "Dictámenes a Discusión". Gaceta del Senado. Senado de la República. 2004-12-14.
- ^ "NORMA QUE REGULA EL PAGO DE SUELDOS Y PRESTACIONES AL PERSONAL DE CARRERA DEL SERVICIO EXTERIOR MEXICANO Y AL ASIMILADO A ESTE, RADICADO EN EL EXTRANJERO" (PDF). Government of Mexico. p. 39.
- ^ "Relaciones Bilaterales de Perú y México". Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores. Archived from the original on 2016-10-10.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc "PERÚ". Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores. Archived from the original on 2013-01-17.
- ^ a b "Información institucional". Gob.pe.
- ^ History of diplomatic relations between Mexico and Peru (in Spanish)
- ^ Bilateral relations between Mexico and Peru (in Spanish) Archived 2014-01-18 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Revista de la Universidad de México (in Spanish). Universidad Nacional de México. 1966. pp. U-33.
- ^ ASPIRACIONES ANTIIMPERIALISTAS E INTERESES NACIONALES: LAS RELACIONES EXTERIORES ENTRE MÉXICO Y PERÚ (1930-1945) (in Spanish)
- ^ Menéndez, Carmen (2022-12-21). "Crisis diplomática entre Perú y México: Lima expulsa al embajador mexicano". Euronews.
- ^ "México descarta romper relaciones diplomáticas con Perú". France 24 (AFP). 2022-12-21.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw "Relaciones Diplomáticas entre el Perú y México / Representantes de México en el Perú" (PDF). Gob.pe. pp. 2–3.
- ^ "Centenario del natalicio de José Luis Martínez: 1918-2018". Secretaría de Cultura.
- ^ "Lista del Cuerpo Diplomático, Organismos Internacionales y Cuerpo Consular" (PDF). Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores. 2015-03-01.
- ^ Directorio de Cooperación Técnica Internacional 2018-2019 (PDF) (in Spanish). Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática. 2018.
- ^ "El Embajador Víctor Hugo Morales Meléndez fue recibido por el Presidente de la República del Perú, Sr. Martín Vizcarra Cornejo, a efecto de entregarle las Cartas Credenciales que lo acreditan como Embajador Extraordinario y Plenipotenciario de México ante el Gobierno de la República del Perú, cargo con el que tuvo a bien distinguirlo el Señor Presidente de la República, Andrés Manuel López Obrador". Facebook. Embajada de México en el Perú. 2019-06-21.
- ^ "Jefe de Estado recibe cartas credenciales de los embajadores de El Salvador, Reino Unido y México". El Peruano. 2022-05-31.
- ^ "Pablo Monroy Conesa - Embajador de México en el Perú". Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores.
- ^ Camhaji, Elías (2022-12-23). "El embajador Pablo Monroy regresa a México tras su expulsión de Perú". El País.