Order of Carol I Ordinul Carol I | |
---|---|
![]() Badge and sash of the order | |
Awarded by the King of Romania | |
Type | Dynastic Order |
Royal house | House of Romania |
Religious affiliation | Romanian Orthodox |
Ribbon | Pale blue with gold edges bearing a narrow red stripe |
Motto | PRIN STATORNICIE LA IZBÂNDĂ ("To Victory Through Steadiness") |
Awarded for | Conspicuous and special merit |
Status | Currently constituted |
Grades | Grand Cross with Collar Grand Cross Grand Officer Commander |
Precedence | |
Next (higher) | Order of Michael the Brave |
Next (lower) | Order of the star of Romania (formerly) Order of the Crown |
![]() Ribbon of the order |
The Order of Carol I (Romanian: Ordinul Carol I) was the highest ranking of the Romanian honours of the Kingdom of Romania until the founding of the Order of Michael the Brave in 1916 by King Ferdinand I of Romania. It was instituted on 10 May 1906[1] by King Carol I to celebrate the Ruby Jubilee of 40 years of his reign.
During its time as a national order, it was widely used to reward members of the Romanian royal family, Romanian Prime Ministers, Romanian politicians, foreign monarchs and heads of state, selected consorts and heirs, and other people thought to be worthy of receiving the order by the King of Romania.
It is currently a dynastic order of the former Romanian royal family. It is the highest-ranking award among all the decorations of the Romanian Royal House and is administered by its head. There are currently no foreign knights or dames of the order, except for members of the Romanian royal family.
Classes
The order has only the superior classes, each of them with limited numbers:[2]
- Grand Cross with Collar (limited to 10)
- Grand Cross (limited to 20)
- Grand Officer (limited to 30)
- Commander (limited to 40)
Holders of the order, regardless of degree, call themselves Knight of the Order of Carol I.
Insignia
Collar
The Collar is in gold and consists of 8 links of the emblems of the Danubian Principalities of the Principality of Wallachia, Principality of Moldavia, Principality of Oltenia and Principality of Dobruja, 4 emblems on either side of the collar with 2 of the emblems of the House of Hohenzollern between each two Principalities; between each emblem is the monogram of King Carol I. At the back of the collar is the lock which is an eagle with open wings which suspends in half to wear. At the front of the collar is the Steel Crown of Romania from which the badge of the order hangs.
Badge
- The Badge is the Romanian Eagle on top of a square Gold sunray on top of a Red Maltese cross. The Eagle wears the Crown of Romania, holds the Orthodox cross in its beak, holds the Sword of King Carol I in its left claw, holds the Royal Mantle in its right claw and supports the ribbon inscribed "PRIN STATORNICIE LA IZBÂNDĂ" by both its claws whilst on its chest is a small Gold effigy of King Carol I.[3]
On the obverse is the Red Maltese cross on top of the Gold sunray, in the middle of the Maltese Cross is a small Gold monogram of King Carol I.
- The Badge is featured on: The Collar, The Sash, The Medal and The Necklet.
Stars
There are two types of stars of the order: 1st which is for the Grand Cross with Collar/Grand Cross and the 2nd which is for the Grand Officer; both are to worn on the left stomach.
- The 1st Star is in Gold which is 8-pointed, set in sunray's and is similar in shape of the Swedish Royal Order of the Seraphim; the Eagle which is on the Badge is on top of the star and set in Silver.
- The 2nd Star is also in Gold and also in sunray's, it is set in a Rhombus shape and is similar in shape of the Dutch Order of the Crown; the Eagle which is on the Badge is on top of the star and set in Gold.
Sash
The Sash is pale Blue with Gold edges bearing a narrow Red stripe; at the bottom of the sash is a bow which joins both sides together and where the badge hangs from; It is worn from the right shoulder.[4]
Recipients
- King Carol I of Romania[5]
- Queen Elisabeth of Romania[6]
- King Ferdinand I of Romania
- Queen Marie of Romania[7]
- Prince Carol of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen - revoked[citation needed]
- Prince Nicholas of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen[8] - revoked[citation needed]
- King Michael I of Romania[9]
- Queen Anne of Romania[9]
- Margareta, Custodian of the Crown of Romania[9]
Romania
- Alexandru Averescu, 24th, 27th and 31st Prime Minister of Romania[10]
- Ion C. Brătianu[10]
- Petre P. Carp[10]
- Gheorghe Grigore Cantacuzino, 20th & 23rd Prime Minister of Romania[citation needed]
- Nicolae Iorga, 34th Prime Minister of Romania[10]
- Titu Maiorescu[10]
- Gheorghe Manu, 17th Prime Minister of Romania[citation needed]
- Patriarch Miron of Romania, 38th Prime Minister of Romania and 7th Patriarch of All Romania[citation needed]
- Mihail Pherekyde[10]
- Constantin Prezan, 28th and 25th Chief of the Romanian General Staff[10]
- Dimitrie Sturdza[10]
- Gheorghe Tătărescu, 36th and 42nd Prime Minister of Romania[10]
- Nicolae Titulescu[10]
- Alexandru Vaida-Voevod, 28th, 35th and 37th Prime Minister of Romania[10]
Foreign
Albanian Royal Family: Former King Zog I of Albania[citation needed]
: Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria[10]
: Franz Joseph I of Austria[10]
: Frederick I, Grand Duke of Baden[10]
: Frederick II, Grand Duke of Baden[11]
Kingdom of Bavaria: Ludwig III of Bavaria[12]
Kingdom of Belgium: Albert I of Belgium[10]
Kingdom of Belgium: Leopold II of Belgium[10]
Kingdom of Bulgaria: King Boris III of the Bulgarians[13]
Kingdom of Bulgaria: Ferdinand I of Bulgaria[10]
Czechoslovakia: Edvard Beneš, 2nd President of Czechoslovakia[citation needed]
Czechoslovakia: Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, 1st President of Czechoslovakia[citation needed]
Kingdom of Denmark: Christian X of Denmark[10]
France: Armand Fallières[10]
France: Albert François Lebrun, 15th President of France[citation needed]
France: Raymond Poincaré[10]
German Imperial and Royal Family: Former Emperor Wilhelm II of Germany[citation needed]
German Imperial and Royal Family: Wilhelm, German Crown Prince[14][15]
Kingdom of Greece: King Constantine I of Greece[citation needed]
Kingdom of Greece: George I of Greece[10]
Kingdom of Greece: King George II of Greece[citation needed]
Kingdom of Greece: King Paul I of Greece[citation needed]
- William, Prince of Hohenzollern[16]
Kingdom of Italy: Victor Emmanuel III of Italy[10]
Kingdom of Italy: Prince Aimone, Duke of Aosta[17]
Duke John Albert of Mecklenburg[18]
Nicholas I of Montenegro[19]
Netherlands: Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands[citation needed]
Norway: King Haakon VII of Norway[20]
Ottoman Imperial Family: Former Emperor Abdul Hamid II of the Ottoman Empire, 33rd Ottoman Caliph[21]
Ottoman Imperial Family: Şehzade Yusuf Izzeddin
Poland: Ignacy Mościcki[10]
Poland: Józef Piłsudski, Chief of State of Poland[10]
Portugal: Carlos I of Portugal[10]
Russian Imperial Family: Former Emperor Nicholas II of Russia[citation needed]
Kingdom of Spain: Alfonso XIII of Spain[10]
Sweden: Gustaf V[22]
Sweden: Gustaf VI Adolf[23]
United Kingdom: Colin Robert Ballard, Brigadier of the British Army[24]
United Kingdom: Edward VII[10]
United Kingdom: George V[25]
United Kingdom: Edward VIII[26]
United Kingdom: George VI[10]
Kingdom of Yugoslavia: King Alexander I of Yugoslavia[citation needed]
Kingdom of Yugoslavia: Peter II of Yugoslavia[10]
Grand Cross
Romania
- Constantin Angelescu[10]
- Petre S. Aurelian[10]
- Constantin Coandă[10]
- Constantin Dissescu[10]
- Nicolae Haralambie[10]
- Take Ionescu[10]
- Ioan Kalinderu[10]
- Iuliu Maniu[10]
- Gheorghe Mironescu[10]
- Theodor Rosetti, 16th Prime Minister of Romania[27]
- Anghel Saligny[10]
- Fyodor Tolbukhin[10]
- Artur Văitoianu[10]
Foreign
Belgium: Queen Elisabeth, Queen Grandmother of Belgium[citation needed]
Belgium: Former King Leopold III of Belgium[citation needed]
- Germany
Kingdom of Greece: Queen Sophia, Queen Mother of Greece[citation needed]
Greek Royal Family: Queen Frederica, Queen Mother of Greece[citation needed]
- Friedrich Wilhelm Prinz von Hohenzollern[30]
Italian Royal Family: Former King Umberto II of Italy[31]
Empire of Japan: Prince Kuni Kuniyoshi[32]
Kingdom of Portugal: Manuel II of Portugal[33]
Russian Imperial Family: Empress Alexandra Feodorovna, The Former Empress Consort of Russia[citation needed]
Sweden: Prince Wilhelm, Duke of Södermanland[34]
United Kingdom: Prince Arthur of Connaught[35]
Kingdom of Yugoslavia: Prince Arsen of Yugoslavia[citation needed]
Kingdom of Yugoslavia: Nikola Pašić, Prime Minister of Serbia and Yugoslavia[36]
Grand Officer
- Princess Elisabeth of Romania[citation needed]
- Queen Maria, Queen Mother of Yugoslavia[citation needed]
- Princess Ileana of Romania[citation needed]
- Princess Elena of Romania[9][37]
Romania
- Constantin C. Arion, 50th Minister of Foreign Affairs of Romania[citation needed]
- Emil Costinescu[10]
- Nicolae Gane[10]
- Spiru Haret[10]
- Gheorghe I. Lahovary[10]
- Iacob Lahovary[10]
- Ioan Lahovary[10]
- Alexandru Marghiloman[10]
- Constantin Olănescu[10]
- Petru Poni[10]
- General Nicolae Samsonovici, 20th Chief of the Romanian General Staff[citation needed]
Commander
Romania
- Alecu Beldiman[10]
- Constantin Cantacuzino-Pașcanu[10]
- Alexandru C. Constantinescu[10]
- Nicolae Filipescu[10]
- Grigore I Ghica[10]
- Dimitrie I. Ghika[10]
- Constantin Hârjeu[10]
- Vasile Morțun[10]
- Mihail Orleanu[10]
- Ermil Pangrati[10]
- Alexandru Plagino[10]
- Grigore Tocilescu[10]
- Scarlat Vârnav[10]
See also
References
- ^ "ODM of Romania: Order of Carol I". medals.org.uk. Retrieved 6 September 2015.
- ^ "Cancelaria Ordinelor". canord.presidency.ro. Retrieved 6 September 2015.
- ^ "Image: Order_of_Carol_I.jpg". commons.m.wikimedia.org. Retrieved 6 September 2015.
- ^ "Image: Order-of-Carol-I-2.jpg, (402 × 455 px)". paulfrasercollectibles.com. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 6 September 2015.
- ^ "Carol, the first King of Romania". robinsonlibrary.com. Archived from the original on 14 October 2011. Retrieved 6 September 2015.
{{cite web}}
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- ^ "Regina Maria catre printul Carol si capetele incoronate au slabiciuni | Romania Libera". romanialibera.ro. Retrieved 6 September 2015.
- ^ "National Portrait Gallery - Large Image - NPG x121560; Prince Nicholas of Romania". npg.org.uk. Retrieved 6 September 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f , Current Recipients of the order
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk "Order of Carol I". familiaregala.ro. Archived from the original on 6 May 2021. Retrieved 25 January 2023.
- ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Baden (1910), "Großherzogliches Haus", pp. 1-2
- ^ "Ordinul Carol I" [Order of Carol I]. Familia Regală a României (in Romanian). Bucharest. Retrieved 17 October 2019.
- ^ "Demnitari în cortegiul funerar | Fototeca Ortodoxiei Românești". fototecaortodoxiei.ro. Archived from the original on 10 September 2015. Retrieved 6 September 2015.
- ^ Justus Perthes, Almanach de Gotha (1913) pp. 68–69
- ^ "Friedrich Wilhelm Viktor August Ernst, Kronprinz des Deutschen Reiches und von Preußen K.u.K.H." the Prussian Machine. Archived from the original on 17 June 2018. Retrieved 10 August 2020.
- ^ Handbuch über den Königlich Preussischen Hof und Staat, 1908, p. 5
- ^ vivailre.it, Aimone wearing the Greek Italian and Romanian orders Archived 2016-08-14 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Grossherzoglich Mecklenburg-Schwerinscher Staatskalendar, 1908, p. 3
- ^ Acović, Dragomir (2012). Slava i čast: Odlikovanja među Srbima, Srbi među odlikovanjima. Belgrade: Službeni Glasnik. pp. 342–349.
- ^ "The Royal House of Norway - The Decorations of King Haakon". royalcourt.no. Retrieved 6 September 2015.
- ^ "Antique Photos - Antique Photos". antique-photos.com. Retrieved 6 September 2015.
- ^ Sveriges statskalender (in Swedish), vol. 2, 1950, p. 5, retrieved 6 January 2018 – via runeberg.org
- ^ Sveriges statskalender för året 1947 (in Swedish). Uppsala: Fritzes offentliga publikationer. 1947. p. 5.
- ^ "Passenger List, White Star Line, Republic, 14 August 1907". ggarchives.com. Retrieved 6 September 2015.
- ^ "Ordinul Carol I" [Order of Carol I], Familia Regală a României (in Romanian), Bucharest, archived from the original on 6 May 2021, retrieved 23 September 2022
- ^ Montgomery-Massingberd, Hugh, ed. (1977), Burke's Royal Families of the World (1st ed.), London: Burke's Peerage, pp. 311–312, ISBN 978-0-85011-023-4
- ^ "Banca Naţională a României - Theodor Rosetti". bnr.ro. Retrieved 6 September 2015.
- ^ "Wilhelm Eitel-Friedrich Christian Karl Prinz von Preußen, K.H." the Prussian Machine. Retrieved 17 March 2021.
- ^ "Duke Georg Alexander | House of Mecklenburg-Strelitz". mecklenburg-strelitz.org. Retrieved 6 September 2015.
- ^ Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels (1953). P 71-72
- ^ "Umberto II : Who, What, Where, When". servinghistory.com. Retrieved 6 September 2015.
- ^ 刑部芳則 (2017). 明治時代の勲章外交儀礼 (PDF) (in Japanese). 明治聖徳記念学会紀要. pp. 160–161.
- ^ Bragança, Jose Vicente de (2016). "King Dom Manuel II in the Great War and his Honours". Pro Phalaris. 14: 6–9, 16. Retrieved 19 March 2020.
- ^ Sveriges statskalender (in Swedish), 1955, p. 6, retrieved 6 January 2018 – via runeberg.org
- ^ "The Royal Lineage." Burke's Peerage. London: Burke's Peerage Ltd, 1949, p. cclxxviii.
- ^ Acović, Dragomir (2012). Slava i čast: Odlikovanja među Srbima, Srbi među odlikovanjima. Belgrade: Službeni Glasnik. p. 153.
- ^ "A patra zi a Jubileului 90 | Familia Regală a României / Royal Family of Romania". romaniaregala.ro. Retrieved 6 September 2015.
Further reading
- Ruokonen, Antti (15 June 2020). "The Order of Charles I". Tallinn Museum of Orders of Knighthood.