A large number of date cultivars and varieties emerged through history of its cultivation, but the exact number is difficult to assess. Hussain and El-Zeid[1] (1975) have reported 400 varieties, while Nixon[2] (1954) named around 250. Most of those are limited to a particular region, and only a few dozen have attained broader commercial importance. The most renowned cultivars worldwide include Deglet Noor, originally of Algeria; Zahidi and Hallawi of Iraq; Medjool of Morocco; Mazafati of Iran.[3]
Most of the information in the following list is from Date Palm Genetic Resources and Utilization by Al-Khayri et al. (2015).[4][5]
List
Name | Country | Native name | Notes | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|
Abdel Rahman | Yemen | |||
Abel | Libya | |||
Abid Raḥim, Abidraḥim | Sudan | Arabic: عبد رحيم | In Nigeria, it is called Dabino. | |
Abyadh (Bathri, seeded) | Yemen | |||
Ademou | Morocco | |||
Aghous (Aguis) | Niger | |||
Aglany | Egypt | |||
Aguelid | Morocco | |||
Ahardane | Morocco | |||
Ahmar Danca | Mauritania | |||
Ahmar Dli | Mauritania | |||
Aïssa-Iyoub | Morocco | |||
Ajwa | Saudi Arabia | Arabic: العجوة | ![]() | |
Akanirom | Niger | |||
Al Sahagi | Yemen | |||
Al-Falha | Mauritania | |||
Alfat Al-Bahoua | Mauritania | |||
Alfat Foum Agadir | Mauritania | |||
Al-Hanaouia | Mauritania | |||
Alig | Tunisia | Arabic: العليقي | ||
Almadeyna | Niger | |||
Almehtari | Iran | |||
Amari, Ameri | Bahrain; Israel | Arabic: عماري | ||
Amchekhssi | Mauritania | |||
Amhat | Egypt | |||
Amir Hajj or Amer Hajj | Iraq | Soft with a thin skin and thick flesh, sometimes called "the visitor's date" because it is a delicacy served to guests. | ||
Ammari, Ammary, Amry | Tunisia; Egypt | Arabic: عماري | ||
Anagow | Chad | Arabic: أنقو | ||
Anbara, Anbarah | Saudi Arabia; Kuwait | Arabic: عنبرة | ||
Angou | Tunisia | Arabic: أنقو | ||
Ardousow | Chad | |||
Aribo | Chad | |||
Arichti, Arichty, Rochty | Tunisia | Arabic: عرشتي | ||
Arsandow | Chad | |||
Asabia el Aroos | Yemen | |||
Asada | Sudan | |||
Aṣeel | Pakistan | Urdu: أصيل | Dates from Pakistan that are pitted and diced | ![]() |
Ashhal | Bahrain | |||
Ashrasi | Syria | Arabic: اشرسي | ||
Aswad | Qatar | |||
Atratinna | Niger | |||
Awaidi | Kuwait | |||
Azat | Qatar | |||
Azigzao | Morocco | |||
Aziza Bouzid | Morocco | |||
Azzani | Yemen | |||
Baghaberha | Niger | |||
Bagounia | Niger | |||
Bamour | Libya | |||
Banat - Alabade | Bahrain | |||
Banat - Alssyid | Bahrain | |||
Baqal | Yemen | |||
Barakawi | Sudan | Arabic: بركاوي | ||
Barbosa | Yemen | |||
Barḥi, Barḥee | Bahrain; India; Iran; Iraq; Israel; Kuwait; Palestine; Qatar; Saudi Arabia; Syria; Djibouti; Sudan | Arabic: برحي | Nearly spherical, light amber to dark brown when ripe; soft, with thick flesh and rich flavour. One of the few varieties that are good in the khalal stage when they are yellow (like a fresh grape, as opposed to dry, like a raisin). | |
Barni | Oman | Arabic: برني | ||
Barni Madinah | Saudi Arabia | |||
Bartamoda, Barttamoda | Egypt; Sudan | |||
Basbrik | Mauritania | |||
Bashbak | Qatar | |||
Bayaḍ | Saudi Arabia | Arabic: بياض | ||
Baydir | Algeria | [6] | ||
Begum Jangi | Pakistan | |||
Beiḍ | Saudi Arabia | Arabic: بيض | ||
Bejjou or bejou | Tunisia | Arabic: الباجو | ||
Beladi | Djibouti | |||
Belhazit | Morocco | |||
Bent-Eisha | Egypt | |||
Bent Qbala | Algeria | |||
Berni | Libya | Arabic: برني | ||
Berz | Qatar | |||
Bestian | Libya | |||
Biḍ Ḥamam | Tunisia | Arabic: بيض حمام | ||
Bin Saif | Qatar | |||
Biraira, Bireir | Sudan | Arabic: برير | ||
Birbin | Syria | Arabic: بربن | ||
Bisr Ḥelou | Tunisia | Arabic: بسر حلو | ||
Bollior | Spain | |||
Bornow | Chad | |||
Boucerdoune | Morocco | |||
Boufaggouss, Boufegous (Moussa) | Tunisia; Morocco | |||
Bouhattam | Tunisia | |||
Bouijjou | Morocco | |||
Bouittob | Morocco | |||
Boujira | Mauritania | |||
Boukhanni | Morocco | |||
Bourar | Morocco | |||
Bouskri | Morocco | |||
Bouslikhene | Morocco | |||
Bousthami | Morocco | Black (kahla) and white varieties | ||
Boutemda | Morocco | |||
Bouzeggar | Morocco | |||
Braim, Breim | Kuwait; Iran | |||
Brismi | Bahrain | |||
Bu Narenjah | Oman | |||
Buchairah | Bahrain | |||
Buraimi | Saudi Arabia | |||
Candíos Puntiagudos | Spain | |||
Candits, Cándidos, Maduros | Spain | |||
Cheikh Mhammed (Sheikh Mohammed) | Algeria | |||
Choddakh | Tunisia | Arabic: شداخ | ||
Confitera | Spain | |||
Dabbas | United Arab Emirates | |||
Dagh | Pakistan | |||
Datça | Turkey | |||
Dan Haoussa | Niger | |||
Daurat, Dorado | Spain | |||
Dayri | Iran; Iraq; Israel | Arabic: ديري | The "Monastery" date, these are long, slender, nearly black, and soft. | |
De Adobo | Spain | |||
De Berberia | Spain | |||
De Espiga | Spain | |||
De Rambla | Spain | |||
De Sol | Spain | |||
Dedhi | Pakistan | |||
Degla Beida | Algeria | |||
Degla Bidha | Tunisia | |||
Deglet Noor | Algeria; Chile; Peru; Tunisia; United States; Israel; Palestine; Saudi Arabia; Syria | Arabic: دقلة نور | ![]() | |
Dehdar Moradi | Iran | |||
Dhakki | Pakistan | |||
Dibinojeh naoura | Cameroon | |||
Dilo | Niger | |||
Dogordow | Chad | |||
Empress | Indio, California | Developed by the DaVall family from a seedling of Thoory. It is large, and is softer and sweeter than Thoory. It generally has a light tan top half and brown bottom half. | ||
Faqur | Chad | |||
Farḍ, Faraḍ | Oman; Bahrain; Somalia | Arabic: فرض | Deep dark brown, tender skin, sweet flavor, small seed. Keeps well when well packed. | |
Fasli | Pakistan | |||
Fermla | Tunisia | Arabic: فرملة | ||
Fezzani | Tunisia | Arabic: فزاني | ||
Fṭimi or Alligue | Tunisia | Arabic: فطيمي | Grown in inland oases of Tunisia. | ![]() |
Gabiley | Yemen | Arabic: الجبيلي | ||
Gajjar | Pakistan | |||
Gameye or Ngamaya | Niger | |||
Gargoda | Egypt; Sudan | |||
Gharrah | Bahrain | |||
Ghars | Algeria | Arabic: غرس | ||
Gharss Souf (Gharss Meṭṭig) | Tunisia | Arabic: غرس سوف or غرس مطيقي | ||
Ghudairey | Yemen | |||
Ghur | Saudi Arabia | Arabic: الغر | ||
Gish Rabi | Syria | |||
Goknah | Pakistan | |||
Gonda, Gounda, Goundi | Tunisia | Arabic: قندة | ||
Gondaila | Egypt; Sudan | |||
Goria Fari | Niger | |||
Goria Ja | Niger | |||
Goṣbi, Gouṣbi | Tunisia | Arabic: قصبي | ||
Gros, Cavirots, Redondos | Spain | |||
Guewass | Niger | |||
Gulistan | Pakistan | |||
Gzaz | Yemen | |||
Hadib | Niger | |||
Hafs | Morocco | |||
Haji Mohammadi | Iran | |||
Hajri | Yemen | |||
Ḥalawi, Ḥalawy | India; Iran; Iraq; Israel; Palestine | Arabic: حلاوي | Soft, and extremely sweet, small to medium in size. | |
Halima | Libya | Halima is a woman's name. | ||
Hallaw/Taroot | Bahrain | |||
Hallini | Pakistan; Qatar | |||
Ḥalwa | Algeria | Arabic: الحلوة | ||
Ḥamra, Ḥamrah, Ḥamria | Tunisia; Yemen; Libya | Arabic: الحمراء | ||
Handhal | Oman | |||
Haoua | Morocco | |||
Harissa | Djibouti | |||
Hatimi | Bahrain | Arabic: حاتمي | ||
Hayany | Egypt; Israel; Palestine | Hayani is a man's name – these dates are dark-red to nearly black and soft. | ||
Hilali | Bahrain; Kuwait; Qatar; Saudi Arabia | Arabic: هلالي | ||
Hillawi | Pakistan | |||
Hissa | Tunisia | Arabic: هيسة | File:HissaDates.JPG | |
Hitmi | Qatar | |||
Hloua | Tunisia | Arabic: الحلوة | ||
Ḥorra | Tunisia | Arabic: حرة | ||
Ḥulwa | Saudi Arabia, Iraq | Arabic: الحلوة | ![]() | |
Ḥumri | Bahrain | Arabic: الحميرة | ||
Hussaini | Pakistan | |||
Iklane | Morocco | |||
Ilfodone | Niger | |||
Imri | Djibouti | |||
Indi | Sri Lanka | Sinhala: ඉඳ | ||
Jabiri, Jabri | Bahrain; Oman; Qatar | |||
Jawan Sour | Pakistan | |||
Jihel | Morocco | |||
Jouzi | Kuwait | |||
Judean date palm | Israel | Arabic: نخل يهودا | An ancient cultivar which, in 2005, was revived from a 2000-year-old seed. This cultivar is originally from the west coast of the Dead Sea. | |
Kaanihery | Niger | |||
Kabkab | Iran; Syria | Arabic: کبکاب | ||
Karbaline | Pakistan | |||
Karwan | Pakistan | |||
Kasho Wari | Pakistan | |||
Kathari | Libya | |||
Kehraba | Pakistan | |||
Kentichi | Algeria | Arabic: كنتيشي | ||
Khaḍrawi, Khaḍrawy | Djibouti; India; Iraq; Israel; Palestine; Syria | Arabic: خضراوي | The name is Arabic for 'green'; it is a cultivar favoured by many Arabs. It is a soft, very dark date. | |
Khalaṣ | Djibouti; Sudan; Bahrain; India; Kuwait; Oman; Qatar; Saudi Arabia; Syria | Arabic: خلاص | One of the major palm cultivars in Saudi Arabia. Its fruit is called Khlaṣ (خلاص). Notably produced in Hofuf (Al-Ahsa) and Qatif in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia (ash-Sharqīyah). | ![]() |
Kharbalian | Pakistan | |||
Khaṣab | Kuwait; Oman | Arabic: الخصاب | ||
Kisba, Kasbat - Asfoor | Djibouti; Bahrain | Arabic: كسبة | ||
Khaṣouee | Iran | Arabic: خاصوئی | ||
Khastawi | Iraq; Syria | Arabic: خستاوي | The leading soft date in Iraq; it is syrupy and small in size, prized for dessert. | |
Khawaja | Bahrain | |||
Khenaizi, Khunaizi, Khuneizi, Khinaizy, Khineze | Saudi Arabia; Bahrain; Oman; India; Sudan; Syria; United Arab Emirates | Arabic: الخنيزي | ![]() | |
Khiḍri | Palestine | Arabic: خضري | ||
Khoḍry | Saudi Arabia | Arabic: خضري | ||
Khyarah | Kuwait | Arabic: خياره | ||
Kinta, Kenta | Tunisia | Arabic: كنتة | ||
Koîdi bichanga | Chad | |||
Koîdi dellémadow | Chad | |||
Koîdow | Chad | |||
Kougoudou | Chad | |||
Kouhi | Chad | |||
Koukouma | Niger | |||
Kourdow | Chad | |||
Krouskrous | Niger | |||
Kulma | Sudan | |||
Kupro | Pakistan | |||
Kustawy | Palestine | Arabic: خستاوي | ||
Lagou | Tunisia | Arabic: اللاقو | ||
Lakhdira | Mauritania | |||
Lamdina | Mauritania | |||
Largos | Spain | |||
Lemsi | Tunisia | |||
Léon | Spain | |||
Libyan Deglet | Libya | |||
Litima | Algeria | |||
Lohandjé | Chad | |||
Lolo, Lolwi, Lulu | Syria; Kuwait; United Arab Emirates | |||
Louted | Mauritania | |||
Mabroom (Barni Al Ola) | Saudi Arabia | Arabic: مبروم | A large, elongated date | |
Mabsli | Oman | |||
Madina | Sudan | |||
Madini | Yemen | |||
Madloki | Oman | |||
Mahboula | Mauritania | |||
Mah-Lbaïd | Morocco | |||
Maiwa | Niger | |||
Maktoom, Maktoomi, Maktoumi | Syria; Kuwait; Saudi Arabia | Arabic: مكتومي | Large, red-brown, thick-skinned, soft, medium-sweet date. | |
Malkaby | Egypt | |||
Malṭi | Tunisia | Arabic: مالطي | ||
Manakbir | A large fruit that ripens early. | |||
Marchiano | Chad | |||
Marraner | Spain | |||
Masli, Masili | Oman; Somalia | |||
Maazwati | Pakistan | |||
Méboul | Chad | |||
Mech Degla | Algeria | |||
Medjool (Mujhoolah) | Djibouti; Morocco; Chile; Peru; United States; India; Israel; Kuwait; Palestine; Saudi Arabia; Syria | Arabic: المجهول | A large, sweet and succulent date. | ![]() |
Méguirti | Chad | |||
Mékléya | Chad | |||
Mékoîdi | Chad | |||
Mekt | Morocco | |||
Meneifi | Saudi Arabia | Arabic: منيفي | ||
Merziban | Bahrain | Arabic: المرزبان | ||
Mestali | Morocco | |||
Météréli | Chad | |||
Métoukouli | Chad | |||
Mgmaget Ayuob | Hun, Libya | |||
Mijraf | Yemen | |||
Mishriq, Mishrig | Sudan | Arabic: مشرق, meaning 'east' | Wad Khateeb and Wad Laggai varieties in Sudan | |
Miskani | Saudi Arabia | Arabic: مسكاني | ||
Momeg | Yemen | |||
Mordaseng | Iran | |||
Moscatel | Spain | |||
Mourudow | Chad | |||
Mozafati, Mazafati, Muzawati | Iran; Pakistan | Persian: مضافتی, meaning 'suburban' or 'peripheral' | Dark, fleshy and sweet date of medium size with a relatively high moisture content and is suited for fresh consumption, i.e. not dried. At a temperature of −5 °C (23 °F) it can be kept for up to 2 years. | ![]() |
Mriziga | Mauritania | |||
Mubashir | Bahrain | |||
Mudallal | Bahrain | |||
Muwaji | Bahrain | |||
Nabtat Ali | Saudi Arabia | Arabic: نبتة علي | ||
Nabtat Saif | Bahrain; Saudi Arabia; Syria | Arabic: نبتة سيف | ||
Nabtat Sulṭan | Saudi Arabia | Arabic: نبتة سلطان | ||
Nabut Sultan | Djibouti | |||
Naghal | Oman | |||
Najda | Morocco | |||
Nebut Seif | Kuwait; Qatar | Arabic: نبوت سيف | ||
Nemahan | Somalia | |||
Niqal | Qatar | |||
Noyet Meka | Libya | |||
Omglaib | Libya | |||
Oraiby | Egypt | |||
Otakin | Pakistan | |||
Oum Arich | Mauritania | |||
Oum-N’hal | Morocco | |||
Oumo-Assala | Djibouti | |||
Outoukdime | Morocco | |||
Pashpag | Pakistan | |||
Piarom | Iran | A large, thin-skinned, black-brown semi-dry date. | ||
Qanṭar | Kuwait | Arabic: قنطار | ||
Qash | Oman | |||
Qashmak | Qatar | |||
Qaṭarah | Saudi Arabia | Arabic: قطاره | ||
Rabbi, Rabai | Iran; Pakistan | Persian: ربی | ||
Rabia | Saudi Arabia | Arabic: ربيعة | ||
Ras Lahmer, Ras Ltmar | Morocco | |||
Roghni | Pakistan | |||
Rojo | Spain | |||
Roṭab | Iran, Iraq | Arabic: رطب | Dark and soft. | ![]() |
Ruthana, Rotana | Saudi Arabia; Qatar | Arabic: روثانة | ||
Ruzeiz, Rzaiz, Rzizi | Saudi Arabia; Bahrain; Djibouti | Arabic: الرزيز | ||
Sabaka | Saudi Arabia | Arabic: سباكة | ||
Ṣabo | Bahrain | Arabic: الصبو | ||
Ṣafawi | Saudi Arabia | Arabic: صفاوي | Mainly grown in the Al-Madina region. Soft, semi-dried date variety; distinctive deep black colour, length and medium size. Share similarities with Ajwa dates such as taste. | |
Ṣafrir | Israel | Hebrew: צפריר | Red colored sweet dates that can be eaten immediately after being harvested from the tree | |
Sahcari | Somalia | |||
Saiedi, Saidi | Libya | Soft, very sweet, these are popular in Libya. | ||
Saila | Libya | Soft, very sweet, these are popular in Libya. | ||
Saïrlayalate | Morocco | |||
Sakkoty | Egypt | |||
Salani | Oman | |||
Salmadina | Mauritania | |||
Samany | Egypt | |||
Samaran | Kuwait | |||
Sari | Saudi Arabia | Arabic: سري | ||
Sayer | Iran; Iraq | Arabic for 'common' | Dark orange-brown, of medium size, soft and syrupy. | |
Seedling | Sudan | |||
Ṣefri, Ṣufry | Saudi Arabia | Arabic: صفري | ||
Ṣegae | Saudi Arabia | Arabic: صقعي | ||
Sellaj | Saudi Arabia | Arabic: سلّج | ||
Selmi | Bahrain | |||
Serfateh | Yemen | |||
Setrawi | Bahrain | |||
Sewi | India | |||
Shabibi | Bahrain | |||
Shahabi | Syria | |||
Shahal, Shahl | Saudi Arabia; Oman | Arabic: شهل | ||
Shahani | Iran | Arabic: شاهانی | ||
Shambari | Bahrain | |||
Shamiya | Egypt | |||
Shamran | India | |||
Shebebi | Saudi Arabia | Arabic: الشبيبي | ||
Sheeri | Djibouti | |||
Shaishi, Shishi | Saudi Arabia; Bahrain; Kuwait; Qatar | Arabic: الشيشي | ||
Sils | Bahrain | |||
Siwy | Egypt | |||
Sokotri | Yemen | |||
Soukani | Mauritania | |||
Sukkari, Suckari, Sokeri | Saudi Arabia; Kuwait; Libya | Arabic: سكري, meaning 'sugar' or 'sweet one' | Yellow skinned; faintly resilient[clarification needed] and extremely sweet, often referred to as 'royal dates'. It is arguably the most expensive and premium variety.[7] | ![]() |
Sullaj | Saudi Arabia | Arabic: سلج | ||
Suqadari | Somalia | |||
Tadmainte | Morocco | |||
Tafezwin | Algeria | |||
Taghayat | Niger | |||
Tagiat | Libya | |||
Takarmust, Takermest | Algeria; Tunisia | |||
Talharma | Niger | |||
Talis | Libya | |||
Talittat | Niger | |||
Tameg | Libya | |||
Tamezwert | Algeria | |||
Tanghal | Niger | |||
Tanjoob | Bahrain | |||
Tantbucht | Algeria | |||
Taqerbucht | Algeria | |||
Tarahim | Qatar | |||
Tawragh | Niger | |||
Ṭayyar, Ṭayer | Saudi Arabia; Bahrain | Arabic: الطيار | ||
Tenat | Spain | |||
Tendre Dolz | Spain | |||
Tezerzayet, Touzerzayet | Tunisia | Arabic: توزرزايت | Kahla and Safra varieties | |
Thoory (Thuri) | Algeria | Popular in Algeria, this dry date is brown-red when cured with a bluish bloom and very wrinkled skin. Its flesh is sometimes hard and brittle but the flavour described as sweet and nutty. | ||
Tha'al (Manasif) | Yemen | |||
Tidirchi or Toudourchi | Niger | |||
Tiernos, Tendre | Spain | |||
Tifred | Mauritania | |||
Tiguedert | Mauritania | |||
Tijeb | Mauritania | |||
Tilmoiran or Cliyarom | Niger | |||
Timjuhart | Algeria | |||
Tinterguel | Mauritania | |||
Tinwazid | Mauritania | |||
Tirtidou | Chad | |||
Tissibi | Algeria | |||
Tota | Pakistan | |||
Touzouwzaw | Niger | |||
Trasferit | Libya | |||
Tronja | Tunisia | Arabic: ترنجة | ||
Tubaig | Yemen | |||
Tunisi (Deglet Noor) | Sudan | |||
Um Raḥeem, Um Raḥim | Saudi Arabia; Bahrain | Arabic: أم رحيم | ||
Um Sella | Oman | |||
Um Al-Dehn | Kuwait | |||
Um Al-Jwary | Libya | |||
Um Al-Khashab | Saudi Arabia | Brilliant red skin; bittersweet, hard white flesh | ||
Verdal | Spain | |||
Wallo | Chad | |||
Wannana | Saudi Arabia | Arabic: ونانة | ||
Ward | Qatar | |||
Wardanga | Chad | |||
Waserdow | Chad | |||
Zabad | Oman | |||
Zaghloul | Egypt; India; Syria | Arabic: زغلول | Dark red skin, long, and very crunchy when fresh (when they are typically served); extremely sweet, with sugar content creating a sense of desiccation in the mouth when eaten. This variety is essentially exclusive to Egypt, where it is subject to an element of nationalist sentiment on account of sharing a name with national hero Saad Zaghloul. | |
Zahidi | Djibouti; Chile; Peru; India; Iran; Iraq; Israel; Palestine; Syria | Arabic: الزهدي; Persian: زاهدی | Medium-sized, cylindrical, light golden-brown semi-dry dates are very sugary, and sold as soft, medium-hard and hard. Arabic for 'ascetic'. | |
Zalao | Chad | |||
Zebur | Libya | |||
Zurghi (Makkawy) | Yemen |
See also
References
- ^ Hussain, Fazal; El-Zeid, A (1975). "Studies on physical and chemical characteristics of date varieties of Saudi Arabia". Ministry of Agriculture and Water, Saudi Arabia.
{{cite journal}}
: Cite journal requires|journal=
(help) - ^ Nixon, R.W. (1954). "Date culture in Saudi Arabia". Ann. Date Growers' Instit. (31): 15–20.
- ^ Sidhu, Jiwan S. (28 February 2008). "22. Date Fruits Production and Processing". In Hui, Y. H.; Barta, József; Cano, M. Pilar (eds.). Handbook of Fruits and Fruit Processing. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 391–396. ISBN 978-0-470-27648-8.
- ^ Al-Khayri, Jameel M.; Jain, Shri Mohan; Johnson, Dennis V., eds. (2015). Date Palm Genetic Resources and Utilization. Vol. 1. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. doi:10.1007/978-94-017-9694-1. ISBN 978-94-017-9693-4. S2CID 40086887.
- ^ Al-Khayri, Jameel M.; Jain, Shri Mohan; Johnson, Dennis V., eds. (2015). Date Palm Genetic Resources and Utilization. Vol. 2. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. doi:10.1007/978-94-017-9707-8. ISBN 978-94-017-9706-1. S2CID 41024508.
- ^ Rhouma, Abdelmajid; Nasr, Noureddine; Zirari, Abdelmalek; Belguedj, Malek (2006). Jarvis, Devra Ivy (ed.). Indigenous knowledge in management of abiotic stress: Date palm genetic resources diversity in the oases of Maghreb region. Enhancing the Use of Crop Genetic Diversity to Manage Abiotic Stress in Agricultural Production Systems (23-27 May 2005). Budapest, Hungary: Bioversity International. pp. 57–. ISBN 978-92-9043-722-2.
- ^ "Popular date palm fruit types: Sukkary dates". Fodakty. Retrieved 2018-10-19.
Further reading
- Rhouma, Abdelmajid. Le Palmier Dattier en Tunisie: I. Le patrimoine génétique - Volume 2 (in French). Bioversity International. ISBN 978-92-9043-677-5. – extensive reference about date cultivars of Tunisia