Walther Dahl | |
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Nickname(s) | Rammdahl |
Born | Lug, Germany | 27 March 1916
Died | 25 November 1985 Heidelberg | (aged 69)
Allegiance | ![]() |
Service/ | ‹See Tfd›![]() |
Years of service | 1935–45 |
Rank | Oberst (colonel) |
Unit | JG 3, JG 300, EJG 2 |
Commands | JG 300 |
Battles/wars | See battles |
Awards | Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves |
Walther Dahl (27 March 1916 – 25 November 1985) was a German pilot and a fighter ace during World War II. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves of Nazi Germany. Dahl claimed some 128 enemy aircraft shot down in 678 missions.[1]
Early life and career
Dahl was born on 27 March 1916 in Lug near Bad Bergzabern, son of a Volksschule teacher who was killed in action in 1918 on the Western Front of World War I. He joined the military service on 29 October 1935, initially serving as a Schütze with Infanterie-Regiment 35 before transferring to Infanterie-Regiment 119 in Stuttgart on 6 October 1936. On 18 January 1938, Dahl was promoted to Leutnant (second lieutenant) of the Reserves with an effective date as of 1 January 1938.[2]
On 28 October 1938, Dahl quit his service with the Heer (army) and joined the Schutzpolizei (police) on 29 October 1938. On 1 May 1939, Dahl resigned and joined the Luftwaffe (air force) and becoming a fighter pilot.[2]
World War II
In May 1941 Dahl was posted to Jagdgeschwader 3 (JG 3—3rd Fighter Wing) and claimed his first victory on 22 June during the first day of the invasion of the Soviet Union.
Dahl commanded 4. Staffel of JG 3 from 13 February until 9 April 1942 as Staffelkapitän. He had taken over command from Hauptmann Georg Michalek who was transferred. When Dahl was ordered to take over command of 1. Staffel of Ergänzungsgruppe Süd, he passed command of 4. Staffel of JG 3 to Oberleutnant Gerhard Walz.[3] On 20 July 1943, Dahl was given command as Gruppenkommandeur (group commander) of III. Gruppe of JG 3. He replaced Hauptmann Karl-Heinz Langer who was one of the temporary leaders of the Gruppe after its former commander Hauptmann Wolfgang Ewald became a prisoner of war on 14 July.[4]
Wing commander
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Fw_190_A8_Dahl_Wiki.jpg/220px-Fw_190_A8_Dahl_Wiki.jpg)
On 21 May 1944, Dahl was appointed commander of Jagdgeschwader zur besonderen Verwendung (JG z.b.V.—a special purpose fighter wing). He led the unit until taking command of Jagdgeschwader 300 (JG 300—300th Fighter Wing) on 27 June 1944. Dahl set up his Geschwaderstab (headquarters unit) at Ansbach, planning combined operations with JG 3 "Udet".[5] Dahl succeeded Major Walter Brede as commander of JG 300.[6] Command of III. Gruppe of JG 3 was then passed to Major Karl-Heinz Langer.[7]
On 7 July 1944, a force of 1,129 B-17 Flying Fortresses and B-24 Liberators of the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) Eighth Air Force set out from England to bomb aircraft factories in the Leipzig area and the synthetic oil plants at Boehlen, Leuna-Merseburg and Lützkendorf. This force was divided into three prongs. The first group consisted of 373 B-24s, the second force of the 3rd Bomb Division was made up of 303 B-17s, and the third wave was made up of 450 B-17s. A series of accidents at the start of the mission allowed the Luftwaffe to focus their attacks on the B-24 force.[8] This formation was intercepted by a German Gefechtsverband (task force) consisting of IV.(Sturm) Gruppe Jagdgeschwader 3 escorted by two Gruppen of Bf 109s from JG 300 led by Dahl. Dahl drove the attack to point-blank range behind the Liberators of the 492nd Bomb Group before opening fire. 492nd Bomb Group was temporarily without fighter cover. Within about a minute the entire squadron of twelve B-24s had been annihilated. The Germans claimed 28 USAAF 2nd Air Division B-24s that day and were credited with at least 21.[9] The majority to the Sturmgruppe attack, IV./JG 3 lost nine fighters shot down and three more suffered damage and made crash landings; five of the unit's pilots were killed.[10][11] On this mission, Dahl was credited with his 72nd aerial victory, a B-24 shot down in the vicinity of Quedlinburg.[12]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Ellgaard%2C_Ich_ramme_1944.jpg/170px-Ellgaard%2C_Ich_ramme_1944.jpg)
On 13 September, Dahl claimed to have brought down a B-17 four-engined bomber by ramming according to his own account. Lorant and Goyat, the historians of JG 300, found no evidence of a corresponding loss in US archives.[13]
On 26 January 1945, Hermann Göring appointed him Inspekteur der Tagjäger (Inspector of the Day Fighters). Despite his promotion, Dahl continued to fly operationally. On 28 February 1945, Dahl was credited with his 100th aerial victory. He was the 98th Luftwaffe pilot to achieve the century mark.[14]
Dahl ended the war flying the Messerschmitt Me 262 jet fighter with III./Ergänzungs-Jagdgeschwader 2 (a supplementary fighter unit). On 27 March 1945,[15] Dahl claimed two P-47 Thunderbolt fighter kills.[16] His 129th and last victory was a USAAF P-51 Mustang near Dillingen an der Donau on 26 April 1945. Dahl was promoted to Oberst (colonel) on 30 April 1945. He was taken prisoner of war by US forces in Bavaria at the end of World War II in Europe.[15]
Later life
Following the war, Dahl became a member of the Deutsche Reichspartei (DRP—German Reich Party)[17] In the West German federal election of 1961 he unsuccessfully ran as a candidate for the DRP.[18] On 8 May 1961, Dahl founded the "Reichsverband der Soldaten" (RdS—lit. "Reich Association of Soldiers").[19] Among others, the founding meeting was attended by Adolf von Thadden and Erich Kern, the honorary president was Hans-Ulrich Rudel. It was planned that the RdS youth program was to be organized in the Bund Vaterländischer Jugend (Coalition of the Patriotic Youth), a group which was banned that same year due to its radical right-wing affiliation.[20]
Dahl was married to Regina Dahl, a journalist with the National Zeitung, a weekly extreme right newspaper published by Gerhard Frey. Dahl was a spokesman for the German People's Union, a nationalist political party founded by Frey. In 2004, Frey and Hajo Herrmann published an abstract of Dahl's biography in the book Helden der Wehrmacht – Unsterbliche deutsche Soldaten [Heroes of the Wehrmacht – Immortal German soldiers]. This publication was classified as a far-right wing publication by Claudia Fröhlich and Horst-Alfred Heinrich.[21] Dahl died on 25 November 1985 of heart failure in Heidelberg.[15]
Publications
- Rammjäger: Bericht über seine Kriegserlebnisse 1943 bis 1945 (in German). Pour le Mérite Verlag ISBN 3-932381-01-7 (2000).
Summary of career
Aerial victory claims
According to US historian David T. Zabecki, Dahl was credited with 129 aerial victories.[22] Spick lists him with 128 aerial victories claimed in 678 combat missions. This figure includes 77 claims on the Eastern Front, and 51 on the Western Front, 36 of them being four-engined bombers.[1] Mathews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and state that he claimed at least 90 aerial victories, at least 56 of which claimed on the Eastern Front and more than 34 on Western Front, including over 22 four-engined bombers, plus further 13 unconfirmed claims. He claimed seven victories flying the Me 262. The claim that he is attributed with 128 aerial victories cannot be verified through the archives.[23]
Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = Planquadrat), for example "PQ 49283". The Luftwaffe grid map (Jägermeldenetz) covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude, an area of about 360 square miles (930 km2). These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area 3 km × 4 km (1.9 mi × 2.5 mi) in size.[24]
Chronicle of aerial victories | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
This and the – (dash) indicates unconfirmed aerial victory claims for which Dahl did not receive credit.
This along with the * (asterisk) indicates an Herausschuss (separation shot)—a severely damaged heavy bomber forced to separate from his combat box which was counted as an aerial victory.
This and the ? (question mark) indicates information discrepancies listed by Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike, Bock, Mathews and Foreman.
| |||||||||
Claim | Date | Time | Type | Location | Claim | Date | Time | Type | Location |
– Stab II. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 3 "Udet" –[25] Operation Barbarossa — 22 June – 5 December 1941 | |||||||||
1 | 22 June 1941 | 04:30 | I-18 (MiG-1) | east of Lemberg[26] | 10?[Note 1] | 14 September 1941 | 06:05 | I-153 | Jelesawetowka[27] |
2 | 16 July 1941 | 15:45?[Note 2] | I-16 | south of Koziatyn[29] | 11 | 19 September 1941 | 13:57 | SB-3 | Kotschubjewka[27] |
3?[Note 1] | 1 August 1941 | 13:00 | I-16 | Kiev[30] | 12 | 11 October 1941 | 11:55 | SB-3 | 20 km (12 mi) northeast of Gzhatsk[27] |
4?[Note 1] | 8 August 1941 | 13:30 | DB-3 | east of Majewo[30] | 13 | 18 October 1941 | 10:10 | I-16 | northwest of Oschtiwschtschi[31] |
5 | 24 August 1941 | 08:55 | I-180 (Yak-7) | south of Zaporizhia[32] | 14 | 19 October 1941 | 15:25 | I-16 | northwest of Ischum[31] |
6 | 24 August 1941 | 15:55 | I-16 | Dnipropetrovsk[32] | 15 | 23 October 1941 | 10:56 | I-61 (MiG-3) | southeast of Kurman-Kemeltschij[31] |
7?[Note 1] | 13 September 1941 | 09:30 | I-16 | south of Miropol[27] | 16 | 23 October 1941 | 11:00 | I-61 (MiG-3) | northeast of Kurman-Kemeltschij[31] |
8 | 13 September 1941 | 17:20 | Il-2 | east of Belabtyn[27] | 17 | 23 October 1941 | 11:20 | I-16 | southeast of Jogaili[31] |
9 | 13 September 1941 | 17:27 | V-11 (Il-2) | east of Paschetolowka[27] | |||||
– 4. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 3 "Udet" –[33] Mediterranean Theater — 7 January – 26 April 1942 | |||||||||
—
|
2 April 1942 | 15:30 | Spitfire | 10 km (6.2 mi) north of Malta[34] | |||||
– Stab of Jagdgeschwader 3 "Udet" –[33] Eastern Front — 19 May 1942 – 3 February 1943 | |||||||||
18 | 26 August 1942 | 08:37?[Note 3] | Yak-7 | northwest of Stalingrad[35] | 31 | 25 October 1942 | 10:20 | LaGG-3 | 8 km (5.0 mi) south of Stalingrad[36] |
19 | 7 September 1942 | 15:36?[Note 4] | La-5 | PQ 49283, southwest of Akhtuba[35] 10 km (6.2 mi) east of Stalingrad |
32 | 25 October 1942 | 10:39 | Il-2 | 8 km (5.0 mi) east-northeast of Krasnoarmeysk[36] |
20 | 19 September 1942 | 11:44 | Yak-7 | 2 km (1.2 mi) south of Kotluban train station[35] 1 km (0.62 mi) east-northeast of Kotluban |
33 | 25 October 1942 | 14:21 | Il-2 | 9 km (5.6 mi) east of Stalingrad[36] |
21 | 24 September 1942 | 11:03 | Yak-1 | northern edge of Stalingrad[36] | 34 | 26 October 1942 | 14:02 | Il-2 | 10 km (6.2 mi) northwest of Stalingrad[37] |
22 | 24 September 1942 | 11:09 | Yak-1 | southeast of Dubovka[36] | 35 | 26 October 1942 | 14:07 | Il-2 | 10 km (6.2 mi) southwest of Beketowka[37] |
23 | 27 September 1942 | 16:03 | Il-2 | northern edge of Stalingrad[36] | 36 | 26 October 1942 | 14:08 | Il-2 | 12 km (7.5 mi) southwest of Beketowka[37] |
24 | 29 September 1942 | 10:17 | Il-2 | north-northwest of Stalingrad[36] | 37 | 26 October 1942 | 14:12 | Il-2 | 12 km (7.5 mi) southwest of Sarepta[37] |
25 | 30 September 1942 | 16:10 | Il-2 | 15 km (9.3 mi) southeast of Akhtuba[36] | 38 | 27 October 1942 | 10:00 | Yak-1 | 12 km (7.5 mi) east of Krasnaya Sloboda[37] |
26 | 30 September 1942 | 16:15 | P-40 | 20 km (12 mi) southeast of Dubovka[36] | 39 | 30 November 1942 | 08:10 | Il-2 | 8 km (5.0 mi) north of Pitomnik Airfield[37] |
27 | 30 September 1942 | 16:16 | P-40 | 25 km (16 mi) southeast of Dubovka[36] | 40 | 30 November 1942 | 08:12 | Il-2 | west of Kotluban train station[37] |
28 | 14 October 1942 | 07:07 | Il-2 | 20 km (12 mi) northwest of Stalingrad[36] | 41 | 30 November 1942 | 13:25 | Yak-1 | 6 km (3.7 mi) southwest of Beketowka[37] |
29 | 14 October 1942 | 07:15 | Il-2 | 25 km (16 mi) northwest of Stalingrad[36] | 42 | 2 December 1942 | 09:10 | Il-2 | 10 km (6.2 mi) northeast of Kotluban train station[37] |
30 | 17 October 1942 | 09:15 | Yak-1 | 50 km (31 mi) northeast of Stalingrad[36] | |||||
– Stab of Jagdgeschwader 3 "Udet" –[33] Eastern Front — 4 February – 10 May 1943 | |||||||||
43 | 16 March 1943 | 14:25 | Boston | PQ 34 Ost 8044, east of Tarsowka[38] | 48 | 16 April 1943 | 15:10 | P-39 | northwest of Krymskaya[39] over sea, south of Gelendzhik |
44 | 21 March 1943 | 14:55 | LaGG-3 | PQ 34 Ost 9887, south of Rostov[38] | 49 | 16 April 1943 | 15:10?[Note 5] | P-39 | Krymskaja[39] Black Sea, 20 km (12 mi) northwest of Anapa |
45 | 15 April 1943 | 16:28 | LaGG-3 | PQ 34 Ost 85147, northwestern edge of Abinskaya[39] | 50 | 17 April 1943 | 15:08?[Note 6] | LaGG-3 | PQ 34 Ost 85191, east of Abinskaya[39] over sea, southeast of Gelendzhik |
46 | 15 April 1943 | 16:30 | LaGG-3 | PQ 34 Ost 8544, south of Abinskaya[39] Nowy Swet |
51 | 17 April 1943 | 15:08?[Note 7] | LaGG-3 | PQ 34 Ost 85191, east of Abinskaya[39] over sea, southeast of Gelendzhik |
47 | 16 April 1943 | 15:08 | P-39 | northwest of Krymskaya[39] | |||||
– Stab III. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 3 "Udet" –[33] Defense of the Reich — 8 August – 31 December 1943 | |||||||||
52?[Note 1] | 6 September 1943 | 11:15 | B-17* | PQ 05 Ost S/BR-4, Achern[40] | 55 | 14 October 1943 | 14:35 | B-17* | PQ 05 Ost S/QU, east of Frankfurt[40] Aschaffenburg-Würzburg |
53 | 6 September 1943 | 11:30 | B-17 | 12 km (7.5 mi) west of Saint-Avold[40] | 56 | 19 December 1943 | 12:25 | B-17 | south of Innsbruck[40] |
54 | 14 October 1943 | 14:30 | B-17 | PQ 05 Ost S/QU[40] Aschaffenburg-Würzburg |
|||||
– Stab III. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 3 "Udet" –[41] Defense of the Reich — 1 January – 6 June 1943 | |||||||||
57 | 29 January 1944 | 11:07 | B-17[42] | Mannheim/Bastogne | 65 | 25 February 1944 | 12:27?[Note 8] | B-17[43] | vicinity of Mühldorf |
58?[Note 1] | 29 January 1944 | 11:13 | B-17*[42] | Mannheim/Bastogne | 66 | 25 February 1944 | 12:48 | B-17[43] | 20–30 km (12–19 mi) southwest of Regensburg |
59?[Note 1] | 23 February 1944 | 12:08 | B-24[43] | 67 | 13 April 1944 | 15:04 | B-17[43] | 20–30 km (12–19 mi) northeast of Augsburg | |
60?[Note 1] | 23 February 1944 | 12:12 | B-24*[43] | 68 | 13 April 1944 | 15:08 | B-17*[43] | 30 km (19 mi) north of Augsburg | |
61 | 23 February 1944 | 12:20 | P-38[43] | southeast of Steyr | 69 | 24 April 1944 | 13:30 | B-17[44] | Augsburg |
62?[Note 1] | 24 February 1944 | 13:12 | B-17*[43] | south of Steyr | 70 | 24 April 1944 | 13:36 | B-17[44] | 10 km (6.2 mi) west of Munich |
63?[Note 1] | 24 February 1944 | 13:12 | B-17*[43] | south of Steyr | 71 | 24 April 1944 | 13:45 | P-51[44] | vicinity of Munich |
64 | 24 February 1944 | 13:20 | P-38[43] | 30 km (19 mi) southeast of Steyr | |||||
– Stab of Jagdgeschwader 300 –[45] Defense of the Reich — 27 June – 16 September 1944 | |||||||||
72 | 7 July 1944 | 09:45 | B-24 | PQ LC4-5/7-8, north of Quedlinburg[46] | 75 | 11 September 1944 | 11:55 | B-17 | PQ LD-KD-KE-LE, Schafstädt/Könnern/Bitterfeld/Halle-Leipzig[47] |
73 | 15 August 1944 | 11:45 | B-17 | PQ PO-QO, Blankenheim-Kelberg/Büdesheim-Hasborn[48] | 76 | 11 September 1944 | 12:05 | B-17 | PQ LD-MD-KC-KD, Schafstädt-Naumburg/Königsrode-Könnern[47] |
74 | 15 August 1944 | 11:46 | B-17 | PQ PP-PO-QO, Blankenheim-Kelberg/Büdesheim-Hasborn[48] | |||||
– Stab of Jagdgeschwader 300 –[45] Defense of the Reich — 17 September 1944 – February 1945 | |||||||||
77 | 28 September 1944 | 12:45 | B-17 | PQ HB-HA, Schöppenstedt-Salzgitter[49] vicinity of Wolfenbüttel |
87 | 29 January 1945 | 10:04 | Il-2 | 20 km (12 mi) east of Oppeln[50] |
78 | 6 October 1944 | 12:05 | B-17 | PQ FF-FG-GF, Nauen-Berlin-Brandenburg[49] | 88 | 29 January 1945 | 10:10 | La-7 | 25 km (16 mi) east of Oppeln[50] |
79 | 7 October 1944 | 12:35 | P-51 | PQ HG, vicinity of Luckenwalde[49] | 89 | 30 January 1945 | 11:55 | B-17 | vicinity of Berlin[50] |
80 | 26 October 1944 | 14:10 | B-17 | PQ SG[49] | 90 | 30 January 1945 | 12:00 | P-51 | vicinity of Berlin[50] |
81 | 5 November 1944 | 12:05 | B-17 | vicinity of Leipzig[49] | 91 | 31 January 1945 | 11:15 | P-51 | vicinity of Berlin[50] |
82 | 5 December 1944 | 12:15 | B-17 | vicinity of Berlin[51] | 92 | 4 February 1945 | 14:00 | P-38 | vicinity of Berlin[50] |
83 | 5 December 1944 | 12:25 | B-17 | vicinity of Berlin[51] | 93 | 20 February 1945 | 10:45 | La-7 | 20 km (12 mi) east of Stargard[50] |
84 | 5 December 1944 | 13:00[51] | P-51 | vicinity of Berlin[52] | 94 | 21 February 1945 | 09:30 | Il-2 | 5 km (3.1 mi) west of Platho[50] |
85 | 27 January 1945 | 10:08 | La-7 | 20 km (12 mi) west of Wieluń[50] | 95 | 21 February 1945 | 09:35 | Il-2 | 5 km (3.1 mi) west of Platho[50] |
86 | 28 January 1945 | 11:00 | Il-2 | 30 km (19 mi) south of Kalisz[50] | |||||
– III. Gruppe of Ergänzungs-Jagdgeschwader 2 –[45] Defense of the Reich — March – April 1945 | |||||||||
96 | 27 March 1945 | —
|
P-47[53] | vicinity of Lechfeld | 100 | 20 April 1945 | —
|
P-51 | |
97 | 27 March 1945 | —
|
P-47[53] | vicinity of Lechfeld | 101 | 26 April 1945 | —
|
P-51 | west of Munich |
98 | 9 April 1945 | —
|
Unknown | 102 | 26 April 1945 | —
|
P-51[54] | vicinity of Dillingen | |
99 | 19 April 1945 | —
|
Unknown |
Awards
- Honor Goblet of the Luftwaffe on 5 January 1942[55][Note 9]
- German Cross in Gold on 2 December 1942 as Oberleutnant in the Stab/JG 3[57]
- Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves
- Knight's Cross on 11 March 1944 as Major and Gruppenkommandeur of the III./Jagdgeschwader 3 "Udet"[58][59]
- 724th Oak Leaves on 1 February 1945 as Major and Geschwaderkommodore of Jagdgeschwader 300[58][60]
Notes
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j According to Mathews and Foreman, this claim is unconfirmed.[25]
- ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 05:45.[28]
- ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 08:57.[33]
- ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 15:56.[33]
- ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 15:15.[33]
- ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 15:05.[33]
- ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 15:06.[33]
- ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 12:25.[33]
- ^ According to Obermaier on 23 December 1941.[56]
References
Citations
- ^ a b Spick 1996, p. 230.
- ^ a b Stockert 2008, p. 40.
- ^ Prien et al. 2004, p. 83.
- ^ Prien et al. 2012, p. 124.
- ^ Lorant & Goyat 2005, p. 206.
- ^ Prien et al. 2020, p. 70.
- ^ Prien & Stemmer 1996, p. 442.
- ^ Lorant & Goyat 2005, p. 211.
- ^ Caldwell & Muller 2007, p. 216.
- ^ Dahl 2000, pp. 46–66
- ^ Weal 1996, p. 78.
- ^ Lorant & Goyat 2005, p. 213.
- ^ Lorant & Goyat 2005, p. 325.
- ^ Obermaier 1989, p. 243.
- ^ a b c Stockert 2008, p. 43.
- ^ Morgan & Weal 1998, p. 21.
- ^ Jenke 1967, p. 128.
- ^ Frederik 1966, p. 161.
- ^ Jaschke 2013, p. 90.
- ^ Frederik 1966, pp. 145, 147.
- ^ Fröhlich & Heinrich 2004, p. 134.
- ^ Zabecki 2019, p. 330.
- ^ Mathews & Foreman 2014, pp. 198–200.
- ^ Planquadrat.
- ^ a b Mathews & Foreman 2014, pp. 198–199.
- ^ Prien et al. 2003, p. 107.
- ^ a b c d e f Prien et al. 2003, p. 115.
- ^ Mathews & Foreman 2014, p. 198.
- ^ Prien et al. 2003, p. 111.
- ^ a b Prien et al. 2003, p. 112.
- ^ a b c d e Prien et al. 2003, p. 116.
- ^ a b Prien et al. 2003, p. 114.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Mathews & Foreman 2014, p. 199.
- ^ Prien et al. 2004, p. 86.
- ^ a b c Prien et al. 2006, p. 39.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Prien et al. 2006, p. 40.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Prien et al. 2006, p. 41.
- ^ a b Prien et al. 2012, p. 37.
- ^ a b c d e f g Prien et al. 2012, p. 38.
- ^ a b c d e Prien et al. 2008, p. 329.
- ^ Mathews & Foreman 2014, pp. 199–200.
- ^ a b Prien & Stemmer 1996, p. 501.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Prien & Stemmer 1996, p. 502.
- ^ a b c Prien & Stemmer 1996, p. 503.
- ^ a b c Mathews & Foreman 2014, p. 200.
- ^ Lorant & Goyat 2005, p. 376.
- ^ a b Lorant & Goyat 2005, p. 384.
- ^ a b Lorant & Goyat 2005, p. 382.
- ^ a b c d e Lorant & Goyat 2007, p. 354.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Lorant & Goyat 2007, p. 356.
- ^ a b c Lorant & Goyat 2007, p. 355.
- ^ Prien et al. 2020, p. 73.
- ^ a b Heaton & Lewis 2012, p. 272.
- ^ Heaton & Lewis 2012, p. 277.
- ^ Patzwall 2008, p. 63.
- ^ Obermaier 1989, p. 72.
- ^ Patzwall & Scherzer 2001, p. 77.
- ^ a b Scherzer 2007, p. 264.
- ^ Fellgiebel 2000, p. 156.
- ^ Fellgiebel 2000, p. 96.
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- Caldwell, Donald; Muller, Richard (2007), The Luftwaffe Over Germany: Defense of the Reich, MBI Publishing Company, ISBN 978-1-85367-712-0
- Fellgiebel, Walther-Peer [in German] (2000) [1986]. Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 — Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile [The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 — The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches] (in German). Friedberg, Germany: Podzun-Pallas. ISBN 978-3-7909-0284-6.
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- Jaschke, Hans-Gerd (2013). Entstehung und Entwicklung des Rechtsextremismus in der Bundesrepublik: Zur Tradition einer besonderen politischen Kultur [Creation and Development of Right-Wing Extremism in the Federal Republic: the Tradition of a Particular Political Culture] (in German). Wiesbaden, Germany: Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-322-99709-8.
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- Lorant, Jean Yves; Goyat, Richard (2005). Jagdgeschwader 300 "Wilde Sau" — Volume One: June 1943 – September 1944. Hamilton, Montana: Eagle Edition. ISBN 978-0-9761034-0-0.
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- Morgan, Hugh; Weal, John (1998). German Jet Aces of World War 2. Aircraft of the Aces. Vol. 17. London; New York: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-85532-634-7.
- Obermaier, Ernst (1989). Die Ritterkreuzträger der Luftwaffe Jagdflieger 1939 – 1945 [The Knight's Cross Bearers of the Luftwaffe Fighter Force 1939 – 1945] (in German). Mainz, Germany: Verlag Dieter Hoffmann. ISBN 978-3-87341-065-7.
- Patzwall, Klaus D.; Scherzer, Veit (2001). Das Deutsche Kreuz 1941 – 1945 Geschichte und Inhaber Band II [The German Cross 1941 – 1945 History and Recipients Volume 2] (in German). Norderstedt, Germany: Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall. ISBN 978-3-931533-45-8.
- Patzwall, Klaus D. (2008). Der Ehrenpokal für besondere Leistung im Luftkrieg [The Honor Goblet for Outstanding Achievement in the Air War] (in German). Norderstedt, Germany: Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall. ISBN 978-3-931533-08-3.
- Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard (1996). Messerschmitt Bf 109 im Einsatz bei der III./Jagdgeschwader 3 in 1940 – 1945 [Messerschmitt Bf 109 in Action with the III./Jagdgeschwader 3 in 1940 – 1945] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-33-5.
- Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard (2002). Jagdgeschwader 3 "Udet" in WWII: Stab and I./JG 3 in Action with the Messerschmitt Bf 109. Atglen, Pennsylvania: Schiffer Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7643-1681-4.
- Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2003). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 6/I—Unternehmen "BARBAROSSA"—Einsatz im Osten—22.6. bis 5 December 1941 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 6/I—Operation "BARBAROSSA"—Action in the East—22 June to 5 December 1941] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-69-4.
- Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2004). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 8/I—Einsatz im Mittelmeerraum—November 1941 bis December 1942 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 8/I—Action in the Mediterranean Theater—November 1941 to December 1942] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-74-8.
- Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2006). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 9/II—Vom Sommerfeldzug 1942 bis zur Niederlage von Stalingrad—1.5.1942 bis 3.2.1943 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 9/II—From the 1942 Summer Campaign to the Defeat at Stalingrad—1 May 1942 to 3 February 1943] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-77-9.
- Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2008). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 10/II—Reichsverteidigung—1.1. bis 31.12.1943 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 10/II—Defense of the Reich—1 January to 31 December 1943] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-85-4.
- Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2012). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 12/I—Einsatz im Osten—4.2. bis 31.12.1943 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 12/I—Action in the East—4 February to 31 December 1943] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Buchverlag Rogge. ISBN 978-3-942943-02-4.
- Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Bock, Winfried; Balke, Ulf (2020). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 13/VI—Einsatz im Reichsverteidigung und im Westen—1.1. bis 31.12.1944 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 13/VI—Action in the Defense of the Reich and in the West—1 January to 31 December 1944] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-942943-22-2.
- Scherzer, Veit (2007). Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 [The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945] (in German). Jena, Germany: Scherzers Militaer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-938845-17-2.
- Spick, Mike (1996). Luftwaffe Fighter Aces. New York: Ivy Books. ISBN 978-0-8041-1696-1.
- Stockert, Peter (2008). Die Eichenlaubträger 1939–1945 Band 8 [The Oak Leaves Bearers 1939–1945 Volume 8] (in German). Bad Friedrichshall, Germany: Friedrichshaller Rundblick. OCLC 76072662.
- Thomas, Franz (1997). Die Eichenlaubträger 1939–1945 Band 1: A–K [The Oak Leaves Bearers 1939–1945 Volume 1: A–K] (in German). Osnabrück, Germany: Biblio-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-7648-2299-6.
- Weal, John (1996). Focke-Wulf Fw 190 Aces of the Western Front. Aircraft of the Aces. Vol. 9. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-85532-595-1.
- Zabecki, David T., ed. (2019). The German War Machine in World War II. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-Clio. ISBN 978-1-44-086918-1.
External links
- Walther Dahl in the German National Library catalogue