→Franchise: unnecessary section |
No edit summary |
||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Italic title}} |
{{Italic title}} |
||
{{About|the media franchise}} |
{{About|original manga and the media franchise it spawned}} |
||
{{Infobox animanga/Header |
{{Infobox animanga/Header |
||
| name = Ghost in the Shell |
| name = Ghost in the Shell |
Revision as of 03:48, 19 April 2013
Ghost in the Shell | |
攻殻機動隊 (Kōkaku Kidōtai) | |
---|---|
Genre | Cyberpunk |
Manga | |
Written by | Masamune Shirow |
Published by | Kodansha |
English publisher |
|
Magazine | Young Magazine |
Demographic | Seinen |
Original run | May 1989 – November 1990 |
Volumes | 1 |
Manga | |
Ghost in the Shell 2: Man-Machine Interface | |
Written by | Masamune Shirow |
Published by | Kodansha |
English publisher |
|
Magazine | Young Magazine |
Demographic | Seinen |
Original run | September 1991 – August 1997 |
Volumes | 1 |
Manga | |
Ghost in the Shell 1.5: Human Error Processor | |
Written by | Masamune Shirow |
Published by | Kodansha |
English publisher |
|
Magazine | Young Magazine |
Demographic | Seinen |
Original run | 1991 – 1996 |
Volumes | 1 |
Anime film | |
Ghost in the Shell | |
Directed by | Mamoru Oshii |
Written by | Kazunori Itō |
Music by | Kenji Kawai |
Studio | Production I.G |
Released | October 18, 1995 |
Runtime | 82 mins |
Video game | |
Ghost in the Shell | |
Developer | Exact |
Publisher | SCEJ |
Genre | Action, third-person shooter |
Released | July 17, 1997 |
Anime television series | |
Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex | |
Directed by | Kenji Kamiyama |
Written by | Kenji Kamiyama |
Music by | Yoko Kanno |
Studio | Production I.G |
Licensed by | |
Original network | Perfect Choice (PPV) |
English network | |
Original run | October 1, 2002 – October 1, 2003 |
Episodes | 26 |
Anime film series | |
Ghost in the Shell: Arise | |
Directed by | Kazuchika Kise |
Produced by | Production I.G |
Written by | Tow Ubukata |
Music by | Cornelius |
Studio | Production I.G |
Released | June 22, 2013 – present |
Films | Ongoing |
Ghost in the Shell (攻殻機動隊, Kōkaku Kidōtai, literally "Mobile Armored Riot Police"), also known as The Ghost in the Shell, is a Japanese seinen manga series written and illustrated by Masamune Shirow. The manga, first serialized in 1989 and later published as its own tankōbon volumes by Kodansha, told the story of the fictional counter-cyberterrorist organization Public Security Section 9, led by protagonist Major Motoko Kusanagi, in the early 21st century of Japan.
Animation studio Production I.G has produced several different anime adaptations of Ghost in the Shell, starting with the 1995 film of the same name, telling the story of Section 9's investigation of the Puppet Master. The television series Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex followed in 2002, telling an alternate story from the manga and first film, featuring Section 9's investigations of government corruption in the Laughing Man and Individual Eleven incidents. The year 2013 will see the start of the Ghost in the Shell: Arise film series, a prequel to the original manga.
Setting
Ghost in the Shell as a media franchise consists of numerous and often unrelated works which are connected by the characters and the setting. Each work within the franchise is not necessarily chronological, sequential, or canon. Works include numerous alternate universes, re-imaginations and reinterpretations of events, characters and other works. An example of this is the Puppetmaster case, which was first depicted in the original manga. The 1995 Ghost in the Shell (film) is based upon that plot, but has a widely different portrayal of the characters and some aspects of the storyline. Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex takes place in a parallel world compared to the original comic because it is based on the assumption that Motoko Kusanagi did not meet the Puppet Master in 2029.[1]The upcoming Ghost in the Shell: Arise films are a prequel to the original manga and explores the origins of the cast of characters.
Primarily set in the fictional Japanese city of Niihama, Niihama Prefecture (新浜県新浜市, Niihama-ken Niihama-shi, the real world Niihama is located in Ehime Prefecture), otherwise known as New Port City (ニューポートシティ, Nyū Pōto Shiti), the series follows the members of Public Security Section 9, a special-operations task-force made up of former military officers and police detectives. Political intrigue and counter-terrorism operations are standard fare for Section 9, but the various actions of corrupt officials, companies, and cyber-criminals in each scenario are unique and require the diverse skills of Section 9's staff to prevent a series of incidents from escalating.
Story
Ghost in the Shell (攻殻機動隊 THE GHOST IN THE SHELL, Kōkaku Kidōtai Za Gōsuto In Za Sheru) begins in 2029, and revolves around Major Motoko Kusanagi's (commonly known as "the Major") hunt for a cyber-criminal known as "the Puppeteer" (the Puppet Master in the film), whose real identity is unknown. the Puppeteer commits a large number of crimes by the act of breaking into and taking control of human minds known as "ghost hacking". During an investigation of a missing robot, Japanese secret service Public Security Section 9 discover the robot is the Puppeteer, who is actually a unique autonomous artificial intelligence project, known as Project 2501, and was created by the Treaty Bureau of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, known as Section 6. Attempting to gather more information, Kusanagi brain dives into the Puppeteer. However, its consciousness was collapsed, and was presumed destroyed, but Kusanagi believes that it is still alive and that she can sense its presence.[2] One year later, after accidentally killing a suspect in a covert operation, Kusanagi instigates hostage situation in order for Section 9 to avoid blame for her previous actions.[3] She escapes with the help of Batou to find a new body for her, however she discovers the Puppeteer is still alive in her cyber brain. In pursuit of its evolution, the Puppeteer proposes to merge with Kusanagi. Kusanagi, although initially skeptical, agrees to allow the Puppeteer to merge with her own consciousness. After merging with the Puppeteer, Kusanagi awakes in one of Batou's safes house and in a new body provided by Batou. Batou asks her what she will do next, in which Kusanagi replies that she does not know but states that "the net is vast".[4]
Ghost in the Shell 2: Man-Machine Interface (攻殻機動隊2 MANMACHINE INTERFACE CONTROL PREFERENCES, Kōkaku Kidōtai 2 Manmashīn Intāfēsu Kontorōru Purefarenshizu) takes place on March 6, 2035 (five years after the events of Ghost in the Shell) and revolves around Kusanagi now known as Motoko Aramaki who is chief security officer for a giant multinational conglomerate. Motoko Aramaki digitally transfers her personality and capabilities between cyborg bodies stashed around the world, as she attacks industrial spies, assassins and cyber-hackers while keeping up a steady stream of digital communications with various robotic assistants and her secretary back at the office.
Ghost in the Shell 1.5: Human-Error Processor (攻殻機動隊1.5 HUMAN-ERROR PROCESSER, Kōkaku Kidōtai Ittengo Hyūman Erā Purosessā) takes place between Ghost in the Shell and Ghost in the Shell 2: Man-Machine Interface and follows Section 9 and their covert op investigations. In the chapter "Fat Cat" begins with a young woman who calls Section 9 to investigate her father's recent strange actions, and he turns out to be operated (through his electronic brain) by remote control. In the chapter "Drive Slave", Motoko Kusanagi under her 'Chroma' alias, returns when her bounty hunt collides with Section 9's witness protection case. In the chapter, "Mines of Mind", a cyber-date gets interrupted by an arms dealer's murder, which leads to a cyborg shoot-out at the marina and the reappearance of an agent's old friend. In the chapter "Lost Past", the investigation into a kidnapping gone wrong leads to a covert operation by another government department into Okinawa terrorism.
Creation and development
While writing the manga, Masamune Shirow struggled to make it neither too complex nor too simple.[5] Shirow said he drew approximately 40 pages per episode and it took him 40 days to finish one episode.[6] He has also stated that he had always wanted the title of his manga to be "GHOST IN THE SHELL", even in Japan, but his original publishers preferred Kōkaku Kidōtai (攻殻機動隊). He had chosen "Ghost in the Shell" in homage to Arthur Koestler's The Ghost in the Machine, from which he also drew inspiration.[7]
When developing Ghost in the Shell 2: Man-Machine Interface, Shirow initially wanted to use a new title by changing the last kanji character meaning "military unit", to the homophonic kanji for "body" so that it would translate "Mobile Unit Body Entity", but eventually he decided not to do so.[8] Shirow considers the manga a completely different kind of work and not a true sequel, as the plot of Ghost in the Shell revolved around Public Security Section 9 and Ghost in the Shell 2: Man-Machine Interface follows what happens to Motoko after she merges with the Puppeteer. Shirow drew the color pages on computer, in which he states was difficult to due to technical issues with his computer. In the "short-cut" version of the manga, Masamune Shirow made the color darker and softer, but used more contrasting colors in the "standard" version.[9]
Publication history
Ghost in the Shell ran from April 1989 to November 1990 in Kodansha's manga anthology Young Magazine, and was released in tankobon format on October 2, 1991.[10] The dates in the chapter titles are set up in DD-MM-YYYY format. Dark Horse initially published it monthly into eight comic issues from March 1, 1995 to October 1, 1995 with the translation of Studio Proteus.[11][12] It was later collected into a single volume in trade paperback format on early December 1, 1995.[13] An uncensored version was later released by Dark Horse Comics on October 6, 2004.[14] The manga was later republished by Kodansha Comics USA on October 13, 2009.[15]
A sequel titled Ghost in the Shell 2: Man-Machine Interface was penned by Shirow later. The dates in the chapter titles are set up in YYYY.MM.DD format along with the time in "AM/PM HH:MM" format except for chapter 6 in which it has the time in "HH:MM AM/PM" format. The manga series ran in Young Magazine from September 1991 to August 1997 and was originally released in hardcover format along with the original manga in a limited edition box set titled Kōkaku Kidōtai SOLID BOX (攻殻機動隊SOLID BOX, Mobile Armored Riot Police Solid Box) on December 1, 2000. The box set also contained a booklet titled ManMachine Interface Inactive Module, a poster and a Fuchikoma robot action figure.[16] Kodansha later released the standard edition in tankobon format on June 26, 2001.[17] The SOLID BOX version added over 140 pages of new content and more changes were added to the tankobon version such as 24 color pages and large modifications to over 20 pages. However 200 pages from the original version that ran in Young Magazine were not included in neither SOLID BOX nor the tankobon version.[18] The manga was then distributed in English by Dark Horse Comics into 11 comic issues from January 29, 2003 to December 31, 2003.[19][20] Masamune Shirow manually redrew the manga for the English version so that it could be read from left to right.[21] It was later collected into a single volume in trade paperback format on January 12, 2005.[22] The manga was later republished by Kodansha Comics USA on August 10, 2010.[23]
Four chapters that were not released in tankobon format from previous releases, were later collected into a single volume titled Ghost in the Shell 1.5: Human-Error Processor serving as an interquel. The manga was published in July 23, 2003 by Kodansha.[24] It contained a booklet and a CD-ROM featuring the full stories, adding music to the manga scenes, and a screen saver.[25] Dark Horse Comics announced an English version at the 2005 San Diego Comic-Con.[26] The series was released as eight individual comic issues from November 1, 2006 to June 6, 2007 and was the first of the Ghost in the Shell manga released in the United States to read right-to-left.[27][28] The four original titles were each split into two each, to make up the 8 in this series. It was later collected in a single volume in trade paperback format on October 10, 2007.[29] The manga was later republished by Kodansha Comics USA on September 25, 2012.[30]
A box set titled Kōkaku Kidōtai Cyberdelics (攻殻機動隊Cyberdelics, Mobile Armored Riot Police Cyberdelics) was released on July 8, 1997. The box set contains a collection of posters illustrated by Masamune Shirow, a booklet and a puzzle.[31] An art book titled The Ghost in the Shell: Fuchikoma Papercraft (攻殻機動隊フチコマ立体図鑑, Kōkaku Kidōtai fuchikoma Rittai zukan, lit. "Mobile Armored Riot Police Fuchikoma three-dimensional picture book") was released by Kodansha on July 24, 2000. The book contains several different artwork and paper cut out figures of the Fuchikoma.[32]
List of graphic novels
No. | Title | Original release date | English release date | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Ghost in the Shell Kōkaku Kidōtai THE GHOST IN THE SHELL (攻殻機動隊 THE GHOST IN THE SHELL) | October 2, 1991[10] 4-06-313248-X | December 1, 1995[13] 1-56971-081-3 | ||
| |||||
2 | Ghost in the Shell 2: Man-Machine Interface Kōkaku Kidōtai 2 MANMACHINE INTERFACE CONTROL PREFERENCES (攻殻機動隊2 MANMACHINE INTERFACE CONTROL PREFERENCES) | June 26, 2001[17] 4-06-336310-4 | January 12, 2005[22] 1-59307-204-X | ||
| |||||
1.5 | Ghost in the Shell 1.5: Human-Error Processor Kōkaku Kidōtai 1.5 HUMAN-ERROR PROCESSER (攻殻機動隊1.5 HUMAN-ERROR PROCESSER) | July 23, 2003 [24] 978-4-06-350406-4 | October 10, 2007[29] 978-1-59307-815-7 | ||
|
Reception
Ghost in the Shell had received mainly positive reviews. Publishers Weekly praised the manga for its artwork: "Masamune's b&w drawings are dynamic and beautifully gestural; he vividly renders the awesome urban landscape of a futuristic, supertechnological Japan."[33] Leroy Douresseaux of the website ComicBookBin gave the manga an A stating: "It is visually potent and often inscrutable, but its sense of wonder and exploration makes its ideas still seem fresh two decades after its debut."[34] Peter Gutiérrez of the website Teenreads praised the manga, writing: "In short, Ghost in the Shell is hard sci-fi of the best possible sort: the type that’s so full of both undiluted artfulness and philosophy that it’s arguably a must-read even for those who don’t usually take to the genre."[35] The website Read About Comics praised the artwork, however criticized the manga for it's story pacing and collection of short adventures stating, "I’m glad I got to experience Shirow’s artistic view of the future and am a little interested in the idea of his Intron Depot art books, but on the whole Ghost in the Shell was a massive shell game: flashy and fascinating from a glance, but ultimately empty when you decide to dive in."[36]
Ghost in the Shell 2: Man-Machine Interface had sold over 100,000 copies from its initial printing in Japan.[18] Diamond Comic Distributors ranked the manga #7 in its Top Performing Manga list of 2005.[37] Mike Crandol of Anime News Network criticized for being too complex and overwhelming stating it is "too technical for its own good" but praised the new artwork, stating that Shirow's "canny drawing skills are supplemented by an innovative use of CGI graphics that represent the series' boldest artistic endeavor."[38] Publishers Weekly praised the artwork as "the color and b&w graphics are stunning, brilliantly evoking the nonvisual world of data transmission" but criticized the story can be confusing.[39]
Ghost in the Shell 1.5: Human-Error Processor was ranked #10 in The New York Times Manga Best Seller List on October 19, 2012.[40] Scott Green of Ain't It Cool News praised the manga for its footnotes that "alone are worth the price of admission. The degree to which he apparently takes every aspect seriously and the amount of information he'd like to convey verges on a disorder."[41]
Art books
A number of artbooks detailing the concept art and world of Ghost in the Shell have been released. An art book titled The Ghost in the Shell: Fuchikoma Papercraft (攻殻機動隊フチコマ立体図鑑, Kōkaku Kidōtai fuchikoma Rittai zukan, lit. "Mobile Armored Riot Police Fuchikoma three-dimensional picture book") was released by Kodansha on July 24, 2000. The book contains several different artwork and paper cut out figures of the Fuchikoma.[42]
Merchandise
Numerous statuettes and action figures have been released for Ghost in the Shell, primarily around the Stand Alone Complex versions of the characters with Motoko and Tachikoma being a central focus. Various figures have been produced from CM Corporation,[43] and Kaitendo.[44] Tachikoma figures have been produced by various companies, including one by the Good Smile Company in cooperation with Nendoron.[45] Other merchandise includes clothing, key chains, notebooks, patches, bags, posters and body pillows.[46]
Impact and influence
The Wachowskis, creators of The Matrix trilogy, have stated that the first Ghost in the Shell film by Mamoru Oshii, influenced their work.[47] They showed the Ghost in the Shell to producer Joel Silver to indicate the style and look they wanted for The Matrix. James Cameron and Quentin Tarantino have also acknowledged the influence of Ghost in the Shell's rococo plots and stylized visuals.[48]
Multimedia adaptations
Ghost in the Shell has undergone many iterations since its original publishing in 1989, with Production I.G producing and animating the many versions, each with their own storylines and continuities.
Films
The manga was first adapted into a theatrical anime film in 1995 titled Ghost in the Shell (GHOST IN THE SHELL/攻殻機動隊, Gōsuto In Za Sheru/Kōkaku Kidōtai) and directed by Mamoru Oshii. The film portrays the events of Section 9 in its hunt to capture the hacker known as the Puppet Master. The film was updated in 2008 and re-released as Ghost in the Shell 2.0; the majority of the changes involved updating the computer graphics and re-recording the sound in 6.1 surround sound. The new version premiered on 12 July 2008 in Japan.[49] The film was followed by a sequel, also directed by Oshii, Ghost in the Shell 2: Innocence (simply Innocence (イノセンス) in Japan). Produced in 2004, it places the character of Batou in the lead role in an investigation of a cyborg-corporation called LOCUS SOLUS whose sex dolls malfunction and go on a killing spree. Kenji Kawai composed the scores for both films.
Stand Alone Complex
An anime television series titled Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex with a total of two seasons and one TV film. The series was written and directed by Kenji Kamiyama, airing on Animax from 1 October 2002 to 25 March 2003 with a total of 26 episodes. The second season titled Ghost in the Shell: S.A.C. 2nd GIG was also written and directed by Kamiyama. 2nd GIG aired on Animax from 1 January 2004 to 8 January 2005, with a total of 26 episodes.[50] The anime TV series was adapted into OVAs,[51] novels,[52] manga,[53] and video games[54] as well.
The Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex TV series was later followed by an OVA sequel, Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex: Solid State Society. Once again directed by Kamiyama, it premiered on the SKY Perfect satellite television network on September 1, 2006 as a TV movie.[55] It was also later aired as part of the SyFy Channel's Ani-Monday programming block.[56] Solid State Society was later remade in 3D and released theatrically on March 25, 2011.[57]
The scores for the Stand Alone Complex television series and OVA were composed by Yoko Kanno.
Four manga set in the Stand Alone Complex universe were written by Yu Kinutani and published by Random House Inc.[58]
Arise
A series of films titled Ghost in the Shell: Arise was announced on January 15, 2013. Like all other animated features of the franchise, it will be produced by Production I.G, now with Kazuchika Kise as chief director and Tow Ubukata as head writer. A special presentation with further details was streamed live worldwide on February 12 on Niconico, Bandai Channel and YouTube.[59] The series has been confirmed to be a prequel series and will release the first part in theaters on July 22, 2013.[60] Cornelius has composed the score for the Arise films.
A manga set in the Arise universe titled Ghost in the Shell: Arise ~Sleepless Eye~ (攻殻機動隊ARISE~眠らない眼の男 Sleepless Eye~, Kōkaku Kidōtai Araizu ~Nemuranai Me no Otoko Surīpuresu Ai~, literally "The Man With Eyes That Do Not Sleep") began serialization in Young Magazine in March 2013.[61][62] It is told from the perspective of Batou and how he came to be part of Section 9.
Live-action film
As of 2008, DreamWorks have acquired the rights to produce a live-action film adaptation of the original manga with Steven Spielberg. Avi Arad and Steven Paul are confirmed producers; Jamie Moss was originally hired to adapt the manga into a screenplay[63] but in October 2009 it was announced that Laeta Kalogridis had replaced Moss as writer.[64]
Video games
The PlayStation third-person shooter game Ghost in the Shell, loosely based on the first film and the manga, was developed by Exact and released on July 17, 1997 in Japan by Sony Computer Entertainment.[65] It was distributed by THQ and released on November 3, 1997 in North America.[66] Players take on the role of an unnamed Section 9 member referred to as 'Rookie' who pilots a Fuchikoma robot to stop the Human Liberation Movement. The soundtrack for the PlayStation game was released by Sony Music Entertainment Japan as Ghost in the Shell: Megatech Body in 1997, featuring artists such as Takkyu Ishino of Denki Groove, Mijk van Dijk, and Joey Beltram.[67] A 2 CD limited edition was released in Europe also in 1997.[68]
The PlayStation 2 game Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex, produced by Sony Computer Entertainment and developed by SCE Japan Studio and Cavia, was released to the United States on November 8, 2004.[69] The game is partly based on the events of the TV anime Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex. The player takes control of Motoko and Batou, to stop a terrorist organization. A PlayStation Portable (PSP) game also titled Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex was released to the United States on October 25, 2005, produced by Sony Computer Entertainment and developed by G-artists.[70] This game is a first-person shooter in which the player takes control of Section 9 members over various mission and is a sequel to the PlayStation 2 game Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex. It is an original story that uses the Stand Alone Complex timeline.[71]
On December 13, 2012, Nexon stated it had obtained the rights of Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex for the purpose of the creation of a massively multiplayer online game.[72] On February 12, 2013, the first details were released through Online Gamer Japan. Titled Ghost in the Shell Online with the possibility of a different name to come at a later point, the game will be an FPS with a heavy basis on customization of a cyberized body and hacking.[73]
Novels
Three novels were written and illustrated by Junichi Fujisaku who was one of the screenplay writers of the anime TV series. The novels were published by Dark Horse Comics. Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex Graphic Novel 1: The Lost Memory was released on April 26, 2006. Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex Graphic Novel 2: Revenge of the Cold Machines was released on September 16, 2006. Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex Graphic Novel 3: White Maze was released on November 08, 2006.
The novel Innocence: After the Long Goodbye (イノセンス After the Long Goodbye, Inosensu After the Long Goodbye) by Masaki Yamada serves as a prequel for Innocence. The story is written from Batou's perspective as he surrounds his search for his dog Gabriel (Gabu). It was published by Tokuma Shoten and released on February 29, 2004.[74] It was later published by Viz Media in the United States and released on October 2005.[75] Viz Media later released a four-volume ani-manga boxset on April 2005.[76]
References
- ^ "Into the Network: The Ghost in the Shell Universe". Production I.G. Retrieved January 08, 2013.
{{cite web}}
: Check date values in:|accessdate=
(help) - ^ "09.Bye Bye Clay". Ghost in the Shell.
- ^ "10.Brain Drain". Ghost in the Shell.
- ^ "11.Ghost Coast". Ghost in the Shell.
- ^ "An Interview with Masamune Shirow". Frederick L. Schodt. Retrieved 2012-12-08.
- ^ "Toren Smith's 2nd Interview with Masamune Shirow". Studio Proteus. Retrieved 2012-12-19.
- ^ "Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex Official Log 1", p. 9. Young Magazine Pirate Edition, 2003.
- ^ Ghost in the Shell 2: Man-Machine interface issue #11. p. 2.
- ^ "Web Interview Masamune Shirow". Kukaku.free.fr. Retrieved 2012-12-19.
- ^ a b "攻殻機動隊(1)" (in Japanese). Kodansha. Retrieved 2012-10-13.
- ^ "GHOST IN THE SHELL #1 (OF 8)". Dark Horse Comics. Retrieved 2012-10-12.
- ^ "GHOST IN THE SHELL #8 (OF 8)". Dark Horse Comics. Retrieved 2012-10-12.
- ^ a b "GHOST IN THE SHELL TPB". Dark Horse Comics. Retrieved 2012-10-12.
- ^ "GHOST IN THE SHELL 1 2ND EDITION TPB". Dark Horse Comics. Retrieved 2012-10-20.
- ^ "Ghost in the Shell Volume 1". Kodansha Comics USA. Retrieved 2012-10-31.
- ^ "攻殻機動隊SOLID BOX" (in Japanese). 7net. Retrieved 2012-10-13.
- ^ a b "攻殻機動隊2" (in Japanese). Kodansha. Retrieved 2012-10-13.
- ^ a b "Ghost in the Shell 2--The Dark Horse Interview". ICv2. Retrieved 2012-11-29.
- ^ "GHOST IN THE SHELL 2: MAN-MACHINE INTERFACE #1". Dark Horse Comics. Retrieved 2012-10-12.
- ^ "GHOST IN THE SHELL 2: MAN-MACHINE INTERFACE #11". Dark Horse Comics. Retrieved 2012-10-12.
- ^ "Ghost in the Shell 2: Man-Machine Interface". ICv2. Retrieved 2012-11-27.
- ^ a b "GHOST IN THE SHELL VOLUME 2: MAN-MACHINE INTERFACE TPB". Dark Horse Comics. Retrieved 2012-10-12.
- ^ "Ghost in the Shell Volume 2". Kodansha Comics USA. Retrieved 2012-10-31.
- ^ a b "攻殻機動隊1.5" (in Japanese). Kodansha. Retrieved 2012-10-13.
- ^ "CD‐ROM 攻殻機動隊1.5" (in Japanese). 7net. Retrieved 2012-11-10.
- ^ "Dark Horse Comic-Con Announcements". Anime News Network. Retrieved 2012-10-29.
- ^ "GHOST IN THE SHELL 1.5: HUMAN-ERROR PROCESSOR #1". Dark Horse Comics. Retrieved 2012-10-12.
- ^ "GHOST IN THE SHELL 1.5: HUMAN-ERROR PROCESSOR #8". Dark Horse Comics. Retrieved 2012-10-12.
- ^ a b "GHOST IN THE SHELL 1.5: HUMAN-ERROR PROCESSOR TPB". Dark Horse Comics. Retrieved 2012-10-12.
- ^ "Ghost in the Shell 1.5". Kodansha Comics USA. Retrieved 2012-10-31.
- ^ "攻殻機動隊 Cyberdelics" (in Japanese). Kodansha. Retrieved 2012-11-24.
- ^ "攻殻機動隊フチコマ立体図鑑" (in Japanese). Kodansha. Retrieved 2012-11-12.
- ^ "GHOST IN THE SHELL". Publishers Weekly. Retrieved 2012-11-29.
- ^ Douresseaux, Leroy. "The Ghost in the Shell: Volume 1". ComicBookBin. Retrieved 2012-11-13.
- ^ Gutiérrez, Peter. "The Ghost in the Shell, Vol. 1". Teanreads. Retrieved 2012-11-13.
- ^ "Ghost in the Shell". Read About Comics. Retrieved 2012-11-13.
- ^ "Diamond Announces Top Direct Market Performers". Anime News Network. Retrieved 2012-12-15.
- ^ Crandol, Mike. "Ghost in the Shell 2: Man-Machine Interface (manga)". Anime News Network. Retrieved 2012-10-29.
- ^ "GHOST IN THE SHELL 2: Man-Machine Interface". Publishers Weekly. Retrieved 2012-11-29.
- ^ "New York Times Manga Best Seller List, October 7-13". Anime News Network. Retrieved 2012-10-30.
- ^ "AICN Anime-Sci-Fi Reviews of Ghost in the Shell 1.5 and Freedom (Featuring Design by Akira's Katsuhiro Otomo)". Ain't It Cool News. Retrieved 2012-11-18.
- ^ "攻殻機動隊フチコマ立体図鑑" (in Japanese). Kodansha. Retrieved 2012-11-12.
- ^ "Gutto kuru Figure Collection Kusanagi Motoko (PVC Figure)". Retrieved January 06, 2013.
{{cite web}}
: Check date values in:|accessdate=
(help) - ^ "Ghost in the shell Stand Alone Complex Kusanagi Motoko (PVC Figure)". Retrieved January 06, 2013.
{{cite web}}
: Check date values in:|accessdate=
(help) - ^ "Nendoroid Tachikoma". Good Smile Company. Retrieved January 06, 2013.
{{cite web}}
: Check date values in:|accessdate=
(help) - ^ "Ghost in the Shell Store : Merchandise". GKWorld. Retrieved January 06, 2013.
{{cite web}}
: Check date values in:|accessdate=
(help) - ^ WarnerVideo.com, Interview with the Wachowski siblings, Warner Brothers Studios, Official Website.
- ^ Mann, Charles (September 2004). "The Giants of Anime are Coming". Wired. Retrieved November 29, 2012.
- ^ "Ghost in the Shell to Return to Japanese Theaters". Anime News Network. Retrieved November 9, 2011.
- ^ "Staff & Cast". Production I.G. Archived from the original on 09-02-2011. Retrieved 09-02-2010.
{{cite web}}
: Check date values in:|accessdate=
and|archivedate=
(help) - ^ "攻殻機動隊 STAND ALONE COMPLEX The Laughing Man(Blu-ray)" (in Japanese). Jbook. Retrieved 2012-02-13.
- ^ "攻殻機動隊 虚夢回路" (in Japanese). Tokuma Shoten. Retrieved 2011-11-06.
- ^ "Ghost in the Shell: SAC to Spawn 2 New Manga in Japan (Updated)". Anime News Network. November 7, 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-04.
- ^ "Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex". IGN. Retrieved 2012-12-19.
- ^ "Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex Solid State Society Overview". Production I.G. November 24, 2006. Retrieved November 8, 2011.
- ^ "Ani-Monday HOME". NBC Universal. Retrieved 2012-01-23.
- ^ Saabedra, Humberto (2010-11-22). "Ghost in the Shell Solid State Society 3D Screening in March 2011". AnimeNews.biz. Retrieved 2012-01-23.
- ^ "Yu Kinutani (Works)". Random House. Retrieved January 06, 2013.
{{cite web}}
: Check date values in:|accessdate=
(help) - ^ "Ghost in the Shell Arise Anime to Launch in 2013". Anime News Network. January 15, 2013. Retrieved 2013-01-15.
- ^ "Ghost in the Shell Arise Anime's Details Outlined (Update 3)". Anime News Network. February 19, 2013. Retrieved 2013-02-19.
- ^ "「攻殻機動隊ARISE」コミカライズ 月刊ヤングマガジンで連載開始 公安9課以前を描く | アニメ!アニメ!". Animeanime.jp. Retrieved 2013-03-13.
- ^ "6月22日から映画「攻殻機動隊ARISE GHOST IN THE SHELL」全4部作公開". Gigazine. Retrieved 2013-03-13.
- ^ Siegel, Tatiana; Fleming, Michael (April 14, 2008). "DreamWorks to make 'Ghost' in 3-D". Variety.com. Retrieved November 9, 2011.
- ^ Siegel, Tatiana (October 22, 2009). "Kalogridis to adapt 'Ghost in the Shell'". Variety.com. Retrieved November 9, 2011.
- ^ "攻殻機動隊 GHOST IN THE SHELL". Sony Computer Entertainment. Retrieved 2012-12-19.
- ^ "Ghost in the Shell". IGN. Retrieved 2012-11-25.
- ^ "世界中で絶賛されている近未来SFコミックス「攻殻機動隊」のプレイステーション・ゲームのSound [Techno] Trax。". Sony Music Entertainment Japan. Retrieved January 4, 2013.
- ^ "Various – Ghost In The Shell - PlayStation Soundtrack". Retrieved 2013-04-12.
- ^ "Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex". IGN. Retrieved January 04, 2013.
{{cite web}}
: Check date values in:|accessdate=
(help) - ^ "Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex". IGN. Retrieved January 04, 2013.
{{cite web}}
: Check date values in:|accessdate=
(help) - ^ "Ghost in the Shell Stand Alone Complex interview". Siliconera. Retrieved January 08, 2013.
{{cite web}}
: Check date values in:|accessdate=
(help) - ^ "Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex Online Game Coming From Nexon". Siliconera. Ishaan. Retrieved 20 February 2013.
{{cite web}}
:|first=
missing|last=
(help) - ^ "Ghost in the Shell Online Game Is An FPS With A Focus On Hacking". Siliconera. Siliconera. Retrieved 20 February 2013.
{{cite web}}
:|first=
missing|last=
(help) - ^ "イノセンス After the Long Goodbye" (in Japanese). Tokuma Shoten. Retrieved 11-25-12.
{{cite web}}
: Check date values in:|accessdate=
(help) - ^ "Ghost in the Shell 2: Innocence (Novel-Hard cover)". Viz Media. Retrieved 11-25-12.
{{cite web}}
: Check date values in:|accessdate=
(help) - ^ "Ghost in the Shell 2: Innocence Ani-Manga". ICv2. Retrieved 11-27-12.
{{cite web}}
: Check date values in:|accessdate=
(help)