Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Activating transcription factor 6 , also known as ATF6 , is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the ATF6 gene [5] [6] [7] and is involved in the unfolded protein response .
Function
ATF6 is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-regulated transmembrane transcription factor that activates the transcription of ER molecules.[8] Accumulation of misfolded proteins in the Endoplasmic Reticulum results in the proteolytic cleavage of ATF6. The cytosolic portion of ATF6 will move to the nucleus and act as a transcription factor to cause the transcription of ER chaperones.
See also
Interactions
ATF6 has been shown to interact with YY1 [9] and Serum response factor .[6]
References
^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000118217 – Ensembl , May 2017
^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000026663 – Ensembl , May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:" . National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine .
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:" . National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine .
^ Hai TW, Liu F, Coukos WJ, Green MR (December 1989). "Transcription factor ATF cDNA clones: an extensive family of leucine zipper proteins able to selectively form DNA-binding heterodimers" . Genes Dev . 3 (12B): 2083–90. doi :10.1101/gad.3.12b.2083 . PMID 2516827 .
^ a b Zhu C, Johansen FE, Prywes R (September 1997). "Interaction of ATF6 and serum response factor" . Mol. Cell. Biol . 17 (9): 4957–66. doi :10.1128/MCB.17.9.4957 . PMC 232347 . PMID 9271374 .
^ Meex SJ, van Greevenbroek MM, Ayoubi TA, Vlietinck R, van Vliet-Ostaptchouk JV, Hofker MH, Vermeulen VM, Schalkwijk CG, Feskens EJ, Boer JM, Stehouwer CD, van der Kallen CJ, de Bruin TW (July 2007). "Activating transcription factor 6 polymorphisms and haplotypes are associated with impaired glucose homeostasis and type 2 diabetes in Dutch Caucasians" . J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab . 92 (7): 2720–5. doi :10.1210/jc.2006-2280 . PMID 17440018 .
^ "Entrez Gene: ATF6 activating transcription factor 6" .
^ Li M, Baumeister P, Roy B, Phan T, Foti D, Luo S, Lee AS (2000). "ATF6 as a transcription activator of the endoplasmic reticulum stress element: thapsigargin stress-induced changes and synergistic interactions with NF-Y and YY1" . Mol. Cell. Biol . 20 (14): 5096–106. doi :10.1128/MCB.20.14.5096-5106.2000 . PMC 85959 . PMID 10866666 .
Further reading
Hai T, Hartman MG (2001). "The molecular biology and nomenclature of the activating transcription factor/cAMP responsive element binding family of transcription factors: activating transcription factor proteins and homeostasis". Gene . 273 (1): 1–11. doi :10.1016/S0378-1119(01)00551-0 . PMID 11483355 .
Hai TW, Liu F, Coukos WJ, Green MR (1990). "Transcription factor ATF cDNA clones: an extensive family of leucine zipper proteins able to selectively form DNA-binding heterodimers" . Genes Dev . 3 (12B): 2083–90. doi :10.1101/gad.3.12b.2083 . PMID 2516827 .
Zhu C, Johansen FE, Prywes R (1997). "Interaction of ATF6 and serum response factor" . Mol. Cell. Biol . 17 (9): 4957–66. doi :10.1128/MCB.17.9.4957 . PMC 232347 . PMID 9271374 .
Yoshida H, Haze K, Yanagi H, Yura T, Mori K (1999). "Identification of the cis-acting endoplasmic reticulum stress response element responsible for transcriptional induction of mammalian glucose-regulated proteins. Involvement of basic leucine zipper transcription factors" . J. Biol. Chem . 273 (50): 33741–9. doi :10.1074/jbc.273.50.33741 . PMID 9837962 .
Haze K, Yoshida H, Yanagi H, Yura T, Mori K (1999). "Mammalian Transcription Factor ATF6 Is Synthesized as a Transmembrane Protein and Activated by Proteolysis in Response to Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress" . Mol. Biol. Cell . 10 (11): 3787–99. doi :10.1091/mbc.10.11.3787 . PMC 25679 . PMID 10564271 .
Li M, Baumeister P, Roy B, Phan T, Foti D, Luo S, Lee AS (2000). "ATF6 as a Transcription Activator of the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Element: Thapsigargin Stress-Induced Changes and Synergistic Interactions with NF-Y and YY1" . Mol. Cell. Biol . 20 (14): 5096–106. doi :10.1128/MCB.20.14.5096-5106.2000 . PMC 85959 . PMID 10866666 .
Yoshida H, Okada T, Haze K, Yanagi H, Yura T, Negishi M, Mori K (2001). "Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Induced Formation of Transcription Factor Complex ERSF Including NF-Y (CBF) and Activating Transcription Factors 6α and 6β That Activates the Mammalian Unfolded Protein Response" . Mol. Cell. Biol . 21 (4): 1239–48. doi :10.1128/MCB.21.4.1239-1248.2001 . PMC 99577 . PMID 11158310 .
Ye J, Rawson RB, Komuro R, Chen X, Davé UP, Prywes R, Brown MS, Goldstein JL (2001). "ER stress induces cleavage of membrane-bound ATF6 by the same proteases that process SREBPs" . Mol. Cell . 6 (6): 1355–64. doi :10.1016/S1097-2765(00)00133-7 . PMID 11163209 .
Parker R, Phan T, Baumeister P, Roy B, Cheriyath V, Roy AL, Lee AS (2001). "Identification of TFII-I as the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response Element Binding Factor ERSF: Its Autoregulation by Stress and Interaction with ATF6" . Mol. Cell. Biol . 21 (9): 3220–33. doi :10.1128/MCB.21.9.3220-3233.2001 . PMC 86961 . PMID 11287625 .
Gotoh T, Oyadomari S, Mori K, Mori M (2002). "Nitric oxide-induced apoptosis in RAW 264.7 macrophages is mediated by endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway involving ATF6 and CHOP" . J. Biol. Chem . 277 (14): 12343–50. doi :10.1074/jbc.M107988200 . PMID 11805088 .
Chen X, Shen J, Prywes R (2002). "The luminal domain of ATF6 senses endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and causes translocation of ATF6 from the ER to the Golgi" . J. Biol. Chem . 277 (15): 13045–52. doi :10.1074/jbc.M110636200 . PMID 11821395 .
Thuerauf DJ, Morrison LE, Hoover H, Glembotski CC (2002). "Coordination of ATF6-mediated transcription and ATF6 degradation by a domain that is shared with the viral transcription factor, VP16" . J. Biol. Chem . 277 (23): 20734–9. doi :10.1074/jbc.M201749200 . PMID 11909875 .
Okada T, Yoshida H, Akazawa R, Negishi M, Mori K (2002). "Distinct roles of activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) and double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) in transcription during the mammalian unfolded protein response" . Biochem. J . 366 (Pt 2): 585–94. doi :10.1042/BJ20020391 . PMC 1222788 . PMID 12014989 .
Luo S, Lee AS (2002). "Requirement of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling pathway for the induction of the 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein/immunoglobulin heavy-chain binding protein by azetidine stress: activating transcription factor 6 as a target for stress-induced phosphorylation" . Biochem. J . 366 (Pt 3): 787–95. doi :10.1042/BJ20011802 . PMC 1222838 . PMID 12076252 .
Tardif KD, Mori K, Siddiqui A (2002). "Hepatitis C Virus Subgenomic Replicons Induce Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Activating an Intracellular Signaling Pathway" . J. Virol . 76 (15): 7453–9. doi :10.1128/JVI.76.15.7453-7459.2002 . PMC 136367 . PMID 12097557 .
Shuda M, Kondoh N, Imazeki N, Tanaka K, Okada T, Mori K, Hada A, Arai M, Wakatsuki T, Matsubara O, Yamamoto N, Yamamoto M (2004). "Activation of the ATF6, XBP1 and grp78 genes in human hepatocellular carcinoma: a possible involvement of the ER stress pathway in hepatocarcinogenesis". J. Hepatol . 38 (5): 605–14. doi :10.1016/S0168-8278(03)00029-1 . PMID 12713871 .
Okada T, Haze K, Nadanaka S, Yoshida H, Seidah NG, Hirano Y, Sato R, Negishi M, Mori K (2003). "A serine protease inhibitor prevents endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced cleavage but not transport of the membrane-bound transcription factor ATF6" . J. Biol. Chem . 278 (33): 31024–32. doi :10.1074/jbc.M300923200 . PMID 12782636 .
Newman JR, Keating AE (2003). "Comprehensive identification of human bZIP interactions with coiled-coil arrays" . Science . 300 (5628): 2097–101. Bibcode :2003Sci...300.2097N . doi :10.1126/science.1084648 . PMID 12805554 . S2CID 36715183 .
External links
This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine , which is in the public domain .
(1) Basic domains
(1.1) Basic leucine zipper (bZIP )(1.2) Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH )
Group A Group B Group C bHLH-PAS Group D Group E Group F bHLH-COE
(1.3) bHLH-ZIP (1.4) NF-1 (1.5) RF-X (1.6) Basic helix-span-helix (bHSH)
(2) Zinc finger DNA-binding domains
(2.1) Nuclear receptor (Cys4 )
subfamily 1 subfamily 2 subfamily 3 subfamily 4 subfamily 5 subfamily 6 subfamily 0
(2.2) Other Cys4 (2.3) Cys2 His2 (2.4) Cys6 (2.5) Alternating composition (2.6) WRKY
(4) β-Scaffold factors with minor groove contacts
(0) Other transcription factors
Activates Is activated by stress