![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Spring_in_the_Trenches%2C_Ridge_Wood%2C_1917_Art.IWMART1154.jpg/220px-Spring_in_the_Trenches%2C_Ridge_Wood%2C_1917_Art.IWMART1154.jpg)
A war artist is an artist either commissioned by a government or publication, or self-motivated, to document first-hand experience of war in any form of illustrative or depictive record.[1][2][3] War artists explore the visual and sensory dimensions of war, often absent in written histories or other accounts of warfare.[4]
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1978-037-09A%2C_Frankreich%2C_Kriegsmaler.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1978-037-09A%2C_Frankreich%2C_Kriegsmaler.jpg)
These artists may be involved in war as onlookers to the scenes, military personnel, or as specifically commissioned to be present and record military activity.[5]
Artists record military activities in ways that cameras and the written word cannot. Their art collects and distills the experiences of the people who endured it.[6] The artists and their artwork affect how subsequent generations view military conflicts. For example, Australian war artists who grew up between the two world wars were influenced by the artwork which depicted the First World War, and there was a precedent and format for them to follow.[7]
Official war artists have been appointed by governments for information or propaganda purposes and to record events on the battlefield,[8] but there are many other types of war artists. These can include combatants who are artists and choose to record their experiences, non-combatants who are witnesses of war, and prisoners of war who may voluntarily record the conditions or be appointed war artists by senior officers.
In New Zealand, the title of appointed "war artist" is "army artist". In the United States, the term "combat artist" has come to be used to mean the same thing.[9][10]
Some examples and their background
- William Simpson was an artist-correspondent who sent artwork to London from the front during the Crimean War.[11]
- Alfred Waud was an American Civil War pictorial newspaper illustrator.
- Ogata Gekkō and Tsuguharu Foujita created woodblock prints for Japanese publications.
- Ronald Searle recorded life in Japanese POW camps.[12][13]
- Emmanuel Leutze's 1851 studio painting of Washington Crossing the Delaware is historically incorrect, and Leutze was born decades after the event his painting depicts, but this work has become an icon of popular culture.
War artists by nationality
Argentine
- Cándido López (1840–1902), Paraguayan War
Australian
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Australians_and_New_Zealanders_at_Klerksdorp_24_March_1901_by_Charles_Hammond.jpg/220px-Australians_and_New_Zealanders_at_Klerksdorp_24_March_1901_by_Charles_Hammond.jpg)
War artists have depicted all the conflicts in which Australians have been called to combat. The Australian tradition of "official war artists" started with the First World War. Artists were granted permission to accompany the Australian Imperial Force to record the activities of its soldiers. During the Second World War, the Australian War Museum, later called the Australian War Memorial, engaged artists. At the same time, the Royal Australian Navy, Australian Army, and Royal Australian Air Force appointed official war artist-soldiers from within their ranks.[14] These embedded war artists have depicted the activities of Australian forces in Korea, Vietnam, East Timor, Afghanistan, and Iraq.
The ranks of non-soldier artists like George Gittoes continue to create artwork which becomes a commentary on Australia's military actions in war.[15]
- Selected artists
A select list of representative Australian artists includes:
Austrian
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Fall_of_Nelson.jpg/220px-Fall_of_Nelson.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Isandhlwana.jpg/220px-Isandhlwana.jpg)
British
British participation in foreign wars has been the subject of paintings and other works created by Britain's war artists. Artwork like the 1688 painting,The Fleet at Sea by Willem van de Velde the Younger depict the Royal Navy in readiness for battle. The Ministry of Defence art collection includes many paintings showing battle scenes, particularly naval battles.[32] Military art and portraiture has evolved along with other aspects of war. The British official war artists of the First World War created a unique account of that conflict. The British War Artists Scheme expanded the number of official artists and enlarged the scope of their activities during the Second War.[33]
Significant themes in the chronicle of twentieth-century wars have been developed by non-military, non-official, civilian artists. For example, society portraitist Arabella Dorman's paintings of wounded Iraq War veterans inspired her to spend two weeks with three regiments in different frontline areas: the Green Jackets at Basra Palace, the Queen's Own Gurkhas at Shaibah Logistics Base ten miles south-west of Basra, and the Queen's Royal Lancers in the Maysaan desert. In the field, Dorman drew quick charcoal portraits of the men she met. Returning to England, the sketches she made helped her use art to "evoke the emotions and psychological impact of war," rather than depicting the "physical horror" of war.[34]
- Selected artists
A select list of representative British artists includes:
Belgian
First World War
- Alfred Bastien, 1873—1955[81]
Canadian
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/A._Y._Jackson_-_Gas_Attack%2C_Lievin.jpeg/220px-A._Y._Jackson_-_Gas_Attack%2C_Lievin.jpeg)
Representative works by Canada's artists whose work illustrates and records war are gathered into the extensive collection of the Canadian War Museum. The earliest war art in Canada was rock art created by Indigenous peoples from all regions of the country.[82] During the colonial period, large-scale, European-style paintings of war dominated New France and British North America.[82] The First and Second World Wars saw a dramatic increase in the production of war art in every medium.[82] A few First World War paintings were exhibited in the Senate of Canada Chamber, and artists studied these works as a way of preparing to create new artworks in the conflict in Europe which expanded after 1939.[83]
"The war art commissions brought intense focus to the observation of Canada's role in international conflict... A driving need for a strong national identity urged First and Second World War artists toward symbolism. While these vivid images are of a now distant past, they continue to communicate their messages to us, and so never lose their relevance."[84]
In the Second World War, Canada expanded its official art program;[83] Canadian war artists were a kind of journalist who lived the lives of soldiers.[84] The work of non-official civilian artists also became part of the record of this period. Canada supported Canadian official war artists in both the First World War and the Second World War; no official artists were designated during the Korean War.[85]
Among Canada's embedded artist-journalist teams was Richard Johnson, who was sent by the National Post to Afghanistan in 2007 and 2011; his drawings of Canadian troops were published and posted online as part of the series "Kandahar Journal".[86]
Prominent themes explored by Canadian war artists include commemoration, identity, women, Indigenous representation, propaganda, protest, violence, and religion.[87]
- Selected artists
A select list of representative Canadian artists includes:
First World War
- John William Beatty, 1869–1941[84]
- Alexander Young Jackson CC CMG, 1882–1974[84]
- Arthur Lismer CC, 1885–1969[84]
Capt. Will Ogilvie, Official army war artist, with some of his paintings, 9 February 1944 - Frederick Varley, 1881–1969[84]
- Mabel May, 1877-1971[88]
- Marion Long, 1882–1970[87]
Second World War
- Eric Aldwinckle, 1909-1980[89]
- Donald Kenneth Anderson, 1920–2009[90]
- Harold Beament, 1898-1985
- Alan Brockman Beddoe OC OBE HFHS FHSC, 1893–1975[91]
- Molly Lamb Bobak CM ONB, 1922–2014 [92]
- Paraskeva Clark[93]
- David Alexander Colville PC CC ONS, 1920–2013[94]
- Charles Fraser Comfort OC, 1900–1994[95]
- Charles Goldhamer, 1903–1985
- Paul Goranson, 1911–2002
- Lawren P. Harris, 1910-1994
- William Abernethy Ogilvie CM MBE, 1901–1989
- George Campbell Tinning RCA, 1910-1996[96]
- Jack Shadbolt OC OBC, 1909–1998[84]
Recent conflicts
- Richard Johnson, b. 1966
- Edward Zuber, 1932–2018[97]
Chilean
- Nicolás Guzmán Bustamante (1850–1928), chiefly painting the War of the Pacific and the Conquest of Chile
Chinese
Dutch
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Willem_van_de_Velde%2C_by_Gerard_Sibelius_after_Godfrey_Kneller-2.jpg/220px-Willem_van_de_Velde%2C_by_Gerard_Sibelius_after_Godfrey_Kneller-2.jpg)
Finnish
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Sotavirkailija_Kari_Suomalainen.jpg/220px-Sotavirkailija_Kari_Suomalainen.jpg)
World War II
- Kari Suomalainen (1920-1999), Finland's most famous editorial cartoonist, worked as a war artist during World War II.[98]
Flemish
- Vincent Adriaenssen
- Pieter van Bloemen
- Frans Breydel
- Karel Breydel
- Jasper Broers
- Laureys a Castro
- Nicolaas van Eyck
- Frans Geffels
- Robert van den Hoecke
- Lambert de Hondt the Elder
- Jan Baptist van der Meiren
- Adam Frans van der Meulen
- Pieter Meulener
- Arnold Frans Rubens
- Lucas Smout the Younger
- Peter Snayers
- Jan Snellinck
- Jan Peeter Verdussen
- Pieter Verdussen
- Sebastiaen Vrancx
- Cornelis de Wael
French
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Eug%C3%A8ne_Chigot_%281860-1923%29%2C_Le_port_de_Calais_%281917%29_%2C_oil%2C_on_canvas%2C_37_x_54_cm.jpg/250px-Eug%C3%A8ne_Chigot_%281860-1923%29%2C_Le_port_de_Calais_%281917%29_%2C_oil%2C_on_canvas%2C_37_x_54_cm.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b0/Salon_des_Arm%C3%A9es%2C_exhibition_poster%2C_1916.jpg/170px-Salon_des_Arm%C3%A9es%2C_exhibition_poster%2C_1916.jpg)
During the First World War, the work of artists depicting aspects of the military conflict were put on display in official war art exhibitions.[99] In 1916 the Ministry of Beaux-Arts and the Ministry of War sponsored the Salon des Armées to show the work of the artists who had been mobilized. This one exhibition realized 60,000 francs. The proceeds supported needy artists at home and the disabled.[99]
- Hippolyte Bellangé
- Nicolas Toussaint Charlet
- Eugène Chigot
- Edouard Detaille
- Antoine-Jean Gros
- Constantin Guys
- Eugène Louis Lami
- Louis-François, Baron Lejeune
- Jean-Louis-Ernest Meissonier
- Alphonse-Marie de Neuville
- Paul Philippoteaux
- Paul Alexandre Protais
- Denis Auguste Marie Raffet
- Carle Vernet
- Horace Vernet
- Antoine Watteau
- Adolphe Yvon
German
Franco-Prussian War
First World War
Second World War
Recent conflicts
- Frauke Eigen, b. 1969[104][105]
Japanese
- Kubota Beisen, 1852–1906[106]
- Toyohara Chikanobu, 1838–1912[107]
- Tsuguharu Foujita, 1886–1968[108]
- Ogata Gekkō, 1859–1920[109]
- Toshihide Migita, 1862–1925[110]
- Utagawa Yoshiiku, 1833–1904[111]
Korean
- Kim Seong-hwan, 1932– [112]
New Zealand
War artists have been appointed by the government to supplement the record of New Zealand's military history.[113] The title of "war artist" changed to "army artist" when Ion Brown was appointed after the two world wars.[114]
Conservators at the National Art Gallery considered the collection to be of historic rather than artistic worth; few were displayed.[115] New Zealand's National Collection of War Art encompasses the work of artists who were working on commission for the Government as official war artists, while others created artworks for their own reasons.[116]
- Selected artists
A select list of representative New Zealand artists includes:
First World War
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/George_Edmund_Butler_-_Bellevue_Ridge.jpg/220px-George_Edmund_Butler_-_Bellevue_Ridge.jpg)
- George Edmund Butler[117]
- Nugent Herman[114]
Second World War
- James Boswell, 1906–1971[118]
- Russell Clark, 1905–1966[119]
- John McIndoe, 1898–1995;[120]
- Peter McIntyre OBE, 1910–1995[121]
Recent conflicts
- Graham Braddock[114]
- Ion Brown,[122] Bosnia and Croatia[114]
- Matthew Gauldie,[123] Solomon Islands and Afghanistan[124]
Romanian
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/1917_-_Ion_Stoica_Dumitrescu_-_Ultimul_atac_al_gornistului_r%C4%83nit_Marele_Razboi.jpg/220px-1917_-_Ion_Stoica_Dumitrescu_-_Ultimul_atac_al_gornistului_r%C4%83nit_Marele_Razboi.jpg)
Russian
- Mikhail Avilov
- Nikolai Baskakov
- Lev Chegorovsky
- Vladimir Chekalov
- Aleksandr Deyneka
- Nikolai Dmitriev-Orenburgsky
- Rudolf Frentz
- Nikolay Karazin
- Aleksey Kivshenko
- Victor Korovin
- Alexander Kotzebue
- Lev Lagorio
- Viktor Poltavets
- Franz Roubaud
- Nikolai Samokish
- Alexander Sauerweid
- Nikolay Sauerweid
- Vasily Vereshchagin
- Bogdan Willewalde
Serbian
- Mihailo Milovanović (1879-1941), one of the most distinguished artists in World War I
- Veljko Stanojević (1892-1967)
- Kosta Miličević (1877-1920)
- Živorad Nastasijević (1895-1966)
- Nadežda Petrović succumbed to typhus fever in 1915
- Natalija Cvetković (1888-1928)
- Beta Vukanović survived as a widow and lived to be 100.
- Rista Vukanović is the husband of Beta Vukanović. He died in 1918
- Miodrag Petrović (1888-1950)
- Todor Švrakić
- Vladimir Becić who early in his career joined the Serbian Army
- Ana Marinković (1881-1973)
South African
- Neville Lewis (World War II)
Spanish
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Ferrer-Dalmau_en_Afganist%C3%A1n_2012.jpg/220px-Ferrer-Dalmau_en_Afganist%C3%A1n_2012.jpg)
- Francisco de Goya, e.g., The Disasters of War, The Third of May 1808, 1810s
- Pablo Picasso, Guernica, 1937.
- Augusto Ferrer-Dalmau 1964[125]
United States
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Thomas_C._Lea_III_-_That_Two-Thousand_Yard_Stare_-_Original.jpg/220px-Thomas_C._Lea_III_-_That_Two-Thousand_Yard_Stare_-_Original.jpg)
The American panorama created by artists whose work focuses on war began with a visual account of the American Revolutionary War. The war artist or combat artist captures instantaneous action and conflates earlier moments of the same scene within one compelling image. Artists are unlike the objective camera lens, which records only a single instant and no more.[126]
In 1917 the American military designated American official war artists who were sent to Europe to record the activities of the American Expeditionary Forces.[127]
In World War II, the Navy Combat Art Program ensured that active-duty artists developed a record of all phases of the war and all major naval operations.[126]
The official war artist continued to be supported in some military engagements. Teams of soldier-artists during the Vietnam War created pictorial accounts and interpretations for the annals of army military history.[128] In 1992 the Army Staff Artist Program was attached to the United States Army Center of Military History as a permanent part of the Museum Division's Collections Branch.[127]
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d9/Michael_Fay_USMC_war_artist.jpg/220px-Michael_Fay_USMC_war_artist.jpg)
The majority of combat artists of the 1970s were selected by George Gray, chairman of NACAL, Navy Air Cooperation and Liaison committee. Some of their paintings will be selected for the Navy Combat Art Museum in the capital by Charles Lawrence, director. In January 1978 the U.S. Navy chose a seascape specialist team: they asked Patricia Yaps and Wayne Dean, both of Milford, Connecticut, to capture air-sea rescue missions off of Key West while they were based at the nearby Naval Air Station Key West. They were among 78 artists selected that year to create works of art depicting Navy subjects.[129][130][131]
- Selected artists
A select list of representative American artists includes:
Vietnam era
Soldier Artist Participants in the U. S. Army Vietnam Combat Artists Program
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/VietnamCombatArtCAT01JohnOWehrleLandingZone.jpg/220px-VietnamCombatArtCAT01JohnOWehrleLandingZone.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/USMC-12176.jpg/220px-USMC-12176.jpg)
- CAT I, 15 Aug – 15 Dec 1966, Roger A. Blum (Stillwell, KS), Robert C. Knight (Newark, NJ), Ronald E. Pepin (East Hartford, CT), Paul Rickert (Philadelphia, PA), Felix R. Sanchez (Fort Madison, IA), John O. Wehrle (Dallas, TX), and supervisor, Frank M. Sherman
- CAT II, 15 Oct 1966 – 15 Feb 1967, Augustine G. Acuna (Monterey, CA), Alexander A. Bogdanovich (Chicago, IL), Theodore E. Drendel (Naperville, IL), David M. Lavender (Houston, TX), Gary W. Porter (El Cajon, CA), and supervisor, Carolyn M. O'Brien
- CAT III, 16 Feb – 17 June 1967, Michael R. Crook (Sierra Madre, CA), Dennis O. McGee (Castro Valley, CA), Robert T. Myers (White Sands Missile Range, NM), Kenneth J. Scowcroft (Manassas, VA), Stephen H. Sheldon (Los Angeles, CA), and supervisor, C. Bruce Smyser
- CAT IV, 15 Aug – 31 Dec 1967, Samuel E. Alexander (Philadelphia, MS), Daniel T. Lopez (Fresno, CA), Burdell Moody (Mesa, AZ), James R. Pollock (Pollock, SD), Ronald A. Wilson (Alhambra, CA), and technical supervisor, Frank M. Thomas
- CAT V, 1 Nov 1967 – 15 March 1968, Warren W. Buchanan (Kansas City, MO), Philip V. Garner (Dearborn, MI), Phillip W. Jones (Greensboro, NC), Don R. Schol (Denton, TX), John R. Strong (Kanehoe, HI), and technical supervisor, Frank M. Thomas
- CAT VI, 1 Feb – 15 June 1968, Robert T. Coleman (Grand Rapids, MI), David N. Fairrington (Oakland, CA), John D. Kurtz IV (Wilmington, DE), Kenneth T. McDaniel (Paris, TN), Michael P. Pala (Bridgeport, CT)
- CAT VII, 15 Aug – 31 Dec 1968, Brian H. Clark (Huntington, NY), William E. Flaherty Jr. (Louisville, KY), William C. Harrington (Terre Haute, IN), Barry W. Johnston (Huntsville, AL), Stephen H. Randall (Des Moines, IA), and supervisor, Fitzallen N. Yow
- CAT VIII, 1 Feb – 15 June 1969, Edward J. Bowen (Carona Del Mar, CA), James R. Drake (Colorado Springs, CO), Roman Rakowsky (Cleveland, OH), Victory V. Reynolds (Idaho Falls, ID), Thomas B. Schubert (Chicago, IL), and supervisor, Fred B. Engel
- CAT IX, 1 Sept 1969 – 14 Jan 1970, David E. Graves (Lawrence, KS), James S. Hardy (Coronado, CA), William R. Hoettels (San Antonio, TX), Bruce N. Rigby (Dekalb, IL), Craig L. Stewart (Laurel, MD), and supervisor, Edward C. Williams
Recent conflicts
- Kristopher Battles, Iraq and Afghanistan[9]
- Henry Casselli[150]
- Michael D. Fay, Iraq and Afghanistan[9]
- Victor Juhasz, Afghanistan[151]
See also
Notes
- ^ "War artists". Tate.
- ^ Jane Bingham, War and Conflict, Raintree - 2006, pages 30-35
- ^ Imperial War Museum (IWM), header phrase, "war shapes lives"
- ^ Australian War Memorial (AWM): Australian official war artists
- ^ Holmes, Richard; Strachan, Hew; Bellamy, Chris; Bicheno, Hugh (January 26, 2001). The Oxford Companion to Military History. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-866209-9 – via Google Books.
- ^ U.S. Naval Historical Center (NHHC), "World War II Navy Art: A Vision of History,", 2001
- ^ Reid, John B. (1977). Australian Artists at War, Vol. 2, p. 5.
- ^ National Archives (UK), "'The Art of War,' Learn About the Art."
- ^ a b c "With Sketchpads and Guns, Semper Fi";
- ^ "Marine Art". The New York Times. 2010-07-14. Retrieved 2012-07-15.
- ^ Harrington, Peter. "The First True War Artist," MHQ: The Quarterly Journal of Military History, Vol. 9, No. 1, Autumn 1996, pp. 100–109.
- ^ a b Steve Bell (2010-03-09). "Ronald Searle: a life in pictures". London: Guardian. Retrieved 2012-07-15.
- ^ Grove, Valerie. "Aged 90, Ronald Searle recalls the bad girls of St Trinian's,"The Times (London). February 20, 2010.
- ^ Wilkins, Lola. "Interpreting the war: Australia's Second World War art." CWM, 2005.
- ^ a b Strauss, David Levi. "George Gittoes with David Levi Strauss," The Brooklyn Rail (New York). July 8, 2010; Order of Australia, George Gittoes, AM, excerpt of citation, "For service to art and international relations as an artist and photographer portraying the effects on the environment of war, international disasters and heavy industry".
- ^ AWM: Australia and the Boer War, 1899–1902; The incident for which Captain Howse was awarded the VC in Vredefort, July 1900 by William Dargie (1968, oil on paper on board, 25.5 x 35.5 cm), AWM ART29246
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j "World War I, official artists". Awm.gov.au. Retrieved 2012-07-15.
- ^ Gray, Anne. (1986). "McCubbin, Louis Frederick (1890–1952)," Australian Dictionary of Biography, Vol. 10, pp. 243–244; excerpt, "Appointed an official war artist under the Australian Records Section scheme to the 3rd Division, he visited scenes of battles with Wallace Anderson and Charles Web Gilbert after the war to collect data for proposed dioramas.
- ^ a b c d e f "Second World War, official artists". Awm.gov.au. Retrieved 2012-07-15.
- ^ "Australian official war artists - Second World War | Australian War Memorial". www.awm.gov.au.
- ^ Gill Clarke (2008). The Women's Land Army A Portrait. Sansom & Company. ISBN 978-1-904537-87-8.
- ^ Colahan, Colin – Australian War Memorial; An article and images of Colahan's war art compiled by Garry Kinnane., Journal of the Australian War Memorial, retrieved 2011-08-31
- ^ "William Dobell" (in French). Civilization.ca. Retrieved 2012-07-15.
- ^ "Russell Drysdale" (in French). Civilization.ca. Retrieved 2012-07-15.
- ^ Richard Eurich, The Official Website of Richard Eurich R.A., retrieved 2011-08-11
- ^ Haese, Richard; Serle, Alan Geoffrey (1983). 'Herbert, Harold Brocklebank (1891–1945),' in Australian dictionary of biography. Vol. 9. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press. ISBN 978-0-522-84273-9. OCLC 890244680.
- ^ "Sketching naval life: the war art of Rex Julius". National Archives of Australia. 28 February 2020. Retrieved 4 September 2021.
- ^ "Sydney Nolan" (in French). Civilization.ca. Retrieved 2012-07-15.
- ^ "Grace Cossington Smith" (in French). Civilization.ca. Retrieved 2012-07-15.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Conflicts 1945 to today, official artists". Awm.gov.au. Retrieved 2012-07-15.
- ^ Defence, Dept of. Media Release "The Creation of the Army's Official Art Collection" [1]
- ^ a b Ministry of Defence (MoD), Battles
- ^ Tolson, Roger. "A Common Cause: Britain's War Artists Scheme." CWM, 2005.
- ^ Harrison, David. "War artist Arabella Dorman paints Iraq," Telegraph (London). May 2, 2009.
- ^ National Maritime Museum (NMM), The Fall of Nelson, Battle of Trafalgar, 21 October 1805 by Denis Dighton, c. 1825.
- ^ National Portrait Gallery(NPG), Robert Ker Porter
- ^ National Portrait Gallery, Expansion and Empire
- ^ Australian Dictionary of Biography (ADB), Brierly, Sir Oswald Walters (1817–1894)
- ^ Library of Congress (LOC), Simpson, William, 1823–1899
- ^ "Bacon, 1868–1914". Artnet.com. Retrieved 2012-07-15.
- ^ Charles Edwin Fripp; excerpt, "Fripp also held a commission in the Artists Rifles for 13 years ...."
- ^ British Sporting Artists Trust (BSAT), Godfrey Douglas Giles
- ^ WorldCat Identities: Prater, Ernest
- ^ Brighton and Hove Museums, Melton Prior; Lee, Sidney. (2006). Dictionary of National Biography (DNB), Second Supplement, Vol. 3, p. 136., p. 136, at Google Books
- ^ a b c d "War artists". Mod.uk. 2007-03-14. Retrieved 2012-07-15.
- ^ Imperial War Museum. "Gassed and Wounded [Art.IWM ART 4744]". IWM Collections Search. Retrieved 16 April 2013.; also a war artist in the Second World War.
- ^ "John Hodgson Lobley, 1878–1954". Art UK.
- ^ "Witness – Highlights of First World War Art" (PDF). Imperial War Museum.
- ^ Imperial War Museum. "'Over The Top'. 1st Artists' Rifles at Marcoing, 30th December 1917 [Art.IWM ART 1656]". IWM Collections Search. Retrieved 16 April 2013.; also a war artist in World War II.
- ^ Imperial War Museum. "The Menin Road [Art.IWM ART 2242]". IWM Collections Search. Retrieved 16 April 2013.; also a war artist in World War II.
- ^ Imperial War Museum. "Paths of Glory [Art.IWM ART 518]". IWM Collections Search. Retrieved 16 April 2013.
- ^ Imperial War Museum. "Harvest, 1918 [Art.IWM ART 4663]". IWM Collections Search. Retrieved 16 April 2013.; also a war artist in World War II.
- ^ Imperial War Museum. "Travoys Arriving with Wounded at a Dressing-Station at Smol, Macedonia, September 1916, 1919 [Art.IWM ART 2268]". IWM Collections Search. Retrieved 12 Nov 2013.; also a war artist in World War II.
- ^ "George W Adamson". Imperial War Museums.
- ^ "WarMuseum.ca - Art and War - British artist - Edward Ardizzone" (in French). Civilization.ca. Retrieved 2012-07-15.
- ^ "Richard Eurich 1903–1992". Tate.
- ^ "Edward Bawden" (in French). Civilization.ca. Retrieved 2012-07-15.
- ^ "Henry Carr" (in French). Civilization.ca. Retrieved 2012-07-15.
- ^ "Amy Elton". Royal Academy. Retrieved 2022-12-05.
- ^ "Cornwall Artist Index: Amy Elton". Retrieved 14 September 2023.
- ^ Thomas, Ronan; West End at War: Anthony Gross. Retrieved 24 April 2013
- ^ Tate: Anthony Gross - Artist biography. Retrieved 24 April 2013
- ^ "Eliot Hodgkin". Imperial War Museums. Retrieved 2012-09-16.
- ^ "Laura Knight" (in French). Civilization.ca. Retrieved 2012-07-15.
- ^ "'An Air Gunner in a Gun-turret : Sergeant G Holmes, D.F.M'".
- ^ "Philip Meninsky". Imperial War Museum. Retrieved 2013-04-25.
- ^ "POW, Chunkai, Thailand, January 1944 [Stanley Gimson portrait]". Imperial War Museums.
- ^ "RAF Museum Collections".
- ^ "Ministry of Defence | About Defence | What we do | Defence Estate and Environment | MOD Art Collection | Ministry of Defence Art Collection". Mod.uk. Retrieved 2012-07-15.
- ^ "Albert Richards (1919–1945)". Collection.britishcouncil.org. Retrieved 2012-04-21.
- ^ "Ruskin Spear" (in French). Civilization.ca. Retrieved 2012-07-15.
- ^ Imperial War Museum. "Shipbuilding on the Clyde: Bending the Keel Plate, 1943 [Art.IWM ART LD 3106]". IWM Collections Search. Retrieved 12 Nov 2013.; also a war artist in World War I.
- ^ "Graham Sutherland" (in French). Civilization.ca. Retrieved 2012-07-15.
- ^ "Carel Weight" (in French). Civilization.ca. Retrieved 2012-07-15.
- ^ Derek Eland (1 September 2011). "Helmand". derekeland.com. Retrieved 24 April 2013.
- ^ a b c "Contemporary War Artists: Introduction". Imperial War Museum.
- ^ "Contemporary War Artists: Peter Howson: Bosnia". Imperial War Museum. Archived from the original on 6 January 2009. Retrieved 19 April 2013.
- ^ "Contemporary War Artists: John Keane: The Gulf War". Imperial War Museum. Archived from the original on 6 January 2009. Retrieved 19 April 2013.
- ^ "Women at war: The female British artists who were written out of history". London: Independent. 8 April 2011.
- ^ "Falklands War 1982, Linda Kitson's artistic record". Imperial War Museum. Retrieved 20 April 2013.
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{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ "SIDNEY SIMON". SIDNEY SIMON. Retrieved 2023-12-25.
- ^ "Prints & Posters - Early Years - U.S. Center of Military History". U.S. Army Center of Military History. U.S. Government. Retrieved 2023-12-25.
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- ^ Perricelli, Lynne Moss. "Drawing: Henry Casselli: Drawing From the Inside Out", American Artist. 7 Mar 2008.
- ^ "Victor Juhasz".
References
- McCloskey, Barbara. (2005). Artists of World War II. Westport: Greenwood Press. ISBN 9780313321535; OCLC 475496457
- Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). Japan Encyclopedia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5; OCLC 48943301
- Okamoto, Shumpei and Donald Keene. (1983). Impressions of the Front: Woodcuts of the Sino Japanese War, 1894–95. Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art. OCLC 179964815
Further reading
- Brandon, Laura. (2008). Art and War. New York: I.B. Tauris. ISBN 9781845112370; OCLC 225345535
- Cork, Richard. (1994). A Bitter Truth: Avant-garde Art and the Great War. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300057041; OCLC 185692286
- Foot, Michael Richard Daniel. (1990). Art and War: Twentieth Century Warfare as Depicted by War Artists. London: Headline. ISBN 9780747202868; OCLC 21407670
- Gallatin, Albert Eugene. (1919). Art and the Great War. New York: E.P. Dutton. OCLC 422817
- Hodgson, Pat (1977). The War Illustrators. London: Osprey. OCLC 462210052
- Johnson, Peter (1978). Front-Line Artists. London: Cassell. ISBN 9780304300112; OCLC 4412441
- Jones, James (1975). WW II: a Chronicle of Soldiering. New York: Grosset & Dunlap. 1617592
- Lanker, Brian and Nicole Newnham. (2000). They Drew Fire: Combat Artists of World War II. New York: TV Books. ISBN 9781575000855; OCLC 43245885
- Australia
- Reid, John B. (1977). Australian Artists at War: Compiled from the Australian War Memorial Collection. Volume 1. 1885–1925; Vol. 2 1940–1970. South Melbourne, Victoria: Sun Books. ISBN 9780725102548; OCLC 4035199
- Canada
- Oliver, Dean Frederick, and Laura Brandon (2000). Canvas of War: Painting the Canadian Experience, 1914 to 1945. Vancouver: Douglas & McIntyre. ISBN 9781550547726; OCLC 43283109
- Tippett, Maria. (1984). Art at the Service of War: Canada, Art, and the Great War. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. ISBN 9780802025418; OCLC 13858984
- Germany
- Gilkey, Gordon. War Art of the Third Reich. Bennington, Vermont: International Graphics Corporation, 1982). ISBN 9780865560185; OCLC 223704492
- Weber, John Paul. (1979). The German War Artists. Columbia, South Carolina: Cerberus. ISBN 9780933590007; OCLC 5727293
- New Zealand
- Haworth, Jennifer. (2007). The Art of War: New Zealand War Artists in the Field 1939–1945. Christchurch, New Zealand: Hazard Press. ISBN 9781877393242; OCLC 174078159
- South Africa
- Carter, Albert Charles Robinson. (1900). The Work of War Artists in South Africa. London: "The Art Journal" Office. OCLC 25938498
- United Kingdom
- Gough, Paul. (2010). A Terrible Beauty: British Artists in the First World War. Bristol: Sansom and Company. ISBN 9781906593001; OCLC 559763485
- Harries, Meirion and Suzie Harries. (1983). The War Artists: British Official War Art of the Twentieth Century. London: Michael Joseph. ISBN 9780718123147; OCLC 9888782
- Harrington, Peter. (1983). British Artists and War: The Face of Battle in Paintings and Prints, 1700–1914. London: Greenhill. ISBN 9781853671579; OCLC 28708501
- Haycock, David Boyd. (2009). A Crisis of Brilliance: Five Young British Artists and the Great War. London: Old Street Publishing. ISBN 9781905847846; OCLC 318876179
- Hichberger, J.W.M. (1988). Images of the Army: The Military in British Art 1815–1914. Manchester: Manchester University Press. ISBN 9780719025754; OCLC 17295891
- Sillars, Stuart (1987). Art and Survival in First World War Britain. New York: St. Martins Press. ISBN 9780312005443; OCLC 14932245
- Holme, Charles. (1918). The War Depicted by Distinguished British Artists. London: The Studio. OCLC 5081170
- United States
- Cornebise, Alfred. (1991). Art from the trenches: America's Uniformed Artists in World War I. College Station: Texas A & M University Press. ISBN 9780890963494; OCLC 22892632
- Harrington, Peter, and Frederic A. Sharf. (1988). A Splendid Little War; The Spanish–American War, 1898; The Artists' Perspective. London: Greenhill. ISBN 9781853673160; OCLC 260112479
- Chase Maenius. The Art of War[s]: Paintings of Heroes, Horrors and History. 2014. ISBN 978-1320309554
External links
- Mémorial de Caen, 1914–1918 war, Artists of the First World War
- Ministry of Defence (MoD), MoD art collection, war artists
- National Archives (UK), The Art of War
- In War-torn Country a Soldier Looks at Iraq by Lance Nixon, Capital Journal, Vol 134 No. 27, 7 February 2014 pp C1-C6
- Harvey Dunn at War by Lance Nixon, Capital Journal, Vol 134 No. 32, 14 February 2014 pp C1-C6. See Harvey Dunn
- Remembering Battles They Fought Facing East: Plains Indians as War Artists by Lance Nixon, Capital Journal, Vol 134 No. 57 pp C1-C6
- About light and dark in peace and war and a piece of Vietnam by Lance Nixon, Capital Journal (South Dakota), 17 January 2014.
- Drawing fire by Lance Nixon, Capital Journal (South Dakota), 23 January 2014.
- A photograph of a war is different from a painting “that’s not rocket science” by Dave Askins, Capital Journal (South Dakota), 20 April 2018.
- Combat artists share ware experiences by Kerri Lawrence, National Archives News, 9 April 2018
- National Archives Facebook Combat Art Panel
- US Army Soldier-Artists in Vietnam (CAT IV, 15 August to 31 December, 1967) by James Pollock, War, Literature & the Arts: An International Journal of the Humanities, free downloadable PDF South Dakota State University Open PRAIRIE repository/2009 Volume 21
- SDPB Radio Interview MIDDAY Karl Gehrke interviews James Pollock, 10 June 2015.
- [3] Barry John artist