![]() | |||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||
Turnout | 51.90% (![]() 61.35% ( ![]() | ||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||||||||||||||||
|
Presidential elections were held in Venezuela on 28 July 2024 to choose a president for a six-year term beginning on 10 January 2025.[1][2] The election has been politically contentious, with international monitors calling it neither free nor fair,[3] citing the incumbent Maduro administration having controlled most institutions and repressed the political opposition before and during the election.[1][4]
President Nicolás Maduro ran for a third consecutive term, while former diplomat Edmundo González Urrutia represented the Unitary Platform (Spanish: Plataforma Unitaria Democrática; PUD), the main opposition political alliance. The government disqualified other leading candidates of the Venezuelan opposition from participating in the election during their campaign or in previous elections. In June 2023, the Venezuelan government barred leading candidate María Corina Machado from participating.[5][6] This move was regarded by the opposition as a violation of political human rights and has been condemned by international bodies such as the Organization of American States (OAS),[7] the European Union,[8] and Human Rights Watch,[9] as well as numerous countries.[10]
Academics, news outlets and the opposition provided "strong evidence" according to The Guardian[11] to suggest that González won the election by a wide margin,[12][13] with the opposition releasing copies of official tally sheets collected by poll watchers from a majority of polling centers showing a landslide victory for González.[7][14][15] The government-controlled National Electoral Council (CNE) announced[16] falsified[17][18] results claiming a narrow Maduro victory on 29 July; vote tallies were not provided.[19] The CNE's results were rejected by the Carter Center and by the OAS,[7] and the United Nations declared that there was "no precedent in contemporary democratic elections" for announcing a winner without providing tabulated results.[20] Analyses by media sources including the Associated Press,[21] The Washington Post[22] and El Espectador[17] found the results statistically improbable and lacking in credibility. Political scientist Steven Levitsky called the official results "one of the most egregious electoral frauds in modern Latin American history".[23]
Following the Venezuelan government's announcements of falsified election results, a national and international political crisis developed. In the aftermath of the government's announcement, protests broke out across the country, as the Maduro administration initiated Operation Tun Tun, a crackdown on dissent. Some world leaders rejected the CNE's claimed results and recognized González as the election winner,[13][24][25] while some other countries, including Russia, China, Iran, and Cuba recognized Maduro as the winner.[26] The first country to recognize González as Venezuela's president-elect was Peru, on 30 July.[27] Maduro did not acknowledge the results which showed him losing the election or cede power,[28] and instead asked the Supreme Tribunal of Justice (TSJ) on 1 August to audit and approve the results.[29][30][31][32] On 22 August, as anticipated,[30][33][34] the TSJ described the CNE's statement of Maduro winning the election as "validated".[29]
![]() |
---|
![]() |
Background
Democratic backsliding and consolidation of power
The 2024 elections occurred within an authoritarian regime[23][35] with significant democratic backsliding under Maduro.[23]
Rampant crime, hyperinflation and shortages beginning in 2010 led to a crisis in Venezuela under Maduro.[36][23][37] The popularity of the government declined and the opposition was elected to hold the majority in the 2015 National Assembly.[23][38] After the 2015 election, the lame duck National Assembly—with an outgoing pro-government majority—packed the Supreme Tribunal of Justice (TSJ), the highest court in Venezuela, with Maduro allies.[38][39] The new tribunal stripped three opposition lawmakers of their assembly seats in 2016, citing alleged "irregularities" in their election, thereby preventing an opposition supermajority which would have been able to challenge President Maduro.[38]
The TSJ granted Maduro more powers in 2017.[38] As protests mounted against Maduro, he called for a constituent assembly to replace the 1999 Venezuela Constitution created under Hugo Chávez.[40] Over 40 countries stated that they would not recognize the 2017 Constituent National Assembly (ANC).[41][42][43] The Democratic Unity Roundtable—the opposition to the incumbent ruling party—boycotted the election, saying that the ANC was "a trick to keep [the incumbent ruling party] in power";[44] thus, the incumbent coalition, dominated by the United Socialist Party of Venezuela, won almost all assembly seats.[45] On 8 August 2017, the ANC banned the elected opposition-led National Assembly from performing actions that would interfere with the constituent assembly, effectively stripping the National Assembly of all its powers.[46]
Scholars have argued that since Maduro assumed the presidency upon the death of Chávez in 2013, the nation has veered towards dictatorship. Maduro "consolidate[d] power" by creating an alternate legislative body (the 2017 ANC) to eliminate the National Assembly and then using a packed Supreme Court to sideline the legislature and bar the major opposition figures from the 2018 Venezuelan presidential election.[23][47][48][49]
2018 election and presidential crisis
Maduro called for a 2018 Venezuelan presidential election to occur months before the prescribed December date.[50] He was declared the winner in May 2018 after multiple major opposition parties were banned from participating, among other irregularities.[51] The election results were widely disputed both within Venezuela and in the broader international community,[52] and politicians both internally and internationally considered him an ineffective dictator.[35] In the months leading up to his 10 January 2019 inauguration, Maduro was pressured by international groups and other nations to step down; this pressure was increased after the new National Assembly of Venezuela was sworn in on 5 January 2019.[53][54]
Maduro took his official oath at a public ceremony in Caracas on 10 January 2019.[55] That same month, the National Assembly invoked clauses of the 1999 Venezuelan Constitution to install National Assembly Speaker Juan Guaidó as acting president, precipitating the Venezuelan presidential crisis.[56]
By January 2020, efforts led by Guaidó to create a transitional government had been unsuccessful and Maduro continued to control Venezuela's state institutions.[57][58][59] In January 2021, the European Union stopped recognizing Guaidó as president, but still did not recognize Maduro as the legitimate president;[60] the European Parliament reaffirmed its recognition of Guaidó as president.[61][62] After the announcement of regional elections in 2021, Guaidó announced a "national salvation agreement" and proposed negotiations with Maduro with a schedule for free and fair elections, with international support and observers, in exchange for lifting international sanctions.[63]
In December 2022, three of the four main opposition political parties (Justice First, Democratic Action and A New Era) backed and approved a reform to dissolve the interim government and create a commission of five members to manage foreign assets, as deputies sought a united strategy ahead of the 2024 elections,[64][65] stating that the interim government had failed to achieve the goals it had set.[66]
2020 transitional government proposal
On 31 March 2020, the United States proposed a transitional government that would exclude both Maduro and Guaidó from the presidency.[67] The power-sharing deal provided for elections to be held within the year, and all foreign militaries, particularly Cuba and Russia, to leave the country. The US was seeking Maduro's arrest at the time of the announcement.[68] Other aspects of the proposal included releasing all political prisoners and setting up a five-person council to lead the country. The European Union agreed to remove sanctions if the deal went ahead. Experts stated that the deal explicitly mentioned who would lead a transitional government, something which stalled previous discussions, and coming shortly after the US indictment of Maduro, might pressure him to peacefully leave power.[69]
Guaidó accepted the proposal,[70] while Venezuela's foreign minister, Jorge Arreaza, rejected it and declared that only the parliamentary election would take place in 2020.[71]
Opposition primaries launched
In November 2022, Diosdado Cabello, vice-president of the PSUV and president of the ANC, insisted that the presidential election be moved forward to the first semester of 2023.[72] The Unitary Platform presidential primaries were held on 22 October 2023.[73]
Eight of the thirteen opposition pre-candidates held a debate at the Universidad Católica Andrés Bello. The participants were María Corina Machado for Vente Venezuela, Carlos Prosperi for Democratic Action, Freddy Superlano for Popular Will, transgender candidate Tamara Adrián for Unidos por la Dignidad, Delsa Solórzano for Encuentro Ciudadano, Andrés Velásquez for La Causa R, César Pérez Vivas for Concertación Ciudadana and Andrés Caleca for Movimiento por Venezuela.[74][75][76]
Disqualification of Machado and Capriles
On 30 June 2023, the Comptroller General of the Republic of Venezuela announced that pre-candidate and former National Assembly member María Corina Machado was disqualified from holding public office for 15 years, claiming she was linked to alleged crimes committed by Juan Guaidó and had supported international sanctions against Venezuela. She would be allowed to participate in the opposition primaries because they were not regulated by Maduro's government.[77][78][79] Capriles was given the same sentence and barred from holding office until 2032.[77] Analysts stated that the accusations were incoherent, as Machado was not a member of the 2015 opposition National Assembly with Guaidó, having been disqualified by the Comptroller's Office, nor had she served in his government.[80] The disqualification was considered illegal and unconstitutional by several jurists, including constitutional lawyer Allan Brewer Carías . The Latin American and Caribbean Network for Democracy cited the Petro Urrego v. Colombia decision of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights in 2020 as precedent; this decision determined that "it is a serious violation of political human rights if an administrative authority, and not a judge through due judicial process, politically disqualifies a citizen".[81]
Harassment and intimidation during primaries
Pro-government militants tried to attack Machado during a 15 July campaign in Vargas. The following day, they prevented a campaign rally in Petare.[82][83] On 22 July, Vente Venezuela denounced death threats to Machado by the National Liberation Army (ELN), a far-left Colombian guerrilla group, after her campaign headquarters in Táchira state were painted overnight with messages of "death to María Corina" and "primaries without María Corina", signed by the ELN. The group denied being the authors of the threats.[84][85]
Venezuelan fact checking outlet Cazadores de Fake News published information relating to an operation to discredit Machado, carried out by a disinformation network which had formerly spread disinformation about Leopoldo López, Juan Guaidó and other opposition politicians.[86]
Henrique Capriles said he was physically assaulted in June by individuals associated with the ruling party.[87][88] His followers said Chavistas attacked Capriles supporters at an August rally in Apure state, which they said was the seventh aggression since 29 May.[89] On 27 July, Popular Will denounced that Freddy Superlano's passport was confiscated by authorities at the Colombian border.[90] Delsa Solórzano complained in August of death threats, including messages on social media such as "the collective forces of the ELN are going to kill you".[91]
On the morning of the 22 October primary, in the El Guarataro neighborhood of western Caracas, colectivos prevented the installation of the voting center and violence with a firearm was registered.[92] Nuns of the Patronato San José de Tarbes denounced that voters were threatened by colectivos, and that the center had to be moved.[93] Armed civilians entered the voting point La Cañada, in San Juan parish, pointed at the coordinator and took a voting table, firing several shots.[94] In Santa Rosalía parish, motorcyclists threw a tear gas cannister in the vicinity of the voting center.[95][96] In the afternoon, two men fired shots into the air at the voting point in Las Acacias, Caracas.[94] The vice-president of the Regional Board of Monagas state, Dexcy Moya, denounced that colectivos shouted expletives and threats in several voting centers in Maturin.[97]
Exclusion of Machado and broken 2023 deal
The October 2023 Unitary Platform primary was won in a landslide by María Corina Machado.[98] Her earlier disqualification from holding office by the Comptroller General of Venezuela was then pending a court decision.[99]
In October 2023, the Maduro government and representatives of the opposition signed the Barbados Agreement. Both parties agreed to hold free and fair elections, and accept their results, in exchange for sanctions imposed by the US on petroleum sales to be eased.[100]
Despite this, the disqualification of Machado was confirmed by the Supreme Court of Justice of Venezuela in January 2024.[101] Moreover, following the poor turnout in the 2023 Venezuelan referendum, the chief prosecutor of Venezuela, Tarek William Saab, accused opposition leaders of sabotaging the referendum and issued arrest warrants for 15 of them, with charges such as treason and conspiracy.[102] Saab is under sanctions for multiple alleged offenses, and is charged by human rights organizations as "being one of the key people in the regime's efforts to use the Venezuelan justice system as an instrument of political persecution", according to an August 2024 Miami Herald article.[103]
Machado and her supporters said they were attacked by colectivos during a February 2024 campaign rally in Charallave, Miranda state. Machado denounced that the attack occurred in front of security officials, who did not intervene.[104] With the main opposition candidate banned from running, the US stated that Maduro's government had "fallen short" on its commitments, and reinstated the oil sanctions in April 2024.[105][106]
Organizations such as the United Nations, the Organization of American States, the European Union, and Human Rights Watch, and countries including Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Uruguay, Canada, United States, United Kingdom, France and Germany rejected Machado's disqualification.[107] Several foreign political leaders condemned the disqualification, including President Luis Lacalle Pou of Uruguay, President Mario Abdo Benítez of Paraguay, and President Gustavo Petro of Colombia.[108][109] At the Mercosur summit, President Alberto Fernández of Argentina, and President Lula da Silva of Brazil, refused to reject the disqualification.[110][111] Antony Blinken, US Secretary of State, called Machado's disqualification "deeply unfortunate".[112] The European Union High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, Josep Borrell, stated that the disqualification "undermines democracy".[113][114] On 13 July 2023, the European Parliament passed a resolution condemning the disqualification.[115]
Election dates and new law
The presidential election was scheduled to be held in 2024; according to the Venezuelan Constitution, presidential elections are to take place no later than December in the election year.[116][117]
The National Election Council (CNE) announced in March 2024 that the election would be held on 28 July, the day that would have been Hugo Chávez's 70th birthday,[118] with filing of candidacies taking place from 21 to 25 March[119] and campaigning from 4 to 25 July.[120]
On 2 April, Delcy Rodríguez presented the Law against Fascism, Neofascism and Similar Expressions to the V National Assembly of Venezuela, controlled by the Maduro administration;[121][122] it passed its first reading that day.[123][124] The law, which would need a second hearing, would create penalties including increased sentences for organizations that promote what Maduro's government defines as fascism; critics say it would be used to limit opposition to Maduro's government ahead of the July election.[125][126][127]
Negotiations with United States
Direct talks between senior Venezuelan and United States officials that had been stalled since mid-April were restarted in early July, a few weeks prior to the election.[128][129] In 2023, the Biden administration had relaxed some sanctions on Venezuela based on Maduro being willing to hold free and fair elections.[130] According to The Washington Post, the US was willing to remove all sanctions if conditions were met, but the Maduro-controlled Venezuelan Supreme Court made Machado ineligible for the presidency in January 2024.[130] The opposition was not included in the negotiations. Former US ambassador to Venezuela Bill Brownfield stated that the US deal was "looser than it should have been" and "Maduro got, front-ended, all of the benefits he was supposed to get in exchange for promises to comply with in the future. He didn't comply, but he got the stuff he really wanted."[130] Several proposals to grant immunity to the loser of the election have been proposed; while the US restarted talks in the hope of furthering a fair election, the opposition held out "that a strong showing will force Maduro to the table".[130]
Electoral process
The President of Venezuela is elected by plurality in a single round of voting.[131] On 5 March 2024, the National Electoral Council in Venezuela called the presidential election for 28 July 2024, also announcing events and dates on the electoral schedule:[132]
№ | Event | Dates | Status | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Start | End | |||
1 | Call for the process | 5 March 2024 | Finished | |
2 | Special registration day for the Electoral Registry | 18 March 2024 | 16 April 2024 | Finished |
3 | Selection of members of subordinate organizations | 20 March 2024 | Finished | |
4 | Registration of candidates for the presidency | 21 March 2024 | 25 March 2024 | Finished |
5 | Electoral Registration Court | 16 April 2024 | Finished | |
6 | Election campaigning | 4 July 2024 | 25 July 2024 | Finished |
7 | Presidential election | 28 July 2024 | Finished |
Venezuelan elections are overseen by the National Electoral Council (CNE), with poll workers drafted via a lottery of registered voters. Polling places are equipped with multiple high-tech touch-screen DRE voting machines, one to a "mesa electoral", or voting "table". After the vote is cast, each machine prints out a paper ballot, also known as a Voter-verified paper audit trail, which is inspected by the voter and deposited in a ballot box belonging to the machine's table. The voting machines perform in a stand-alone fashion, disconnected from any network until the polls close.[133][134] Voting session closure at each of the voting stations in a given polling center is determined either by the lack of further voters after the lines have emptied, or by the hour, at the discretion of the president of the voting table.[citation needed]
Poll witnesses
Venezuelan law provides for representatives of the opposition to observe at each voting place; anyone can witness the electoral process.[30] Each machine prints tally sheets (actas de escrutinio or actas[135]) after the polls close, showing how many votes were received by each candidate, and representatives of the parties receive a copy.[134] After the secretary of the voting table and the witnesses accredited by the CNE agree that the acta tally matches the paper receipts in the ballot boxes, they sign the acta, which is transmitted to the CNE and signed copies are given to the witnesses.[30][135] CNE typically posts counts, but not images of the tally sheets.[134]
Lester Toledo, a strategist for the opposition, told the Miami Herald that—anticipating fraud in the vote tally—the opposition coordinated for several months before the election to arrange 600,000 volunteers into "command" groups of 10 (comanditos) to include "witnesses for each voting machine, lookouts outside the centers to ensure everything ran smoothly and monitors who made sure the actas were printed and then taken to outside locations to be scanned and, ultimately, uploaded to a centralized cloud".[136] The Associated Press reported that 90,000 opposition party representatives were trained to use a custom-made app to report results and irregularities, and had been instructed not to leave polling centers before obtaining a copy of the tally sheets.[137] Volunteers obtained over 80% of the actas,[137] uploaded 24,576 of them, and tallied the votes by using the QR codes printed on each one.[136]
Following the election, the opposition published a database and searchable website with images of the tally sheets, which registered voters can check[7][14][15] and which they have provided to international observers and on a second website.[138] Parties and governments disputing the government results have urged the CNE to produce the tally sheets to verify its count.[134]
Number of voters and voting stations
The Electoral Gazette number 1023 of 25 May 2023 reported that Venezuela's Electoral Registry had 21,010,514 registered voters. Of these, 20,675,478 were in Venezuela, 107,836 were abroad, and 227,200 were foreign citizens in the country. The NGO Súmate noted a decline in registered voters over the past six publications in 2021 and 2022, with 84,115 fewer voters since the last publication. They also highlighted that 53,991 voters had objections and couldn't vote, urging them to check their status on the Electoral Council's website and file a claim if necessary.[139]
On election day, 15,767 poll stations had been set up by 08:20 local time, which amounted to 95% of the total, according to CNE.[140][141]
Observers
There were very few independent international election observers.[142][143][20]
Carter Center
On 20 June 2024, the Carter Center agreed to send observers in response to concerns about the lack of sufficient independent monitors, which could undermine the legitimacy of the election results.[144] It sent only "small technical team", according to the BBC[142] of 17 experts to 4 cities.[145]
The Carter Center stated that it could not verify the results from the election authorities and that the election "cannot be considered democratic".[145][146]
United Nations
On 25 June 2024, the United Nations announced that it would send four monitors, following the opposition's refusal to sign an agreement recognizing the presidential vote's results. The UN team would independently produce a confidential report for the Secretary-General of the United Nations, including recommendations for future elections in Venezuela.[147][142]
The UN released their confidential report publicly on 13 August;[148] it stated that there was a lack of “transparency and integrity measures that are essential to holding credible elections".[148]
Other invited participants
Following the requirements stipulated in the Barbados Agreement for transparent elections with observers, the Maduro administration invited over 600 international participants.[149][150][151] Along with groups such as the United Nations, invitees were members from the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States and the African Union[149] and representatives from Iran, China, Russia and Nicaragua, among others.[150]
BBC News stated that Maduro "welcomed hundreds of guests from countries allied with his government, who he says will 'accompany' the vote."[142] Clarin wrote that some invited envoys "were allowed entry on the condition that they belong to leftist organizations and not criticize the government; Clarin stated that "The observers are limited and cannot declare or express their opinion within Venezuela."[150]
According to France 24, "numerous international actors, who were expected to participate in the oversight, have denounced that Chavismo has revoked their accreditations, while the opposition denounce[d] obstacles for their guests", adding that "not all actors accredited to verify the functioning of Venezuelan democracy have the same powers" and that the "Carter Center and the United Nations mission were the only missions accredited to carry out mere technical observation work, that is, limited."[149]
Infobae wrote that the guests received as observers were "allies" of the Maduro administration who would not criticize, while others were not allowed to enter.[152]
European Union
On 28 May 2024, the CNE revoked its invitation for observers from the European Union, citing existing sanctions against Elvis Amoroso, the head of the CNE and a Maduro ally.[142][153]
After the European Parliament passed a resolution condemning the political disqualification of opposition pre-candidate María Corina Machado, the president of the pro-government National Assembly, Jorge Rodríguez, declared on 13 July 2023 that the Venezuelan government would not allow a European Union electoral observation mission.[154][155][156]
Argentina and Brazil
On 17 July 2024, the Superior Electoral Court (TSE) of Brazil, which had previously rejected the invitation from Maduro's government to send observers, announced a reversal of its decision, stating that it would send two observers. The TSE later informed Brazil's Ministry of Foreign Affairs that it would dispatch Sandra Damiani, director of the TSE's Electoral Management Advisory, and José de Melo Cruz, head of the Electoral Systems Coordination.[157]
On 22 July 2024, Brazilian President Lula da Silva stated: "If Maduro wants to contribute for growth to return to Venezuela, for people who left Venezuela to come back and to establish a state of economic growth, he needs to respect the democratic process." Lula, who had previously refused to openly criticize Maduro, said he would send former foreign minister Celso Amorim to watch the election.[158]
On 24 July 2024, TSE announced it would no longer send observers to the election in light of statements by Maduro in which, without proof, he accused the Brazilian electoral system of not being auditable.[159][160] Nonetheless, Brazil's observation went on as planned.[161]
Former Argentine president Alberto Fernández was uninvited to observe after agreeing with Lula.[142][162]
Other countries
Spanish left-wing parties Podemos, United Left, Galician Nationalist Bloc and EH Bildu sent observers.[163] Officials from Spain (ten members of its parliament), Portugal,[164] and Colombia (senator Angelica Lozano) said they were denied entry to Venezuela days before the election.[165]
A Copa Airlines flight from Panama[166] bound for Caracas the day before the vote with former presidents Mireya Moscoso (Panama), Miguel Angel Rodriguez (Costa Rica), Jorge Quiroga (Bolivia) and Vicente Fox (Mexico), as well as Marta Lucia Ramirez (former Colombian vice president), was unable to depart Panama until the former officials deplaned.[165][167][168]
Chilean Senators Felipe Kast and Rojo Edwards were deported by Venezuelan authorities a day after arriving to observe the vote.[169] Francisco Paoltroni , president of the Foreign Affairs Committee of the Argentine Senate, invited by the opposition for the election, was also deported.[170] Former Mayor of Bogotá, Claudia López, was also expelled from Venezuela after arriving to observe the election.[171] Uruguayan deputy Pablo Viana was deported from Venezuela after being invited by the opposition to attend the election.[172]
Colombia was invited but did not send observers, with officials stating that the timing of the electoral process was inadequate for technical preparations.[173]
Candidates
The Great Simón Bolívar Patriotic Pole
On 16 March 2024, the United Socialist Party of Venezuela (PSUV) announced that incumbent Maduro would be their candidate in the presidential election, making it his third run for a six-year term.[174] Maduro officially registered his candidacy on 25 March.[175]
Maduro stated in July that there would be a bloodbath or civil war if he lost the election, and that his party would win "by hook or by crook".[176][177][178]
Unitary Platform
On 16 May 2023, the Unitary Platform announced it would hold a primary to elect a single candidate for the presidential election, the 2023 Unitary Platform presidential primaries. On 24 July 2023, the application period ended, with 14 candidates registered. The preliminary winner was Machado, sweeping more than 90% of the vote. On 23 October, the second electoral bulletin of the National Primary Commission stated that with 92.65% counted, Machado won more than 90% of the votes and would be the candidate for the Unitary Platform for the 2024 presidential election.[179]
After her disqualification, on 22 March 2024, Machado announced that historian and professor Corina Yoris would be the replacement candidate.[180]
Yoris was unable to officially register in the election; Unitary Platform representatives said that the electoral commission had blocked her registration. Following outcry from countries including the US, Brazil, Colombia, and Guatemala the Unitary Platform registered former diplomat Edmundo González Urrutia as its temporary candidate pending the selection of another one.[181]
A New Era withdraws
Zulia Governor Manuel Rosales launched a last-minute candidacy in March, taking the Unitary Platform by surprise, though he indicated he would cede his position to a unified opposition candidate.[182] Rosales is known as a more moderate opposition candidate who has negotiated with the Maduro government; he recognized Maduro's contested 2018 election and condemned sanctions on Venezuela enacted by the United States.[183] In what an Americas Quarterly article described as "Venezuela’s long-standing political crisis", the appearance of a candidate "distrusted by others in the opposition as a pro-system contender" seemed to lower the chances a united opposition could defeat Maduro.[184] According to an article published by Deutsche Welle, his candidacy led to an "uproar" in which "Madacho accused him of treason".[185]
On 19 April 2024, a day before the deadline to register an opposition candidate,[186] Omar Barboza, executive secretary of the PUD and president of A New Era, announced that, after a unanimous vote in support of a unity candidate, Rosales would withdraw from the race and endorse Edmundo González, uniting the PUD around a single candidate.[187][188][189]
Major candidates
Candidate | Party and Coalition | Ref. | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() |
Edmundo González Urrutia | Independent (Ind.) Unitary Platform (PUD) Slogan: Edmundo for the world! |
[190][191] | ||
![]() |
![]() |
Nicolás Maduro | United Socialist Party of Venezuela (PSUV) Great Patriotic Pole (GPPSB) Slogan: #ElQueVaEsNicolás |
[192] |
Other candidates
The Democratic Alliance did not participate in the primary.[193]
Eleven candidates without significant representation were registered following the Maduro administration's veto of opposition candidates Machado and Corina.[194] Authorities allowed the registration of candidates considered to be collaborators, false opposition, and politicians aligned with the Bolivarian strategy for the July 2024 presidential election, while blocking genuine opposition candidates.[195] Among these candidates are individuals with ties to Chavismo and diverse figures such as a comedian and an evangelical pastor.[194]
Luis Eduardo Martínez, a deputy for Acción Democrática, has held positions as governor and councilor.[194] Daniel Ceballos , former mayor of San Cristóbal, has been favored by the Supreme Tribunal of Justice (TSJ).[194] Antonio Ecarri , with a background in education and public management, has declined multiple candidacies in his political career.[194] Juan Carlos Alvarado, Secretary-General of COPEI, was appointed by the TSJ and has validated chavismo control of the Parliament.[194] Benjamín Rausseo, a comedian and businessman, has made previous attempts for public office. Javier Bertucci, an evangelical pastor and deputy, has a criminal record related to diesel smuggling. José Brito, a former member of Primero Justicia, has been accused of corruption and collaborating with the administration to prevent the re-election of Juan Guaidó.[194] Claudio Fermín, with extensive political experience and positions in the Executive Branch, has been an unsuccessful presidential candidate several times. Luis Ratti, a businessman and preacher, requested the suspension of opposition primaries. Enrique Márquez, a former rector of the National Electoral Council (CNE), has held seats in the National Assembly and served as its vice president (2016–2017, after the electoral victory of the opposition).
Candidate | Party and/or Coalition | Ref. | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() |
Luis Eduardo Martínez | Democratic Action (AD) Slogan: United we live better |
[196] | ||
![]() |
![]() |
José Brito | Venezuela First (PV) | [197] | |
![]() |
![]() |
Antonio Ecarri Angola | Pencil Alliance (Lápiz) | [198][199] | |
![]() |
Enrique Márquez | Centrados en la Gente (CG) transl. People-centered |
|||
![]() |
![]() |
Benjamín Rausseo | National Democratic Confederation (CONDE) Slogan: With Rausseo, I stand up! |
[200][201] | |
![]() |
![]() |
Javier Bertucci | Hope for Change (El Cambio) Slogan: Yes, there is hope! |
||
![]() |
Claudio Fermín | Solutions for Venezuela (SPV) | |||
![]() |
![]() |
Daniel Ceballos | Country Renewal and Hope Assembly (AREPA) |
Conduct and irregularities
Disqualification of political parties
On 17 March, the CNE disqualified 16 political parties from nominating candidates in the presidential election, after not reaching 1% of the minimum votes in the 2021 Venezuelan regional elections, without offering a validation or repair process required by electoral law. The parties disqualified included:[202][203] Adelante, Centrados, Única, National Convergence, Suma País, Encuentro Ciudadano, Generación Independiente (Gente), Partido Unión y Entendimiento (Puente), Movimiento al Socialismo (Venezuela) (MAS), Fuerza del Cambio (FDC), Nueva Visión para mi País (Nuvipa), Unidad Política Popular 89 (UPP-89), Unión y Progreso (Venezuela), Prociudadanos (LPC), Compromiso País (Compa).
Blocking of the CNE portal
Following the end of the registration period for candidates on 25 March, María Corina Machado said the next day that the Unitary Platform was prevented from registering Corina Yoris's candidacy, while Manuel Rosales said that he did not represent the Unitary Platform.[204] Shortly afterwards, the CNE, following international pressure, authorized a 12-hour extension to register candidates, which enabled the Unitary Platform card to provisionally register its candidate, Edmundo González Urrutia.[205]
Obstruction in overseas voting
![](Https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Huelga_de_hambre_de_Venezuela_en_Madrid_2024.jpg/260px-Huelga_de_hambre_de_Venezuela_en_Madrid_2024.jpg)
The requirements for voters to register abroad are very restrictive and not contemplated in the constitution. Requirements included a current passport (one of the most expensive in the world to obtain) and having permanent residence; the majority have the PTP (Temporary Permission to Stay) or PPT (Permission for Temporary Protection) and do not have residence, consequently, very few are registered.[206]
On 16 April, registration and updating of the Electoral Registry of Venezuela concluded. With approximately 7.7 million Venezuelans abroad, 80% of whom have the right to vote, the CNE only authorized some consulates to hold registration; many Venezuelans could not register because there was no authorized consulate or it was very far from their location. In many of the consulates, delays were observed and the CNE registered little political interest in solving the problem; the majority of voters abroad register an opposition tendency.[207] David Smolansky, former mayor of El Hatillo, accused the administration of blocking the registration of at least 4.5 million Venezuelans abroad through "a policy of systematic and generalized discrimination" as well as its "requirements to register and change residence address" that led to "queues at the consulates".[208]
![](Https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Manifestantes_venezolanos_anti-Maduro_en_el_lado_colombiano_del_puente_Simon_Bolivar.jpg/200px-Manifestantes_venezolanos_anti-Maduro_en_el_lado_colombiano_del_puente_Simon_Bolivar.jpg)
The special day for voter registration abroad was marred by delays in the process of up to five days, as occurred in Spain, Argentina, Peru and Chile. Citizens complained that they were not able to register or update their data. The head of the negotiating delegation of the Unitary Platform, Gerardo Blyde, said the government was unwilling to guarantee the participation of Venezuelans abroad.[206]
According to a preliminary report on 2 May from the CNE, of the almost 7.7 million Venezuelans abroad, only 69,189 will be able to vote, of which only 6,020 citizens abroad managed to change their voting center in Venezuela to the country where they reside. The number of new people registered to vote abroad was negligible due to the number of requirements imposed by the CNE and the Foreign Ministry: in Mexico 69 people managed to register as new voters, in Spain 97, in Argentina 27; in Colombia only 25; in Ecuador 13 and in Peru only six. The exact number of citizens able to vote is 21,402,220 citizens, of which only 69,189 will be able to do so outside the country.[209][210]
In mid-June the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR) demanded that Venezuela "adopt the necessary measures" to guarantee the right to vote for compatriots abroad for the presidential elections. He reiterated that "a genuine commitment to democracy requires that the State immediately reestablish the separation and independence of public powers".[211]
Harassment, intimidation and other irregularities
Along with the issues in overseas voter registration and voting that "effectively disenfranchised most of the migrant population", the Carter Center listed other problems with the electoral process. Checkpoints were placed near polling stations to intimidate voters. Individuals and companies providing services to the opposition were harassed and intimidated. The TSJ replaced the leadership of opposition political parties with those who supported Maduro. The Maduro campaign frequently used government vehicles and social programs to promote their campaign.[30][146]
The New York Times stated that irregularities on election day throughout the country "provoked fury". Intimidation of voters with violence and threats, and by state forces, included an example in Cumaná, where dozens of armed authorities lined up at a polling station. In one city, voters reported that government security forced tried to replace designated witnesses with their own personnel. The Venezuelan Electoral Observatory said that 17,000 voters found their polling place changed at the last minute; a New York Times reporter was detained after trying to enter an unofficial polling place. Voting centers stayed open past the required closing time to allow Maduro supporters to round up more votes. Some voting centers refused to print the vote tallies as required by law.[212] From January to 26 July 2024, Foro Penal said that 135 individuals associated with the Gonzalez campaign had been arrested.[213]
According to Toledo, as the polls were about to close, "he received reports from about 90% of the volunteers that the government had ordered election workers to not print the actas. But after a tense period of back-and-forth, soldiers with the national guard allowed most volunteers to take the actas home anyway."[136] Inside the CNE as the machine vote tallies were being received, the two witnesses from the opposition were denied entry, and according to the Miami Herald, "Enrique Marquez, one of a handful of presidential candidates, said his own campaign monitor was allowed in the room and reported that the Council did not print the results of the election."[136]
Violence
Pares (the Colombian Peace & Reconciliation Foundation) released three reports on violence that occurred during the elections.[103][214][215] The reports encompassed the time periods:
In the first report, Pares stated there were 25 incidents with 38 victims, of which 17 were affiliated with Vente Venezuela.[215] Pares found Venezuelan armed and security forces responsible for the majority, and stated that "no possible victims of political-electoral violence who are part of the official parties or the government bloc of Venezuela were found".[215] In its third report (27 June to 28 July) Pares stated that most of the victims were "members of the main opposition parties", along with 10 journalists, and that over 91% of the violent acts that affected 129 victims were committed by Venezuelan security forces.[103][218][214]
CNE rectors
In August 2023, the NGO Súmate denounced that at least 92 candidates for rectors of the CNE were linked to Chavismo, pointing out that Article 9 of the Organic Law of Electoral Processes prohibits members of the Council to have any political affiliation. Sumate also stated that one of the nominees had been convicted for homicide and extortion in 1998, that 46 candidates repeated the candidacy after running in 2021 and that by that time they were deputies of the pro-government National Assembly.[219] On 15 August, the pro-government National Assembly declared itself in permanent session to appoint the new CNE rectors.[220]
Censorship
TechRadar reported that websites, including Wikipedia and voting information websites, were blocked in Venezuela beginning on 28 July.[221]
VE Sin Filtro , a non-governmental organization that monitors internet censorship, reported that more than 60 news providers are blocked in Venezuela, including 17 new sites that were blocked after the election campaigns started.[222][223]
Ex Clé
The Argentine firm Ex Clé provided the technological platform for voting in the presidential election.[224] Significant transactions moving from Venezuela through Ex Clé's accounts in banks in Uruguay and the United States triggered alerts from Argentina's Anti-Money Laundering Unit.[224] The firm, which owns the voting machines and electronic counting software, came under suspicion, according to Infobae, when the Argentine anti-money laundering unit reported "the triangulation of funds (by EX Clé) through third countries without apparent economic justification" and "transfers abroad whose destinations could be questionable", among other concerns according to Argentine Law No. 25,246 on money laundering.[224]
Endorsements
After she was barred from running, Machado's endorsement of González was an important factor in the election[225] as he gained support from even former socialist supporters of the government,[226] along with support from the Machado-led opposition.[227][228]
Opinion polls
As of July 2024, most polls favored González Urrutia to win by a wide margin; this trend was particularly true from the higher-quality pollsters in Venezuela.[229][230][231][232][233][234][235]
An exit poll by Edison Research—which, according to The Guardian, "conducts high-profile election polling in the US and other countries"—gave González 65% of the vote and Maduro 31%.[236][237]
Alleged manipulation of polls
![](Https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Election_campaign_2024_Venezuela_09.jpg/260px-Election_campaign_2024_Venezuela_09.jpg)
During the run-up to the election, several news outlets reported on the proliferation of polls favoring Maduro published since May 2024 by previously unknown polling firms,[238][239][240] fuelling concerns that some polls were being used as propaganda tools by Chavismo.[241] These poll results differed significantly from those published by more traditional pollsters, which showed Maduro trailing.[239]
According to Medianálisis, Efecto Cocuyo, Cazadores de Fake News and Probox, working with the Latin American Center for Investigative Journalism, these polls were being used to discredit opposition candidates[240] in what some outlets called a "poll war".[239] Polls showing Maduro ahead were predominantly disseminated by media outlets claimed to be pro-Maduro, such as Globovisión, El Universal, Venezuela News , Correo del Orinoco and NotiTarde.[242]
Six pollsters consistently placed opposition candidate González in first place, while others placed Maduro in front. Well-known pollsters in the Venezuelan political sphere, such as Datanálisis, Datincorp, Delphos, and Consultores 21, along with the emerging Poder y Estrategia, indicated that Urrutia had more than 50% of voting intentions.[241] Results by lesser-known firms Hinterlaces, ICS Latam, IMC Orientación, and DataViva, among others, showed Maduro with between 54% and 70% of votes.[241] Results by CECA Consultores showed a technical tie slightly favoring the opposition.[241]
On 28 May, Colombian newspaper El Tiempo named IdeaDatos and Data Viva as examples of suspicious pollsters.[238] NTN24 singled out Insight in June 2024, writing that "Eight of ten [recent] polls give the winner to the opposition candidate, Edmundo González Urrutia, and the only two that give victory to ... Maduro, are unknown firms and their social media accounts are recent", adding that IdeaDatos and PoliAnalítico "actively campaign for Nicolás Maduro".[239][243]
Venezuelan independent journalism website Efecto Cocuyo published several detailed exposés of pollsters, alleging faulty methodology, systematic bias in favor of Maduro, and repeated dissemination of their polls by pro-Maduro outlets. Polling firms alleged to be unreliable include IdeaDatos, CMIDE, Parametrica, Hinterlaces, IMC Orientación, and ICS Latam.[244][245][246]
Exit polls
Pollster | Date conducted | Sample size | Nicolás Maduro PSUV |
Edmundo González PUD |
---|---|---|---|---|
Edison Research[236] | 28 July 2024 | 6,846 | 31% | 65% |
Meganalisis[247] | 28 July 2024 | 14% | 65% |
After the official confirmation of candidates
Pollster | Date(s) conducted | Sample size | Nicolás Maduro PSUV |
Edmundo González PUD |
Luis Eduardo Martínez AD |
Antonio Ecarri Lápiz |
Benjamín Rausseo CONDE |
Claudio Fermín SPV |
Javier Bertucci El Cambio |
José Brito PV |
Daniel Ceballos AREPA |
Enrique Márquez CG |
Others | Undecided | None/Not voting | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
28 July 2024 | Presidential election | |||||||||||||||||
25 July 2024 | End of the electoral campaigns | |||||||||||||||||
21 July 2024 | Closing of the legal period for polling | |||||||||||||||||
Poder y Estrategia[248] | 15–20 July 2024 | 1,100 | 21% | 64% | 1% | 2% | 2% | 1% | 2% | 0.2% | 0.4% | 0.4% | - | 6% | - | |||
Hercon Consultores[249][250] | 19 July 2024 | 1,200 | 29.8% | 63.3% | 0.8% | 1.2% | 1.5% | - | 0.6% | - | - | - | 0.5% | 2.3% | - | |||
4 July 2024 | Start of the electoral campaigns | |||||||||||||||||
Hercon Consultores[251] | 20 June – 3 July 2024 | 1,200 | 28.1% | 62.1% | 0.6% | 1.3% | 2.6% | - | 0.5% | - | - | - | 0.4% | 1.5% | 3% | |||
ORC Consultores[252] | 22–28 June 2024 | 1,177 | 14.5% | 58.6% | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 4.3% | 22.6% | ||||
Meganalisis[253][254][255] | 17–22 June 2024 | 1,123 | 11.3% | 68.4% | - | 1.8% | 0.7% | - | 1.5% | - | - | 0.2% | 0.6% | 8.3% | 7.2% | |||
Hercon Consultores[256] | 10 June 2024 | 1,000 | 24.1% | 61.1% | 0.8% | 2.8% | 4.5% | - | 0.7% | - | - | - | 1% | 2.5% | 2.5% | |||
Meganalisis[257][258][259] | 16–23 May 2024 | 1,116 | 9.8% | 61.1% | - | 1.1% | 0.9% | - | 1.3% | - | - | 0.3% | 0.7% | 16.7% | 8.1% | |||
Hercon Consultores[260] | 3 May 2024 | 1,000 | 22.5% | 58.8% | 2% | 3.1% | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1.2% | 2.2% | 10.2% | |||
Consultores 21[261] | 23 April – 2 May 2024 | 1,004 | 32% | 50% | - | 5% | 13% | - | 11% | - | - | 4% | - | - | - | |||
Datincorp[262] | 28 April 2024 | 1,200 | 18% | 50% | 1.75% | 0.92% | 3.42% | 1.5% | 2.25% | 0.33% | 0.25% | 0.75% | N/A | |||||
Meganalisis[263][264][265] | 25–28 April 2024 | 1,009 | 11.2% | 32.4% | - | 0.9% | 1.1% | - | - | - | - | - | 2.0% | 33.1% | 19.3% | |||
More Consulting[266] | 19 April 2024 | - | 21.6% | 45.8% | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Before the official confirmation of candidates
Pollster | Date(s) conducted | Margin of error | Sample size | Nicolás Maduro PSUV Great Patriotic Pole(incumbent) |
María Corina Machado (disq.) Unitary Platform |
Corina Yoris (ineligible) Unitary Platform |
Edmundo González Unitary Platform | Benjamín Rausseo Independent |
Manuel Rosales A New Era |
Henrique Capriles Justice First |
Juan Guaidó Popular Will |
Others | Undecided | None/Not voting |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
22 April 2024 | Luis Ratti and Juan Carlos Alvarado withdraw from the presidential race, endorse Luis Eduardo Martínez | |||||||||||||
19 April 2024 | Manuel Rosales withdraws from the presidential race, endorses Edmundo González. Machado and Yoris also endorse González | |||||||||||||
Meganalisis[267][268][269] | 2–7 April 2024 | 3.43% | 1,002 | 13.2% | - | - | - | 1.3% | 5.8% | - | - | 2.9% | 14.7% | 62.1% |
10.4% | - | 37.9% | - | 1.4% | 2.5% | - | - | 3.4% | 27.2% | 17.2% | ||||
9.4% | 70.8% | - | - | 1.2% | 2.2% | - | - | 2.2% | 5.1% | 9.1% | ||||
27 March 2024 | The Unitary Platform registers Edmundo González Urrutia as a temporary candidate | |||||||||||||
26 March 2024 | The National Electoral Council prevents Corina Yoris from registering as presidential candidate. Manuel Rosales registers | |||||||||||||
22 March 2024 | María Corina Machado announces that Corina Yoris will take Machado's place as the nominee of the Unitary Platform | |||||||||||||
Meganalisis[270][271][272] | 7–13 March 2024 | 3.41% | 1,010 | 7.4% | 69.1% | - | 0.8% | - | - | - | 1.3% | 12.8% | 8.6% | |
Datincorp[273] | 25 February 2024 | 2.83% | 1,200 | 13.92% | 55% | - | 4.83% | - | - | - | 3.25% | 8.58% | 14.92% | |
26 January 2024 | The Supreme Tribunal of Justice of Venezuela upholds the ban of Maria Corina Machado, disqualifying her | |||||||||||||
Meganalisis[274] | 22–31 January 2024 | 1,029 | 7.9% | 71.80% | - | 0.9% | - | - | - | 1.0% | 10.3% | 8.1% | ||
Meganalisis[275] | 24–28 November 2023 | N/A | 896 | 7.90% | 72.70% | - | 0.6% | - | - | - | 0.1% | 10.2% | 8.4% | |
22 October 2023 | Maria Corina Machado wins the 2023 Unitary Platform presidential primaries | |||||||||||||
Meganalisis[276] | 31 July 2023 | N/A | 1,013 | 12.10% | 50.10% | - | 0.9% | - | - | - | 0.1% | 23.9% | 12.9% | |
Meganalisis[276] | 31 July 2023 | N/A | 1,013 | 11.50% | 32.88% | - | - | - | 4.41% | - | 13.01% | 24.65% | 13.55% | |
30 June 2023 | Venezuela's controller general bars María Corina Machado from running for political office for 15 years | |||||||||||||
Meganalisis | 30 June 2023 | N/A | 1,011 | 6.90% | 31.50% | - | - | - | 5.51% | - | 1.21% | 25.23% | ||
Datincorp[277] | 5 February 2023 | N/A | 1,192 | 15.69% | 16.86% | - | 11.91% | 9.23% | 6.8% | 2.27% | 5.7% | 7.47% | 24.08% |
By party affiliation
Pollster | Date | Margin of error | Sample Size | Great Patriotic Pole (Chavismo) | Unitary Platform | Other | Undecided | Not voting |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Datincorp[278] | 25 February 2024 | N/A | 1,198 | 14.4% | 53% | - | 11% | 21.5% |
Meganalisis[276] | 31 July 2023 | - | 1,013 | 11.5% | 76.1% | - | 12.4% | N/A |
Consultores 21[279] | 29 March 2023 | - | 1,500 | 25.4% | 55.1% | - | 10.3% | 9.2% |
Hercon Consultores[280] | 3 February 2023 | - | 1,000 | 17.2% | 20.1% | - | 62.7% | N/A |
Results
According to The New York Times, "Maduro was declared the winner in a presidential vote ... marred by irregularities"; these irregularities included "polling places [that] refused to release paper tallies of the electronic vote count, and ... widespread reports of fraud and voter intimidation", results that varied "wildly" from public opinion polls and voting center samples, "major irregularities and problems at those voting centers", and blocking of legal monitors from polling places.[281]
The Carter Center, which sent a small team of observers, stated that there was a "complete lack of transparency" and that the election "did not meet international standards", "cannot be considered democratic", and had occurred in "an environment of restricted freedoms" and "clear bias" from electoral authorities; they could not verify the results from the electoral authority.[145][146]
The United Nations sent a small panel of experts who spent a month in Caracas, and was expected to produce only a confidential report for internal purposes. It released its report publicly on 13 August, and according to the Associated Press, "harshly criticized" the CNE for declaring Maduro the winner before having table-level results.[20] The report stated that the premature declaration of a winner "had no precedent in contemporary democratic elections", and that the election process lacked “basic transparency and integrity".[148] It concluded that the tally sheets produced by the opposition appeared to have security features that indicate "a key transparency safeguard may be available, as intended, with respect to any officially released results".[20] Venezuela's Foreign Minister Yván Gil rejected the report as false and called it part of "a series of lies" and a "far right" plot.[282]
Tally sheets
Opposition groups stated their intent the day after the election to publish the detailed electoral results in the form of scanned copies of the tally sheets (actas de escrutinio) and other digital formats[7]: 21 on a website resultadospresidencialesvenezuela2024.com[14][21] where registered voters can check the results for their place of voting. According to La Patilla, Venezuelan authorities blocked access to the server on Venezuelan internet providers. La Patilla recommended the use of VPNs for accessing the website.[15] The opposition reported that, on 31 July, more than 44 million website attacks were prevented, with more than 32 million users consulting the database in 24 hours.[283]
On 1 August, presidents Gabriel Boric of Chile, Gustavo Petro of Colombia, Lula da Silva of Brazil, and Andrés Manuel López Obrador of Mexico called for the CNE to publish its version of the tally sheets and the full vote counts.[284][285] The following day, the Supreme Tribunal of Justice asked the CNE to provide the nationwide tally sheets and summed reports within three calendar days.[286]
Parallel vote tabulation
In the AltaVista PVT project with a preregistered statistical sampling method of parallel vote tabulation,[287] a team of statisticians applied their method by photographing results from 997 polling stations and inferring the national vote shares. They found 66.1% for González and 31.4% for Maduro, each with an error margin of 0.5%. The participation rate was estimated as 60.1%.[288][289]
Turnout and voter changes
According to The New York Times, government officials believed that "a combination of high turnout among loyalists and suppressing the vote for the opposition" would assure a win for the incumbent party. But many voters who traditionally had supported the government had left Venezuela or had "turned from Mr. Maduro", so that "the financial muscle of an oil state to bring supporters to the polls" failed to produce the desired result. Efforts by the Maduro government to revive economic growth by privatizing the economy led to reduced public spending, including the handouts and social services traditionally used to mobilize the vote. In previous campaigns, one PSUV organizer explained, the government "gave out everything from motorbikes to refrigerators", while in this election campaign, "all she got was boxes of poor-quality food and house paint".[290]
Results announced by the National Electoral Council (CNE)
The CNE announced initial results on 29 July.[16] As of 21 August, the CNE had not released any tally sheets or voter data to support its results.[19][291] On 29 July, CNE head Elvis Amoroso alleged that CNE had been the victim of a cyberattack and accused the opposition of orchestrating it;[292] no evidence was presented.[293][294][294] On both 31 July and 1 August, the CNE announced that it would release the second bulletin of the results.[295] On 2 August, the CNE announced a second bulletin of votes, still in favor of Maduro, but still without tally sheets or other polling station level details.[296] Jennie Lincoln, who headed the Carter Center observation of the election, rejected the results again as not being transparent, and stated that Venezuela was able to provide individual table tallies as they had done so in past elections.[297]
Journalists from The Washington Post analyzed the tally sheet scans published online by the opposition, and looked at "hundreds" of physical paper tally sheets stored by the opposition in secret locations. The journalists interviewed several of the people whose signatures appear on the physical tally sheets, and stated that the physical tally sheets appear to be authentic. They state that the physical tally sheets match the corresponding online scans. The journalists analysed 23,720 of the online tally sheets—those whose QR codes they were successfully able to extract from the images, constituting 97% of the online total, finding that González won 67% of the vote and Maduro 30%.[22]
Sequences of zeros in the CNE values
![](Https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Decimales_de_los_resultados_del_CNE_de_las_elecciones_presidenciales_de_Venezuela_de_2024.gif/300px-Decimales_de_los_resultados_del_CNE_de_las_elecciones_presidenciales_de_Venezuela_de_2024.gif)
The CNE's 29 July counts of 5,150,092 votes for Maduro, 4,445,978 votes for González, and 462,704 other votes and a total of 10,058,774 votes,[16] released on 29 July 2024, correspond, to a precision of 5 decimal places, to 51.20000%, 44.20000%, and 4.60000%, respectively.[16] In the 2 August CNE results, the invalid/null vote count is 0.41000% at a precision of 5 decimal places.[298] These sequences of successive zeros were discussed as a possible sign of fraud.[299][17][300] Argentine journalist Matías Mowzet noticed that writing the three values as percentages rounded to five decimal places gave sequences ending in four zeros for each of the three values. The votes for Maduro, González and others correspond to the percentages 51.20000%, 44.20000% and 4.6000%, respectively.[17]
For the vote counts to correspond to percentages that have zeros in the second to fifth decimal places is an unlikely coincidence,[18][301] with a probability of around one in a hundred million, as discussed by Kiko Llaneras, a statistician writing in El País,[17] mathematician Terence Tao,[300] and statistician Andrew Gelman.[302] El Espectador interpreted this as likely fraud.[17] Infobae also stated that improbability raised suspicion about the 29 July CNE statement of the results.[18]
Tao described a Bayesian analysis considering the null hypothesis that the 29 July CNE counts are authentic, and the alternative hypothesis that they are fraudulent. He found that the probability of the official counts occurring is "extremely small" in the case of the counts being authentic (the null hypothesis) and that there is a "plausible causal chain ... that leads to an elevated probability" of the official counts occurring for the hypothesis of manipulation (the alternative hypothesis). The causal chain of the manipulation hypothesis is that a decision was made to manipulate the data, officials followed orders to report vote counts based on a given rounded percentage, and other officials raised no objections to the fabricated counts.[300]
On 2 August, Elvis Amoroso made a new statement, asserting that 96.87% of the ballots had been counted, accounting for 12,335,884 valid votes and 50,785 null/invalid votes, giving a total of 12,386,669 votes cast,[298][303] which corresponds to 0.41000% of null/invalid votes at a precision of 5 decimal places.
Candidate | Party or alliance | Votes | % | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nicolás Maduro | Great Patriotic Pole | PSUV | 6,408,844 | 51.95 | ||
Edmundo González | Unitary Platform | Independent | 5,326,104 | 43.18 | ||
Luis Eduardo Martínez | Democratic Action | 152,360 | 1.24 | |||
Antonio Ecarri | Pencil Alliance | 116,421 | 0.94 | |||
Benjamín Rausseo | National Democratic Confederation | 92,903 | 0.75 | |||
José Brito | Venezuela First | 84,231 | 0.68 | |||
Javier Bertucci | Hope for Change | 64,452 | 0.52 | |||
Claudio Fermín | Solutions for Venezuela | 40,902 | 0.33 | |||
Enrique Márquez | Centrados en la Gente | 29,611 | 0.24 | |||
Daniel Ceballos | Country Renewal and Hope Assembly | 20,056 | 0.16 | |||
Total | 12,335,884 | 100.00 | ||||
Valid votes | 12,335,884 | 99.59 | ||||
Invalid/blank votes | 50,785 | 0.41 | ||||
Total votes | 12,386,669 | 100.00 | ||||
Registered voters/turnout | 21,392,464 | 57.90 | ||||
Source: Canal N,[304] Efecto Cocuyo[298] |
Results announced by the Democratic Unitary Platform (PUD)
![](Https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Mesas_Gonzalez_to_Maduro_ratio_data_release_version1.svg/220px-Mesas_Gonzalez_to_Maduro_ratio_data_release_version1.svg.png)
A database which allowed Venezuelans to use their national identity card to verify vote tallies was released by the PUD on 30 July, which they said reflected 73% of the votes cast. The database shows scans of the vote tally sheets, with votes cast for each candidate at each voting place gathered during the electoral process. As of 21 August,[19] the government has not released a similar accounting, which the Carter Center said was needed.[305][134] Opposition groups released a CSV-format file with the polling-station level data for 24,532 polling stations.[138] At the mesa (table) level in version 1 of the tally sheets, 86.60% of the mesas had more votes for González than for Maduro, 0.17% tied exactly, and 13.23% had more votes for Maduro.[138]
An independent analysis of the count released by PUD was conducted by the Associated Press and corroborated the opposition results. The Associated Press stated that it could not independently verify the authenticity of the published tally sheets.[21] On 3 August 2024, the Colombian civil society network Electoral Observation Mission (MOE) published its analysis of the PUD results, finding them fully self-consistent. MOE called for the CNE to publish the polling station tally sheets and audit the full chain of transmission of information.[306] MOE stated that González necessarily won the election based on the publicly available tally sheets analysed by MOE (73.1% of the total), since the missing sheets were too few to give a majority to Maduro, even if 100% of the votes on the missing tally sheets were for Maduro.[302]
A study from political scientist Dorothy Kronick, described by The New York Times as "an expert on Venezuelan electoral data at the University of California, Berkeley",[307] stated that the opposition data "almost certainly reflects actual votes cast".[19][308]
Mebane statistical analysis of opposition vote data
![](Https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Elecciones_presidenciales_de_Venezuela_de_2024_-_Resultado_por_parroquias_%28Comando_con_Venezuela%29.svg/220px-Elecciones_presidenciales_de_Venezuela_de_2024_-_Resultado_por_parroquias_%28Comando_con_Venezuela%29.svg.png)
A working paper published by Walter Mebane, that used statistical tools for electoral forensics, found no evidence of incremental or extreme fraud in the opposition-published results. He found no evidence of incremental or extreme fraud in the election minutes as published by the opposition. Using these minutes, he calculated that the probability of no fraud having occurred in the opposition tallies (π1) at 99.97%. He also calculated that the probability of incremental fraud having occurred (π2) at 0.0185% and that extreme fraud having occurred (π3) at 0.0114%.[309][11]
Mebane identified only two polling stations where fraud may have occurred; however, using a 99.5% credibility interval, it is not possible to state that this occurred in these two polls. Mebane's paper compared the results of other elections in Venezuela between 2000 and 2013. The tallies provided by the opposition in the 2024 elections have the highest probability of no fraud.[309]
Candidate | Party or alliance | Votes | % | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Edmundo González | Unitary Platform | Independent | 7,303,480 | 67.08 | ||
Nicolás Maduro | Great Patriotic Pole | PSUV | 3,316,142 | 30.46 | ||
Luis Eduardo Martínez | Democratic Action | 86,225 | 0.79 | |||
Antonio Ecarri | Pencil Alliance | 51,011 | 0.47 | |||
Benjamín Rausseo | National Democratic Confederation | 38,620 | 0.35 | |||
Enrique Márquez | Centrados en la Gente | 26,067 | 0.24 | |||
José Brito | Venezuela First | 22,097 | 0.20 | |||
Javier Bertucci | Hope for Change | 20,404 | 0.19 | |||
Claudio Fermín | Solutions for Venezuela | 12,632 | 0.12 | |||
Daniel Ceballos | Country Renewal and Hope Assembly | 10,584 | 0.10 | |||
Total | 10,887,262 | 100.00 | ||||
Valid votes | 10,887,262 | 99.99 | ||||
Invalid/blank votes | 1,213 | 0.01 | ||||
Total votes | 10,888,475 | 100.00 | ||||
Registered voters/turnout | 18,122,062 | 61.35 | ||||
Source: https://resultadosconvzla.com version 2 (full csv source;[310] registered voters v2, Archived 7 August 2024 at the Wayback Machine) |
States won by Edmundo González (24) |
States won by Nicolás Maduro (0) |
State | Edmundo González |
Nicolás Maduro![]() |
Others | Difference | Blank/Null | Total/Participation† | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | |
Amazonas | 27,219 | 59.44 | 17,374 | 37.94 | 1,199 | 2.62 | 9,845 | 21.50 | 3 | 0.01 | 45,792 | 60.44 |
Anzoátegui | 420,436 | 66.50 | 194,786 | 30.81 | 16,968 | 2.68 | 225,650 | 35.69 | 62 | 0.01 | 632,190 | 61.06 |
Apure | 134,935 | 62.96 | 75,297 | 35.13 | 4,083 | 1.91 | 59,638 | 27.83 | 28 | 0.01 | 214,315 | 59.72 |
Aragua | 487,938 | 67.43 | 212,285 | 29.34 | 23,376 | 3.23 | 275,653 | 38.09 | 99 | 0.01 | 723,599 | 60.06 |
Barinas | 282,585 | 74.49 | 90,236 | 23.78 | 6,562 | 1.73 | 192,349 | 50.70 | 35 | 0.01 | 379,383 | 62.76 |
Bolívar | 343,845 | 71.22 | 126,557 | 26.22 | 12,360 | 2.56 | 217,288 | 45.01 | 73 | 0.02 | 482,762 | 58.00 |
Carabobo | 466,744 | 70.60 | 175,133 | 26.49 | 19,230 | 2.91 | 291,611 | 44.11 | 58 | 0.01 | 661,107 | 58.17 |
Cojedes | 109,083 | 62.83 | 60,242 | 34.70 | 4,285 | 2.47 | 48,841 | 28.13 | 11 | 0.01 | 173,610 | 66.25 |
Delta Amacuro | 30,074 | 53.44 | 24,797 | 44.07 | 1,402 | 2.49 | 5,277 | 9.38 | 10 | 0.02 | 56,273 | 55.49 |
Capital District | 505,956 | 64.06 | 256,288 | 32.45 | 27,633 | 3.50 | 249,668 | 31.61 | 121 | 0.02 | 789,877 | 59.28 |
Falcón | 301,236 | 70.77 | 114,586 | 26.92 | 9,860 | 2.32 | 186,650 | 43.85 | 55 | 0.01 | 425,682 | 61.07 |
Guárico | 220,995 | 64.02 | 116,636 | 33.79 | 7,556 | 2.19 | 104,359 | 30.23 | 35 | 0.01 | 345,187 | 66.41 |
La Guaira | 97,550 | 60.87 | 57,761 | 36.04 | 4,957 | 3.09 | 39,789 | 24.83 | 17 | 0.01 | 160,268 | 63.97 |
Lara | 496,527 | 68.05 | 214,692 | 29.42 | 18,432 | 2.53 | 281,835 | 38.63 | 71 | 0.01 | 729,651 | 64.98 |
Mérida | 303,767 | 76.90 | 84,482 | 21.39 | 6,778 | 1.72 | 219,285 | 55.51 | 36 | 0.01 | 395,027 | 62.91 |
Miranda | 650,242 | 65.58 | 310,809 | 31.35 | 30,483 | 3.07 | 339,433 | 34.23 | 126 | 0.01 | 991,534 | 57.34 |
Monagas | 201,689 | 60.36 | 125,364 | 37.52 | 7,095 | 2.12 | 76,325 | 22.84 | 50 | 0.01 | 334,148 | 60.86 |
Nueva Esparta | 152,448 | 66.39 | 71,115 | 30.97 | 6,058 | 2.64 | 81,333 | 35.42 | 16 | 0.01 | 229,621 | 61.72 |
Portuguesa | 281,482 | 64.05 | 147,673 | 33.60 | 10,293 | 2.34 | 133,809 | 30.45 | 57 | 0.01 | 439,448 | 68.27 |
Sucre | 220,214 | 50.03 | 209,600 | 47.61 | 10,390 | 2.36 | 10,614 | 2.41 | 33 | 0.01 | 440,204 | 64.00 |
Táchira | 398,690 | 81.89 | 79,224 | 16.27 | 8,937 | 1.84 | 319,466 | 65.62 | 45 | 0.01 | 486,851 | 57.54 |
Trujillo | 222,227 | 63.93 | 119,730 | 34.44 | 5,645 | 1.62 | 102,497 | 29.49 | 32 | 0.01 | 347,602 | 63.43 |
Yaracuy | 180,683 | 60.64 | 109,678 | 36.81 | 7,612 | 2.55 | 71,005 | 23.83 | 19 | 0.01 | 297,973 | 66.40 |
Zulia | 766,915 | 69.39 | 321,797 | 29.12 | 16,446 | 1.49 | 445,118 | 40.28 | 121 | 0.01 | 1,105,158 | 51.48 |
Total | 7,303,480 | 67.08 | 3,316,142 | 30.46 | 267,640 | 2.46 | 3,987,338 | 36.62 | 1,213 | 0.01 | 10,887,262 | 60.07 |
Source: version 2 (full csv source[310]); †the column of participation percentages is from version 1;[138] see also: tally sheet scans |
Reactions
On 30 July, the Carter Center issued a harsh rebuke of the election authorities,[145][311] stating there was a "complete lack of transparency" and that the election "cannot be considered democratic".[146]
Fraud allegations
Anne Applebaum wrote in The Atlantic that it "was absolutely clear by [31 July] that ... the election had been stolen".[288] Independent observers have described the election results as arbitrary, even by Venezuelan standards, according to The Guardian.[236]
Political scientist Steven Levitsky called the vote "one of the most egregious electoral frauds in modern Latin American history."[23]
Political scientist Dalson Figueiredo of the Federal University of Pernambuco, one of the authors of the AltaVista parallel vote tabulation project, stated: "After analyzing our own data, seeing the opposition's results and how they both match up, my conclusion is that we're witnessing the largest electoral fraud in the history of Latin America."[22]
Domestic
![](Https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Machado_y_Gonz%C3%A1lez_protestando_contra_el_fraude_presidencial_en_Venezuela_de_2024.jpg/240px-Machado_y_Gonz%C3%A1lez_protestando_contra_el_fraude_presidencial_en_Venezuela_de_2024.jpg)
Supporting the PUD/González win announcement, María Corina Machado and Edmundo González rejected the results from the CNE and claimed victory.[312] On 31 July, Maduro alleged that the US was fomenting civil war in Venezuela.[313] González, at an event accompanied by Machado, said "The Venezuelans and the entire world know what happened ... Our struggle continues and we will not rest until the will of the Venezuelan people is respected".[312]
The Communist Party of Venezuela objected to the CNE announcement and called for the complete election results to be published.[314]
Supporting the CNE's announcement of his victory, Maduro described the result as "a triumph of peace and stability".[315] Candidates Benjamín Rausseo, Daniel Ceballos, Luis Eduardo Martínez and José Brito recognized the official results.[316] The latter three were nominated by intervened parties.[194] Although still maintaining that he won, Maduro acknowledged the unrest in Venezuela. He blamed the turmoil on "international Zionism", referencing an antisemitic trope that Jews control the world.[317][318]
A Meganálisis poll of 1,007 people in Venezuela from 8 to 11 August found that 93% of respondents believe Maduro lost the election, with the majority of Venezuelans expressing anger, anxiety, indignation, and feelings of helplessness after the election. Venezuelans who responded that they were happy were 2.8%, and the poll found that 40% hoped to leave the country before the end of 2024.[319]
International
The election results released by the government-controlled National Electoral Council (CNE) were followed by a mixture of scepticism and criticism from the leaders of most Latin American countries. Some Latin American countries—including Cuba, Honduras, and Nicaragua—recognized and congratulated Maduro as the election winner.[25][24] Some world leaders expressed skepticism of the claimed results and did not recognize the CNE claims;[24][26][25] however, The Washington Post reported that "Russia, China, Iran and Cuba were among those to congratulate Maduro".[26]
![](Https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Edmundo_Gonz%C3%A1lez_recognition_map.svg/310px-Edmundo_Gonz%C3%A1lez_recognition_map.svg.png)
President Gabriel Boric of Chile was the first foreign leader to question the CNE result, stating that the "results are difficult to believe".[320] President Daniel Noboa of Ecuador warned that "that is the danger of dictatorship, and today we are witnessing how one more of them tries to take hope away from millions of Venezuelans."[25] Condemnation from some countries, including Costa Rica, El Salvador, Peru and Uruguay described the CNE result in terms of fraud or corruption.[25][24][320] Harsh criticism came from President Javier Milei of Argentina, who called Maduro a dictator.[25][321]
The three leftist presidents of Brazil, Colombia and Mexico[288][322][285] were quick in demanding that all votes be counted, along with full transparency of all ballot records from each precinct.[323] Mexico and Colombia rejected the results and called for transparency and verification.[2][25] The Colombian government called for the "total vote count, its verification and independent audit to be carried out as soon as possible".[25] President Luís Inácio Lula da Silva of Brazil called the controversy a "normal" process, but asked for the release of the total vote tally.[324] President Andrés Manuel López Obrador of Mexico said on 30 July that the vote tallies should be publicized, but he saw no evidence of fraud.[325] On 1 August, the three presidents released a joint statement of concern over post-election violence, and asking for "impartial verification of results"[285] quickly, at the disaggregated level.[284] Officials from the three nations—whose governments are allied with Maduro according to the Associated Press (AP)—have worked with the government and the opposition, "seeking a solution to the country's political crisis".[326] The AP writes that the opposition has reason to be wary of recommendations from this group to "follow Venezuelan laws and appear before the appropriate institutions", since the "ruling party controls every aspect of government, including the justice system, and uses it to defeat and repress real and perceived opponents".[326]
United States Secretary of State Antony Blinken initially expressed doubts about the veracity of the results from the CNE,[25][327] and on 1 August, said there was "overwhelming evidence" that González won.[328] He called for talks and a peaceful transition,[313] but the US has not referred to González as president-elect.[329][a] The Miami Herald wrote on 7 August that Mark Wells, a State Department official, suggested in a phone call with reporters that the US was deferring to ongoing negotiations between Maduro and the Brazil, Colombia and Mexico, while spokesperson Matthew Miller said they weren't yet endorsing a president-elect.[329]
The day after the election, nine Latin American countries (Argentina, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Guatemala, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay[333][334]) called for an emergency meeting of the Organization of American States (OAS), for 31 July.[335][336] The member states did not reach consensus on a resolution.[337][338] OAS Secretary General Luis Almagro—referencing the ongoing investigation in the International Criminal Court (ICC) of Venezuela for crimes against humanity—said he would petition the ICC for the arrest of Maduro. Prior to the election, Maduro had stated that if he did not win, there would be a "bloodbath, a civil war"; Almagro said Maduro was fulfilling that promise and it was time for justice.[177]
Peru was the first country to recognize González as Venezuela's president-elect, on 30 July.[339][27] Peru had recalled its ambassador from Venezuela on 29 July,[25][321] and expelled the Venezuelan diplomats from Peru the next day.[340][341] In response, Venezuela severed diplomatic relations with Peru.[339][342] Panama suspended diplomatic relations with Venezuela.[343] Venezuela also expelled diplomats from Argentina, Chile, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, Panama and Uruguay; as of 1 August, Brazil took over running the Caracas embassies of Argentina and Peru.[342][344]
Aftermath: political crisis
Following the announcements of election results, a national and international political crisis developed.[345][290][346]
Protests
Venezuelan citizens who considered the results to be fraudulent took to the streets in ongoing protests.[347][348][349] As of 15 August, 25 people had been killed during protests nationwide.[319] Amnesty International and other human rights organizations "condemned the repressive actions of the Nicolás Maduro regime in Venezuela and demanded that it guarantee the right to protest and full respect for the rights to life, personal integrity and freedom".[350][351]
Crackdown
Maduro accuses the opposition of promoting a coup.[352] In a crackdown by security forces following the elections,[353][354][355] he mentioned using Operation Tun Tun; BBC News stated that "rights groups say it consists of the authorities going door-to-door to detain those with links to the protests or the opposition".[352] Maduro ordered two prisons to be rehabilitated to contain the large number of detainees.[356]
After Diosdado Cabello and Jorge Rodríguez suggested that Machado and González go to prison,[293][357] Maduro asked authorities to apply "maximum justice" and accused them of being leaders of violent groups.[358] On 1 August, Machado published a letter in The Wall Street Journal, stating that she had gone in to hiding "fearing for my life, my freedom".[359] In a 19 August interview, Tarek Saab, suggested that opposition leaders could be charged as intellectual authors of the deaths that occurred in post-electoral violence.[103]
Freddy Superlano, a former candidate, was detained by masked men two days after the election,[305][354] and held on unknown charges at El Helicoide along with detained journalist Roland Carreño .[360] After the election, supporters and representatives of the opposition, as well as journalists, have been detained.[352][361][362][222] Opposition leaders said that citizens who witnessed the vote tally sheets in the electoral process (poll watchers) were persecuted and detained.[353]
The press and social media have been subject to censorship.[222][363][364] The legislature passed a new law "to more tightly regulate non-governmental organizations, amid criticism of a government crackdown".[365]
Transparency in vote reporting and Supreme Court audit
Opposition leaders, world leaders and observers urged Maduro to make the vote tallies at the polling station level public,[30] which had not happened as of 21 August.[19] Refusing to cede power,[28] Maduro instead asked the Supreme Tribunal of Justice on 1 August to audit and approve the results.[29][30][31][32]
The BBC stated that the TSJ review is "likely to be conducted behind closed doors" where only members will see the tallies. The Carter Center, anticipating this move, stated that "the TSJ is another government institution, appointed by the government ... not an independent assessment".[30] Efecto Cocuyo questioned the independence of the TSJ observers.[366]
As anticipated,[30][33][34][367] after reviewing materials submitted, the Supreme Justice Tribunal (TSJ), composed of justices loyal to Maduro, validated the CNE's statements of a win by Maduro; the opposition and other observers have characterized their ruling as invalid, stating that the high court has no constitutional authority over elections.[19][29][32][33] The court stated that the opposition vote tallies were falsified; the Associated Press wrote that the Maduro administration "has claimed—without evidence—that a foreign cyberattack staged by hackers from North Macedonia delayed the vote counting on election night and publication of the disaggregated results."[32] Caryslia Rodríguez , president of the court, said that a criminal investigation would be conducted regarding "presumably false" results that were published.[29]
Transition proposals
Negotiated peaceful transition of power proposals include an exit deal[368][369][370] and power-sharing;[371] repeating the election was also proposed.[31] Machado said the opposition was willing to negotiate for Maduro to recognize González's win, but said the electoral victory was non-negotiable and the opposition would not agree to power-sharing.[370] Both the opposition and the Maduro government rejected the idea of repeat elections—both stating they had already won.[372][373] Amnesty proposals have been advanced and denied.[374][375]
See also
- 2020 Myanmar general election
- 1989 Panamanian general election
- 1988 Mexican general election
- 1986 Philippine presidential election
Notes
References
- ^ a b Otis, John; Kahn, Carrie (26 July 2024). "What to know about Venezuela's election, as Maduro faces stiff opposition". NPR. Archived from the original on 28 July 2024. Retrieved 29 July 2024.
- ^ a b "Venezuela Will Hold Presidential Elections On July 28: Official". Barrons.com. Archived from the original on 11 June 2024. Retrieved 15 March 2024.
- ^ Glatsky, Genevieve (31 July 2024). "Venezuela's Election Was Deeply Flawed. Here's How". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2 August 2024.
It had already been clear for months that Venezuela's presidential election on Sunday, would not be free or fair, as the government jailed opposition leaders or disqualified them from running for office, and prevented millions of Venezuelans abroad from voting.
- ^ "Maduro regime doubles down on censorship and repression in lead-up to Venezuelan election". ICIJ. 24 July 2024. Archived from the original on 24 July 2024. Retrieved 29 July 2024.
- ^ "Líder da oposição nas pesquisas, María Corina Machado é inabilitada por 15 anos na Venezuela". O Globo (in Brazilian Portuguese). 30 June 2023. Archived from the original on 31 July 2024. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
- ^ "Venezuela's Supreme Court disqualifies opposition leader from running for president". 27 January 2024. Archived from the original on 31 July 2024. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
- ^ a b c d e "Informe del Departamento para la Cooperación y Observación Electoral (DECO) de la Secretaría para el Fortalecimiento de la Democracia de la OEA sobre la elección presidencial de Venezuela para el Secretario General Luis Almagro" [Report of the Department for Electoral Cooperation and Observation (DECO) of the Secretariat for the Strengthening of Democracy of the OAS on the presidential election of Venezuela for the Secretary General Luis Almagro] (PDF) (in Spanish). Organization of American States. 30 July 2024. Wikidata d:Q128129159. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 July 2024. Retrieved 10 August 2024.
- ^ "Venezuela: Statement by the Spokesperson on banning opposition politicians". EEAS. Diplomatic Service of the European Union. 21 January 2024. Archived from the original on 31 July 2024. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
- ^ "Carta al presidente Gustavo Petro sobre inhabilitación de María Corina Machado en Venezuela | Human Rights Watch" (in Spanish). 2 February 2024. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
- ^ "US condemns ban on Venezuelan opposition leader's candidacy and puts sanctions relief under review". AP News. 27 January 2024. Retrieved 12 August 2024.
- ^ a b Rogero, Tiago (6 August 2024). "Evidence shows Venezuela's election was stolen – but will Maduro budge?". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 6 August 2024. Retrieved 6 August 2024.
- ^ Kurmanaev, Anatoly; Singer, Ethan (31 July 2024). "Election Results Presented by Venezuela's Opposition Suggest Maduro Lost Decisively". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 2 August 2024. Retrieved 2 August 2024.
The Times analysis shows that the election tallies provided by the researchers are not compatible with a victory by Mr. Maduro, by any margin.
- ^ a b Wells, Ione (2 August 2024). "Overwhelming evidence Venezuela opposition won election - Blinken". BBC News. Retrieved 2 August 2024.
- ^ a b c "Informacion de Centros y mesas de votacion". resultadospresidencialesvenezuela2024.com.
- ^ a b c "Cómo acceder a la página web para verificar las actas electorales que Maduro bloqueó en Venezuela". La Patilla (in Spanish). 30 July 2024.
- ^ a b c d "CNE announced Nicolás Maduro Moros' victory with 51.20%". ALBA. 29 July 2024. Wikidata d:Q128211222. Archived from the original on 31 July 2024. Retrieved 10 August 2024.
- ^ a b c d e f Gómez Forero, Camilo (31 July 2024). "¿Por qué ver estos decimales ayudaría a hablar de un fraude en Venezuela?"" [Why would seeing these decimals help to talk about fraud in Venezuela?]. El Espectador (in Spanish). Wikidata d:Q128211710. Archived from the original on 31 July 2024. Retrieved 10 August 2024.
- ^ a b c "El burdo cálculo matemático en la información oficial que aumenta las sospechas sobre la manipulación de la elección en Venezuela" [The crude mathematical calculation in the official information increases suspicions about the manipulation of the election in Venezuela]. Infobae (in Spanish). 30 July 2024. Wikidata d:Q128212016. Archived from the original on 31 July 2024. Retrieved 10 August 2024.
- ^ a b c d e f Phillips, Tom (22 August 2024). "Pressure grows on Maduro after top court endorses Venezuela election win". The Guardian. Retrieved 23 August 2024.
- ^ a b c d Goodman, Joshua (13 August 2024). "UN expert panel sent to Venezuela blasts lack of transparency in presidential elections". Associated Press. Retrieved 14 August 2024.
- ^ a b c Garcia Cano, Regina; Goodman, Joshua; Kastanis, Angeliki (2 August 2024). "AP review of Venezuela opposition-provided vote tallies casts doubt on government's election results". Associated Press. Retrieved 3 August 2024.
- ^ a b c Schmidt, Samantha; Rich, Steven; Herrero, Ana Vanessa; Paul, Maria Luisa (4 August 2024). "Maduro lost election, tallies collected by Venezuela's opposition show". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 5 August 2024. Retrieved 5 August 2024.
- ^ a b c d e f g Turkewitz, Julie (30 July 2024). "What Happened to Venezuela's Democracy?". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 30 July 2024. Retrieved 2 August 2024.
- ^ a b c d Jones, Sam (29 July 2024). "'Hard to believe': Venezuela election result met with suspicion abroad". The Guardian. Retrieved 29 July 2024.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Leaders across Americas react to Venezuela election results". Reuters. Retrieved 29 July 2024.
- ^ a b c Schmidt, Samantha; Sands, Leo; Herrero, Vanessa (29 July 2024). "World leaders cast doubt on Maduro's claim of victory in Venezuelan election". The Washington Post. Retrieved 29 July 2024.
- ^ a b Phillips, Tom; Gambino, Lauren (31 July 2024). "Venezuela's Nicolás Maduro blames unrest on far-right conspiracy as isolation grows". The Guardian. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
- ^ a b Phillips, Tom (14 August 2024). "Nicolás Maduro's refusal to quit raises a troubling question for Venezuela: what next?". The Guardian. Retrieved 23 August 2024. Cite error: The named reference "GuardianRefusal" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
- ^ a b c d e "Venezuela's top court ratifies Maduro election win as government tightens control". Reuters. 22 August 2024. Retrieved 22 August 2024.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Buschschlüter, Vanessa (1 August 2024). "Maduro manoeuvring to stay in power in Venezuela". BBC. Archived from the original on 1 August 2024. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
Mr Maduro has turned to Venezuela's top court ... But instead of making the tallies public, he took the unusual step of filing a 'writ of amparo' - a legal move normally used by citizens who think their constitutional rights have been violated. He asked the top court to audit the voting tallies with a view to confirming the results provided by the CNE which handed him another six-year term in power. ... However, this move has already been dismissed by independent bodies, including the Carter Center.
- ^ a b c Tovar, Javier; Agelvis, Barbara (15 August 2024). "Brazil, Colombia urge new Venezuela vote, as opposition cries foul". Agence France-Presse. Yahoo News. Retrieved 16 August 2024.
Maduro has previously rejected the possibility of new elections and asked the country's highest court, also viewed as loyal to him, to certify the outcome.
- ^ a b c d "Venezuela's Supreme Court certifies Maduro's claims that he won presidential election". Associated Press. 22 August 2024. Retrieved 23 August 2024.
Its decision, read Thursday in an event attended by senior officials and foreign diplomats, came in response to a request by Maduro to review vote totals showing he had won by more than 1 million votes.
- ^ a b c Turkewitz, Julie; Glatsky, Genevieve (22 August 2024). "Venezuela's Supreme Court, Loyal to Maduro, Rules Him Election Winner". The New York Times. Retrieved 23 August 2024.
The decision surprised few Venezuelans, as the court has long been used to rubber-stamp the policies of Mr. Maduro, who is likely to use this ruling to strengthen his claim to the presidency.
- ^ a b Vyas, Kejal (22 August 2023). "Maduro's Hand-Picked Supreme Court Calls Him Venezuela's Election Winner". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 23 August 2024.
The court's ruling was expected, as it is stacked with loyalists to Maduro's ruling Socialist Party.
- ^ a b
- Corrales, Javier. "Venezuela's Odd Transition to Dictatorship". Americas Quarterly. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 10 December 2016.
- Brodzinsky, Sibylla (21 October 2016). "Venezuelans warn of 'dictatorship' after officials block bid to recall Maduro". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 9 December 2016. Retrieved 10 December 2016.
- "Almagro: Maduro se transforma en dictador por negarles a venezolanos derecho a decidir su futuro". CNN en Español (in Spanish). 24 August 2016. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 10 December 2016.
- ^ "Venezuela blackout, in 2nd day, threatens food supplies and patient lives". New York Times. 8 March 2019. Archived from the original on 16 March 2019. Retrieved 18 March 2019.
The Maduro administration has been responsible for grossly mismanaging the economy and plunging the country into a deep humanitarian crisis in which many people lack food and medical care. He has also attempted to crush the opposition by jailing or exiling critics, and using lethal force against antigovernment protesters.
- ^ Corrales, Javier (7 March 2013). "The House That Chavez Built". Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on 11 April 2020. Retrieved 6 February 2015.
- ^ a b c d Casey, Nicholas; Torres, Patricia (30 March 2017). "Venezuela Muzzles Legislature, Moving Closer to One-Man Rule". The New York Times. p. A1. Archived from the original on 9 December 2020. Retrieved 31 March 2017.
- ^ "Venezuela's Lame-Duck Congress Names New Supreme Court Justices". Bloomberg. 23 December 2015. Archived from the original on 4 July 2019. Retrieved 31 March 2017.
- ^ "Venezuela's embattled socialist president calls for citizens congress, new constitution". USA Today. Associated Press. 1 May 2017. Archived from the original on 16 November 2019. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
- ^ "La lista de los 40 países democráticos que hasta el momento desconocieron la Asamblea Constituyente de Venezuela". Infobae (in Spanish). 31 July 2017. Archived from the original on 1 August 2017. Retrieved 1 August 2017.
- ^ "Venezuela: New assembly leader warns 'justice will come'". 4 August 2017. Archived from the original on 27 May 2023. Retrieved 19 August 2017.
- ^ "40 countries protest Venezuela's new assembly amid fraud accusations". Archived from the original on 14 April 2019. Retrieved 4 August 2017.
- ^ "Venezuela opposition boycotts meeting on Maduro assembly, clashes rage". Reuters. 8 April 2017. Archived from the original on 4 September 2019. Retrieved 7 August 2017.
- ^
- Mogollon, Mery; Kraul, Chris (29 July 2017). "As Venezuelan election nears, more upheaval and cries of fraud". The Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 3 August 2017. Retrieved 30 July 2017.
- "What are Venezuelans voting for and why is it so divisive?". BBC News. 30 July 2017. Archived from the original on 7 April 2019. Retrieved 30 July 2017.
- Bronstein, Hugh (29 July 2017). "Venezuelan opposition promises new tactics after Sunday's vote". Reuters. Archived from the original on 10 May 2019. Retrieved 30 July 2017.
- ^ Goodman, Joshua; Sanchez, Fabiola (8 August 2017). "New Venezuela assembly declares itself superior government branch". The Chicago Tribune. Associated Press. Archived from the original on 14 April 2019. Retrieved 9 August 2017.
- ^ Polga-Hecimovich, John; Sánchez Urribarrí, Raúl (July–December 2023). "Political Survival and... Authoritarian Consolidation? The Maduro Government and Venezuela's Political Crisis" (PDF). Pensamiento Propio. 28. La Coordinadora Regional de Investigaciones Económicas y Sociales (CRIES): 17–18.
- ^ Corrales, Javier (3 July 2020). "Authoritarian survival: why Maduro hasn't fallen" (PDF). Journal of Democracy. 31 (3): 39–53. doi:10.1353/jod.2020.0044. S2CID 226738491. ProQuest 2429461768. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 September 2023.
- ^ Oner, Imdat (February 2021). "Nicolas Maduro: A populist without popularity" (PDF). European Center for Populism Studies. pp. 6–8.
- ^ "Venezuela opposition weighs election run". BBC News. 8 February 2018. Archived from the original on 27 April 2019. Retrieved 8 February 2018.
- ^
- "ANC aprobó un decreto para la validación de los partidos políticos". El Nacional (in Spanish). 20 December 2017. Archived from the original on 4 April 2023. Retrieved 25 May 2019.
- Olmo, Guillermo D. (10 January 2019). "Por qué es polémico que Maduro jure como presidente de Venezuela y por qué lo hace ahora si las elecciones fueron en mayo". BBC News Mundo (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 27 April 2019. Retrieved 11 January 2019.
- "Maduro gana con la abstención histórica más alta en comicios presidenciales". Efecto Cocuyo (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 21 December 2018. Retrieved 11 January 2019.
- "Venezuela opposition banned from running in 2018 election". BBC News. 11 December 2017. Archived from the original on 14 February 2023. Retrieved 25 May 2019.
- ^
- "ANC aprobó un decreto para la validación de los partidos políticos". El Nacional. 20 December 2017. Archived from the original on 4 April 2023. Retrieved 25 May 2019.
- Olmo, Guillermo D. (10 January 2019). "Por qué es polémico que Maduro jure como presidente de Venezuela y por qué lo hace ahora si las elecciones fueron en mayo". BBC News Mundo. Archived from the original on 27 April 2019. Retrieved 11 January 2019.
- "Maduro gana con la abstención histórica más alta en comicios presidenciales – Efecto Cocuyo". efectococuyo.com. Archived from the original on 21 December 2018. Retrieved 11 January 2019.
- "Venezuela opposition banned from running in 2018 election". BBC News. 11 December 2017. Archived from the original on 14 February 2023. Retrieved 25 May 2019.
- ^ "Venezuela Swears in an illegitimate President". Financial Times. 10 January 2019. Archived from the original on 20 September 2019. Retrieved 11 January 2019.
- ^
- Herrero, Ana Vanessa; Specia, Megan (10 January 2019). "Venezuela Is in Crisis. So How Did Maduro Secure a Second Term?". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 11 January 2019. Retrieved 11 January 2019.
- "Peru, Paraguay recall diplomats over Maduro inauguration". Al Jazeera. 10 January 2019. Archived from the original on 10 January 2019. Retrieved 11 January 2019.
- ^ "Venezuela's Maduro begins second term". BBC News. 10 January 2019. Archived from the original on 10 January 2019. Retrieved 4 December 2023.
- ^ "Los argumentos legales detrás de la batalla política". El País (in Spanish). 24 January 2019. ISSN 1134-6582. Retrieved 1 June 2019.
- ^ "Venezuela: Thousands take to the streets of Caracas for rival protests". Deutsche Welle. 16 November 2019. Archived from the original on 4 December 2019. Retrieved 4 December 2019.
- ^ "Venezuela: Rival rallies held as Guaido calls for daily protests". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 2 December 2019. Retrieved 4 December 2019.
- ^ "'Missed his moment': opposition corruption scandal undermines Venezuela's Guaido". Reuters. 3 December 2019. Archived from the original on 4 December 2019. Retrieved 4 December 2019.
- ^ Emmott, Robin (6 January 2021). "EU no longer acknowledges Venezuela's Guaido as interim president". Reuters. Archived from the original on 19 November 2021. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
- ^ "MEPs: Juan Guaidó is the legitimate interim President of Venezuela". European Parliament. 21 January 2021. Archived from the original on 21 January 2023. Retrieved 21 January 2023.
- ^ "Juan Guaidó remains legitimate interim president, according to European Parliament". Agence Europe. Archived from the original on 21 January 2023. Retrieved 21 January 2023.
- ^ "Juan Guaidó abre la puerta a la negociación con Nicolás Maduro al invocar un acuerdo de salvación nacional". El Mundo. 11 May 2021. Archived from the original on 18 February 2022. Retrieved 14 May 2021.
- ^ Armas, Mayela (31 December 2022). "Venezuela opposition removes interim President Guaido". Reuters. Archived from the original on 6 July 2023. Retrieved 31 December 2022.
- ^ Martínez, Deisy (30 December 2022). "AN de 2015 aprueba su extensión por otro año y elimina gobierno interino" [2015 NA approves its extension for one more year and eliminates interim government]. Efecto Cocuyo (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 30 December 2022. Retrieved 31 December 2022.
- ^ "Mayoría de la AN-2015 ratifica disolución del Gobierno interino". Tal Cual (in Spanish). 30 December 2022. Archived from the original on 30 December 2022. Retrieved 31 December 2022.
Hemos tenido algo que pasó de ser provisional a convertirse en algo perpetuo. Y no se celebraron las elecciones, de manera que el artículo 233 perdió su razón de ser para justificar el gobierno interino.
- ^ Faiola, Anthony; Morello, Carol (31 March 2020). "U.S. proposes transitional government for Venezuela, without Maduro or Guaidó". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 17 December 2021. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
- ^ "US offers Venezuela deal to lift sanctions". BBC News. 31 March 2020. Archived from the original on 3 April 2020. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
- ^ Borger, Julian (31 March 2020). "US calls on Maduro and Guaidó to stand down in Venezuela transition plan". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 3 April 2020. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
- ^ "Guaidó acepta el gobierno de transición que propone EEUU". Atlántico (in Spanish). 1 April 2020. Archived from the original on 15 July 2021. Retrieved 10 April 2020.
- ^ "Arreaza rechaza la propuesta de EEUU para una "transición democrática" en Venezuela". Europa Press (in Spanish). 31 March 2020. Archived from the original on 15 July 2021. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
- ^ "Diosdado Cabello insistió en la posibilidad de adelantar las elecciones presidenciales para 2023" [Diosdado Cabello insisted on the possibility of advancing the presidential election to 2023]. El Nacional (in Spanish). 5 November 2022. Archived from the original on 5 November 2022. Retrieved 12 November 2022.
- ^ "Venezolanos podrán votar en 80 ciudades de 31 países en la primaria opositora". Voz de América (in Spanish). 27 May 2023. Archived from the original on 13 June 2023. Retrieved 21 October 2023.
- ^ "¡Histórico! Tuvieron que pasar 11 años para que se volviera a celebrar un debate electoral en Venezuela". Expansión (in Spanish). 12 July 2023. Archived from the original on 13 July 2023. Retrieved 13 July 2023.
- ^ "Venezuela: ocho candidatos opositores realizaron el primer debate antes de las primarias". France24. 12 July 2023. Archived from the original on 12 July 2023. Retrieved 13 July 2023.
- ^ "Hablan los candidatos: vea en vivo el debate de los opositores en la UCAB". El Nacional. 12 July 2023. Archived from the original on 12 July 2023. Retrieved 16 July 2023.
- ^ a b Armas, Mayela; Sequera, Vivian (30 June 2023). "Venezuela opposition candidate Machado barred from holding office-gov't". Reuters. Archived from the original on 30 June 2023. Retrieved 30 June 2023.
- ^ Perdomo, Luna (30 June 2023). "José Brito: Contraloría inhabilitó a María Corina Machado por 15 años". Tal Cual (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 10 July 2023. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
- ^ Rodríguez, Ronny (30 June 2023). "Contraloría inhabilita a María Corina Machado por 15 años, dice José Brito". Efecto Cocuyo (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 10 July 2023. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
- ^ "Los cinco vicios que hacen nula la inhabilitación de María Corina Machado". Acceso a la Justicia (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 12 July 2023. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
- ^ "Alerta Venezuela: Inhabilitación inconstitucional de la candidata de la oposición María Corina Machado manipula elecciones en Venezuela". REDLAD (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 10 July 2023. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
- ^ "Chavistas intentaron agredir a María Corina Machado cuando se trasladaba a un acto de campaña en el estado La Guaira". NTN24 (in Spanish). 14 July 2023. Archived from the original on 26 July 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
- ^ "Turba chavista impidió acto de María Corina Machado en Petare, al este de Caracas". NTN24 (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 26 July 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
- ^ "Urgente: ELN amenaza de muerte a María Corina Machado en Venezuela: le exigen que se aparte de las elecciones primarias". Semana (in Spanish). 22 July 2023. Archived from the original on 26 July 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
- ^ "ELN niega autoría en grafitis que aparecieron en una sede de María Corina Machado". 26 July 2023. Archived from the original on 26 July 2023. Retrieved 10 August 2023.
- ^ "Alerta: hay una operación de influencia en contra de @MariaCorinaYA en curso. (...)". Twitter (in Spanish). 10 July 2023. Archived from the original on 29 October 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
- ^ "El antichavista Henrique Capriles es agredido durante visita en el centro de Venezuela". Swissinfo. 3 June 2023. Archived from the original on 27 October 2023. Retrieved 17 June 2023.
- ^ "Grupos chavistas atacaron al líder opositor Henrique Capriles durante una visita al interior de Venezuela". Infobae. 3 June 2023. Archived from the original on 29 October 2023. Retrieved 17 June 2023.
- ^ "Simpatizantes del chavismo agredieron a seguidores de Henrique Capriles durante un acto en Apure". El Nacional. 15 August 2023. Archived from the original on 15 August 2023. Retrieved 6 September 2023.
- ^ "Voluntad Popular denuncia que autoridades le retiraron el pasaporte a Freddy Superlano". El Nacional. 27 July 2023. Archived from the original on 27 July 2023. Retrieved 6 September 2023.
- ^ "La Fiscalía investigará amenazas de muerte contra Delsa Solórzano". El Nacional. 14 August 2023. Archived from the original on 15 August 2023. Retrieved 6 September 2023.
- ^ "Colectivos impiden instalar centros de votación en el Guarataro, Caracas". El Carabobeño. Archived from the original on 22 October 2023. Retrieved 22 October 2023.
- ^ Luján, Raylí (22 October 2023). "Elección primaria en Venezuela: Así transcurrió la jornada para definir un candidato único opositor". Bloomberg Línea. Archived from the original on 23 October 2023. Retrieved 23 October 2023.
- ^ a b Ramírez, Lucía Fernanda; Rivas, Norma (22 October 2023). "En el municipio Sucre inicio de la elección primaria fluyó a pesar de las trabas de funcionarios y civiles". Crónica Uno. Archived from the original on 23 October 2023. Retrieved 23 October 2023.
- ^ "Motorizados lanzan lacrimógena en centro de votación en Caracas, electores vuelven a la fila". El Pitazo (in Spanish). 22 October 2023. Archived from the original on 23 October 2023. Retrieved 23 October 2023.
- ^ Aulino, Carmenmilagro. "#VIDEO Electores de la parroquia Santa Rosalía de Caracas afectados por ataque con gas lacrimógeno #22Oct". El Impulso. Archived from the original on 23 October 2023. Retrieved 23 October 2023.
- ^ "Primaria en Oriente: Electores reportaron lentitud en la jornada". El Pitazo. Archived from the original on 23 October 2023. Retrieved 23 October 2023.
- ^ Garcia Cano, Regina (26 October 2023). "María Corina Machado is winner of Venezuela opposition primary that the government has denounced". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 11 May 2024. Retrieved 8 May 2024.
- ^ Armas, Mayela; Sequera, Vivian (30 June 2023). "Venezuela opposition candidate Machado barred from holding office-gov't". Reuters. Archived from the original on 30 June 2023. Retrieved 30 June 2023.
- ^ Spetalnick, Matt; Parraga, Marianna (19 October 2023). "US broadly eases Venezuela oil sanctions after election deal". Reuters. Archived from the original on 19 October 2023. Retrieved 11 July 2024.
- ^ "Venezuela's Supreme Court disqualifies opposition leader from running for president". Le Monde.fr. AFP. 27 January 2024. Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 8 March 2024.
- ^ Genevieve Glatsky; Isayen Herrera (6 December 2023). "Venezuela Orders Arrest of Top Opposition Figures, Claiming Treason". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 14 December 2023. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
- ^ a b c d Delgado, Antonio Maria (19 August 2024). "Venezuela could charge opposition leader Machado with murder, regime's prosecutor says". MiamiHerald. Retrieved 19 August 2024. Also available at Colorado Springs Gazette
- ^ "María Corina Machado denunció ante el mundo el violento ataque que sufrió en Charallave" [María Corina Machado denounced the violent attack she suffered in Charallave to the world]. El Nacional (in Spanish). 8 February 2024. Archived from the original on 8 February 2024. Retrieved 9 February 2024.
- ^ "US reimposes oil sanctions on Venezuela after broken election promises". Archived from the original on 11 July 2024. Retrieved 11 July 2024.
- ^ Glatsky, Genevieve (17 April 2024). "U.S. Restores Oil Sanctions on Venezuela as Hopes Dim for Free Election". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 11 July 2024. Retrieved 11 July 2024.
- ^ "¿Cómo ha sido el apoyo de la comunidad internacional a María Corina Machado?" [How has the international community supported María Corina Machado?]. El Nacional (in Spanish). 8 July 2023. Archived from the original on 9 July 2023. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
- ^ Maza, Jesús (4 July 2023). "Mercosur: Luis Lacalle pide "alzar la voz" por la inhabilitación de María Corina Machado". La República (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 29 July 2024. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
- ^ "Presidente de Paraguay denuncia veto a María Corina Machado". Diario Las Américas (in Spanish). 4 July 2023. Archived from the original on 10 July 2023. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
- ^ "La reacción de Alberto Fernández luego de que Uruguay y Paraguay denunciaran la inhabilitación de María Corina Machado en Venezuela". infobae (in European Spanish). 4 July 2023. Archived from the original on 10 July 2023. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
- ^ "María Corina Machado, no es Sergio Moro, es Lula da Silva". Urgente24 – primer diario online con las últimas noticias de Argentina y el mundo en tiempo real (in European Spanish). Archived from the original on 10 July 2023. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
- ^ "Blinken: "Profundamente desafortunada" la inhabilitación de María Corina Machado en Venezuela". Voz de América (in Spanish). 7 July 2023. Archived from the original on 10 July 2023. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
- ^ "Unión Europea expresa "preocupación" por inhabilitación de precandidata María Corina Machado en Venezuela". El Comercio (in Spanish). AFP. 3 July 2023. ISSN 1605-3052. Archived from the original on 10 July 2023. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
- ^ "La UE rechazó la inhabilitación de María Corina Machado en Venezuela: "Le impiden ejercer su derecho político"". Infobae (in Spanish). 4 July 2023. Archived from the original on 10 July 2023. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
- ^ Gutiérrez, Jeanfreddy (11 July 2024). "ICS resucitó para publicar encuesta inconsistente con 56,9% para Maduro". Efecto Cocuyo (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 16 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
- ^ Singer, Florantonia (18 October 2023). "El chavismo y la oposición acuerdan celebrar las elecciones presidenciales en el segundo semestre de 2024". El País (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 23 November 2023. Retrieved 23 November 2023.
- ^ Olloqui, Álvaro (18 October 2023). "Maduro acuerda con la oposición la celebración de elecciones presidenciales en 2024". La Razón (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 23 November 2023. Retrieved 23 November 2023.
- ^ "Elecciones presidenciales de Venezuela serán el 28 de julio". Deutsche Welle (in Spanish). 5 March 2024. Archived from the original on 5 March 2024. Retrieved 5 March 2024.
- ^ "Venezuela's Maduro selected as ruling party election candidate". France 24. 12 March 2024. Archived from the original on 12 March 2024. Retrieved 12 March 2024.
- ^ "Venezuela sets its presidential election for July 28 as the opposition candidate remains barred". Associated Press. 5 March 2024. Archived from the original on 5 March 2024. Retrieved 6 March 2024.
- ^ Itriago Acosta, Andreina (2 April 2024). "'Anti-Fascism' Law to Tighten Crackdown on Venezuelan Opposition". Bloomberg News. Archived from the original on 3 April 2024. Retrieved 1 May 2024.
- ^ "La AN de Venezuela recibe proyecto de ley contra el fascismo" [The AN of Venezuela receives a bill against fascism]. Deutsche Welle (in Spanish). 3 April 2024. Archived from the original on 1 May 2024. Retrieved 1 May 2024.
- ^ "Venezuela Opposition Fear Arrests Amid 'Anti-fascism' Bill Debate". Barron's. Agence France-Presse. 3 April 2024. Archived from the original on 4 April 2024. Retrieved 1 May 2024.
- ^ Lozano, Daniel (3 April 2024). "El chavismo inventa una ley contra el fascismo para aumentar la represión en época electoral" [Chavismo invents a law against fascism to increase repression during electoral times]. El Mundo (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 4 April 2024. Retrieved 1 May 2024.
- ^ Singer, Florantonia (2 April 2024). "El chavismo aprueba una ley para prohibir organizaciones consideradas fascistas" [Chavismo approves a law to prohibit organizations considered fascist]. El País (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 4 April 2024. Retrieved 1 May 2024.
- ^ Torres, Mauricio (4 April 2024). "Cárcel, inhabilitación política y disolución de organizaciones: ¿qué propone la ley 'antifascista' que impulsa el Gobierno de Venezuela?" [Prison, political disqualification and dissolution of organizations: what does the 'anti-fascist' law promoted by the Government of Venezuela propose?] (in Spanish). CNN en Español. Archived from the original on 5 April 2024. Retrieved 1 May 2024.
- ^ "Venezuela: Alarming persecution of critical and dissident voices intensifies" (PDF) (Press release). Amnesty International. 15 April 2024. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 May 2024. Retrieved 1 May 2024.
- ^ Garcia Cano, Regina (2 July 2024). "Venezuela's opposition coalition welcomes President Maduro's plan to jumpstart dialogue with the US". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 14 July 2024. Retrieved 6 July 2024.
- ^ Vivian Sequera; Matt Spetalnick (3 July 2024). "US resumes talks with Venezuela, pushes for fair July 28 election". Reuters. Archived from the original on 5 July 2024. Retrieved 6 July 2024.
- ^ a b c d Herrero, Ana Vanessa; Schmidt, Samantha; DeYoung, Karen (15 July 2024). "Biden made a bold deal with Venezuela's strongman. Will it pay off?". Washington Post. Archived from the original on 15 July 2024. Retrieved 29 July 2024.
- ^ Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela Archived 15 May 2018 at the Wayback Machine IFES
- ^ Pablo Zapata (6 June 2024). "Cronograma electoral CNE 2024: revisa plazos y fechas de las elecciones presidenciales en Venezuela". Archived from the original on 11 March 2024. Retrieved 17 March 2024.
- ^ Manual Operativo para Miembros, Secretaria o Secretario de Mesa Electoral Archived 27 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine Consejo Nacional Electoral. Retrieved 28 November 2006 (in Spanish)
- ^ a b c d e "Little-known paper sheets are key to declaring victory in Venezuela's election". Associated Press. 30 July 2024. Archived from the original on 30 July 2024. Retrieved 30 July 2024.
- ^ a b "¿Cómo es el sistema de conteo y verificación de votos en Venezuela?" [What is the vote counting and verification system in Venezuela?] (in Spanish). CNN en espanol. 29 July 2024. Archived from the original on 29 July 2024. Retrieved 30 July 2024.
- ^ a b c d Chacin, Ana Claudio; Delgado, Antonio Maria (2 August 2024). "Inside the Venezuelan opposition's effort to prove Maduro lost the presidential election". Miami Herald. Archived from the original on 2 August 2024. Retrieved 2 August 2024.
- ^ a b "Venezuela's opposition secured over 80% of crucial vote tally sheets. Here's how they did it". AP News. 2 August 2024. Retrieved 8 August 2024.
- ^ a b c d e "Results of the 2024 Venezuelan presidential election: PUD version 1". resultadosconvzla.com. 2 August 2024. Wikidata d:Q128342566. Archived from the original on 2 August 2024. Retrieved 10 August 2024.
- ^ Suarez, Enrique (25 July 2023). "Súmate alertó que más de 50.000 electores no podrán votar en las presidenciales de 2024 #25Jul". El Impulso (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 26 July 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023. Referring to Gaceta Electoral Número 1023, 25 May 2023.
- ^ Amaya, Sol (28 July 2024). "Elecciones presidenciales en Venezuela de 2024, en vivo: votaciones, noticias y última hora". CNN (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 28 July 2024. Retrieved 28 July 2024.
- ^ "Abren los centros electorales en Venezuela para las presidenciales". EFE Noticias (in European Spanish). 28 July 2024. Archived from the original on 29 July 2024. Retrieved 28 July 2024.
- ^ a b c d e f Buschschlüter, Vanessa (28 July 2024). "Venezuelans vote in election challenging Maduro's grip on power". BBC News. Archived from the original on 28 July 2024. Retrieved 29 July 2024.
- ^ Buschschlüter, Vanessa (25 July 2024). "Venezuela election: Five things you need to know". BBC News. Archived from the original on 28 July 2024. Retrieved 29 July 2024.
- ^ "Carter Center to Send a Team to Observe Venezuelan Election". Bloomberg. 19 June 2024. Archived from the original on 18 July 2024. Retrieved 6 July 2024.
- ^ a b c d "Carter Center unable to verify Venezuela election results, blasts officials for lack of transparency". Associated Press. 30 July 2024.
- ^ a b c d "Carter Center Statement on Venezuela Election" (Press release). Carter Center. 30 July 2024. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
- ^ "UN to Deploy Electoral Monitors to Venezuela Presidential Vote". 25 June 2024. Archived from the original on 6 July 2024. Retrieved 6 July 2024.
- ^ a b c Schmidt, Samantha (13 August 2024). "U.N. experts say Venezuela election results lack basic transparency". The Washington Post. Retrieved 14 August 2024.
- ^ a b c "¿Quiénes serán los observadores electorales en las presidenciales de Venezuela?" [Who will be the electoral observers in the Venezuelan presidential elections?]. France 24 (in Spanish). 27 July 2024. Archived from the original on 4 August 2024. Retrieved 6 August 2024.
- ^ a b c Vinogradoff, Ludmila (26 July 2024). "Enviados de Irán, China, Rusia y Nicaragua serán observadores de las elecciones en Venezuela" [Envoys from Iran, China, Russia and Nicaragua will be observers of the elections in Venezuela]. Clarin (in Spanish). Retrieved 6 August 2024.
- ^ "Venezuela recibirá a más de 630 observadores internacionales para las elecciones" [Venezuela will receive more than 630 international observers for the elections]. SWI swissinfo (in Spanish). 10 July 2024. Archived from the original on 25 July 2024. Retrieved 6 August 2024.
- ^ "Maduro expulsa a observadores críticos, pero recibe a veedores de Rusia, China y regímenes afines para las elecciones de Venezuela" [Maduro expels critical observers, but receives observers from Russia, China and related regimes for Venezuelan elections]. Infobae (in Spanish). 27 July 2024. Archived from the original on 28 July 2024. Retrieved 6 August 2024.
- ^ "Venezuela revokes invitation for EU to observe July election". France 24. 29 May 2024. Archived from the original on 29 May 2024. Retrieved 29 May 2024.
- ^ Moleiro, Alonso (14 July 2023). "Venezuela anuncia que no aceptará la observación europea en las elecciones presidenciales de 2024". El País. Archived from the original on 6 September 2023. Retrieved 6 September 2023.
- ^ "Venezuela niega el acceso a observadores europeos para las elecciones de 2024". Europa Press. 14 July 2023. Archived from the original on 6 September 2023. Retrieved 6 September 2023.
- ^ Gómez Piña, Shirley (13 July 2023). "Rodríguez asegura que no aceptarán observadores europeos en elecciones del 2024". Radio Fe y Alegría Noticias (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 6 September 2023. Retrieved 6 September 2023.
- ^ "Brasil revierte decisión y anuncia que enviará observadores para las elecciones presidenciales en Venezuela". 17 July 2024. Archived from the original on 18 July 2024. Retrieved 18 July 2024.
- ^ Savarese, Mauricio (22 July 2024). "Brazil's Lula urges Venezuela's Maduro to respect vote results, is 'frightened' by talk of bloodbath". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 22 July 2024. Retrieved 22 July 2024.
- ^ "TSE desiste de enviar observadores à Venezuela após fala de Maduro". Poder360. 25 July 2024. Retrieved 2 August 2024.
- ^ "Sem provas, Maduro critica Brasil por "não auditar" urnas". Poder360. 24 July 2024. Archived from the original on 24 July 2024. Retrieved 2 August 2024.
- ^ "Eleição na Venezuela: Maduro recebeu Amorim no Palácio Miraflores e disse que entregará atas eleitorais 'nos próximos dias'". O Globo (in Brazilian Portuguese). 29 July 2024. Archived from the original on 2 August 2024. Retrieved 2 August 2024.
- ^ "Argentina's Fernandez, Brazilian court withdraw from Venezuelan election observer mission". Reuters. 25 July 2024. Retrieved 29 July 2024.
- ^ Redondo, Víctor (30 July 2024). "Podemos, IU, EH Bildu y BNG felicitan al pueblo venezolano". Diario Red (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 30 July 2024. Retrieved 30 July 2024.
- ^ "Retenida en Caracas la delegación del Partido Popular español que viajó a las elecciones: serán deportados en próximas horas". 26 July 2024. Archived from the original on 27 July 2024. Retrieved 27 July 2024.
- ^ a b "Concern grows as Venezuela blocks election observers". Voice of America. Agence France-Presse. 27 July 2024. Archived from the original on 28 July 2024. Retrieved 29 July 2024.
- ^ "Impiden despegar de Panamá a vuelo con expresidentes que iban a Venezuela como observadores invitados por la oposición". 26 July 2024. Archived from the original on 27 July 2024. Retrieved 27 July 2024.
- ^ Rocha, Leonardo (27 July 2024). "Venezuela accused of grounding Latin American ex-leaders' flight". BBC News. Archived from the original on 29 July 2024. Retrieved 29 July 2024.
- ^ Elida Moreno; Vivian Sequera (26 July 2024). "Panama says flights operating normally after Venezuela plane was blocked". Reuters. Retrieved 27 July 2024.
- ^ "Se suma a Rojo Edwards: Felipe Kast tampoco pudo ingresar a Venezuela y es deportado por el régimen de Nicolás Maduro". CNN Chile. Archived from the original on 27 July 2024. Retrieved 26 July 2024.
- ^ "Deportan de Venezuela al senador Francisco Paoltroni, presidente de la comisión de RREE del Senado de Argentina, invitado por la oposición para las elecciones". 26 July 2024. Archived from the original on 27 July 2024. Retrieved 26 July 2024.
- ^ "Claudia López también fue deportada de Venezuela en su intento por observar elección presidencial". Archived from the original on 28 July 2024. Retrieved 27 July 2024.
- ^ "Deportan de Venezuela a diputado uruguayo Pablo Viana invitado por la oposición para las presidenciales del 28J (Detalles)". 27 July 2024. Archived from the original on 28 July 2024. Retrieved 27 July 2024.
- ^ Salazar, Carol (18 July 2024). "Registraduría confirmó que no tendrá ningún tipo de participación en las elecciones de Venezuela" [The Registrar's Office confirmed that it will not have any kind of participation in the Venezuelan elections]. Infobae (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 18 July 2024. Retrieved 6 August 2024.
- ^ Armas, Mayela (17 March 2024). "Venezuela's Maduro announces candidacy for July re-election". Reuters. Archived from the original on 31 March 2024. Retrieved 22 July 2024.
- ^ Goodman, Joshua; Rueda, Jorge (25 March 2024). "Venezuela's Maduro makes his candidacy official while a would-be rival struggles to register". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 25 March 2024. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
- ^ Wells, Ione; Plummer, Robert (28 July 2024). "Venezuelans in tense wait for election results". BBC News. Retrieved 19 August 2024.
- ^ a b "Luis Almagro solicitará a la Corte Penal Internacional que ordene el arresto de Nicolás Maduro por haber cometido un baño de sangre" [Luis Almagro will ask the International Criminal Court to order the arrest of Nicolás Maduro for having committed a bloodbath]. InfoBae (in Spanish). 31 July 2024. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
- ^ Hernández, Osmary (17 July 2024). "'Baño de sangre' y 'guerra civil', las advertencias de Maduro si pierde la elección" ['Bloodbath' and 'civil war': Maduro's warnings if he loses the election]. CNN en Español (in Spanish). Retrieved 19 August 2024.
- ^ "Comisión de Primaria en Venezuela publica segundo boletín con 64,88% de las actas escrutadas". Bloomberg en Línea. 23 October 2023. Archived from the original on 24 October 2023. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
voceros del chavismo como Diosdado Cabello han cuestionado el resultado obtenido
- ^ Herrero, Ana Vanessa (22 March 2024). "Maduro's strongest challenger, barred from running, picks a stand-in". The Washington Post. Retrieved 27 June 2024.
- ^ Rueda, Jorge; Janetsky, Megan (26 March 2024). "Venezuelan opposition coalition able to register provisional candidate after electoral outcry". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 26 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ "Venezuela opposition overcomes hurdles to register candidate". BBC. 26 March 2024. Archived from the original on 26 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ Forero, Juan; Vyas, Kejal. "Venezuela's Strongman Decides Who Will Run Against Him in Presidential Election". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 28 March 2024.
- ^ Mawad, Tony (4 April 2024). "Maduro Gets His Wish: A Divided Venezuelan Opposition". Americas Quarterly. Retrieved 19 August 2024.
- ^ Walter, Jan D. (30 March 2024). "In Venezuela, a divided opposition weighs its chances". Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 19 August 2024.
- ^ Armas, Mayela (20 April 2024). "Edmundo Gonzalez, Venezuela's low-profile and last-minute opposition candidate". Reuters. Retrieved 20 April 2024.
- ^ Singer, Florantonia (19 April 2024). "La oposición venezolana elige como candidato de consenso a Edmundo González Urrutia" [Venezuelan opposition chooses Edmundo González Urrutia as consensus candidate]. El Pais (in Spanish). Retrieved 19 August 2024.
- ^ "La principal coalición opositora de Venezuela confirma a Edmundo González como su candidato de unidad para las elecciones presidenciales" [Venezuela's main opposition coalition confirms Edmundo González as its unity candidate for presidential elections] (in Spanish). BBC News. 20 April 2024. Retrieved 19 August 2024.
- ^ "La oposición venezolana designó por unanimidad a Edmundo González Urrutia como su candidato presidencial" [The Venezuelan opposition unanimously designated Edmundo González Urrutia as its presidential candidate]. Infobae (in Spanish). 19 April 2024. Retrieved 19 August 2024.
- ^ "Edmundo González Urrutia, el candidato tapa de la oposición para las presidenciales". El Pitazo (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ "MUD y MPV postulan a Edmundo". 26 March 2024. Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
- ^ Martínez, Deisy (17 August 2022). "Chavismo sin relevo para 2024: Maduro «estable» y sin contrapeso". Efecto Cocuyo (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 24 December 2022. Retrieved 2 May 2023.
- ^ Martínez, Deisy (9 March 2023). "Alianza Democrática aún no discute candidatura presidencial unitaria para 2024". Efecto Cocuyo. Archived from the original on 2 May 2023. Retrieved 2 May 2023.
- ^ a b c d e f g h da Costa, Rocío (31 March 2024). "Quiénes son y de dónde vienen los candidatos que le hacen el juego a Maduro en su farsa electoral". Infobae (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 18 July 2024. Retrieved 18 July 2024.
- ^ "El chavismo sólo acepta un candidato "potable" de la oposición real a la medida de Maduro". ELMUNDO (in Spanish). 24 March 2024. Archived from the original on 29 July 2024. Retrieved 18 July 2024.
- ^ Leon, Ibis (13 September 2022). "AD dividido: Bernabé Gutiérrez y Carlos Prósperi formalizan sus candidaturas". Efecto Cocuyo. Archived from the original on 2 May 2023. Retrieved 2 May 2023.
- ^ Rodríguez Rosas, Ronny (7 March 2023). "José Brito será candidato a la presidencia por Primero Venezuela". Efecto Cocuyo. Archived from the original on 2 May 2023. Retrieved 2 May 2023.
- ^ "Antonio Ecarri será candidato presidencial en 2024 y no se medirá en primarias opositoras". ALnavío (in Spanish). 22 March 2022. Archived from the original on 2 May 2023. Retrieved 2 May 2023.
- ^ Salas, Juan Bautista (2 September 2022). "Ecarri: Primarias del PSUV y la MUD son iguales, se cuentan entre ellos mismos #2Sep". El Impulso (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 2 May 2023. Retrieved 2 May 2023.
- ^ "Benjamín Rausseo se retira de las primarias y se postulará directamente a las presidenciales". Globovisión (in Spanish). 22 June 2022. Archived from the original on 23 June 2023. Retrieved 23 June 2023.
- ^ "Benjamín Rausseo se retira de las primarias y ratifica postulación a presidenciales de 2024". El Universal (Venezuela) (in Spanish). 22 June 2022. Archived from the original on 23 June 2023. Retrieved 23 June 2023.
- ^ Quintero, Luisa (17 March 2024). "16 partidos quedaron vetados por el CNE para postular en las presidenciales 2024". Tal Cual (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 29 July 2024. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
- ^ Luna, Perdomo (16 March 2024). "Plataforma Unitaria solo tendrá a la MUD y UNT para postular candidato presidencial". Tal Cual (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 21 May 2024. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
- ^ "¿Qué preguntas quedan después de la hora loca del CNE?". Correo del Caroní (in Spanish). 26 March 2024. Archived from the original on 10 April 2024. Retrieved 2 June 2024.
- ^ Quintero, Luisa (26 March 2024). "CNE confirma 13 candidatos a las presidenciales 'sin ningún tipo de restricción'". Tal Cual (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 16 April 2024. Retrieved 2 June 2024.
- ^ a b Figuera, Roison (23 March 2024). "CNE suma una semana en mora con el Registro Electoral en el exterior". Tal Cual (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 29 July 2024. Retrieved 12 July 2024.
- ^ Álvarez, Ramón Cardozo (19 April 2024). "Maduro cercena el derecho electoral de migrantes venezolanos". Deutsche Welle (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 15 June 2024. Retrieved 5 July 2024.
- ^ Vinogradoff, Ludmila (16 April 2024). "Las trabas que el régimen de Nicolás Maduro pone a los venezolanos en el exterior para inscribirse para las elecciones presidenciales". El Clarín (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 21 May 2024. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
- ^ Valduza, Enrique (2 May 2024). "Apenas 69 mil venezolanos en el exterior podrán votar en comicios del 28 de julio, según primer corte del RE". Diario Última Hora (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 2 June 2024. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
- ^ "Gaceta electoral N° 1055, Resolución Nº 240429-036 Cuadro Estadístico del Registro Electoral Preliminar correspondiente al Corte del Registro Electoral al 16 de abril de 2024, el cual alcanza una cantidad de veintiún millones seiscientos treinta mil novecientos veintisiete (21.630.927)" (PDF). Lista: Distribución de Electoras y Electores Por Estado. Gaceta Electoral del CNE. 29 April 2024. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 July 2024. Retrieved 12 July 2024.
- ^ "CIDH insta a Venezuela a garantizar derecho al voto de connacionales en el extranjero". Tal Cual (in Spanish). 18 June 2024. Archived from the original on 12 July 2024. Retrieved 12 July 2024.
- ^ Glatsky, Genevieve (31 July 2024). "Las elecciones en Venezuela tuvieron profundas irregularidades. Estas son algunas" [The elections in Venezuela had deep irregularities. Here are some of them]. The New York Times (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 2 August 2024. Retrieved 2 August 2024.
- ^ "Más de 130 detenidos en Venezuela vinculados a la campaña opositora, según una ONG" [More than 130 people arrested in Venezuela linked to the opposition campaign, according to an NGO] (in Spanish). France 24. 26 July 2024. Retrieved 6 August 2024.
- ^ a b Villa, Jose (14 August 2024). "Fundación Pares responsabilizó a las autoridades de Venezuela por la violencia durante las elecciones" [Pares Foundation blamed Venezuelan authorities for violence during elections]. El Diario de Caracas (in Spanish). Retrieved 19 August 2024.
- ^ a b c Pimentel, Olgalinda (14 June 2024). "En Venezuela reportan una víctima de violencia política cada dos días durante precampaña electoral" [In Venezuela, one victim of political violence is reported every two days during the pre-election campaign]. Diario Las Américas (in Spanish). Retrieved 20 August 2024.
- ^ Primer informe sobre violencia político electoral en Venezuela [First report on political-electoral violence in Venezuela] (Report) (in Spanish). Bogota, Colombia: Pares: Fundación Paz y Reconciliación. 14 June 2024. Retrieved 20 August 2024.
- ^ Segundo Informe de Violencia Político—Electoral en Venezuela [Second Report on Political-Electoral Violence in Venezuela] (Report) (in Spanish). Bogota, Colombia: Pares: Fundación Paz y Reconciliación. 12 July 2024. Retrieved 20 August 2024.
- ^ a b Desapariciones, deportaciones y detenciones arbitrarias: Los resultados del Tercer Informe de Violencia Político-Electoral en Venezuela [Disappearances, deportations and arbitrary detentions: The results of the Third Report on Political-Electoral Violence in Venezuela] (Report) (in Spanish). Bogota, Colombia: Pares: Fundación Paz y Reconciliación. 16 August 2024. Retrieved 20 August 2024.
- ^ "Súmate: "Al menos 92 candidatos al CNE están vinculados al chavismo"". El Nacional. 5 August 2023. Archived from the original on 5 August 2023. Retrieved 6 September 2023.
- ^ "AN electa en 2020 se declaró en sesión permanente para designar a nuevos rectores del CNE". El Nacional. 16 August 2023. Archived from the original on 19 November 2023. Retrieved 6 September 2023.
- ^ Castro, Chiara (31 July 2024). "VPN usage in Venezuela soars in the aftermath of presidential elections". Techradar. Archived from the original on 31 July 2024. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
- ^ a b c "The Wall Street Journal se suma a los sitios web bloqueados en Venezuela, donde se registran detenciones de comunicadores" [The Wall Street Journal joins the list of websites blocked in Venezuela, where journalists have been arrested]. Voice of America (in Spanish). 2 August 2024. Retrieved 7 August 2024.
- ^ "Bloquean The Wall Street Journal en Venezuela" [The Wall Street Journal blocked in Venezuela]. Efecto Cocuyo (in Spanish). 2 August 2024. Retrieved 7 August 2024.
- ^ a b c Fitz Patrick, Mariel (8 August 2024). "Los millonarios movimientos de dinero de la empresa argentina proveedora del sistema electoral en Venezuela que activaron las alertas de la UIF" [The millionaire money movements of the Argentine company that provides the electoral system in Venezuela that triggered the UIF alerts]. infobae (in European Spanish). Retrieved 8 August 2024.
- ^ Gonzalez, Anabella (18 June 2024). "ANÁLISIS: El factor María Corina Machado, decisivo para las oportunidades de Edmundo González Urrutia en las elecciones de Venezuela" [Analysis: The Maria Corina Machado factor is decisive for Edmundo Gonzalez Urrutia's chances in Venezuela's elections]. CNN en Español (in Spanish). Retrieved 10 August 2024.
- ^ "Venezuela candidates close campaigns, opposition trusts military to back result". Reuters. 25 July 2024. Retrieved 10 August 2024.
- ^ Garcia Cano, Regina; Sanchez, Fabiola (26 July 2024). "Venezuela opposition leader provides hope for many, even though she isn't on the presidential ballot". The Canadian Press. Associated Press. Retrieved 10 August 2024.
- ^ Kolster, Nicole (23 July 2024). "La carrera de obstáculos que llevó a Edmundo González a ser candidato presidencial en Venezuela" [The obstacle course that led Edmundo González to become a presidential candidate in Venezuela]. Voice of America (in Spanish). Retrieved 10 August 2024.
- ^ Turkewitz, Julie; Kurmanaev, Anatoly (25 June 2024). "El presidente de Venezuela acordó ir a las urnas, pero no planea perder" [The president of Venezuela agreed to go to the polls, but does not plan to lose]. New York Times (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 26 June 2024. Retrieved 27 June 2024.
- ^ "Elecciones en Venezuela: González Urrutia es el favorito y el 66% quiere que el país cambie de rumbo" [Elections in Venezuela: González Urrutia is the favorite and 66% want the country to change course] (in Spanish). Infobae. 24 June 2024. Archived from the original on 29 July 2024. Retrieved 27 June 2024.
- ^ Glatsky, Genevieve (16 May 2024). "Venezuela's 2024 Presidential Vote: What to Know". New York Times. Archived from the original on 28 June 2024. Retrieved 28 June 2024.
- ^ Itriago Acosta, Andreina (17 May 2024). "Maduro Bets He Can Crush Venezuela's Opposition in an Open Vote". Bloomberg News. Archived from the original on 28 June 2024. Retrieved 28 June 2024.
But polls show the president trailing far behind opposition candidate Edmundo González ahead of the July 28 vote.
- ^ Sequera, Vivian (20 June 2024). "Venezuelan presidential candidates agree to respect election results, main opposition abstains". Reuters. Retrieved 28 June 2024.
- ^ Penfold, Michael (28 May 2024). "Political Guarantees for All Are Crucial to Venezuela's Election". Americas Quarterly. Archived from the original on 28 June 2024. Retrieved 28 June 2024.
- ^ Vyas, Kejal. "A Little-Known Retiree Is Challenging Venezuela's Strongman—and Leading Big in Polls". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 15 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
- ^ a b c Torres, Patricia; Phillips, Tom; Rogero, Tiago; Jones, Sam (29 July 2024). "Venezuela on a knife-edge as opposition accuses Maduro of rigging election". The Guardian. Retrieved 29 July 2024.
- ^ Sequera, Vivian (29 July 2024). "Venezuelan protests break out as government claims election win". Reuters. Retrieved 29 July 2024.
- ^ a b Rodrigues Brazon, Ana Maria (28 May 2024). "¿Nicolás Maduro o Edmundo González? La 'guerra de encuestas' por quién lidera la intención de voto en elecciones de Venezuela" [Nicolás Maduro or Edmundo González? The 'poll war' over who leads voting intentions in Venezuelan elections]. El Tiempo (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 27 June 2024. Retrieved 27 June 2024.
- ^ a b c d Méndez, Maryorin (2 June 2024). "Guerra de encuestas: Estos son los diez sondeos que perfilan al próximo Presidente de Venezuela" [Poll war: These are the ten polls that outline the next President of Venezuela] (in Spanish). NTN24. Archived from the original on 27 June 2024. Retrieved 27 June 2024.
- ^ a b "Seis encuestadoras sospechosas promocionan coordinadamente a Nicolás Maduro como favorito para el 28-J" [Six suspicious pollsters are promoting Nicolás Maduro as the favorite for 28 July]. Medianalisis (in Spanish). 3 July 2024. Archived from the original on 15 July 2024. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
DataViva, Ideadatos, Insight by Contrapunto, Data Política Consultores, Encuestadora Paramétrica y Mass Behavior Research
- ^ a b c d "La 'guerra de encuestas' se desata en Venezuela en un clima de propaganda y desinformación" [The 'poll war' breaks out in Venezuela in a climate of propaganda and disinformation]. www.lapatilla.com (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 16 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
- ^ Gutiérrez, Jeanfreddy (11 July 2024). "ICS resucitó para publicar encuesta inconsistente con 56,9% para Maduro" [ICS resurrected to publish inconsistent survey with 56.9% for Maduro]. Efecto Cocuyo (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 16 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
- ^ Hernández López, Marcos (20 June 2024). "Se activa la guerra de encuestas" [The poll war is activated] (in Spanish). El Nacional. Archived from the original on 20 June 2024. Retrieved 27 June 2024.
- ^ Gutiérrez, Jeanfreddy (12 June 2024). "IdeaDatos le otorga 56,1% a Maduro en su tercera encuesta, repitiendo vacíos empresariales y estadísticas" [IdeaDatos gives 56.1% to Maduro in its third survey, repeating business gaps and statistics]. Cocuyo Chequea (Cocuyo Factcheck) (in Spanish). Efecto Cocuyo. Retrieved 27 June 2024.
- ^ Gutiérrez, Jeanfreddy (12 June 2024). "Inconsistente: encuestadora alabada por Maduro fue creada en julio de 2023" [Inconsistent: pollster praised by Maduro was created in July 2023]. Cocuyo Chequea (Cocuyo Factcheck) (in Spanish). Efecto Cocuyo. Archived from the original on 27 June 2024. Retrieved 27 June 2024.
- ^ Gutiérrez, Jeanfreddy (14 May 2024). "Encuestadora CMIDE 50.1 es una cuenta de memes, fútbol y poesía que borró todos sus posts anteriores" [Pollster CMIDE 50.1 is a meme, football and poetry account that deleted all its previous posts]. Cocuyo Chequea (Cocuyo Factcheck) (in Spanish). Efecto Cocuyo. Archived from the original on 27 June 2024. Retrieved 27 June 2024.
- ^ Nava, Mariela; Symmes Cobb, Julia (29 July 2024). "Streets quiet in Venezuela as government and opposition both claim election win". SWI swissinfo. Wikidata d:Q128054862. Archived from the original on 29 July 2024. Retrieved 10 August 2024.
- ^ "Pulse de Calle 20 de Julio 2024" (PDF). Poder y Estrategia. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 July 2024.
- ^ "Estudio de percepción: País / Elecciones presidenciales" [Perception study: Country / Presidential elections] (PDF) (in Spanish). Hercon Consultores. 28 July 2024. Retrieved 3 August 2024 – via El Nacional.
- ^ "Elecciones presidenciales en Venezuela: ¿cómo sería el triunfo opositor, según las últimas encuestas?" [Presidential elections in Venezuela: how would the opposition win, according to the latest polls?]. El Nacional (in Spanish). 19 July 2024. Archived from the original on 20 July 2024. Retrieved 3 August 2024.
- ^ Meza, José Gregorio (5 July 2024). "¿Cuánta ventaja le sacaría Edmundo González a Maduro en las elecciones presidenciales si solo compitieran ellos dos?" [How far ahead of Maduro would Edmundo González be in the presidential election if only the two of them competed?]. El Nacional (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 29 July 2024.
- ^ "Encuesta revela que Edmundo González tiene una aprobación de 58.6%". analitica.com (in Spanish). 2 July 2024. Archived from the original on 29 July 2024.
- ^ "Encuesta Cati Meganalisis Verdad Venezuela Junio 2024" [Meganalisis CATI Poll Truth of Venezuela June 2024] (in Spanish). Meganalisis. Archived from the original on 3 August 2024. Retrieved 3 August 2024 – via EVTV via Scribd.
- ^ Meganalisis [@Meganalisis] (26 June 2024). "ENCUESTA MEGANALISIS VERDAD VENEZUELA JUNIO 2024" [MEGANALISIS POLL TRUTH OF VENEZUELA JUNE 2024] (Tweet) (in Spanish). Retrieved 3 August 2024 – via Twitter.
- ^ Méndez, Rosalie (4 July 2024). "Meganalisis: Más de un millón de personas se movilizaron en Caracas en apoyo a Edmundo González" [Meganalisis: More than a million people mobilized in Caracas in support of Edmundo González]. EVTV (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 3 August 2024. Retrieved 3 August 2024.
- ^ "Estudio de Hercon Consultores: María Corina Machado es la líder política más importante del país en estos momentos". Hercon Consultores. 10 June 2024. Archived from the original on 29 July 2024.
- ^ "Encuesta CATI Meganalysis Verdad Venezuela Mayo 2024" [Meganalisis CATI Poll Truth of Venezuela May 2024] (in Spanish). Meganalisis. 27 May 2024. Archived from the original on 29 May 2024. Retrieved 29 May 2024 – via Google Drive.
- ^ "Encuestadora Meganalisis" [Meganalisis Pollster]. Meganalisis (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 28 May 2024. Retrieved 3 August 2024.
- ^ Salazar Castellanos, Daniel (6 June 2024). "Elecciones en Venezuela: así va la carrera electoral entre Maduro y González, según últimas encuestas" [Elections in Venezuela: this is how the electoral race between Maduro and González is going, according to the latest polls]. Bloomberg Línea (in Spanish). Retrieved 3 August 2024.
- ^ Meza, José Gregorio (9 May 2024). "La mayoría de los venezolanos quiere que Maduro deje el poder (y aspira a que Edmundo González sea el nuevo presidente)" [Most Venezuelans want Maduro to leave power (and hope that Edmundo González will be the new president)]. El Nacional. Archived from the original on 23 May 2024. Retrieved 3 August 2024.
- ^ "Edmundo González le ganaría por más de millón y medio de votos a Maduro si hay participación masiva en las elecciones presidenciales". Consultores 21. 8 May 2024. Archived from the original on 29 July 2024.
- ^ Martínez, Deisy (4 May 2024). "Polarización entre Maduro y Edmundo y 75% de participación: claves de nueva encuesta de Datincorp" [Polarization between Maduro and Edmundo and 75% participation: keys to new Datincorp poll]. Efecto Cocuyo (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 3 August 2024. Retrieved 3 August 2024.
- ^ "Encuesta Flash CATI Meganalisis Verdad Venezuela - del 25 al 28 de Abril 2024" [Meganalisis CATI Flash Poll Truth of Venezuela - April 25 to 28, 2024] (in Spanish). Meganalisis. 30 April 2024. Retrieved 3 August 2024 – via Google Drive.
- ^ "Encuestadora Meganalisis" [Meganalisis Pollster]. Meganalisis (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 16 May 2024. Retrieved 3 August 2024.
- ^ "Una encuesta reveló la aplastante ventaja de Edmundo González sobre Nicolás Maduro de cara a las elecciones presidenciales" [A poll revealed Edmundo Gonzalez's overwhelming lead over Nicolas Maduro in the presidential elections]. Infobae (in European Spanish). 29 April 2024. Archived from the original on 3 August 2024. Retrieved 3 August 2024.
- ^ Alcalde, Carolina. "Edmundo González, el candidato presidencial poco conocido en Venezuela que sin hablar toma impulso en las encuestas". Voice of America. Archived from the original on 29 July 2024.
- ^ "Encuesta CATI Meganalisis Verdad Venezuela Abril 2024" [Meganalisis CATI Poll Truth of Venezuela April 2024] (in Spanish). Meganalisis. 10 April 2024. Archived from the original on 4 August 2024. Retrieved 3 August 2024 – via Google Drive.
- ^ "Encuestadora Meganalisis" [Meganalisis Pollster]. Meganalisis (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 12 April 2024. Retrieved 3 August 2024.
- ^ Rodríguez, Carmen (11 April 2024). "Venezuela: María Corina Machado derrotaría por casi 40 puntos a Nicolás Maduro en las presidenciales, según encuesta" [Venezuela: María Corina Machado would defeat Nicolás Maduro by almost 40 points in presidential election, according to poll]. El Tiempo (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 3 August 2024. Retrieved 3 August 2024.
- ^ "Encuesta CATI Meganalisis Verdad Venezuela Marzo 2024" [Meganalisis CATI Poll Truth of Venezuela March 2024] (in Spanish). Meganalisis. 15 March 2024. Retrieved 3 August 2024 – via Google Drive.
- ^ Meganalisis [@Meganalisis] (16 March 2024). "MEGANALISIS VERDAD VENEZUELA MAR-2024" [MEGANALISIS TRUTH OF VENEZUELA MAR-2024] (Tweet) (in Spanish). Retrieved 3 August 2024 – via Twitter.
- ^ Suarez, Enrique (17 March 2024). "Meganálisis: María Corina Machado se posiciona como la figura política más confiable del país" [Meganálisis: María Corina Machado positions herself as the most trusted political figure in the country]. El Impulso (in Spanish). Retrieved 3 August 2024.
- ^ "Cohesión – Política" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ "Encuestadora Meganalisis". encuestadorameganalisis.com. Archived from the original on 9 December 2023. Retrieved 5 December 2023.
- ^ @DatosAme24 (11 December 2023). "🇻🇪 Venezuela - Elecciones 2024 🔵 María Corina - 72.7% 🔴 Maduro - 7.9% ⚪ Rausseo - 0.6% 🟡 Ecarri - 0.1% Otros 0.1% Ninguno 8.4% Encuesta Meganalisis - 24 Nov - 28 Noviembre de Rubén Chirino" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
- ^ a b c "Encuestadora Meganalisis". www.encuestadorameganalisis.com. Archived from the original on 4 October 2023. Retrieved 12 September 2023.
- ^ "Datincorp – Informe del estudio – Cohesión – Política – 5 de febrero del 2023" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 May 2023. Retrieved 31 May 2023.
- ^ @DatosAme24 (31 March 2024). "🇻🇪 #Venezuela - 🔵El 53% de los venezolanos votarían por un candidato Unitario de la oposición Llámese como se llamé Por regiones 🔵Occidente - 60% 🔵Centro - 56% 🔵Andes - 51% 🔵Oriente Sur - 51% 🔵Los llanos - 47% 🔵Centro Occidente - 45% Encuesta DATINCORP" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
- ^ "Quiénes son los candidatos opositores que lideran la intención de voto en Venezuela". infobae (in European Spanish). 29 March 2023. Archived from the original on 31 May 2023. Retrieved 26 June 2023.
- ^ Marcos H. López [@Hercon44] (3 February 2023). "Marcos Hernández López: ¿Si las elecciones presidenciales se realizarán el próximo domingo?" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
- ^ Kurmanaev, Anatoly (29 July 2024). "Here's what to know about Venezuela's flawed election". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 29 July 2024. Retrieved 29 July 2024.
- ^ Echols, William (16 August 2024). "Venezuela attacks UN with 'propaganda' accusation for reporting election transparency issues". Voice of America News. Retrieved 17 August 2024.
- ^ "Comando Con Venezuela informó que mitigaron más de 44 millones de ataques contra la web de revisión de actas" [Comando Con Venezuela reported that they mitigated more than 44 million attacks against the website for reviewing records]. El Diario (in Spanish). 1 August 2024. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
- ^ a b Paraguassu, Lisandra; Fernandez, Leonardo; Buitrago, Deisy (1 August 2024). "Brazil, Mexico and Colombia call for Venezuela to release full vote tallies". Reuters. Retrieved 2 August 2024.
- ^ a b c Osborn, Catherine (1 August 2024). "Venezuela's Post-Election Moment of Truth". Foreign Policy. Retrieved 2 August 2024.
- ^ "TSJ solicita al CNE consignar actas de escrutinios a nivel nacional y las actas de totalización" [The Supreme Tribunal of Justice requests the National Electoral Council to publish the national level tally sheets and reports of totals]. Efecto Cocuyo (in Spanish). 2 August 2024. Wikidata d:Q128435622. Archived from the original on 3 August 2024. Retrieved 20 August 2024.
- ^ Figueiredo Filho, Dalson; Gomez Duarte (pseudonym), Jose Antonio; Nishimura, Raphael; Mebane, Walter (28 July 2024). "Estimating Vote Counts with Limited Electoral Integrity" (PDF). Google apis. Wikidata d:Q128304770. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 August 2024. Retrieved 10 August 2024.
- ^ a b c Applebaum, Anne (31 July 2024). "Venezuela's Dictator Can't Even Lie Well". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on 31 July 2024. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
In the hours after the polls closed, much of the international media had refrained from stating the obvious. 'BREAKING:,' the Associated Press tweeted on Monday. 'Venezuela's President Nicolás Maduro is declared the winner in the presidential election amid opposition claims of irregularities.' But by Tuesday morning, it was absolutely clear that the election was not merely irregular or tainted or disputed: The election had been stolen.
- ^ Figueiredo Filho, Dalson; Gomez Duarte (pseudonym), Jose Antonio; Nishimura, Raphael; Mebane, Walter (31 July 2024). "AltaVista PVT Results". Metabase app. Wikidata d:Q128304783. Archived from the original on 2 August 2024. Retrieved 10 August 2024.
- ^ a b Kurmanaev, Anatoly (6 August 2024). "Venezuela's Strongman Was Confident of Victory. Then Came the Shock". New York Times. Archived from the original on 7 August 2024. Retrieved 8 August 2024.
- ^ Otis, John; Kahn, Carrie (30 July 2024). "Protesters take to the streets in Venezuela over contested presidential election". All Things Considered. NPR. Retrieved 30 July 2024.
- ^ "Fiscal Saab abre investigación a María Corina Machado por supuesto ataque informático desde Macedonia del Norte" [Prosecutor Saab opens investigation into Maria Corina Machado for alleged cyber attack from North Macedonia]. DolarToday (in Spanish). 20 July 2024. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
- ^ a b "Resultados de las elecciones en Venezuela 2024, en vivo / Jorge Rodríguez, presidente de la Asamblea: 'María Corina Machado y Edmundo González deben ir presos'" [Venezuela 2024 election results, live / Jorge Rodríguez, president of the Assembly: 'María Corina Machado and Edmundo González must go to jail']. El Pais (in Spanish). 30 July 2024. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
- ^ a b Tovar, Javier (7 August 2024). "'No Evidence' Of Venezuela Vote Hacking, Says Carter Center Mission Chief". Barrons. Agence France-Presse. Retrieved 7 August 2024.
- ^ Patiño, Juan Pablo (1 August 2024). "CNE venezolano canceló, sin explicación, la entrega del segundo boletín de las elecciones" [Venezuelan CNE canceled, without explanation, the delivery of the second bulletin of the elections]. www.elcolombiano.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 2 August 2024.
- ^ "Fraude en Venezuela: sin mostrar las actas, el CNE chavista ratificó la cuestionada victoria de Nicolás Maduro" [Fraud in Venezuela: without showing the minutes, the Chavista CNE ratified the questioned victory of Nicolás Maduro]. Infobae. 2 August 2024. Retrieved 2 August 2024.
- ^ "'Si es un número global que no tiene explicación de las mesas, tampoco es transparente': Centro Carter en NTN24 sobre segundo boletín del CNE" ['If it is a global number that has no explanation of the tables, it is not transparent either': Carter Center on NTN24 about the second CNE bulletin]. NTN24 (in Spanish). 2 August 2024. Retrieved 4 August 2024.
- ^ a b c "CNE ratifica proclamación de Nicolás Maduro en segundo boletín" [CNE ratifies proclamation of Nicolás Maduro in second bulletin]. Efecto Cocuyo (in Spanish). 2 August 2024. Wikidata Q128403686. Archived from the original on 3 August 2024. Retrieved 4 August 2024.
- ^ LLaneras, Kiko (2 August 2024). "¿Quién ganó en Venezuela? Los datos de la oposición son más verificables que los oficiales" [Who won in Venezuela? The opposition data are more verifiable than the official data]. El Pais (in Spanish). Wikidata d:Q128332901. Archived from the original on 2 August 2024. Retrieved 20 August 2024.
- ^ a b c Tao, Terence (2 August 2024). "What are the odds, II: the Venezuelan presidential election". terrytao.wordpress.com. Wikidata d:Q128334636. Archived from the original on 2 August 2024. Retrieved 10 August 2024.
- ^ "The decimals of the published results of the elections in Venezuela: what the official figures have been and what suspicions they raise among experts · Maldita.es - Journalism to keep you from being deceived". Maldita.es — Journalism to keep you from being deceived. 31 July 2024. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
- ^ a b Sol Amaya; Sebastián Jiménez; Jhasua Razo (9 August 2024), After Venezuela's contested presidential vote, experts say government results are a 'statistical improbability', CNN, Wikidata Q129258054, archived from the original on 9 August 2024
- ^ "Results of the elections in Venezuela 2024, live, The CNE again declares Maduro the winner without showing the ballots with 96.87% counted". El País. 2 August 2024. Retrieved 2 August 2024.
- ^ "Consejo Nacional Electoral de Venezuela ratifica victoria de Nicolás Maduro" [Venezuela's National Electoral Council confirms victory of Nicolás Maduro]. canaln.pe (in Spanish). 2 August 2024. Archived from the original on 2 August 2024. Retrieved 2 August 2024.
- ^ a b Vyas, Kejal; Dubé, Ryan (30 July 2024). "Venezuela's Opposition Releases Election Database; Claims Big Victory Over Strongman Maduro". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 30 July 2024. Retrieved 30 July 2024.
The Venezuelan opposition has moved to show concrete evidence that the election was stolen. ... The opposition said it had collected data from 73% of the country's voting stations on its own and compiled it in a publicly accessible database on Tuesday. Using their national identification, Venezuelans can sign in and review a scanned tally sheet from their voting station showing how many votes went to each candidate. ... 'I found mine, the proof is there,' said Celina Ramirez, an opposition supporter who said she was able to log into the website to locate the tally sheet from her east Caracas voting center, which she said showed González receiving the lion's share of votes. 'There's no way the regime can fool everyone with their tricks,' she added ... The Carter Center, one of the few international organizations invited to monitor the elections, has urged Venezuela's government to release comprehensive polling data at the local level, which is needed to assess the electoral process. ...The opposition hopes the release of the database will increase pressure on Maduro's autocratic regime to make public the detailed results of the election.
Also available from MSN Archived 30 July 2024 at the Wayback Machine. - ^ Review of tally sheets and electoral documents – Venezuelan Presidential Election 2024 (PDF), Electoral Observation Mission, 3 August 2024, Wikidata Q128803681, archived (PDF) from the original on 9 August 2024
- ^ Kurmanaev, Anatoly; Singer, Ethan (31 July 2024). "Election Results Presented by Venezuela's Opposition Suggest Maduro Lost Decisively". The New York Times. ProQuest 3086389379. Retrieved 23 August 2024.
- ^ Kronick, Dorothy (22 August 2024). "On the validityy of vote counts published by the Venezuelan opposition" (PDF). DorothKronick.com. Retrieved 23 August 2024.
- ^ a b Mebane, Walter. "eforensics Analysis of the Venezuela 2024 Presidential Elections" (PDF). umich.edu. Retrieved 6 August 2024.
- ^ a b "Results of the 2024 Venezuelan presidential election: PUD version 2". resultadosconvzla.com. 2 August 2024. Wikidata d:Q128634804. Archived from the original on 8 August 2024. Retrieved 10 August 2024.
- ^ "El Centro Carter consideró que las elecciones presidenciales en Venezuela 'no pueden considerarse democráticas'" [Carter Center considers Venezuelan presidential elections 'cannot be considered democratic']. infobae (in Spanish). 31 July 2024.
- ^ a b Garcia Cano, Regina (29 July 2024). "Venezuela election live updates: Opposition claims victory after Maduro was declared the winner". Associated Press. Associated Press. Archived from the original on 28 July 2024. Retrieved 29 July 2024.
- ^ a b c Schmidt, Samantha; Brown, Matthew (1 August 2024). "U.S. says Maduro lost Venezuelan election, calls for talks, transition". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2 August 2024.
Blinken did not say the United States was recognizing González as Venezuela's president.
- ^ "Comunicado: Sobre las elecciones presidenciales" [Communication: About the presidential elections]. Tribuna Popular Wordpress (in Spanish). 29 July 2024. Wikidata d:Q128133222. Archived from the original on 30 July 2024. Retrieved 30 July 2024.
- ^ Buschschlüter, Vanessa (29 July 2024). "Venezuela's Maduro declared winner in disputed vote". BBC News. Archived from the original on 29 July 2024. Retrieved 29 July 2024.
- ^ "Rausseo, Ceballos, Martínez y Brito reconocen resultados emanados por el CNE". La Verdad (in Spanish). 29 July 2024. Retrieved 30 July 2024.
- ^ Cramer, Philissa (8 August 2024). "Venezuela's Maduro blames 'international Zionism' for unrest after disputed vote". The Times of Israel.
- ^ Starr, Michael (6 August 2024). "Maduro: 'International Zionism' behind civil unrest in Venezuela". The Jerusalem Post.
- ^ a b Delgado, Antonio Maria; Ortiz Blanes, Syra (14 August 2024). "A hundred thousand Venezuelans are considering leaving the country right now, poll says". Miami Herald. Yahoo News. Retrieved 15 August 2024.
- ^ a b Lorena Arroyo; Federico Rivas Molina (29 July 2024). "Venezuela declares Maduro winner of election, but US and others question the result". El Pais. Retrieved 30 July 2024.
- ^ a b "Venezuela election live updates: Opposition claims victory after Maduro was declared the winner". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 28 July 2024. Retrieved 28 July 2024.
- ^ "The Guardian view on Venezuela's elections: making the people's votes count". 30 July 2024. Retrieved 30 July 2024.
- ^ Iglesias, Simone (29 July 2024). "Brazil, Mexico, Colombia Negotiating Joint Statement on Venezuela Election Transparency". Bloomberg. Retrieved 30 July 2024.
- ^ "Lula sobre Venezuela: 'Apresenta a ata', diz presidente sobre impasse na eleição". BBC News Brasil (in Brazilian Portuguese). 30 July 2024. Retrieved 30 July 2024.
É normal que tenha uma briga. Como resolve essa briga? Apresenta a ata
- ^ "Venezuela's Maduro asks for phone call with Lula, says source". Reuters. 1 August 2024. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
- ^ a b Castillo, E. Eduardo; Barcia Cano, Regina (6 August 2024). "Brazil, Colombia and Mexico in talks with Venezuelan government and opposition on election crisis". AP News. Retrieved 7 August 2024.
- ^ Spetalnick, Matt; Stewart, Phil (30 July 2024). "US accuses Venezuela of election manipulation, leaves door open to sanctions". Reuters. Retrieved 30 July 2024.
- ^ Wells, Ione; Mackintosh, Thomas (1 August 2024). "Overwhelming evidence Venezuela opposition won election - Blinken". BBC. Retrieved 2 August 2024.
- ^ a b Gamez Torres, Nora (7 August 2024). "U.S. supports negotiations with Maduro but won't call opposition winner president-elect". Miami Herald. Retrieved 7 August 2024.
- ^ Cullison, Alan; Lubold, Gordon (2 August 2024). "U.S. Says Maduro's Opponent Won Presidential Election". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 2 August 2024.
Blinken's statement stopped short of calling González a president-elect, a diplomatic sleight of hand that leaves the possibility for Washington to step up its pressure further.
- ^ Singh, Kanishka; Spetalnick, Matt (2 August 2024). "US recognizes Maduro's opponent as winner in Venezuela election". Reuters. Retrieved 3 August 2024.
The announcement from Washington did not go beyond congratulating him for a 'successful campaign,' the closest the U.S. has come since Sunday's contested election to recognizing Gonzalez as the OPEC nation's new leader.
- ^ Phillips, Tom (2 August 2024). "Venezuela election: US recognises opposition candidate Edmundo González as winner". The Guardian. Retrieved 2 August 2024.
On Thursday night, the US secretary of state, Antony Blinken, rejected the incumbent's claims and recognised González as Venezuela's president-elect.
- ^ "Nine Latin American governments call for emergency OAS meeting". Reuters. 29 July 2024. Retrieved 29 July 2024.
- ^ Lorena Arroyo; Federico Rivas Molina (29 July 2024). "Estados Unidos, Brasil, la UE, España, Chile, Colombia y Argentina piden que se verifiquen los resultados en Venezuela" [United States, Brazil, the European Union, Spain, Chile, Colombia and Argentina ask that the results in Venezuela be verified]. El País América (in Spanish). Retrieved 29 July 2024.
- ^ "Venezuela vote results unreliable, says OAS body". Reuters. 30 July 2024. Retrieved 30 July 2024.
- ^ "OAS - Organization of American States: Democracy for peace, security, and development". OAS - Organization of American States. 1 August 2009. Retrieved 30 July 2024.
- ^ "Este es el párrafo de la discordia que impidió un consenso sobre resolución de la OEA acerca de Venezuela" [This is the paragraph of discord that prevented a consensus on the OAS resolution on Venezuela]. NTN24 (in Spanish). 31 July 2024. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
- ^ "La OEA no aprobó la resolución sobre la situación en Venezuela: así votaron los países de la región" [The OAS did not approve the resolution on the situation in Venezuela: this is how the countries of the region voted]. NTN24 (in Spanish). 31 July 2024. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
- ^ a b "Perú se convierte en el primer país en considerar a Edmundo González como 'presidente electo' de Venezuela" [Peru becomes the first country to consider Edmundo González as 'president-elect' of Venezuela] (in Spanish). BBC News Mundo. 30 July 2024. Retrieved 3 August 2024.
- ^ "Perú expulsa a los diplomáticos venezolanos y les da 72 horas para abandonar el país" [Peru expels Venezuelan diplomats and gives them 72 hours to leave the country]. Infobae (in Spanish). 29 July 2024. Retrieved 29 July 2024.
- ^ "Peru orders Venezuelan diplomats out after contested vote". Reuters. 29 July 2024. Retrieved 29 July 2024.
- ^ a b Fernandez, Leonardo; Paraguassu, Lisandra (1 August 2024). "Brazil running Argentina, Peru embassies in Caracas after election-related expulsions". Reuters. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
- ^ "Panama suspends diplomatic relations with Venezuela pending election review". Reuters. 29 July 2024. Retrieved 29 July 2024.
- ^ Pinto Duitama, Karen (29 July 2024). "Perú ordena el retiro de personal venezolano luego de que Maduro cortara relaciones" [Peru orders withdrawal of Venezuelan personnel after Maduro cuts ties]. La Republica (in Spanish). Retrieved 30 July 2024.
- ^ Sa Pessoa, Gabriela; Garcia Cano, Regina (15 August 2024). "Venezuela's opposition faces setback after countries suggest repeat of presidential election". Associated Press. Retrieved 16 August 2024.
- ^ Buitrago, Deisy; Nava, Mariela (18 August 2024). "Venezuelan opposition protests as election dispute drags on". Reuters. Retrieved 20 August 2024.
- ^ Goodman, Joshua; Garcia Cano, Regina (29 July 2024). "Venezuelans take to streets of Caracas to protest Maduro's claim that he won presidential election". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 29 July 2024. Retrieved 29 July 2024.
- ^ "See how Venezuelans are using pots to protest Maduro's victory". CNN. 29 July 2024. Retrieved 29 July 2024.
- ^ "See angry Venezuelans living abroad react to President Maduro's election win claim". CNN. 29 July 2024. Retrieved 29 July 2024.
- ^ Calvo, Gastón (1 August 2024). "Organizaciones de Derechos Humanos condenaron en conjunto las acciones represivas del régimen de Nicolás Maduro" [Human Rights Organizations jointly condemned the repressive actions of the Nicolás Maduro regime]. Infobae (in Spanish). Retrieved 1 August 2024.
- ^ "Venezuela: International organizations condemn the high levels of violence and repression and demand that the authorities guarantee the right to protest and full respect for the rights to life, personal integrity and freedom" (Press release). Amnesty International. 1 August 2024. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
- ^ a b c Wells, Ione (8 August 2024). "Venezuela security forces swoop on activists as repression worsens". BBC News. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
- ^ a b Herrero, Ana Vanessa; Paul, Maria Luisa; Schmidt, Samantha (31 July 2024). "Maduro urges Venezuelans to report protesters who question his reelection". The Washington Post. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
- ^ a b Itriago Acosta, Andreina (30 July 2024). "Venezuela Detains Opposition Figure Amid Post-Election Crackdown". Bloomberg. Retrieved 30 July 2024.
- ^ Schmidt, Samantha (8 August 2024). "Maduro boasts 2,200 arrests since election; rights groups say 23 dead". Washington Post. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
- ^ "Thousands of arrests and terrorism charges: Nicolás Maduro intensifies persecution of opponents in Venezuela". El Pais. 9 August 2024. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
- ^ Schmidt, Samantha; Herrero, Ana Vanessa (30 July 2024). "At least 16 reported dead as Maduro meets Venezuelan protests with force". The Washington Post. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
- ^ "Maduro culpa a María Corina y a Edmundo de 'violencia criminal' y pide 'justicia'" [Maduro blames María Corina and Edmundo for 'criminal violence' and calls for 'justice']. NTN24 (in Spanish). 30 July 2024. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
- ^ Machado, Maria Corina (1 August 2024). "I Can Prove Maduro Got Trounced". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
- ^ Aure, Yanuacelis (6 August 2024). "Confirmaron que Freddy Superlano y Roland Carreño se encuentran recluidos en El Helicoide" [Confirmed that Freddy Superlano and Roland Carreño are being held in El Helicoide]. El Diario (in Spanish). Retrieved 7 August 2024.
- ^ "Hombres armados arrestan a Freddy Superlano y otros dos políticos opositores" [Armed men arrest Freddy Superlano and two other political opposers]. NTN24 (in Spanish). 30 July 2024. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
- ^ "El escalofriante video con el que el régimen de Maduro atemoriza a los venezolanos y se burla de la dirigente María Oropeza y de la oposición" [The chilling video with which the Maduro regime frightens Venezuelans and mocks the leader María Oropeza and the opposition]. Infobae (in Spanish). 8 August 2024. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
- ^ "Venezuela: Nicolás Maduro bans X for 10 days over Elon Musk row". BBC News. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
- ^ "Venezuela's Maduro signs decree blocking X access in country for 10 days". Reuters. 9 August 2024. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
- ^ "Venezuela legislators approve law to regulate NGOs". Reuters. 15 August 2024. Retrieved 20 August 2024.
- ^ "¿Quiénes son los peritos del TSJ que verifican material del 28 de julio?" [Who are the TSJ experts verifying the documents of 28 July?]. Efecto Cocuyo (in Spanish). 20 August 2024. Wikidata d:Q129576388. Archived from the original on 22 August 2024. Citing Smartmatic: "Smartmatic Statement on the recent Constituent Assembly Election in Venezuela". Smartmatic. 2 August 2017. Wikidata d:Q129572081. Archived from the original on 20 August 2024. Retrieved 23 August 2024.
- ^ "Venezuela's Supreme Court, a tribunal that dispenses justice tailored to Nicolás Maduro's needs". El Pais. 23 August 2024. Retrieved 23 August 2024.
- ^ Abrams, Elliott (19 July 2024). "Can Maduro Be Negotiated Out of Venezuela?". Council on Foreign Relations. Archived from the original on 25 July 2024. Retrieved 29 July 2024.
- ^ Schmidt, Samantha; Herrero, Ana Vanessa (27 July 2024). "If Maduro loses, will he cede power? Venezuela's election, explained". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 27 July 2024. Retrieved 27 July 2024.
- ^ a b Gámez Torres, Nora (8 August 2024). "Machado: Opposition would offer Maduro incentives to negotiate transition to democracy". Miami Herald. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
- ^ Rodríguez, Francisco (7 August 2024). "A Deal That Could Save Venezuela". The New York Times. Wikidata d:Q128800425. Archived from the original on 7 August 2024. Retrieved 7 August 2024.
- ^ Schmidt, Samantha; Dias, Marina (15 August 2024). "Amid calls for new elections in Venezuela, opposition weighs next move". The Washington Post. Retrieved 16 August 2024.
- ^ Oliveira, Rafael (16 August 2024). "Maduro, Machado Reject Calls From Lula, Petro, Biden for a Second Venezuelan Election". The New York Sun. Retrieved 17 August 2024.
- ^ "US says it has not offered Maduro amnesty since election". Reuters. 12 August 2024. Retrieved 13 August 2024.
- ^ Wilner, Michael; Delgado, Antonio Maria (11 August 2024). "U.S. says it hasn't offered Maduro amnesty to leave power, but is open to suggestions". Miami Herald. Retrieved 12 August 2024.
Further reading
- Raisbeck, Daniel (30 July 2024). "Twelve Graphs on Why Maduro Could Only "Win" by Stealing Venezuela's Election". Cato Institute. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
- Viswanathan, R. (6 July 2024). "United States is the obstacle for free and fair elections in Venezuela". The Week. Retrieved 6 July 2024.
External links
- Venezuela election live updates
- Detailed election results provided by the opposition
(Venezuelan identity needed for access)
- "Debate Primarias 2023 #HablanlosCandidatos – VPItv En Vivo". YouTube. 12 July 2023.