Timeline of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk is a timeline of events during the lifespan of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. The timeline also includes the background events starting with the Sultan Abdul Hamid II.
Legend | |||
---|---|---|---|
Military career | Leadership during Independence | Presidency | Personal life |
1876 | 1 September | Accession of Abdul Hamid II.[1] |
23 December | Promulgation of Ottoman constitution Ottoman constitution of 1876 (Kanûn-ı Esâsî). | |
1877 | 19 March | Opening of first Ottoman parliament. |
24 April | Russian troops enter Ottoman territory. | |
1878 | 14 February | Ottoman parliament dissolved. |
3 March | Russian victory confirmed by Treaty of San Stefano (Ayastefanos). | |
13 July | Treaty of Berlin replaces Treaty of San Stefano. | |
1881 | Mustafa (Kemal Atatürk) born in Salonica (Selanik, now Thessaloniki, Greece). | |
24 May | New border with Greece. Thessaly ceded to Greece. | |
1888 | Ali Rıza, Mustafa's father, dies. | |
1893 | Mustafa enters military preparatory school in Salonica. | |
1897 | Greco-Ottoman War. | |
1899 | 13 March | Mustafa Kemal enters infantry class of War College in Constantinople (now known in English as Istanbul). |
1902 | 10 February | Commissioned Second Lieutenant, and enters Staff College. |
1903 | Promoted First Lieutenant. | |
1905 | 11 January | Passes out as Staff Captain and is posted for Fifth Army in Syria; revives a secret opposition group in Damascus. |
1906 | Makes clandestine trip to Salonica. | |
1907 | 20 June | Promoted Adjutant-Major. |
13 October | Posted to Third Army headquarters in Salonica. | |
1908 | 22 June | Appointed to Inspectorate of Eastern Railways in Rumelia. |
24 July | Young Turk Revolution. | |
September | Mustafa Kemal travels to Tripoli and Benghazi to re-establish CUP. | |
1909 | 13 January | Appointed chief of staff of 7th reserve division in Salonica. |
13 April | Travels with his division to the outskirts of Constantinople; 31 March Incident. | |
27 April | Abdul Hamid II deposed and succeeded by Mehmet V; 31 March Incident. | |
1910 | September | Visits French army manoeuvres in Picardy. |
1911 | 15 January | Appointed to 5th army corps headquarters. |
January | Commander 38th infantry regiment. | |
13 September | Posted to general staff in Constantinople. | |
September | Volunteers for service against the Italians in Cyrenaica. | |
27 November | Promoted Major. | |
1912 | 11 March | Appointed commander of Derne sector in Cyrenaica; Italo-Turkish War. |
8 October | First Balkan War. | |
8 October | Salonica falls to the Greeks. | |
24 October | Mustafa Kemal leaves Cyrenaica and returns to Constantinople. | |
25 November | Appointed director of operations of Straits Composite Force. | |
1913 | 23 January | CUP seizes power (1913 Ottoman coup d'état). |
24 March | Adrianople (Edirne) falls to the Bulgarians. | |
29 June | Second Balkan War. | |
21 July | Ottomans reoccupy Edirne. | |
29 September | Treaty of Constantinople fixes Turkish-Bulgarian frontier. | |
27 October | Mustafa Kemal appointed military attaché in Sofia. | |
1914 | 1 March | Mustafa Kemal promoted Lieutenant-Colonel. |
28 July | Austria declares war on Serbia; beginning of First World War. | |
2 August | Ottoman Empire signs Ottoman–German alliance. | |
29 October | After Pursuit of Goeben and Breslau Ottoman navy under German command shells Russian targets. | |
2 November | Russia declares war on Ottoman Empire. | |
5 November | Britain declares war on Ottoman Empire. | |
5 November | France declares war on Ottoman Empire. | |
1915 | 20 January | Mustafa Kemal leaves Sofia to take up appointment as commander of 19th division for service in Battle of Gallipoli. |
21 March | Allied navy fails to force the straits at Naval operations in the Dardanelles Campaign. | |
27 April | Allied troops Landing at Anzac Cove faced with Kemal. | |
6 August | Final attempts made by the British at Battle of Sari Bair faced with Kemal. | |
1919 | 30 April | Appointed the Inspector of the Ninth Army Troops. |
19 May | Kemal lands in Samsun. | |
8 July | Mustafa Kemal resigns from the post of Inspector of Third Army and from the army. | |
23 July | Kemal elected Chairman of Erzurum Congress. | |
1920 | 23 April | Kemal opens the Grand National Assembly (BMM) in Angora (now Ankara). |
11 May | Kemal is condemned to death by the government in Constantinople. | |
1921 | 5 August | Appointed Commander - in - Chief by the Grand National Assembly. |
23 August | The battle of Sakarya begins with Turkish troops led by Mustafa Kemal. | |
19 September | Kemal receives the rank of Marshal and the title Gazi (veteran, victorious warrior). | |
1922 | 26 August | Gazi Mustafa Kemal begins to lead Great Offensive from the hill of Kocatepe. |
30 August | Mustafa Kemal at the Battle of Dumlupınar. | |
10 September | Enters Izmir. | |
1 November | The Grand National Assembly abolish the Sultanate. | |
1923 | 14 January | Zübeyde Hanım dies in Smyrna (now Izmir). |
29 January | Mustafa Kemal and Latife Uşşakizade marry in Izmir. | |
29 October | Proclamation of the Republic of Turkey. | |
29 October | Elected first president. | |
1928 | 9 August | Speaks at Sarayburnu about the new Turkish alphabet. |
1932 | 12 July | Founds the Turkish Linguistic Society (now the Turkish Language Association).[2] |
1934 | 16 June | The Grand National Assembly of Turkey passes a law granting him the surname "ATATÜRK". |
1938 | 10 November | He dies. |
See also
- Kemalist historiography
- Timeline of the Turkish War of Independence
- Timeline of Turkish history
- World War I timeline
References
- ^ The New Encyclopaedia Britannica. Inc Encyclopaedia Britannica (15th ed.). Chicago, Ill. 2010. ISBN 978-1-59339-837-8. OCLC 351325565.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: others (link) - ^ Tachau, Frank (1964). "Language and Politics: Turkish Language Reform". The Review of Politics. 26 (2): 196–198. doi:10.1017/S0034670500004733. ISSN 0034-6705. JSTOR 1405748. S2CID 144763761.