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{{Short description|Online platform for rental accommodations}} |
{{Short description|Online platform for rental accommodations}} |
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{{Multiple issues| |
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{{Unreliable sources|date=October 2020}} |
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{{Undue weight|date=May 2022}} |
{{Undue weight|date=May 2022}} |
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{{Use American English|date=April 2019}} |
{{Use American English|date=April 2019}} |
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{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2022}} |
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2022}} |
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| num_employees = 6,132 (Dec 2021) |
| num_employees = 6,132 (Dec 2021) |
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| website = {{URL|airbnb.com}} |
| website = {{URL|airbnb.com}} |
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| footnotes = <ref>{{cite web | title=Company Overview of Airbnb, Inc. | url=https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=115705393 | website=[[Bloomberg L.P.]] |
| footnotes = <ref>{{cite web | title=Company Overview of Airbnb, Inc. | url=https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=115705393 | website=[[Bloomberg L.P.]] | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180108004352/https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=115705393 | archive-date=January 8, 2018 | url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Nathan Blecharczyk | url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/nathan-blecharczyk/ | website=[[Forbes]]}}</ref><ref name=10K>{{cite web | url=https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1559720/000155972022000006/abnb-20211231.htm | title=Airbnb, Inc. 2021 Form 10-K Annual Report | publisher=[[U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission]] | date=February 25, 2022}}</ref> |
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{{Homestay service}} |
{{Homestay service}} |
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'''Airbnb, Inc.''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|ɛər|ˌ|b|iː|ɛ|n|ˈ|b|iː}} {{respell|AIR|BEE|en|BEE}}), based in San Francisco, California, operates an [[online marketplace]] focused on short-term [[homestay]]s and experiences. The company acts as a [[broker]] and charges a [[commission (remuneration)|commission]] from each booking. The company was founded in 2008 by Brian Chesky, Nathan Blecharczyk, and Joe Gebbia. Airbnb is a shortened version of its original name, AirBedandBreakfast.com. |
'''Airbnb, Inc.''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|ɛər|ˌ|b|iː|ɛ|n|ˈ|b|iː}} {{respell|AIR|BEE|en|BEE}}), based in San Francisco, California, operates an [[online marketplace]] focused on short-term [[homestay]]s and experiences. The company acts as a [[broker]] and charges a [[commission (remuneration)|commission]] from each booking. The company was founded in 2008 by Brian Chesky, Nathan Blecharczyk, and Joe Gebbia. Airbnb is a shortened version of its original name, AirBedandBreakfast.com. |
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The company has been criticized for possibly enabling increases in home rents,<ref>{{cite news | title=Research: When Airbnb Listings in a City Increase, So Do Rent Prices | url=https://hbr.org/2019/04/research-when-airbnb-listings-in-a-city-increase-so-do-rent-prices | last1=Barron | first1=Kyle | last2=Kung | first2=Edward | last3=Proserpio | first3=Davide | work=[[Harvard Business Review]] | date=April 17, 2019}}</ref> refusing to provide sensitive customer data to governments, allowing listings in [[West Bank settlement]]s, and it has been criticized by the [[hotel industry]] for not being subject to fair |
The company has been criticized for possibly enabling increases in home rents,<ref>{{cite news | title=Research: When Airbnb Listings in a City Increase, So Do Rent Prices | url=https://hbr.org/2019/04/research-when-airbnb-listings-in-a-city-increase-so-do-rent-prices | last1=Barron | first1=Kyle | last2=Kung | first2=Edward | last3=Proserpio | first3=Davide | work=[[Harvard Business Review]] | date=April 17, 2019}}</ref> refusing to provide sensitive customer data to governments, allowing listings in [[West Bank settlement]]s, and it has been criticized by the [[hotel industry]] for not being subject to fair regulations.<ref>{{cite news | last=Ferré-Sadurní | first=Luis | title=Where a $5 Million War Rages Between Airbnb and the Hotel Industry | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/30/nyregion/jersey-city-airbnb-vote.html | work=[[The New York Times]] | date=October 30, 2019 | url-access=limited}}</ref> |
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{{toc limit|3}} |
{{toc limit|3}} |
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After the founders raised $30,000 by selling cereal named after the two candidates of the [[2008 United States presidential election]], [[Barack Obama]] and [[John McCain]], mostly at the 2008 [[Democratic National Convention]],<ref>{{cite news | title=The Business of Politics | url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB121803424407616937 | work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] | last=Spors | first=Kelly | date=11 August 2008 | url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | last=Rusli | first=Evelyn | title=The New Start-Ups at Sun Valley | url=https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2011/07/07/the-new-sun-valley-start-ups/ | work=[[The New York Times]] | date=July 7, 2011}}</ref><ref name=cash>{{cite news | title=Where to get startup cash now | url=https://money.cnn.com/galleries/2010/smallbusiness/1003/gallery.startup_cash_now/ | work=[[CNN]] | last=Peng | first=Tina | date=March 24, 2010}}</ref><ref name=learn>{{cite news | last=Malik |first=Om | authorlink=Om Malik | title=What Every Startup Can Learn From AirBnB |url=https://old.gigaom.com/2011/02/22/airbnb/ | work=[[GigaOm]] | date=February 22, 2011}}</ref> computer programmer [[Paul Graham (computer programmer)|Paul Graham]] invited the founders to the January 2009 winter training session of his startup incubator, [[Y Combinator (company)|Y Combinator]], which provided them with training and $20,000 in funding in exchange for a 6% interest in the company.<ref name=howair/><ref name=learn/><ref name=ycombinator>{{cite news | title=Y Combinator's Airbed And Breakfast Casts A Wider Net For Housing Rentals As AirBnB | url=https://techcrunch.com/2009/03/04/y-combinators-airbed-and-breakfast-casts-a-wider-net-for-housing-rentals-as-airbnb/ | last=Rao | first=Leena | work=[[TechCrunch]] | date=March 4, 2009}}</ref><ref name=112million>{{Cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/BL-VCDB-11285 | title=Airbnb: From Y Combinator To $112M Funding In Three Years |last=Austin | first=Scott | work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |date=July 25, 2011 | url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.wired.com/2017/02/airbnbs-surprising-path-to-y-combinator/ | title=Airbnb’s Surprising Path to Y Combinator | first=LEIGH | last=GALLAGHER | work=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] | date=February 21, 2017 | url-access=subscription}}</ref> With the website already built, they used the [[Y Combinator]] investment to fly to New York to meet users and promote the site.<ref name=cash/> They returned to San Francisco with a profitable business model to present to West Coast investors. By March 2009, the site had 10,000 users and 2,500 listings.<ref name=ycombinator/> |
After the founders raised $30,000 by selling cereal named after the two candidates of the [[2008 United States presidential election]], [[Barack Obama]] and [[John McCain]], mostly at the 2008 [[Democratic National Convention]],<ref>{{cite news | title=The Business of Politics | url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB121803424407616937 | work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] | last=Spors | first=Kelly | date=11 August 2008 | url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | last=Rusli | first=Evelyn | title=The New Start-Ups at Sun Valley | url=https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2011/07/07/the-new-sun-valley-start-ups/ | work=[[The New York Times]] | date=July 7, 2011}}</ref><ref name=cash>{{cite news | title=Where to get startup cash now | url=https://money.cnn.com/galleries/2010/smallbusiness/1003/gallery.startup_cash_now/ | work=[[CNN]] | last=Peng | first=Tina | date=March 24, 2010}}</ref><ref name=learn>{{cite news | last=Malik |first=Om | authorlink=Om Malik | title=What Every Startup Can Learn From AirBnB |url=https://old.gigaom.com/2011/02/22/airbnb/ | work=[[GigaOm]] | date=February 22, 2011}}</ref> computer programmer [[Paul Graham (computer programmer)|Paul Graham]] invited the founders to the January 2009 winter training session of his startup incubator, [[Y Combinator (company)|Y Combinator]], which provided them with training and $20,000 in funding in exchange for a 6% interest in the company.<ref name=howair/><ref name=learn/><ref name=ycombinator>{{cite news | title=Y Combinator's Airbed And Breakfast Casts A Wider Net For Housing Rentals As AirBnB | url=https://techcrunch.com/2009/03/04/y-combinators-airbed-and-breakfast-casts-a-wider-net-for-housing-rentals-as-airbnb/ | last=Rao | first=Leena | work=[[TechCrunch]] | date=March 4, 2009}}</ref><ref name=112million>{{Cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/BL-VCDB-11285 | title=Airbnb: From Y Combinator To $112M Funding In Three Years |last=Austin | first=Scott | work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |date=July 25, 2011 | url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.wired.com/2017/02/airbnbs-surprising-path-to-y-combinator/ | title=Airbnb’s Surprising Path to Y Combinator | first=LEIGH | last=GALLAGHER | work=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] | date=February 21, 2017 | url-access=subscription}}</ref> With the website already built, they used the [[Y Combinator]] investment to fly to New York to meet users and promote the site.<ref name=cash/> They returned to San Francisco with a profitable business model to present to West Coast investors. By March 2009, the site had 10,000 users and 2,500 listings.<ref name=ycombinator/> |
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In March 2009, the name of the company was shortened to Airbnb.com |
In March 2009, the name of the company was shortened to Airbnb.com to eliminate confusion over air mattresses; by then listings included entire rooms and properties.<ref name=howair/> |
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In April 2009, the company received $600,000 in [[seed money]] from [[Sequoia Capital]], with Youniversity Ventures partners [[Jawed Karim]], [[Keith Rabois]], and [[Kevin Hartz]] participating.<ref>{{cite book | first=Leigh | last=Gallagher | title=The Airbnb Story: How Three Ordinary Guys Disrupted an Industry, Made Billions . . . and Created Plenty of Controversy | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4iGtDQAAQBAJ&q=youniversity%20ventures | date=February 14, 2017 | publisher=[[Houghton Mifflin Harcourt]] | isbn=978-0-544-95387-1 | page=31 | chapter=The Hustle}}</ref> In November 2010, it raised $7.2 million in financing from [[Greylock Partners]] and Sequoia Capital in a [[Series A round]], and announced that out of 700,000 nights booked, 80% had occurred in the previous six months.<ref>{{cite news | title=Airbnb Raises Cash to Expand Budget-Travel Service | url=https://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/11/10/airbnb-books-more-cash-to-connect-travelers-with-cheap-digs/ | work=[[The New York Times]] | last=Wortham | first=Jenna | date=November 10, 2010 | url-access=limited}}</ref> |
In April 2009, the company received $600,000 in [[seed money]] from [[Sequoia Capital]], with Youniversity Ventures partners [[Jawed Karim]], [[Keith Rabois]], and [[Kevin Hartz]] participating.<ref>{{cite book | first=Leigh | last=Gallagher | title=The Airbnb Story: How Three Ordinary Guys Disrupted an Industry, Made Billions . . . and Created Plenty of Controversy | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4iGtDQAAQBAJ&q=youniversity%20ventures | date=February 14, 2017 | publisher=[[Houghton Mifflin Harcourt]] | isbn=978-0-544-95387-1 | page=31 | chapter=The Hustle}}</ref> In November 2010, it raised $7.2 million in financing from [[Greylock Partners]] and Sequoia Capital in a [[Series A round]], and announced that out of 700,000 nights booked, 80% had occurred in the previous six months.<ref>{{cite news | title=Airbnb Raises Cash to Expand Budget-Travel Service | url=https://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/11/10/airbnb-books-more-cash-to-connect-travelers-with-cheap-digs/ | work=[[The New York Times]] | last=Wortham | first=Jenna | date=November 10, 2010 | url-access=limited}}</ref> |
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In April 2014, the company received a $450 million investment from [[TPG Capital]], with the company value estimated to be approximately $10 billion.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/tpg-led-group-closes-450-million-investment-in-airbnb-1397845128 | title=TPG-Led Group Closes $450 Million Investment in Airbnb | work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] | date=April 23, 2014 | url-access=subscription}}</ref> Additional funding was provided by [[Andreessen Horowitz]], [[Sequoia Capital]], [[Dragoneer Investment Group]], [[T. Rowe Price]], and [[Sherpa Capital]].<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://fortune.com/2014/08/01/airbnb-closes-475-million-funding-round/ | title=Airbnb closes $475 million funding round | website=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]] | date=August 1, 2014}}</ref> |
In April 2014, the company received a $450 million investment from [[TPG Capital]], with the company value estimated to be approximately $10 billion.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/tpg-led-group-closes-450-million-investment-in-airbnb-1397845128 | title=TPG-Led Group Closes $450 Million Investment in Airbnb | work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] | date=April 23, 2014 | url-access=subscription}}</ref> Additional funding was provided by [[Andreessen Horowitz]], [[Sequoia Capital]], [[Dragoneer Investment Group]], [[T. Rowe Price]], and [[Sherpa Capital]].<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://fortune.com/2014/08/01/airbnb-closes-475-million-funding-round/ | title=Airbnb closes $475 million funding round | website=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]] | date=August 1, 2014}}</ref> |
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In July 2014, Airbnb revealed design revisions to the site and mobile app and introduced a new logo. The logo, called the Bélo, is intended to serve as a symbol of "belonging", and consists of four elements: a head which represents people, a location icon that represents place, a heart to symbolize love, and a letter "A" to stand for the company's name.<ref>{{cite news | last=Baldwin | first=Roberto | title=Airbnb updates design and introduces controversial new Bélo logo | url=https://thenextweb.com/dd/2014/07/16/airbnb-updates-design-introduces-new-belo-logo/ | work=[[The Next Web]] | date=July 16, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | last=Clifford | first=Catherine | url=https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/235709 | title=Airbnb, Why the New Logo? | work=[[Entrepreneur (magazine)|Entrepreneur]] | date=July 17, 2014 | archive-date=May 29, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190529015911/https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/235709 | url-status=live}}</ref> |
In July 2014, Airbnb revealed design revisions to the site and mobile app and introduced a new logo. The logo, called the Bélo, is intended to serve as a symbol of "belonging", and consists of four elements: a head which represents people, a location icon that represents place, a heart to symbolize love, and a letter "A" to stand for the company's name.<ref>{{cite news | last=Baldwin | first=Roberto | title=Airbnb updates design and introduces controversial new Bélo logo | url=https://thenextweb.com/dd/2014/07/16/airbnb-updates-design-introduces-new-belo-logo/ | work=[[The Next Web]] | date=July 16, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | last=Clifford | first=Catherine | url=https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/235709 | title=Airbnb, Why the New Logo? | work=[[Entrepreneur (magazine)|Entrepreneur]] | date=July 17, 2014 | archive-date=May 29, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190529015911/https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/235709 | url-status=live}}</ref> It also announced a partnership with Concur, an expense reporting service for businesses, to make it easier for business travelers to report Airbnb stays as business expenses.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://techcrunch.com/2014/07/28/airbnb-concur/ | title=It's Business Time: Airbnb Targets Work Travelers With Concur Partnership | last=Lawler | first=Ryan | work=[[TechCrunch]] | date=July 28, 2014}}</ref> |
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In April 2015, following the easing of restrictions on U.S. businesses to operate in [[Cuba]], Airbnb expanded to [[Cuba]], making it one of the first U.S. companies to do so.<ref>{{cite news | last=Olorunnipa | first=Toluse | title=Cuba Is Fastest-Growing Market for Airbnb as Obama Cracks Door | url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-05-11/cuba-is-fastest-growing-market-for-airbnb-as-obama-cracks-door | work=[[Bloomberg News]] | date=May 11, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title=Here's what it's like to stay in a Cuban Airbnb, where everything looked great but was actually broken | url=https://www.businessinsider.com/what-its-like-to-stay-in-an-airbnb-in-havana-cuba-2015-6 | last=Macias | first=Amanda | work=[[Business Insider]] | date=June 30, 2015}}</ref> |
In April 2015, following the easing of restrictions on U.S. businesses to operate in [[Cuba]], Airbnb expanded to [[Cuba]], making it one of the first U.S. companies to do so.<ref>{{cite news | last=Olorunnipa | first=Toluse | title=Cuba Is Fastest-Growing Market for Airbnb as Obama Cracks Door | url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-05-11/cuba-is-fastest-growing-market-for-airbnb-as-obama-cracks-door | work=[[Bloomberg News]] | date=May 11, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title=Here's what it's like to stay in a Cuban Airbnb, where everything looked great but was actually broken | url=https://www.businessinsider.com/what-its-like-to-stay-in-an-airbnb-in-havana-cuba-2015-6 | last=Macias | first=Amanda | work=[[Business Insider]] | date=June 30, 2015}}</ref> |
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In September 2016, Airbnb raised $555.5 million in funding from [[Google Capital]] and [[Technology Crossover Ventures]], valuing the company at $30 billion.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/airbnb-raises-850-million-at-30-billion-valuation-1474569670 | title=Airbnb's Funding Round Led by Google Capital | last1=Farrell | first1=Maureen | last2=Bensinger | first2=Greg | work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] | issn=0099-9660 | date=September 22, 2016 | url-access=subscription}}</ref> In March 2017, Airbnb raised $1 billion in funding, bringing total funding raised to more than $3 billion and valuing the company at $31 billion.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.cnbc.com/2017/03/09/airbnb-closes-1-billion-round-31-billion-valuation-profitable.html | title=Airbnb just closed a $1 billion round and became profitable in 2016 | last=Thomas | first=Lauren | work=[[CNBC]] | date=March 9, 2017}}</ref> |
In September 2016, Airbnb raised $555.5 million in funding from [[Google Capital]] and [[Technology Crossover Ventures]], valuing the company at $30 billion.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/airbnb-raises-850-million-at-30-billion-valuation-1474569670 | title=Airbnb's Funding Round Led by Google Capital | last1=Farrell | first1=Maureen | last2=Bensinger | first2=Greg | work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] | issn=0099-9660 | date=September 22, 2016 | url-access=subscription}}</ref> In March 2017, Airbnb raised $1 billion in funding, bringing total funding raised to more than $3 billion and valuing the company at $31 billion.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.cnbc.com/2017/03/09/airbnb-closes-1-billion-round-31-billion-valuation-profitable.html | title=Airbnb just closed a $1 billion round and became profitable in 2016 | last=Thomas | first=Lauren | work=[[CNBC]] | date=March 9, 2017}}</ref> |
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In November 2016, Airbnb launched "experiences", whereby users can use the platform to book activities.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://techcrunch.com/2016/11/17/airbnb-is-turning-itself-into-an-experience-machine-beyond-just-booking-places-to-stay/ |title=Airbnb is turning itself into an 'experience' machine beyond just booking places to stay |first=Matthew |last=Lynley |work=[[TechCrunch]] |date=November 17, 2016 }}</ref> |
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In January 2017, along with serial entrepreneurs [[Gary Vaynerchuk]], Ben Leventhal and Mike Montero, Airbnb led a $13 million investment in [[Resy]], a restaurant reservation-booking app.<ref>{{cite news | first=Avery | last=Hartmans | url=https://www.businessinsider.com/resy-airbnb-investment-2017-1 | title=Reservation-booking app Resy just got a massive investment from Airbnb, one of the most valuable startups in the world | work=[[Business Insider]] | date=January 9, 2017}}</ref> |
In January 2017, along with serial entrepreneurs [[Gary Vaynerchuk]], Ben Leventhal and Mike Montero, Airbnb led a $13 million investment in [[Resy]], a restaurant reservation-booking app.<ref>{{cite news | first=Avery | last=Hartmans | url=https://www.businessinsider.com/resy-airbnb-investment-2017-1 | title=Reservation-booking app Resy just got a massive investment from Airbnb, one of the most valuable startups in the world | work=[[Business Insider]] | date=January 9, 2017}}</ref> |
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In March 2022, Airbnb suspended business in [[Russia]] and [[Belarus]] due to the sanctions resulting from the [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine]].<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2022/mar/04/airbnb-suspends-all-operations-in-russia-and-belarus | title=Airbnb suspends all operations in Russia and Belarus | first=Mark | last=Sweney | work=[[The Guardian]] | date=March 4, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.cnbc.com/2022/03/04/airbnb-is-suspending-all-operations-in-russia-and-belarus-.html | title=Airbnb is suspending all operations in Russia and Belarus | first=Sam | last=Shead | work=[[CNBC]] | date=March 4, 2022}}</ref> |
In March 2022, Airbnb suspended business in [[Russia]] and [[Belarus]] due to the sanctions resulting from the [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine]].<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2022/mar/04/airbnb-suspends-all-operations-in-russia-and-belarus | title=Airbnb suspends all operations in Russia and Belarus | first=Mark | last=Sweney | work=[[The Guardian]] | date=March 4, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.cnbc.com/2022/03/04/airbnb-is-suspending-all-operations-in-russia-and-belarus-.html | title=Airbnb is suspending all operations in Russia and Belarus | first=Sam | last=Shead | work=[[CNBC]] | date=March 4, 2022}}</ref> |
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In May 2022, Airbnb ceased operations in China.<ref>{{Cite news | last=Bosa | first=Deirdre | title=Airbnb is closing its domestic business in China, sources say | url=https://www.cnbc.com/2022/05/23/airbnb-is-closing-its-domestic-business-in-china-sources-say.html | website=[[CNBC]] | date=May 23, 2022}}</ref> The decision was made primarily because of strict [[COVID-19]] restrictions in China as well as complicated and expensive laws and regulations that required Airbnb to send detailed information on guests to the [[Government of China]], which can be used to track people.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-61560385 | title=Airbnb to quit China as lockdowns restrict tourism | work=[[BBC News]] | date=May 23, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | last1=Ye | first1=Josh | last2=Goh |first2=Brenda | title=Airbnb to shut domestic business in China from July 30 | work=Reuters | url=https://www.reuters.com/markets/asia/airbnb-says-will-shut-domestic-business-china-july-30-2022-05-24/ |date=May 24, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | last=Davidson | first=Helen | title=Airbnb to close in China amid repeated Covid lockdowns | work=[[The Guardian]] | url=https://amp.theguardian.com/technology/2022/may/24/airbnb-to-close-in-china-amid-repeated-covid-lockdowns | date=May 24, 2022}}</ref> Airbnb was accused of being too willing to provide this information, which led to the resignation of an Airbnb executive, who was also a former deputy director of the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]], in 2019 after 6 months of working.<ref>{{Cite news | title=Airbnb Executive Resigned Last Year Over Chinese Request for More Data Sharing | url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/airbnb-executive-resigned-last-year-over-chinese-request-for-more-data-sharing-11605896753 | last1=Volz | first1=Dustin | last2=Grind | first2=Kirsten | work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] | date=November 20, 2020 | issn=0099-9660}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | last=Campbell | first=Ian Carlos | title=Airbnb's Chinese data policies reportedly cost it an executive | url=https://www.theverge.com/2020/11/20/21585500/airbnb-trust-officer-resignation-privacy-concerns-china-data-sharing | work=[[The Verge]] | date=November 20, 2020}}</ref> Airbnb had also been accused of allowing listings on land owned by the [[Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps]], a Chinese state-owned paramilitary entity sanctioned under the [[Magnitsky Act]] for involvement in the [[Uyghur genocide]].<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.axios.com/airbnb-xinjiang-listings-sanctions-china-766dae2f-91e0-4a3e-9656-544ef8f35db0.html | last1=Allen-Ebrahimian | first1=Bethany | last2=Schrag | first2=Jacque | title=Airbnb hosts Xinjiang rentals on land owned by sanctioned group | work=[[Axios (website)|Axios]] |date=November 30, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.reuters.com/business/us-lawmakers-raise-concerns-about-airbnb-business-xinjiang-2022-01-07/ | title=U.S. lawmakers raise concerns about Airbnb business in Xinjiang | first=David | last=Shepardson | work=[[Reuters]] | date=January 7, 2022}}</ref> In 2019, certain hosts in China were accused of discrimination by refusing to rent to [[Uyghurs]].<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.wired.co.uk/article/airbnb-china-uyghur-muslim | title=Airbnb listings in China are littered with racist discrimination | last=Rollet | first=Charles | work=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] | date=May 3, 2019 | issn=1357-0978}}</ref> |
In May 2022, Airbnb ceased operations in China.<ref>{{Cite news | last=Bosa | first=Deirdre | title=Airbnb is closing its domestic business in China, sources say | url=https://www.cnbc.com/2022/05/23/airbnb-is-closing-its-domestic-business-in-china-sources-say.html | website=[[CNBC]] | date=May 23, 2022}}</ref> The decision was made primarily because of strict [[COVID-19]] restrictions in China as well as complicated and expensive laws and regulations that required Airbnb to send detailed information on guests to the [[Government of China]], which can be used to track people.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-61560385 | title=Airbnb to quit China as lockdowns restrict tourism | work=[[BBC News]] | date=May 23, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | last1=Ye | first1=Josh | last2=Goh |first2=Brenda | title=Airbnb to shut domestic business in China from July 30 | work=[[Reuters]] | url=https://www.reuters.com/markets/asia/airbnb-says-will-shut-domestic-business-china-july-30-2022-05-24/ |date=May 24, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | last=Davidson | first=Helen | title=Airbnb to close in China amid repeated Covid lockdowns | work=[[The Guardian]] | url=https://amp.theguardian.com/technology/2022/may/24/airbnb-to-close-in-china-amid-repeated-covid-lockdowns | date=May 24, 2022}}</ref> Airbnb was accused of being too willing to provide this information, which led to the resignation of an Airbnb executive, who was also a former deputy director of the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]], in 2019 after 6 months of working.<ref>{{Cite news | title=Airbnb Executive Resigned Last Year Over Chinese Request for More Data Sharing | url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/airbnb-executive-resigned-last-year-over-chinese-request-for-more-data-sharing-11605896753 | last1=Volz | first1=Dustin | last2=Grind | first2=Kirsten | work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] | date=November 20, 2020 | issn=0099-9660}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | last=Campbell | first=Ian Carlos | title=Airbnb's Chinese data policies reportedly cost it an executive | url=https://www.theverge.com/2020/11/20/21585500/airbnb-trust-officer-resignation-privacy-concerns-china-data-sharing | work=[[The Verge]] | date=November 20, 2020}}</ref> Airbnb had also been accused of allowing listings on land owned by the [[Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps]], a Chinese state-owned paramilitary entity sanctioned under the [[Magnitsky Act]] for involvement in the [[Uyghur genocide]].<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.axios.com/airbnb-xinjiang-listings-sanctions-china-766dae2f-91e0-4a3e-9656-544ef8f35db0.html | last1=Allen-Ebrahimian | first1=Bethany | last2=Schrag | first2=Jacque | title=Airbnb hosts Xinjiang rentals on land owned by sanctioned group | work=[[Axios (website)|Axios]] |date=November 30, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.reuters.com/business/us-lawmakers-raise-concerns-about-airbnb-business-xinjiang-2022-01-07/ | title=U.S. lawmakers raise concerns about Airbnb business in Xinjiang | first=David | last=Shepardson | work=[[Reuters]] | date=January 7, 2022}}</ref> In 2019, certain hosts in China were accused of discrimination by refusing to rent to [[Uyghurs]].<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.wired.co.uk/article/airbnb-china-uyghur-muslim | title=Airbnb listings in China are littered with racist discrimination | last=Rollet | first=Charles | work=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] | date=May 3, 2019 | issn=1357-0978}}</ref> |
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After temporarily banning parties in homes rented on the platform in August 2020 due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]],<ref>{{cite news | last=Griffith | first=Erin | title=Airbnb Fights Its 'Party House Problem' | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/27/business/airbnb-party-house-coronavirus.html | work=[[The New York Times]] | date=October 27, 2020 | url-access=limited}}</ref> in June 2022, Airbnb announced that it will permanently ban parties and events in homes on its platform, a position supported by hosts and their neighbors.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-61976350 | title=Airbnb permanently bans parties and events around the world | work=[[BBC News]] | date=June 29, 2022}}</ref> In August 2022, Airbnb rolled out technology to enforce this ban.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.fastcompany.com/90779268/exclusive-airbnb-introduces-new-anti-party-tech-in-the-u-s-and-canada | title=Exclusive: Airbnb rolls out new anti-party tech to prevent unapproved gatherings | work=[[Fast Company]] | date=August 16, 2022}}</ref> |
After temporarily banning parties in homes rented on the platform in August 2020 due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]],<ref>{{cite news | last=Griffith | first=Erin | title=Airbnb Fights Its 'Party House Problem' | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/27/business/airbnb-party-house-coronavirus.html | work=[[The New York Times]] | date=October 27, 2020 | url-access=limited}}</ref> in June 2022, Airbnb announced that it will permanently ban parties and events in homes on its platform, a position supported by hosts and their neighbors who complained of nuisances at Airbnb properties.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-61976350 | title=Airbnb permanently bans parties and events around the world | work=[[BBC News]] | date=June 29, 2022}}</ref> In August 2022, Airbnb rolled out technology to enforce this ban.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.fastcompany.com/90779268/exclusive-airbnb-introduces-new-anti-party-tech-in-the-u-s-and-canada | title=Exclusive: Airbnb rolls out new anti-party tech to prevent unapproved gatherings | work=[[Fast Company]] | date=August 16, 2022}}</ref> |
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===Acquisitions=== |
===Acquisitions=== |
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In December 2012, Airbnb announced the acquisition of Localmind, a location-based question and answer platform.<ref>{{cite news | title=Why did Airbnb just buy Localmind? Local expertise | url=https://venturebeat.com/2012/12/13/airbnb-acquires-localmind/ | work=[[VentureBeat]] | last=Van Grove | first=Jennifer | date=December 13, 2012}}</ref> |
In December 2012, Airbnb announced the acquisition of Localmind, a location-based question and answer platform.<ref>{{cite news | title=Why did Airbnb just buy Localmind? Local expertise | url=https://venturebeat.com/2012/12/13/airbnb-acquires-localmind/ | work=[[VentureBeat]] | last=Van Grove | first=Jennifer | date=December 13, 2012}}</ref> |
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In September 2015, Airbnb acquired Vamo, and shut down the company, acquiring its employees.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.geekwire.com/2015/airbnb-acquires-seattle-based-trip-planning-service-vamo-founded-by-former-facebook-exec/ | title=Airbnb acquires Seattle-based trip planning service Vamo, founded by former Facebook exec | last=Risley | first=James | work=[[GeekWire]] | date=September 11, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://techcrunch.com/2015/09/11/airbnb-acquires-multi-city-trip-planning-service-vamo-will-shut-down-product/ | title=Airbnb Acquires Multi-City Trip Planning Service Vamo, Will Shut Down Product | last=Lynley | first=Matthew | work=[[TechCrunch]] | date=September 11, 2015}}</ref> |
In September 2015, Airbnb acquired Vamo, and shut down the company, acquiring its employees.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.geekwire.com/2015/airbnb-acquires-seattle-based-trip-planning-service-vamo-founded-by-former-facebook-exec/ | title=Airbnb acquires Seattle-based trip planning service Vamo, founded by former Facebook exec | last=Risley | first=James | work=[[GeekWire]] | date=September 11, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://techcrunch.com/2015/09/11/airbnb-acquires-multi-city-trip-planning-service-vamo-will-shut-down-product/ | title=Airbnb Acquires Multi-City Trip Planning Service Vamo, Will Shut Down Product | last=Lynley | first=Matthew | work=[[TechCrunch]] | date=September 11, 2015}}</ref> It also acquired Lapka.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/airbnb-quietly-acquires-sensor-startup-lapka/ | title=Airbnb quietly acquires connected sensor startup Lapka | first=Rachel | last=King | work=[[ZDNet]] | date=September 29, 2015}}</ref> |
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In September 2016, Airbnb acquired travel activities marketplace Trip4real.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://techcrunch.com/2016/09/19/airbnb-acquires-travel-activities-marketplace-trip4real/ |title=Airbnb acquires travel activities marketplace, trip4real |first=Natasha |last=Lomas |work=[[TechCrunch]] |date=September 19, 2016}}</ref> |
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In February 2017, the company acquired Luxury Retreats International, a Canadian-based villa rental company, for approximately $300 million in cash and stock.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-02-16/airbnb-buys-vacation-home-management-company-luxury-retreats | title=Airbnb Acquires Luxury Retreats, Beating Out Expedia, Accor | first1=Olivia | last1=Zaleski | first2=Gerrit | last2=De Vynck | work=[[Bloomberg News]] | date=February 16, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://fortune.com/2017/02/17/airbnb-acquires-luxury-retreats/ | title=Soon You'll Be Able to Rent Richard Branson's Island on Airbnb | first=POLINA | last=MARINOVA | work=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]] | date=February 17, 2017}}</ref> In February 2017, Airbnb acquired [[Tilt.com]], a social payment startup.<ref name=acquired/> |
In February 2017, the company acquired Luxury Retreats International, a Canadian-based villa rental company, for approximately $300 million in cash and stock.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-02-16/airbnb-buys-vacation-home-management-company-luxury-retreats | title=Airbnb Acquires Luxury Retreats, Beating Out Expedia, Accor | first1=Olivia | last1=Zaleski | first2=Gerrit | last2=De Vynck | work=[[Bloomberg News]] | date=February 16, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://fortune.com/2017/02/17/airbnb-acquires-luxury-retreats/ | title=Soon You'll Be Able to Rent Richard Branson's Island on Airbnb | first=POLINA | last=MARINOVA | work=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]] | date=February 17, 2017}}</ref> In February 2017, Airbnb acquired [[Tilt.com]], a social payment startup.<ref name=acquired/> |
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In November 2017, the company acquired [[Accomable]], a startup focused on travel [[accessibility]].<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2017/nov/27/airbnb-expands-into-stays-for-disabled-travellers-accomable-rental | title=Access all areas: Airbnb expands into stays for disabled travellers | work=[[The Guardian]] | first=Will | last=Coldwell | date=November 27, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-airbnb-acquisition/airbnb-acquires-accomable-to-offer-home-rentals-for-disabled-travelers-idUSKBN1DG2H5 | title=Airbnb acquires Accomable to offer home rentals for disabled travelers | last=Somerville | first=Heather | work=[[Reuters]] | date=November 16, 2017}}</ref> It also acquired AdBasis, an advertising technology platform built for [[A/B testing]] and [[Multivariate testing in marketing|multivariate ad testing]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://techcrunch.com/2017/11/16/airbnb-acquires-ad-tech-startup-adbasis/ |title=Airbnb acquires ad tech startup AdBasis | last=Lunden | first=Ingrid |work=[[TechCrunch]] |date=November 13, 2017}}</ref> |
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In January 2019, Airbnb acquired Gaest, based in [[Aarhus, Denmark]], which provides a platform for posting and booking venues for meetings and other events.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://techcrunch.com/2019/01/25/airbnb-acquires-denmarks-gaest-to-expand-in-bookings-for-meetings-and-offsites/ |title=Airbnb acquires Denmark's Gaest to expand in bookings for meetings and offsites | last=Lunden | first=Ingrid |work=[[TechCrunch]] |date=January 25, 2019}}</ref> |
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In March 2019, the company acquired [[HotelTonight]], a website for booking last-minute hotel rooms, for over $400 million.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/07/technology/airbnb-hotel-tonight.html | title=Airbnb Acquires HotelTonight to Expand Travel Portfolio | first=Erin | last=Griffith | work=[[The New York Times]] | date=March 7, 2019 | url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-airbnb-m-a-hoteltonight/airbnb-buys-hoteltonight-in-deeper-expansion-into-hotel-booking-business-idUSKCN1QO2B4 | title=Airbnb buys HotelTonight in deeper expansion into hotel-booking business | first=Heather | last=Somerville | work=[[Reuters]] | date=March 7, 2019}}</ref> |
In March 2019, the company acquired [[HotelTonight]], a website for booking last-minute hotel rooms, for over $400 million.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/07/technology/airbnb-hotel-tonight.html | title=Airbnb Acquires HotelTonight to Expand Travel Portfolio | first=Erin | last=Griffith | work=[[The New York Times]] | date=March 7, 2019 | url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-airbnb-m-a-hoteltonight/airbnb-buys-hoteltonight-in-deeper-expansion-into-hotel-booking-business-idUSKCN1QO2B4 | title=Airbnb buys HotelTonight in deeper expansion into hotel-booking business | first=Heather | last=Somerville | work=[[Reuters]] | date=March 7, 2019}}</ref> |
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==Regulations by jurisdiction== |
==Regulations by jurisdiction== |
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Regulation of short-term rentals can include requirements for hosts to have business licenses, payment of [[hotel tax]]es and compliance with building, city and zoning standards. The [[hotel industry]] has lobbied for stricter regulations on short-term home rental.<ref name=combat>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/16/technology/inside-the-hotel-industrys-plan-to-combat-airbnb.html | title=Inside the Hotel Industry's Plan to Combat Airbnb | first=Katie | last=Benner | work=[[The New York Times]] | date=April 16, 2017 | url-access=limited}}</ref> |
Regulation of short-term rentals can include requirements for hosts to have business licenses, payment of [[hotel tax]]es and compliance with building, city and zoning standards. The [[hotel industry]] has lobbied for stricter regulations on short-term home rental.<ref name=combat>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/16/technology/inside-the-hotel-industrys-plan-to-combat-airbnb.html | title=Inside the Hotel Industry's Plan to Combat Airbnb | first=Katie | last=Benner | work=[[The New York Times]] | date=April 16, 2017 | url-access=limited}}</ref> In addition to government-imposed restrictions, many homeowners associations also limit short term rentals.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/where-we-live/wp/2016/09/07/how-your-neighbors-airbnb-rental-can-affect-your-property-values/ | title=How your neighbor's Airbnb rental can affect your property values | first1=Ilyse | last1=Glick | first2=Samuel J. | last2=Talkin | work=[[The Washington Post]] | date=September 7, 2016 | url-access=subscription}}</ref> |
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===Europe=== |
===Europe=== |
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* [[Venice]] - Hosts must collect and remit tourist taxes.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/venice-tourism-overcrowding-intl/index.html | title=The race to stop the death of Venice | first=Kara | last=Fox | work=[[CNN]] | date=June 15, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.thelocal.it/20220314/explained-what-are-italys-rules-and-taxes-for-airbnb-rentals/ | title=EXPLAINED: What are Italy’s rules and taxes for Airbnb rentals? | work=[[The Local]] | date=March 14, 2022}}</ref> |
* [[Venice]] - Hosts must collect and remit tourist taxes.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/venice-tourism-overcrowding-intl/index.html | title=The race to stop the death of Venice | first=Kara | last=Fox | work=[[CNN]] | date=June 15, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.thelocal.it/20220314/explained-what-are-italys-rules-and-taxes-for-airbnb-rentals/ | title=EXPLAINED: What are Italy’s rules and taxes for Airbnb rentals? | work=[[The Local]] | date=March 14, 2022}}</ref> |
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* [[Vienna]] - Short-term rentals are banned in many neighborhoods.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.thelocal.at/20220325/explained-what-are-austrias-rules-for-airbnb-rentals/ | title=EXPLAINED: What are Austria’s rules for Airbnb rentals? | work=[[The Local]] | date=March 25, 2022 | url-access=subscription}}</ref> |
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===United States=== |
===United States=== |
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* [[Los Angeles]] - Hosts must register with the city planning department and pay an $89 fee and cannot home-share for more than 120 days in a calendar year.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2019-10-01/airbnb-short-term-rental-housing-enforcement-delay | title=Airbnb wants L.A. to delay enforcing new restrictions on short-term rentals | work=[[Los Angeles Times]] | date=October 1, 2019 | url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | url=https://la.curbed.com/2019/7/1/20677554/los-angeles-new-airbnb-rules-2019 | title=Renting an Airbnb in Los Angeles? Here’s what to know before booking. | first1=Jenna | last1=Chandler | first2=Alissa | last2=Walker | work=[[Curbed]] | date=December 10, 2019}}</ref> |
* [[Los Angeles]] - Hosts must register with the city planning department and pay an $89 fee and cannot home-share for more than 120 days in a calendar year.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2019-10-01/airbnb-short-term-rental-housing-enforcement-delay | title=Airbnb wants L.A. to delay enforcing new restrictions on short-term rentals | work=[[Los Angeles Times]] | date=October 1, 2019 | url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | url=https://la.curbed.com/2019/7/1/20677554/los-angeles-new-airbnb-rules-2019 | title=Renting an Airbnb in Los Angeles? Here’s what to know before booking. | first1=Jenna | last1=Chandler | first2=Alissa | last2=Walker | work=[[Curbed]] | date=December 10, 2019}}</ref> |
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* [[Miami]] - Short-term rentals are banned in most neighborhoods, in part due to lobbying efforts of the hotel industry.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.miaminewtimes.com/news/emails-show-miami-mayor-tomas-regalado-coordinating-with-hotel-lobby-against-airbnb-9492340 | title=Emails Suggest Miami Mayor Coordinated With Hotel Lobby Against Airbnb | first=JERRY | last=IANNELLI | work=[[Miami New Times]] | date=July 13, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/09/travel/airbnb-miami-beach-war.html | title=Airbnb and Miami Beach Are at War. Travelers Are Caught in the Crossfire. | first=Tariro | last=Mzezewa | work=[[The New York Times]] | date=March 9, 2019 | url-access=limited}}</ref> |
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* [[New York City]] - Rentals under 30 days are prohibited unless the host is present on the property.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/09/nyregion/nyc-illegal-airbnb-regulation.html | title=New York City, Facing Housing Crisis, Targets Owners of Illegal Airbnbs | first=Mihir | last=Zaveri | work=[[The New York Times]] | date=December 9, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | last=Dobbins | first=James | title=How to Host on Airbnb Legally | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/07/realestate/how-to-host-on-airbnb-legally.html | work=[[The New York Times]] | date=July 7, 2017 | url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/23/nyregion/airbnb-nyc-law.html | title=Inside the Rise and Fall of a Multimillion-Dollar Airbnb Scheme | first=Luis | last=Ferré-Sadurní | work=[[The New York Times]] | date=February 23, 2019 | url-access=limited}}</ref> |
* [[New York City]] - Rentals under 30 days are prohibited unless the host is present on the property.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/09/nyregion/nyc-illegal-airbnb-regulation.html | title=New York City, Facing Housing Crisis, Targets Owners of Illegal Airbnbs | first=Mihir | last=Zaveri | work=[[The New York Times]] | date=December 9, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | last=Dobbins | first=James | title=How to Host on Airbnb Legally | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/07/realestate/how-to-host-on-airbnb-legally.html | work=[[The New York Times]] | date=July 7, 2017 | url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/23/nyregion/airbnb-nyc-law.html | title=Inside the Rise and Fall of a Multimillion-Dollar Airbnb Scheme | first=Luis | last=Ferré-Sadurní | work=[[The New York Times]] | date=February 23, 2019 | url-access=limited}}</ref> |
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* [[Portland, Oregon]] - The number of bedrooms in a single unit that may be listed is limited.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.portland.gov/bds/astr-permits |title=Accessory Short-Term Rental Permits | publisher=[[Portland, Oregon]]}}</ref> |
* [[Portland, Oregon]] - The number of bedrooms in a single unit that may be listed is limited.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.portland.gov/bds/astr-permits |title=Accessory Short-Term Rental Permits | publisher=[[Portland, Oregon]]}}</ref> |
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* [[San Diego]] - Units for short-term rental are limited to 1% of the housing stock and licenses are required.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.nbcsandiego.com/news/politics/san-diego-mayor-signs-short-term-rental-regulations-into-law/2576807/ | title=San Diego Mayor Signs Short-Term Rental Regulations Into Law | first1=Christina | last1=Bravo | first2=Priya | last2=Sridhar | work=[[KNSD]] | date=April 14, 2021}}</ref> |
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* [[San Francisco]] - Registration by hosts is required.<ref>{{cite news | last=Benner | first=Katie | title=Airbnb Settles Lawsuit With Its Hometown, San Francisco | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/01/technology/airbnb-san-francisco-settle-registration-lawsuit.html | work=[[The New York Times]] | date=May 2, 2017 | url-access=limited}}</ref> |
* [[San Francisco]] - Registration by hosts is required.<ref>{{cite news | last=Benner | first=Katie | title=Airbnb Settles Lawsuit With Its Hometown, San Francisco | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/01/technology/airbnb-san-francisco-settle-registration-lawsuit.html | work=[[The New York Times]] | date=May 2, 2017 | url-access=limited}}</ref> |
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* [[Toronto]] - Short-term rentals must be in a host's primary residence and hosts must obtain licenses.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://toronto.citynews.ca/2020/08/25/toronto-introduces-new-rules-for-airbnb-other-short-term-rental-platforms/ | title=Toronto introduces new rules for AirBnB, other short-term rental platforms | first=Spencer | last=Gallichan-Lowe | work=[[CityNews]] | date=August 25, 2020}}</ref> |
* [[Toronto]] - Short-term rentals must be in a host's primary residence and hosts must obtain licenses.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://toronto.citynews.ca/2020/08/25/toronto-introduces-new-rules-for-airbnb-other-short-term-rental-platforms/ | title=Toronto introduces new rules for AirBnB, other short-term rental platforms | first=Spencer | last=Gallichan-Lowe | work=[[CityNews]] | date=August 25, 2020}}</ref> |
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* [[Vancouver]] - Short-term rentals must be in a host's primary residence and hosts must obtain licenses.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/business/vancouver-bans-short-term-airbnb-rentals-in-laneway-homes-basement-suites-1.3677681 | title=Vancouver bans short-term Airbnb rentals in laneway homes, basement suites | first=Laura | last=Kane | date=November 14, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/15/world/canada/vancouver-housing-airbnb.html | title=Vancouver Limits Airbnb, in an Effort to Combat Its Housing Crisis | first=Ian | last=Austen | work=[[The New York Times]] | date=November 15, 2017 | url-access=limited}}</ref> |
* [[Vancouver]] - Short-term rentals must be in a host's primary residence and hosts must obtain licenses.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/business/vancouver-bans-short-term-airbnb-rentals-in-laneway-homes-basement-suites-1.3677681 | title=Vancouver bans short-term Airbnb rentals in laneway homes, basement suites | first=Laura | last=Kane | work=[[CTV News]] | date=November 14, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/15/world/canada/vancouver-housing-airbnb.html | title=Vancouver Limits Airbnb, in an Effort to Combat Its Housing Crisis | first=Ian | last=Austen | work=[[The New York Times]] | date=November 15, 2017 | url-access=limited}}</ref> |
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===Inclusion of listings in Israeli settlements=== |
===Inclusion of listings in Israeli settlements=== |
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In November 2018, Airbnb announced that it would remove the approximately 200 "listings in [[Israeli settlements]] in the occupied [[West Bank]] that are at the core of the dispute between Israelis and Palestinians". However, after affected property owners filed lawsuits against Airbnb in both Israel and the United States alleging discrimination based on place of residence, in April 2019, the company reversed its plans to remove listings in the West Bank and instead promised to donate any profits from these listings to non-profit organizations dedicated to [[humanitarian aid]].<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/09/world/middleeast/airbnb-israel-west-bank.html | title=Airbnb Reverses Policy Banning Listings in Israeli Settlements in West Bank | first=Julia | last=Jacobs | work=[[The New York Times]] | date=April 9, 2019 | url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | url=https://globalnews.ca/news/5148940/airbnb-west-bank-settlements/ | title=Airbnb reverses ban on West Bank rentals, pledges to send proceeds to aid organizations | first1=Dan | last1=Williams | first2=Brendan | last2=Pierson | agency=[[Reuters]] | work=[[Global News]] | date=April 9, 2019 |
In November 2018, Airbnb announced that it would remove the approximately 200 "listings in [[Israeli settlements]] in the occupied [[West Bank]] that are at the core of the dispute between Israelis and Palestinians". However, after affected property owners filed lawsuits against Airbnb in both Israel and the United States alleging discrimination based on place of residence, in April 2019, the company reversed its plans to remove listings in the West Bank and instead promised to donate any profits from these listings to non-profit organizations dedicated to [[humanitarian aid]].<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/09/world/middleeast/airbnb-israel-west-bank.html | title=Airbnb Reverses Policy Banning Listings in Israeli Settlements in West Bank | first=Julia | last=Jacobs | work=[[The New York Times]] | date=April 9, 2019 | url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | url=https://globalnews.ca/news/5148940/airbnb-west-bank-settlements/ | title=Airbnb reverses ban on West Bank rentals, pledges to send proceeds to aid organizations | first1=Dan | last1=Williams | first2=Brendan | last2=Pierson | agency=[[Reuters]] | work=[[Global News]] | date=April 9, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-5492235,00.html | title=Airbnb reverses on delisting Israeli settlements, won't profit off West Bank | agency=[[Reuters]] | work=[[Ynet]] | date=October 4, 2019}}</ref> |
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On February 12, 2020, Airbnb was included on a [[list of companies operating in West Bank settlements]] involved in activities that "raised particular human rights concerns" published by the [[United Nations Human Rights Council]]. The company was categorized under "the provision of services and utilities supporting the maintenance and existence of settlements".<ref>{{cite news | title=UN rights office issues report on business activities related to settlements in the Occupied Palestinian Territory | url=https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=25542 | work=[[Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights]] | date=February 12, 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title=Database of all business enterprises involved in certain activities relating to Israeli settlements in East Jerusalem and the West Bank (A/HRC/43/71) | url=https://reliefweb.int/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/database-all-business-enterprises-involved-certain-activities | work=[[ReliefWeb]] | date=February 14, 2020}}</ref> The [[International Community|international community]] considers Israeli settlements built on [[Israeli-occupied territories|land occupied by Israel]] to be [[International law and Israeli settlements|in violation of international law]].<ref>{{cite news | title=S/RES/2334(2016) | url=https://undocs.org/S/RES/2334(2016) | work=[[United Nations Security Council]] | date=December 23, 2016}}</ref><ref name=icj_settlements>{{cite news | title=Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory | url=https://www.icj-cij.org/public/files/case-related/131/131-20040709-ADV-01-00-EN.pdf | work=[[International Court of Justice]] | date=July 9, 2004}}</ref><ref name=icc_settlements>{{cite news | title=Conference of High Contracting Parties to the Fourth Geneva Convention | url=https://www.icrc.org/en/doc/resources/documents/statement/57jrgw.htm | work=[[International Committee of the Red Cross]] | date=December 5, 2001}}</ref> |
On February 12, 2020, Airbnb was included on a [[list of companies operating in West Bank settlements]] involved in activities that "raised particular human rights concerns" published by the [[United Nations Human Rights Council]]. The company was categorized under "the provision of services and utilities supporting the maintenance and existence of settlements".<ref>{{cite news | title=UN rights office issues report on business activities related to settlements in the Occupied Palestinian Territory | url=https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=25542 | work=[[Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights]] | date=February 12, 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title=Database of all business enterprises involved in certain activities relating to Israeli settlements in East Jerusalem and the West Bank (A/HRC/43/71) | url=https://reliefweb.int/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/database-all-business-enterprises-involved-certain-activities | work=[[ReliefWeb]] | date=February 14, 2020}}</ref> The [[International Community|international community]] considers Israeli settlements built on [[Israeli-occupied territories|land occupied by Israel]] to be [[International law and Israeli settlements|in violation of international law]].<ref>{{cite news | title=S/RES/2334(2016) | url=https://undocs.org/S/RES/2334(2016) | work=[[United Nations Security Council]] | date=December 23, 2016}}</ref><ref name=icj_settlements>{{cite news | title=Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory | url=https://www.icj-cij.org/public/files/case-related/131/131-20040709-ADV-01-00-EN.pdf | work=[[International Court of Justice]] | date=July 9, 2004}}</ref><ref name=icc_settlements>{{cite news | title=Conference of High Contracting Parties to the Fourth Geneva Convention | url=https://www.icrc.org/en/doc/resources/documents/statement/57jrgw.htm | work=[[International Committee of the Red Cross]] | date=December 5, 2001}}</ref> |
Revision as of 20:01, 24 September 2022
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![]() Airbnb's headquarters at 888 Brannan Street, in San Francisco, California | |
Company type | Public company |
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| |
Industry | Lodging |
Founded | August 2008San Francisco, California, U.S. | in
Founders | |
Headquarters | San Francisco, California, U.S. |
Area served | Worldwide |
Key people | |
Services | |
Revenue | ![]() |
![]() | |
Total assets | ![]() |
Total equity | ![]() |
Number of employees | 6,132 (Dec 2021) |
Subsidiaries | Luxury Retreats International Inc. Tilt.com Accomable Aibiying Trooly, Inc. Deco Software Inc. Trip4real Experiences, S.L. Lapka, Inc. Airbnb UK Limited HotelTonight |
Website | airbnb |
Footnotes / references [1][2][3] |
Part of a series on |
Homestays |
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Hospitality exchange services |
Hospitality for work |
Hospitality for money |
Home exchange and others |
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/AirbnbToronto5.jpg/220px-AirbnbToronto5.jpg)
Airbnb, Inc. (/ˌɛərˌbiːɛnˈbiː/ AIR-BEE-en-BEE), based in San Francisco, California, operates an online marketplace focused on short-term homestays and experiences. The company acts as a broker and charges a commission from each booking. The company was founded in 2008 by Brian Chesky, Nathan Blecharczyk, and Joe Gebbia. Airbnb is a shortened version of its original name, AirBedandBreakfast.com.
The company has been criticized for possibly enabling increases in home rents,[4] refusing to provide sensitive customer data to governments, allowing listings in West Bank settlements, and it has been criticized by the hotel industry for not being subject to fair regulations.[5]
History
After moving to San Francisco in October 2007, roommates and former schoolmates Brian Chesky and Joe Gebbia came up with the idea of putting an air mattress in their living room and turning it into a bed and breakfast.[6] In February 2008, Nathan Blecharczyk, Chesky's former roommate, joined as the Chief Technology Officer and the third co-founder of the new venture, which they named AirBed & Breakfast.[6][7] They put together a website that offered short-term living quarters and breakfast for those who were unable to book a hotel in the saturated market.[6] The site Airbedandbreakfast.com officially launched on August 11, 2008.[8][9] The founders had their first customers in the summer of 2008, during the Industrial Design Conference held by Industrial Designers Society of America, where travelers had a hard time finding lodging in the city.[10]
After the founders raised $30,000 by selling cereal named after the two candidates of the 2008 United States presidential election, Barack Obama and John McCain, mostly at the 2008 Democratic National Convention,[11][12][13][14] computer programmer Paul Graham invited the founders to the January 2009 winter training session of his startup incubator, Y Combinator, which provided them with training and $20,000 in funding in exchange for a 6% interest in the company.[6][14][15][16][17] With the website already built, they used the Y Combinator investment to fly to New York to meet users and promote the site.[13] They returned to San Francisco with a profitable business model to present to West Coast investors. By March 2009, the site had 10,000 users and 2,500 listings.[15]
In March 2009, the name of the company was shortened to Airbnb.com to eliminate confusion over air mattresses; by then listings included entire rooms and properties.[6]
In April 2009, the company received $600,000 in seed money from Sequoia Capital, with Youniversity Ventures partners Jawed Karim, Keith Rabois, and Kevin Hartz participating.[18] In November 2010, it raised $7.2 million in financing from Greylock Partners and Sequoia Capital in a Series A round, and announced that out of 700,000 nights booked, 80% had occurred in the previous six months.[19]
At the March 2011 South by Southwest conference, Airbnb won the "app" award.[20]
In July 2011, it raised $112 million in financing led by Andreessen Horowitz. Other early investors included Digital Sky Technologies, General Catalyst Partners, and A Grade Investments partners Ashton Kutcher and Guy Oseary.[21][16]
In October 2011, Airbnb established an office in London, its first international office.[22]
Due to the growth of international end-users, in early 2012, Airbnb opened offices in Paris, Milan, Barcelona, Copenhagen, Moscow, and São Paulo.[23] These openings were in addition to existing offices in San Francisco, London, Hamburg, and Berlin.[24] In September 2013, the company announced that it would establish its European headquarters in Dublin.[25][26]
In November 2012, Airbnb opened an office in Sydney, its 11th office location, and announced plans to launch the service in Thailand and Indonesia.[27]
In November 2012, Airbnb launched "Neighborhoods", a travel guide of 23 cities that helps travelers choose a neighborhood in which to stay based on certain criteria and personal preferences.[28]
In December 2012, Airbnb opened an office in Singapore.[29]
By October 2013, Airbnb had served 9,000,000 guests since its founding in August 2008.[30] Nearly 250,000 listings were added in 2013.[31]
In April 2014, the company received a $450 million investment from TPG Capital, with the company value estimated to be approximately $10 billion.[32] Additional funding was provided by Andreessen Horowitz, Sequoia Capital, Dragoneer Investment Group, T. Rowe Price, and Sherpa Capital.[33]
In July 2014, Airbnb revealed design revisions to the site and mobile app and introduced a new logo. The logo, called the Bélo, is intended to serve as a symbol of "belonging", and consists of four elements: a head which represents people, a location icon that represents place, a heart to symbolize love, and a letter "A" to stand for the company's name.[34][35] It also announced a partnership with Concur, an expense reporting service for businesses, to make it easier for business travelers to report Airbnb stays as business expenses.[36]
In April 2015, following the easing of restrictions on U.S. businesses to operate in Cuba, Airbnb expanded to Cuba, making it one of the first U.S. companies to do so.[37][38]
In June 2015, Airbnb raised $1.5 billion in Series E funding led by General Atlantic, and joined by Hillhouse Capital Group, Tiger Management, Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers, GGV Capital, China Broadband Capital, and Horizons Ventures.[39][40]
In July 2016, former Attorney General Eric Holder was hired to help craft an anti-discrimination policy for Airbnb after reports showed that hosts were refusing to accept lodging requests from guests whose names suggested that they were black.[41] As part of the reform, photos of prospective guests are hidden from hosts until requests for lodging are accepted.[42]
In September 2016, Airbnb raised $555.5 million in funding from Google Capital and Technology Crossover Ventures, valuing the company at $30 billion.[43] In March 2017, Airbnb raised $1 billion in funding, bringing total funding raised to more than $3 billion and valuing the company at $31 billion.[44]
In November 2016, Airbnb launched "experiences", whereby users can use the platform to book activities.[45]
In January 2017, along with serial entrepreneurs Gary Vaynerchuk, Ben Leventhal and Mike Montero, Airbnb led a $13 million investment in Resy, a restaurant reservation-booking app.[46]
In May 2017, the company launched Airbnbmag, a magazine co-published with Hearst Communications.[47]
Airbnb first became profitable during the second half of 2016. Airbnb's revenue grew more than 80% from 2015 to 2016.[48][49] After a $200 million profit in 2018, Airbnb posted a loss of $322 million in 2019.[50]
In February 2018, the company announced Airbnb Plus, a collection of homes that have been vetted for quality of services, comfort and design,[51] as well as Beyond by Airbnb, which offers luxury vacation rentals.[52] By October 2019, two million people were staying with Airbnb each night.[53]
In April 2019, Airbnb produced and financed Gay Chorus Deep South, a documentary launched by its Rausch Street Films division. The rights were sold to MTV, which aired the program on its network.[54][55][56]
During the COVID-19 pandemic, bookings dropped as much as 96% in some cities.[57] However, bookings rose in many rural areas.[58]
On March 30, 2020, the company pledged $250 million in payouts to host to compensate them for guest cancellations due to the pandemic.[59][60]
In April 2020, due in part to the decline in business from the pandemic, Airbnb raised $1 billion in equity from private equity firms Silver Lake and Sixth Street Partners at an $18 billion valuation[61] and $1 billion in debt at interest rates of 9%-11.5%.[62]
On May 5, 2020, Brian Chesky sent a memo to all employees announcing the layoff of approximately 1,900 employees, or about 25% of its workforce in the Americas, Europe, and Asia due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[63][64]
On December 10, 2020, the company became a public company via an initial public offering, raising $3.5 billion.[65] Shares valued at $238 million were offered to hosts on the platform at the price of $68 per share.[66]
In March 2022, Airbnb suspended business in Russia and Belarus due to the sanctions resulting from the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.[67][68]
In May 2022, Airbnb ceased operations in China.[69] The decision was made primarily because of strict COVID-19 restrictions in China as well as complicated and expensive laws and regulations that required Airbnb to send detailed information on guests to the Government of China, which can be used to track people.[70][71][72] Airbnb was accused of being too willing to provide this information, which led to the resignation of an Airbnb executive, who was also a former deputy director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, in 2019 after 6 months of working.[73][74] Airbnb had also been accused of allowing listings on land owned by the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, a Chinese state-owned paramilitary entity sanctioned under the Magnitsky Act for involvement in the Uyghur genocide.[75][76] In 2019, certain hosts in China were accused of discrimination by refusing to rent to Uyghurs.[77]
After temporarily banning parties in homes rented on the platform in August 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic,[78] in June 2022, Airbnb announced that it will permanently ban parties and events in homes on its platform, a position supported by hosts and their neighbors who complained of nuisances at Airbnb properties.[79] In August 2022, Airbnb rolled out technology to enforce this ban.[80]
Acquisitions
On May 31, 2011, Airbnb acquired Accoleo, a German competitor.[81] This launched the first international Airbnb office, in Hamburg.[82][83]
Before the 2012 Summer Olympics, Airbnb acquired London-based rival CrashPadder,[84] subsequently adding 6,000 international listings to its existing inventory. This acquisition made Airbnb the largest lodging website in the United Kingdom.[85][86]
In November 2012, Airbnb acquired NabeWise, an online city guide that aggregates curated information for specified locations.[87] The acquisition shifted the company's focus toward offering hyperlocal recommendations to travelers.[88]
In December 2012, Airbnb announced the acquisition of Localmind, a location-based question and answer platform.[89]
In September 2015, Airbnb acquired Vamo, and shut down the company, acquiring its employees.[90][91] It also acquired Lapka.[92]
In September 2016, Airbnb acquired travel activities marketplace Trip4real.[93]
In February 2017, the company acquired Luxury Retreats International, a Canadian-based villa rental company, for approximately $300 million in cash and stock.[94][95] In February 2017, Airbnb acquired Tilt.com, a social payment startup.[81]
In November 2017, the company acquired Accomable, a startup focused on travel accessibility.[96][97] It also acquired AdBasis, an advertising technology platform built for A/B testing and multivariate ad testing.[98]
In January 2019, Airbnb acquired Gaest, based in Aarhus, Denmark, which provides a platform for posting and booking venues for meetings and other events.[99]
In March 2019, the company acquired HotelTonight, a website for booking last-minute hotel rooms, for over $400 million.[100][101]
In August 2019, Airbnb acquired Urbandoor, a global online marketplace that offers extended stays to corporate clients.[102][103][81]
Regulations by jurisdiction
Regulation of short-term rentals can include requirements for hosts to have business licenses, payment of hotel taxes and compliance with building, city and zoning standards. The hotel industry has lobbied for stricter regulations on short-term home rental.[104] In addition to government-imposed restrictions, many homeowners associations also limit short term rentals.[105]
Europe
- Amsterdam - Hosts can rent their properties for up to 30 nights per year to a group of no more than four at a time.[106] Short-term rentals are banned in certain parts of the city.[107]
- Barcelona - Vacation apartments are subject to the highest rate of property tax; platforms must share data with regulators.[108][109][110]
- Berlin - Short-term rentals require permission from authorities. Hosts can rent individual rooms with the condition that they live in most of the property.[111]
- Ireland - Short-term rentals are restricted to a maximum of 90 days per year for primary residences; registration is required with local authorities.[112][113]
- Palma de Mallorca - Home-sharing sites are banned to contain tourism.[117]
- Paris - Hosts can rent their homes for no more than 120 days a year[118] and must register their listing with the town hall.[119]
United States
- Arizona - Most regulations are not allowed since municipalities are prohibited from interfering in property rights.[124]
- Boston - The types of properties eligible for use as short-term rentals and the number of days per year a property may be rented are limited.[125][126][127][128]
- Jersey City, New Jersey - Hosts are only allowed to rent for 60 days per year.[130][131]
- Los Angeles - Hosts must register with the city planning department and pay an $89 fee and cannot home-share for more than 120 days in a calendar year.[132][133]
- Miami - Short-term rentals are banned in most neighborhoods, in part due to lobbying efforts of the hotel industry.[134][135]
- New York City - Rentals under 30 days are prohibited unless the host is present on the property.[136][137][138]
- Portland, Oregon - The number of bedrooms in a single unit that may be listed is limited.[139]
- San Diego - Units for short-term rental are limited to 1% of the housing stock and licenses are required.[140]
- San Francisco - Registration by hosts is required.[141]
- Santa Monica, California - Hosts are required to register with the city and obtain a license and are also prohibited from listing multiple properties.[142]
- Washington, D.C. - Hosts must obtain a short-term rental license, and, if the host is not present, those rentals are limited to a combined 90 days each year.[144]
- West New York, New Jersey - Short-term rentals are banned.[145]
Canada
- Toronto - Short-term rentals must be in a host's primary residence and hosts must obtain licenses.[146]
- Vancouver - Short-term rentals must be in a host's primary residence and hosts must obtain licenses.[147][148]
Asia
- Japan - Hosts are required to register their listing with the government; a home can be rented for a maximum of 180 days per year.[149]
Controversies and criticism
Effects on housing affordability
Several studies have found that long-term rental prices in many areas have increased because landlords have kept properties off the longer-term rental market to instead get higher rental rates for short-term housing via Airbnb.[152] Landlords have also been accused of illegally evicting tenants to convert properties into higher-rent Airbnb listings.[153] A study published in July 2017 found that a 10% increase in Airbnb listings in a given neighborhood corresponds to a 0.42% increase in rents and a 0.76% increase in house prices.[154] A study in 2018 found that in the Lower East Side of Manhattan, full-time listings earned hosts an average of two to three times the median average rent.[155] A study in 2019 by the University of Massachusetts Boston Department of Economics found that with every increase of 12 Airbnb listings per census tract, asking rents increased by 0.4%.[156] Inside Airbnb, a watchdog journalism website, has accused the company of manipulating its data to portray a different result.[157]
Concerns on the effect of Airbnb on housing affordability has resulted in increased lodging regulations and restrictions, which have generally been opposed by Airbnb via lobbying efforts.[158]
Inclusion of listings in Israeli settlements
In November 2018, Airbnb announced that it would remove the approximately 200 "listings in Israeli settlements in the occupied West Bank that are at the core of the dispute between Israelis and Palestinians". However, after affected property owners filed lawsuits against Airbnb in both Israel and the United States alleging discrimination based on place of residence, in April 2019, the company reversed its plans to remove listings in the West Bank and instead promised to donate any profits from these listings to non-profit organizations dedicated to humanitarian aid.[159][160][161]
On February 12, 2020, Airbnb was included on a list of companies operating in West Bank settlements involved in activities that "raised particular human rights concerns" published by the United Nations Human Rights Council. The company was categorized under "the provision of services and utilities supporting the maintenance and existence of settlements".[162][163] The international community considers Israeli settlements built on land occupied by Israel to be in violation of international law.[164][165][166]
Objectivity of guest reviews
Airbnb features a review system in which guests and hosts can rate and review each other after a stay. Hosts and guests are unable to see reviews until both have submitted a review or until the time period to review has closed, a system that aims to improve accuracy and objectivity by removing fears that users will receive a negative review in retaliation if they write one. However, the truthfulness and impartiality of reviews may be adversely affected by concerns of future stays because prospective hosts may refuse to host a user who generally leaves negative reviews. The company's policy requires users to forego anonymity, which may also detract from users' willingness to leave negative reviews. These factors may damage the objectivity of the review system.[167][168][169]
Response to activities of far-right extremists
In August 2017, Airbnb cancelled numerous bookings and closed accounts belonging to attendees of the white nationalist Unite the Right rally in Charlottesville, Virginia, citing its terms of service in which members must "accept people regardless of their race, religion, national origin, ethnicity, disability, sex, gender identity, sexual orientation, or age."[170] The move was criticized by Jason Kessler, organizer of the rally.[171]
In January 2021, Airbnb was criticized for allowing participants in the January 6 United States Capitol attack to book units on the platform in the Washington metropolitan area, despite most hotels in the vicinity of Capitol Hill banning far-right extremists.[172] After the possibility of further violence during the Inauguration of Joe Biden, Airbnb announced the day after the Capitol raid that it was banning all bookings in the region prior to the inauguration.[173]
Sponsorship of 2022 Winter Olympics
Airbnb was one of the 15 leading sponsors of the 2022 Winter Olympics, held in Beijing, and was asked by human rights activists and groups to drop its sponsorship in March 2021 as part of diplomatic and activist boycotts over alleged human rights violations by the Chinese Communist Party, in particular the Uyghur genocide. These requests were ignored by the company.[174][175][176][177]
Length of terms of service agreements
In 2014, linguist Mark Liberman criticized the extreme length of the legal agreements that Airbnb members are required to accept, with the site's terms of service, privacy policy, and other policies amounting to "55081 words, or about the size of a short novel, though much less readable".[178]
Illegal behavior by hosts
Circumvention of European tax regulations by hosts
In October 2020, Luca Poma, an Italian journalist and former advisor to the Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs, alleged in an article that a rental listed on Airbnb was actually operated by a company and not a private individual, circumventing European tax regulations.[179]
Reports of mold, rodents, rapes, and murder at listings
In 2017, analyzing negative guest reviews, a travel blogger found that there are ways for hosts to use fake information to circumvent Airbnb's background checks and that some guests reported being subject to last-minute cancellations, moldy or rodent-infested lodging, theft, invasion of privacy, and even rape and murder. Airbnb responded that the 1,021 incidents reported are statistically insignificant compared to 260 million check-ins at the time and that the company tries to remedy any problems.[180][181][182][183]
Bait-and-switch scams by hosts
A journalist for Vice News reported in October 2019 on a bait-and-switch scam in which a network of fake accounts advertised stays at dozens of properties across eight US cities that once booked was said to be unavailable at the last minute. Substandard alternatives were offered in their place, including to the journalist, refunds were refused, fake positive reviews were left for the fake properties, and negative retaliatory reviews were left for customers who complained. Airbnb closed some of the accounts and the FBI began an investigation in response to the report.[184] A journalist for Wired reported a similar scam in London in February 2020. Airbnb closed the accounts, but Wandsworth Borough Council planning office took no action.[185]
Legal disputes
Failure to provide required information to governments
Many governments have passed laws requiring that Airbnb provide guest information so that local regulations can be enforced and hotel taxes are collected. Airbnb contested one such law in New York.[186][187] However, in May 2019, Airbnb agreed to turn over some anonymized information for approximately 17,000 listings so that the city could pursue illegal rentals.[188] Similar cases were settled in Boston and Miami.[189]
Airbnb refused to provide required information to the Belgian government, claiming the obligation to provide the information was not compatible with European Union law. The Belgian Constitutional Court referred the dispute to the European Court of Justice, which in April 2022 ruled that the requirement to transmit to tax authorities certain particulars of tourist transactions was not contrary to European Union law and referred the case back to the Belgian Constitutional Court.[190]
Legality of service fees in the Netherlands
In March 2020, a subdistrict court ruling in the Netherlands found that Airbnb charging service fees to both the host and the guest was illegal and that the 30,000 people who had rented as guests have a right for reimbursement if they file claims. Airbnb filed countersuits in an attempt to gain clarity on the ruling.[191]
Philanthropy
In November 2012, Airbnb partnered with New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg to offer free housing for people displaced by Hurricane Sandy.[192] Airbnb built a microsite, where victims registered for housing and property owners offered free housing. Service fees were waived, while the host guarantee was maintained.[193][194]
In January 2017, the company offered free housing to refugees and any others not allowed into the United States as a result of President Donald Trump's Executive Order 13769, which temporarily banned refugees from the United States.[195][196] In June 2017, Airbnb launched Open Homes, to connect hosts offering free or low-cost housing to uprooted people, such as refugees and those fleeing natural disasters.[197]
After the 2021 Taliban offensive, Airbnb offered free accommodation to 20,000 Afghan refugees.[198]
After the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Airbnb waived guest and host fees which led users to complete bookings they did not intend to use as a means of providing direct assistance.[199] It also provided free short-term housing for up to 100,000 Ukrainian refugees.[200][201][202]
References
- ^ "Company Overview of Airbnb, Inc". Bloomberg L.P. Archived from the original on January 8, 2018.
- ^ "Nathan Blecharczyk". Forbes.
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External links
Media related to Airbnb at Wikimedia Commons
- Official website
- Business data for Airbnb, Inc.:
- Airbnb companies grouped at OpenCorporates