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Hardev Bahri wrote two books in which he discusses being an Awan Undid revision 1221707229 by Metamentalist (talk) Tag: Undo |
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{{short description|Punjabi community and surname}} |
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{{Infobox tribe |
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'''Awan''' ({{lang-pa|[[Shahmukhi]]:اعوان, [[Gurmukhi]]:ਅਵਾਨ}}) ({{lang-ur|{{Nastaliq|اعوان}}}}) is a tribe living predominantly in northern, central, and western parts of [[Punjab (Pakistan)|Pakistani Punjab]], [[Khushab District]], [[Soon Valley]], [[Chakwal District]], [[Mianwali District]], [[Attock District]], [[Talagang Tehsil]], [[Choa Saidanshah]], [[Attock District|Lawa]] with significant numbers also present in [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|Khyber]], [[Azad Kashmir]], and to a lesser extent in [[Sindh]] and [[Balochistan, Pakistan|Balochistan]]. |
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| name = Awan |
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| local name = {{Nastaliq|اعوان }} |
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| ethnicity = [[Punjabi people|Punjabi]] (incl. [[Hindkowans]]) |
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| nisba = |
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| location = [[Punjab]], [[Sindh]] and [[Azad Kashmir]] |
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| varna = |
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| population = |
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| language =[[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], [[Hindko]] |
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| religion = [[Islam]] |
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}} |
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'''Awan''' ([[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] and {{lang-ur|{{Nastaliq|اعوان}}}}) is a [[Punjabi Muslim]] tribe and surname<ref>{{Citation |last=Hanks |first=Patrick |title=Awan |date=2022-11-30 |work=Dictionary of American Family Names |editor-last= |editor-first= |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780190245115.001.0001/acref-9780190245115-e-3095 |access-date= |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en |doi=10.1093/acref/9780190245115.001.0001 |isbn=978-0-19-024511-5 |last2=Lenarčič |first2=Simon |last3=McClure |first3=Peter |editor2-last= |editor2-first= |editor3-last= |editor3-first=}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Tan |first=Tai Yong |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d5ZiMV7rqWUC |title=The Garrison State: The Military, Government and Society in Colonial Punjab 1849–1947 |publisher=Sage |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-7619-3336-6 |pages=61–62}}</ref> originating from the [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]] region of [[Pakistan]]. Awans are predominantly present in the northern, central, and western parts of Punjab, with significant population also present in [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]], [[Azad Kashmir]], and to a lesser extent, in [[Sindh]] and [[Balochistan, Pakistan|Balochistan]]. |
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==History== |
==History== |
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[[Jamal J. Elias]] notes that the Awans believe themselves to be of [[Arabs|Arab]] origin, descended from [[Ali ibn Abu Talib]] and that the claim of Arab descent gives them "high status in the Indian Muslim environment".<ref>{{cite book|title=Death Before Dying: The Sufi Poems of Sultan Bahu|last=J. Elias|first=Jamal|author-link=Jamal J. Elias|publisher=University of California Press|date=1998|page=12|isbn=978-0-52021-242-8}}</ref> However, they are also described as having [[Jat Muslim|Jat]] origins.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Khan |first=Sabir Badal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8N1JCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA40 |title=Two Essays on Baloch History and Folklore: Two Essays on Baloch History and Folklore |date=2013 |publisher=Università di Napoli, "l'Orientale" |language=en|page=40}}</ref> |
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People of the Awan community have a strong presence in the [[Pakistani Army]]<ref>Jones, P.E., 2003, ''The Pakistan People's Party: Rise To Power'', Oxford University Press, p.61.</ref> and have two [[Nishan-e-Haider]]s and a notable martial tradition.<ref>, Ali, I., 2003, ''Punjab under Imperialism, 1885–1947'', Oxford University Press, p.114.</ref> |
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[[Christophe Jaffrelot]] says: {{ |
[[Christophe Jaffrelot]] says: {{blockquote|The Awan deserve close attention, because of their historical importance and, above all, because they settled in the west, right up to the edge of [[Baloch people|Baluchi]] and [[Pashtuns|Pashtun]] territory. Legend has it that their origins go back to Imam Ali and his second wife, Hanafiya. Historians describe them as valiant warriors and farmers who imposed their supremacy on the [[Janjua]] in part of the [[Salt Range]] and established large colonies all along the [[Indus River|Indus]] to [[Sindh|Sind]], and a densely populated center not far from [[Lahore]].<ref>{{cite book |title=A History of Pakistan and Its Origins |first=Christophe |last=Jaffrelot |author-link=Christophe Jaffrelot |edition=Reprinted |publisher=Anthem Press |year=2004 |page=205 |isbn=978-1-84331-149-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q9sI_Y2CKAcC}}</ref>}} |
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People of the Awan community have a strong presence in the [[Pakistani Army]]<ref>{{cite book|title=The Pakistan People's Party: Rise to Power|last=Jones|first=Philip Edward|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2003|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xliNAAAAMAAJ|page=61|quote=This [Awan] tribe is perhaps the most heavily recruited tribe in the [Pakistan] Army.|isbn=0195799666}}</ref> and a notable martial tradition.<ref>{{cite book |last=Ali |first=Imran |year=1998 |title=Punjab under Imperialism, 1885–1947 |publisher=Princeton University Press|page=114 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MgUABAAAQBAJ&pg=PA114|isbn=1400859581}}</ref> They were listed as an "agricultural tribe" by the British Raj in 1925, a term that was then synonymous with classification as a "[[martial race]]".<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O4Wop9vwS9sC |title=The Indian Army and the Making of Punjab |first=Rajit K. |last=Mazumder |page=105 |publisher=Orient Longman |year=2003|isbn=9788178240596 }}</ref> |
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On a rural level, Awans historically were of the [[zamindar]] or landowning class,<ref>Ahmed, S., 1977, ''Class and Power in a Punjabi Village'', Monthly Review Press, p.p. 131-132.</ref> and many Awan families, to this day, live on and cultivate land which their ancestors have held for centuries. The tract of land running from [[Attock]] towards the Southern [[Salt Range]] has at various points in history been called the Awan-Kari, or the 'Abode of the Awans'. Awan tribesmen often carry titles typical to punjabi who own tracts of ancestral land<ref>Ahsan, A., 1996, ''The Indus Saga and the Making of Pakistan'', Oxford University Press, p.88.</ref> which may include the honorific [[Malik]] or [[Khan (title)|Khan]]. [[Nawab Malik Amir Mohammad Khan|State Kalabagh]] is being ruled by Nawabs of Awan Tribe which once spread from modern day [[Dera Ismail Khan]], Bannu, Mianwali, [[Khushab District]] to [[Chakwal District]] |
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==Notable people== |
==Notable people== |
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[[File:Nawab of Kalabagh Malik Amir Mohammad khan.jpeg|thumb|150px|[[Nawab Malik Amir Mohammad Khan]], former [[Nawab]] of Kalabagh, Chief of the Awan tribe, [[Governor]] of [[West Pakistan]] from 1960 to 1966]] |
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===Armed forces=== |
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<!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---> |
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[[File: Major Akram.jpg|thumb|150px|Major [[Muhammad Akram|Malik Muhammad Akram]] [[Nishan-e-Haider|NH]]]] |
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[[File: Noor khan.jpg|thumb|150px|Air Marshal [[Nur Khan]], Commander in Chief of the Pakistan Air Force, 1965–69, Governor of West Pakistan, 1969–70]] |
[[File: Noor khan.jpg|thumb|150px|Air Marshal [[Nur Khan]], Commander in Chief of the Pakistan Air Force, 1965–69, Governor of West Pakistan, 1969–70]] |
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* [[Major]] [[Muhammad Akram|Malik Muhammad Akram]] [[Nishan-e-Haider|NH]], was a military officer in the Pakistan Army who was awarded with the [[Nishan-e-Haider]] posthumously after the military confrontation in railway station in [[Battle of Hilli|Hilli]], [[East Pakistan]].<ref>https://www.shaheedfoundation.org/nishanehaider.asp</ref> |
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* [[Lance Naik]] [[Muhammad Mahfuz Awan]] [[Nishan-e-Haider|NH]], (born 25 October 1944) was a Pakistani soldier, who was awarded the [[Nishan-i-Haider]], the highest military award of Pakistan, he was killed during the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]].<ref>https://www.shaheedfoundation.org/nishanehaider.asp</ref> |
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⚫ | * [[Air Marshal |
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* [[General officer|General]] [[Iqbal Khan (general)|Mohammad Iqbal Khan]] [[Nishan-e-Imtiaz|NI(m)]] [[Sitara-i-Imtiaz|SI(m)]] [[Sitara-e-Basalat|SBt]], was a retired [[Four-star rank|four-star]] rank [[Pak Fauj|army general]] in the [[Pakistan Army]] who served as the [[Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee (Pakistan)|Chairman]] [[Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee]] from being appointed in 1980 until 1984.<ref name="The News International, 2013">{{cite news|last1=Top Story|first1=et.all.|title=CJCSC office in Pakistan and the world over|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/archive/print/633545-cjcsc-office-in-pakistan-and-the-world-over|accessdate=6 April 2018|work=The News International|date=8 October 2013|location=Islamabad|language=en}}</ref> |
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===Politics=== |
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* [[Nawab Malik Amir Mohammad Khan]] – late Chief of the Awan tribe – [[Governor]] of [[West Pakistan]] from 1960–66.<ref>Feldman, H., 1972, ''From Crisis to Crisis: Pakistan 1962–1969'', Oxford University Press, p.57.</ref> |
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*[[Ghulam Farooq Awan]] is a Pakistani lawyer and former adviser to the disgraced [[Prime Minister of Pakistan]] [[Yousaf Raza Gillani]]<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jun/19/pakistan-yousuf-raza-gilani</ref> for law, justice and parliamentary affairs. He previously also served as additional [[Attorney General of Pakistan]]. |
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[[File:darbarsharif.jpg|thumb|Shrine of [[Sultan Bahu]]]] |
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===Religion=== |
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<!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---> |
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* [[Qutb Shah]] Father of all Awans in the subcontinent |
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* [[Qazi Mian Muhammad Amjad]] – legal scholar of the [[Qur'an]], [[Hadith]], and the [[Hanafi school]] of [[Sharia|Islamic law]].<ref name=soonvalley>Sarwar, S., 2002, ''Wadi Soon Sakesar: The Soon Valley'', Al-Faisal Nashran, p.35, p.149, p.152, p.163, p.177.</ref> |
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===Sports=== |
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* [[Mir Sultan Khan]] was a [[Chess master]] also believed by some to be the greatest natural [[chess]] player of modern times.<ref>David Hooper and Kenneth Whyld, The Oxford Companion to Chess (2nd ed. 1992), Oxford University Press, p. 402. {{ISBN|0-19-866164-9}}.</ref> |
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* [[Nawab Malik Amir Mohammad Khan]] – Former [[Nawab]] of [[Kalabagh]], Chief of the Awan tribe and [[Governor]] of [[West Pakistan]] from 1960 to 1966.<ref>{{cite book|title=Pakistan Leadership Challenges|last=Khan|first=Jahan Dad|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2001|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MjZuAAAAMAAJ|page=72|isbn=0195795873}}</ref> |
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⚫ | * [[Nur Khan|Air Marshal Nur Khan]] – [[Commander-in-chief]] of the [[Pakistan Air Force]], 1965–69, Governor of West Pakistan, 1969–70, and recipient of the [[Hilal-i-Jurat]], the second-highest military award of [[Pakistan]].<ref>{{cite book|title=The American Papers: Secret and Confidential India-Pakistan-Bangladesh Documents, 1965-1973|last=Khan|first=Roedad|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1999|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sxpuAAAAMAAJ|page=265|isbn=0195791908}}</ref> |
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* [[Tajammul Hussain Malik]], War Hero of the [[Indo-Pakistani war of 1965|Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]], held an impenetrable defence in the [[Battle of Hilli]] against a multiple times larger force, famously refused to surrender and attempted coup against the [[Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq|Military Dictatorship]] of the 1980s |
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* [[Mir Sultan Khan]] – A [[chess master]] also believed by some to be the greatest natural [[chess]] player of modern times.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sultan|first1=Ather|last2=Sultan|first2=Atiyab|date=17 May 2020|title=CHESS:The Wrath of Khan|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1557393|work=Dawn|access-date=12 June 2020}}</ref> |
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* [[Ahmad Nadeem Qasmi]] – [[Urdu]] poet, journalist, [[literary critic]], dramatist, short story author, recipient of the [[Pride of Performance]] and [[Sitara-e-Imtiaz]], the third-highest civil award of Pakistan.<ref>{{cite book|title=Flower on a Grave: Poems from Ahmad Nadeem Qasimi|first=Daud |last=Kamal|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2008|url=http://global.oup.com/academic/product/flower-on-a-grave-9780195474978|isbn=9780195474978}}</ref> |
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* [[Sultan Bahu]] – A [[Sufi]] [[mysticism|mystic]], [[poet]], [[scholar]] and founder of [[Sufism|mystic tradition]] known as [[Sarwari Qadiri]].<ref>{{cite book|title=The Friends of God: Sufi Saints in Islam, Popular Poster Art from Pakistan|first=Jürgen Wasim |last=Frembgen|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2006|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wzzYAAAAMAAJ|page=103|quote= ... Sultan Bahu (d. 1691) whose real name was Sultan Muhammad. Born into an Awan Family in Shorkot (District Jhang), ... |isbn=0195470060}}</ref> |
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* [[Khadim Hussain Rizvi]] – A Pakistani [[Islamic scholar]] and the founder of [[Tehreek-e-Labbaik Pakistan]].<ref>{{cite news |last= Warraich |first= Suhail |date=10 December 2017 |title=A Barelvi revival? |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/tns/detail/564518-barelvi-revival |work= The News International |location= Islamabad|access-date=24 January 2021}}</ref> |
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* [[Ameer Muhammad Akram Awan]] – [[Islamic scholar]] and [[Sheikh#Sufi term|spiritual leader]] of the [[Sufism|mystic tradition]] known as [[Naqshbandia Owaisiah]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.naqshbandiaowaisiah.org/hazrat-ameer-muhammad-akram-awan-ra.html |title=Hazrat Ameer Muhammad Akram (RA) |website=Silsala Naqshbandia Owaisia |access-date=3 January 2021}}</ref> |
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* [[Saad Hussain Rizvi]], Pakistani politician |
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*[[Abdul Mannan Wazirabadi]] – Islamic scholar, [[Faqīh|jurist]] and [[Hadith studies|muhaddith]].<ref>Ustad-e-Punjab (teacher of Punjab), in [[Urdu|Urdu Language]], by Maulana Majeed Sohadravi, Darussalam Pakistan/Muslim Publication, [[Lahore]]. page 41</ref>{{better source needed|date=May 2022}} |
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*[[Dilip Kumar]] – An actor in [[Hindi cinema]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Web Team|first=WION|date=July 8, 2021|title=Pakistan mourns the loss of legendary Indian star Dilip Kumar, prayers offered outside ancestral home|work=WION|location=New Delhi, India|url=https://www.wionews.com/entertainment/pakistan-mourns-the-loss-of-legendary-indian-star-dilip-kumar-prayers-offered-outside-ancestral-home-396784|access-date=July 13, 2021}}</ref> |
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*[[Babar Awan]] - Pakistani politician and lawyer |
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*[[Hardev Bahri]] - linguist who wrote a two volume thesis on the [[Awankari dialect]] |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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* [[List of Punjabi Muslim tribes]] |
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*[[Tribes and clans of the Pothohar Plateau]] |
*[[Tribes and clans of the Pothohar Plateau]] |
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*[[Ahmed Gul Khel]] |
*[[Ahmed Gul Khel]] |
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*[[Awan Patti]] |
*[[Awan Patti]] |
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*[[Gangal Awan]] |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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==Further reading== |
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*{{cite book|title=Pakistan - Social and Cultural Transformations in a Muslim Nation|last=Qadeer|first=Mohammad|publisher=Taylor & Francis|date=22 November 2006|isbn=1134186177|page=71}} |
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{{Castes and Tribes of the Punjab}} |
{{Castes and Tribes of the Punjab}} |
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[[Category:Punjabi tribes|*]] |
[[Category:Punjabi tribes|*]] |
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[[Category:Social groups of Pakistan]] |
Latest revision as of 12:38, 14 May 2024
Awan اعوان | |
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Ethnicity | Punjabi (incl. Hindkowans) |
Location | Punjab, Sindh and Azad Kashmir |
Language | Punjabi, Hindko |
Religion | Islam |
Awan (Punjabi and Urdu: اعوان) is a Punjabi Muslim tribe and surname[1][2] originating from the Punjab region of Pakistan. Awans are predominantly present in the northern, central, and western parts of Punjab, with significant population also present in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Azad Kashmir, and to a lesser extent, in Sindh and Balochistan.
History
Jamal J. Elias notes that the Awans believe themselves to be of Arab origin, descended from Ali ibn Abu Talib and that the claim of Arab descent gives them "high status in the Indian Muslim environment".[3] However, they are also described as having Jat origins.[4]
Christophe Jaffrelot says:
The Awan deserve close attention, because of their historical importance and, above all, because they settled in the west, right up to the edge of Baluchi and Pashtun territory. Legend has it that their origins go back to Imam Ali and his second wife, Hanafiya. Historians describe them as valiant warriors and farmers who imposed their supremacy on the Janjua in part of the Salt Range and established large colonies all along the Indus to Sind, and a densely populated center not far from Lahore.[5]
People of the Awan community have a strong presence in the Pakistani Army[6] and a notable martial tradition.[7] They were listed as an "agricultural tribe" by the British Raj in 1925, a term that was then synonymous with classification as a "martial race".[8]
Notable people
- Nawab Malik Amir Mohammad Khan – Former Nawab of Kalabagh, Chief of the Awan tribe and Governor of West Pakistan from 1960 to 1966.[9]
- Air Marshal Nur Khan – Commander-in-chief of the Pakistan Air Force, 1965–69, Governor of West Pakistan, 1969–70, and recipient of the Hilal-i-Jurat, the second-highest military award of Pakistan.[10]
- Tajammul Hussain Malik, War Hero of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965, held an impenetrable defence in the Battle of Hilli against a multiple times larger force, famously refused to surrender and attempted coup against the Military Dictatorship of the 1980s
- Mir Sultan Khan – A chess master also believed by some to be the greatest natural chess player of modern times.[11]
- Ahmad Nadeem Qasmi – Urdu poet, journalist, literary critic, dramatist, short story author, recipient of the Pride of Performance and Sitara-e-Imtiaz, the third-highest civil award of Pakistan.[12]
- Sultan Bahu – A Sufi mystic, poet, scholar and founder of mystic tradition known as Sarwari Qadiri.[13]
- Khadim Hussain Rizvi – A Pakistani Islamic scholar and the founder of Tehreek-e-Labbaik Pakistan.[14]
- Ameer Muhammad Akram Awan – Islamic scholar and spiritual leader of the mystic tradition known as Naqshbandia Owaisiah.[15]
- Saad Hussain Rizvi, Pakistani politician
- Abdul Mannan Wazirabadi – Islamic scholar, jurist and muhaddith.[16][better source needed]
- Dilip Kumar – An actor in Hindi cinema.[17]
- Babar Awan - Pakistani politician and lawyer
- Hardev Bahri - linguist who wrote a two volume thesis on the Awankari dialect
See also
References
- ^ Hanks, Patrick; Lenarčič, Simon; McClure, Peter (30 November 2022), "Awan", Dictionary of American Family Names, Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/acref/9780190245115.001.0001, ISBN 978-0-19-024511-5
- ^ Tan, Tai Yong (2005). The Garrison State: The Military, Government and Society in Colonial Punjab 1849–1947. Sage. pp. 61–62. ISBN 978-0-7619-3336-6.
- ^ J. Elias, Jamal (1998). Death Before Dying: The Sufi Poems of Sultan Bahu. University of California Press. p. 12. ISBN 978-0-52021-242-8.
- ^ Khan, Sabir Badal (2013). Two Essays on Baloch History and Folklore: Two Essays on Baloch History and Folklore. Università di Napoli, "l'Orientale". p. 40.
- ^ Jaffrelot, Christophe (2004). A History of Pakistan and Its Origins (Reprinted ed.). Anthem Press. p. 205. ISBN 978-1-84331-149-2.
- ^ Jones, Philip Edward (2003). The Pakistan People's Party: Rise to Power. Oxford University Press. p. 61. ISBN 0195799666.
This [Awan] tribe is perhaps the most heavily recruited tribe in the [Pakistan] Army.
- ^ Ali, Imran (1998). Punjab under Imperialism, 1885–1947. Princeton University Press. p. 114. ISBN 1400859581.
- ^ Mazumder, Rajit K. (2003). The Indian Army and the Making of Punjab. Orient Longman. p. 105. ISBN 9788178240596.
- ^ Khan, Jahan Dad (2001). Pakistan Leadership Challenges. Oxford University Press. p. 72. ISBN 0195795873.
- ^ Khan, Roedad (1999). The American Papers: Secret and Confidential India-Pakistan-Bangladesh Documents, 1965-1973. Oxford University Press. p. 265. ISBN 0195791908.
- ^ Sultan, Ather; Sultan, Atiyab (17 May 2020). "CHESS:The Wrath of Khan". Dawn. Retrieved 12 June 2020.
- ^ Kamal, Daud (2008). Flower on a Grave: Poems from Ahmad Nadeem Qasimi. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195474978.
- ^ Frembgen, Jürgen Wasim (2006). The Friends of God: Sufi Saints in Islam, Popular Poster Art from Pakistan. Oxford University Press. p. 103. ISBN 0195470060.
... Sultan Bahu (d. 1691) whose real name was Sultan Muhammad. Born into an Awan Family in Shorkot (District Jhang), ...
- ^ Warraich, Suhail (10 December 2017). "A Barelvi revival?". The News International. Islamabad. Retrieved 24 January 2021.
- ^ "Hazrat Ameer Muhammad Akram (RA)". Silsala Naqshbandia Owaisia. Retrieved 3 January 2021.
- ^ Ustad-e-Punjab (teacher of Punjab), in Urdu Language, by Maulana Majeed Sohadravi, Darussalam Pakistan/Muslim Publication, Lahore. page 41
- ^ Web Team, WION (8 July 2021). "Pakistan mourns the loss of legendary Indian star Dilip Kumar, prayers offered outside ancestral home". WION. New Delhi, India. Retrieved 13 July 2021.
Further reading
- Qadeer, Mohammad (22 November 2006). Pakistan - Social and Cultural Transformations in a Muslim Nation. Taylor & Francis. p. 71. ISBN 1134186177.