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The 2011 Canadian federal election (more formally, the 41st Canadian General Election) will be held on Monday, May 2, 2011 to elect members to the House of Commons of the 41st Canadian Parliament.
The writs of election were issued by Governor General David Johnston on March 26, at the request of Prime Minister Stephen Harper, whose Conservative government was defeated in the House of Commons on a motion of non-confidence which declared the government to be in contempt of Parliament.[2] This is the first time in the Commonwealth of Nations, that a government has fallen on a contempt motion and it is without precedent in countries governed by a Westminster-style parliament.[3][4][5]
Background
The 2008 federal election resulted in a second consecutive Conservative minority government. Harper's second term was tumultuous, marked by an unprecedented prorogation for the purpose of avoiding facing a motion of non-confidence in 2008 (see 2008–2009 Canadian parliamentary dispute) and then a second controversy over prorogation in December 2009 (see 2010 Canada anti-prorogation protests).
Elections Canada laid charges against the Conservative party for contravening the Canada Elections Act.[6][7] This issue, along with the Bloc Québécois announcing its intention to vote against the budget unless it contained $2 billion in compensation to Quebec for harmonizing PST and GST,[8] ignited the election fever on Parliament Hill. Election speculation was further heightened after Conservative released their attack ads on Ignatieff, while Parliament was still in session.[9]
Contempt of Parliament
On March 9, 2011, Speaker of the Canadian House of Commons Peter Milliken made two rulings on contempt of Parliament: The first found that a Conservative Party cabinet minister, Bev Oda, could possibly be in contempt of Parliament.[10] The second ruling found the Cabinet could possibly be in contempt of Parliament for not meeting Opposition requests for details of proposed bills and their cost estimates, an issue which had "been dragging on since the fall of 2010."[11] Milliken ruled that both matters must go to committee and the committee must report its findings by March 21, 2011 — one day before the proposal of the budget.
Concerning Milliken's first ruling, the committee never made a determination on whether Oda was in contempt, as the Conservatives used the filibustering technique to block the committee from reporting its findings.[11][12]
Concerning Milliken's second ruling, on March 21, 2011 the committee tabled a report which found the Conservative Party in contempt of Parliament.[11] As such, a motion of no confidence was filed against the government.[13] On March 25, 2011, Members of Parliament voted on a Liberal motion of no confidence finding the Conservative government in contempt of Parliament, passing by a margin of 156 to 145.[3][4][14][15]
The contempt finding against the government is unique in Canadian history, and indeed in the history of the British Commonwealth. It is without precedent in countries governed by a Westminster-styled parliament.[3][4][5]
Issues
- Political honesty[16] – government fell on motion of non-confidence after being found in contempt of Parliament. This was the first time in the British Commonwealth that a government was found in contempt. The New Democratic Party (NDP) stated that both the Conservatives and the Liberals cannot be trusted. The NDP accused the Conservatives for creating "Liberal-style scandals" [17] and accused the Liberals for flip-flopping on issues such as corporate tax cuts, and the Afghanistan mission.[18][19][20]
- Internet surveillance and Warrant-less Wiretapping – The Conservatives have promised to re-introduce Internet surveillance legislation that they were not able to pass, and bundle it with the rest of their crime bills. They said they plan to fast track the legislation within 100 days after taking office.[21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]
- Military - the Conservatives plan to purchase sixty-five F-35 Lightning II jet fighters through a sole-source, untendered contract.[citation needed] Stating "Our defence policy is broken" the NDP announced that they would prioritize investment in naval ships over new fighter jets. The NDP stated that this would be a good opportunity to keep shipbuilding expertise and jobs in Canada.[29][30][31][32]
- Health care - The NDP have pledged to train 1,200 more doctors and 6,000 more nurses.[33][34][35][36][37]
- Harper has pledged to scrap the long-gun registry [38]
- The NDP promised to hire 2,500 more police officers to patrol the streets.[39][40][41][42] The Conservatives plan to expand the prison system.
- Conservatives pledge to cancel the per-vote subsidy.[43]
- NDP promises to cap credit-card rates at five percentage points above prime.[44]
- Conservatives and Liberals promise $4.2 billion in loan guarantees to support the Lower Churchill River power project.[45]
- Due to outcry from Quebec over the pledge to provide loan guarantees for the Lower Churchill project, the Conservatives promise Quebec a $2.2 billion transfer to ease the QST to HST transition.[46]
- Canada Pension Plan payouts – NDP promises to double.[47]
- Improved internet – both the Liberals and NDP have made statements stating that they will try and improve internet services in Canada, either by removing usage based billing or by improving internet infrastructure, especially in rural communities.[48][49]
- Liberals propose the establishment of an "Immigration Fairness Commissioner" to provide oversight on the entry of immigrants with professional qualifications (doctors, engineers, etc.), and to increase the number of family reunification visas.[50]
- If BC voters were to reject the HST in the upcoming referendum, the NDP promises to ensure that the penalties to be imposed by Ottawa on the HST agreement will be cancelled.[51][52][53][54]
- Conservative assertions that the Liberals will form a coalition with the more left-leaning NDP and Bloc Québécois have played a large role in Conservative rhetoric. [citation needed]
Economy and fiscal policy
- Balanced budget – the Conservatives promise to eliminate the budget deficit by 2013.[55][56] Critics and political analysts, however, argue that Paul Martin's Liberal government left a $13 billion budget surplus, before the Conservatives took power.[57][58] The Liberals and the NDP have released platforms promising a balanced budget by 2015 (within 4 years).[59]
- Recession – Many Canadians credit Harper's handling of the economy during the 2007-2010 global financial crisis. Economic analysts counter that Harper's Liberal predecessors banking regulations and Paul Martin's blocking of proposed bank mergers is what actually sheltered Canada from the worst effects of the recession.[58][60][61]
- The Conservatives plan to cut corporate taxes from 18 to 15%[62] The NDP have promised to lower the tax rate for small business from 11% to 9%, while at the same time increasing the tax rate for bigger corporations to 19.5%.[63]
- Personal taxation – Conservatives have promised income splitting for tax purposes for families with children to be delivered with the balanced budget.[64]
- Employment[65] – The NDP have promised a $4,500 job creation tax credit to all businesses per new hire.[66]
Opinion polls
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/41stElectionPollingResults.png/500px-41stElectionPollingResults.png)
Throughout the life of the 40th Parliament, public opinion support for the Conservative party fluctuated from the low 30s percentage to the low 40s. In Canada, low-40s percentage of the votes is usually considered enough to win a majority government,[67] although this varies considerably depending on the distribution of the votes between ridings. During the 40th Parliament, public opinion polls showed the Liberals varying from mid-20s to mid-30s, the NDP staying in the mid-to-high teens, and the Bloc and Greens in the high single digits.
Entering the leaders debates midway through the campaign, polls showed the Conservative polling between 36 and nearly 40 percent, the Liberals in the mid to high 20s, the NDP in the high teens to the mid 20s, the Bloc from 7 to 10 percent, and the Greens from 3 to 8 percent.
NDP surge
Midpoint in the election campaign, on April 16, an Angus Reid poll indicated a tie in support for the NDP and the Liberals, both polling at 25%.[68][69][70] Other polls later confirmed this tie.[71][72]
Over the weeks following the debates, Liberal and Bloc support slipped while NDP support increased, while the Conservatives continued to poll in a range from the mid-30 to 40 per cent range. By a week before the election, the Liberals and NDP were tied around about 23 to 25 percent.[73]
As of April 22, the NDP is leading in Quebec, and is polling at or above 30% in BC, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Quebec, Northern Canada, and in Atlantic Canada.[citation needed]
The New Democratic Party (NDP) stated that both the Conservatives and the Liberals cannot be trusted. The NDP accused the Conservatives for creating "Liberal-style scandals" [74] and accused the Liberals for flip-flopping on issues such as corporate tax cuts, and the Afghanistan mission.[75][76][77] The Liberals and Conservatives have in turn released attack advertisements against the NDP, with the Liberals criticizing the NDP of fiscal irresponsibility[78][79] and the Conservatives attacking the NDP's role Jack Layton played in assembling the 2008 coalition with the Bloc Quebecois and Liberal Party of Canada[78]. Gilles Duceppe of the Bloc Quebecois also urged Quebec voters not to vote for the NDP in order to prevent a Conservative majority.[80]
Timeline
- March 25, 2011: The Liberal Party's no-confidence motion passes the House 156-145, and the Prime Minister moves for the House to adjourn.[81]
- March 26, 2011: Governor General David Johnston agrees to dissolve the 40th Canadian Parliament following a meeting with Prime Minister Stephen Harper.[82]
- April 12, 2011: English leaders' debate.
- April 13, 2011: French leaders' debate.
- April 22, 23, and 25, 2011: Advance Polls are open[83]
- May 2, 2011: Polling Day
- May 23, 2011: Return of Writs[84]
- May 30, 2011: 41st Parliament to convene[85] (This date is subject to change.)
Leaders' debates
The English- and French-language debates have been scheduled for April 12 and April 13 respectively.[86][87]
On March 29, the consortium of broadcasters playing host to the debates (the CBC, CTV, Global, Radio-Canada and TVA) announced that it would only invite the leaders of the four recognized parties in the House of Commons, namely, the Conservative Party, the Liberal Party, the Bloc Québécois and the NDP. Therefore the Green Party will be excluded, despite earning 6.8 per cent of the popular vote in the 2008 federal election.[88][89][90][91]
On March 30, Stephen Harper challenged Michael Ignatieff to a one-on-one televised debate.[92] Although Ignatieff accepted the challenge, this was opposed by the other opposition parties. The idea was later rejected by the broadcast consortium and cancelled.
On April 1, comedian Rick Mercer suggested over Twitter hosting a one-on-one debate between Stephen Harper and Michael Ignatieff at Toronto's Massey Hall. He later added he would donate $50,000 to the charities of their choosing if they were willing to participate. Ignatieff immediately accepted the challenge and named the Alzheimer Society as his charity of choice, as his mother succumbed to Alzheimer's disease in 1992. Harper has not responded to the challenge.[93]
In an interview with The Globe and Mail published on April 1, Troy Reeb, the broadcast consortium chairman, discussed the process behind setting up the leaders' debates and the rationale for various decisions made, including the decision to exclude the Green Party's leader Elizabeth May.[94]
On April 5, the Federal Court rejected the Green Party's request for an expedited hearing on the matter prior to the scheduled debates.[95]
On April 10, the date of the French leaders debate was changed from April 14 to April 13 due to worries of broadcasting conflicts with the NHL playoffs scheduled for April 14.[96] Also on April 10, Elizabeth May participated in a panel interview on CHCH-TV in Hamilton, which she was invited to attend, as were the leaders of the Bloc, Liberals, NDP and Conservatives, by Channel Zero, whose president was disappointed by May's exclusion from the leaders' debates.[97]
During the debate, Duceppe stated a Harper majority will criminalize abortion and bring back the death penalty.[98][99]
Fringe debate
A debate for leaders of all the fringe parties, named the Other Parties Discussion, has been scheduled on April 23, 2011 at York University. The debate organizers invited all leaders from registered political parties who do not have seats.[100]
Probable participants in the debate will be, the Christian Heritage Party, the Communist Party of Canada, Pirate Party of Canada, Rhinoceros Party, Libertarian Party and First Peoples National Party.[100]
Green Leader Elizabeth May is refusing to participate in the fringe debates claiming they are not one of the fringe parties. Marijuana Party leader Blair Longley will only participate if someone pays for his trip to Toronto.[100]
Parties in contention
Template:Canadian federal election, 2011
Candidates by party
Articles on parties' candidates for the 41st election:
Contentious ridings
Controversies and gaffes
See also
- List of Canadian federal general elections
- List of political parties in Canada
- Results of the Canadian federal election, 2011
References
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- ^ CBC News (March 26, 2011). "Election day set for May 2". CBC. Retrieved March 26, 2011.
- ^ a b c Bruce Cheadle (March 25, 2011). "Harper government topples on contempt motion, triggering May election". The Canadian Press; CTV news. Retrieved March 25, 2011.
- ^ a b c Thomas Walkom (March 25, 2011). "Walkom: Yes, contempt of Parliament does matter". Toronto Star. Retrieved March 25, 2011.
- ^ a b Gardner, Dan (April 8, 2011). "Gardner: Are we going to reward contempt of Parliament?". Ottawacitizen.com. Retrieved April 17, 2011.
- ^ Akin, David (February 25, 2011). "PM shrugs off charges against Tories". Lfpress.com. Retrieved April 17, 2011.
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- ^ a b c "MPs' report finds government in contempt". CBC News. March 21, 2011. Retrieved March 24, 2011.
- ^ Mike De Souza (March 26, 2011). "Oda off the hook". Montreal Gazette. Retrieved March 26, 2011.
- ^ Stephanie Levitz and Martin O'Hanlon, The Canadian Press: (March 23, 2011). "Harper government set to fall Friday, setting stage for vote in early May". Globaltvcalgary.com. Retrieved April 13, 2011.
{{cite web}}
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- ^ Mayeda, Andrew (March 25, 2011). "Harper government falls". Vancouver Sun. Retrieved March 25, 2011.
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- ^ “He promised he’d clean up Liberal-style scandals,” said Layton. “Instead, he just created new ones.” – Federal election called for May 2 – http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/federal-election-called-for-may-2/article1957991/page2/
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- ^ "New Canadian legislation will give police greater powers". Digitaljournal.com. Retrieved April 17, 2011.
- ^ "ISPs must help police snoop on internet under new bill". CBC News. June 18, 2009.
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- ^ Canadian bill forces personal data from ISPs sans warrant – http://www.theregister.co.uk/2009/06/18/canada_isp_intercept_bills/
- ^ Brown, Jesse (April 13, 2011). "Harper's promise: a warrantless online surveillance state- Why 'lawful access' legislation is on its way and why that should worry you". Macleans.ca. Retrieved April 17, 2011.
- ^ "NDP prioritizes ships over jets". CBC News. April 8, 2011.
- ^ Kirkup, Kristy. "New ships not jets, say NDP | Decision 2011 | News". Toronto Sun. Retrieved April 18, 2011.
- ^ Gloria Galloway (April 8, 2011). "Layton pans Tory defence plan, unveils made-in-Canada alternative". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved April 18, 2011.
- ^ Murray Brewster, The Canadian Press: Friday, April 8, 2011 (April 8, 2011). "NDP says replacing navy's aging supply ships would be its defence priority". Globalregina.com. Retrieved April 18, 2011.
{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ Galloway, Gloria (March 29, 2011). "NDP goes big with health-care ads, accusing Harper of neglect". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved March 30, 2011.
- ^ Kirkup, Kristy. "Future of health care hinges on election: Layton | Decision 2011 | News". Toronto Sun. Retrieved April 18, 2011.
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- ^ Brennan, Richard J. (April 6, 2011). "They may be New Democrats but old policies hurt profile". The Star. Toronto.
- ^ Joe Friesen and John Ibbitson (April 4, 2011). "Harper courts rural ridings with vow to kill gun registry". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved April 4, 2011.
- ^ "NDP unveils plan to stamp out gang violence during Surrey stop". Vancouversun.com. April 8, 2011. Retrieved April 18, 2011.
- ^ Gloria Galloway (April 7, 2011). "NDP pledge aims to stamp out gang-related crime at its source". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved April 18, 2011.
- ^ "Layton vows crime crackdown". Cknw.com. April 7, 2011. Retrieved April 18, 2011.
- ^ Kirkup, Kristy. "NDP unveils crime policy | Decision 2011 | News". Toronto Sun. Retrieved April 18, 2011.
- ^ Steve Chase, Gloria Galloway, and Les Perreaux (April 1, 2011). "Tired of constant campaigns, Harper says he'll scrap per-vote subsidy". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved April 1, 2011.
{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Galloway, Gloria (March 29, 2011). "Layton vows to cap credit-card rates". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved March 29, 2011.
- ^ Shawn McCarthy and Steven Chase (March 30, 2011). "Harper to back Lower Churchill mega-project in bid for Newfoundland seats". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved April 2, 2011.
- ^ Chase, Steven (April 1, 2011). "Harper pledges to settle multibillion-dollar HST feud with Quebec". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved April 1, 2011.
- ^ Galloway, Gloria (April 4, 2011). "Layton promises to double public-pension payouts". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved April 4, 2011.
- ^ CBC News (April 6, 2011). "Liberals target faster rural internet service". CBC. Retrieved April 6, 2011.
- ^ CBC News (January 20, 2011). "Extra billing for internet use a 'ripoff': NDP". CBC. Retrieved April 6, 2011.
- ^ Taber, Jane (March 29, 2011). "Ignatieff calls for immigration 'fairness commissioner'". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved March 30, 2011.
- ^ Fowlie, Jonathan (April 7, 2011). "B.C. should keep money even if HST is scrapped: Layton". Vancouversun.com. Retrieved April 18, 2011.
- ^ "Harper has ignored health-care problems: Layton". CBC News. April 6, 2011.
- ^ Austin, Ian (April 7, 2011). "Layton courting B.C. HST haters". Theprovince.com. Retrieved April 18, 2011.
- ^ Kirkup, Kristy. "Layton feeds off HST anger in B.C. | Decision 2011 | News". Toronto Sun. Retrieved April 18, 2011.
- ^ "Tories vow to kill deficit early". Nationalpost.com. April 8, 2011. Retrieved April 18, 2011.
- ^ "Tories vow to eliminate deficit early". CBC News. April 8, 2011.
- ^ "If this election's about the economy, let's hope the parties aren't stupid". The Sault Star. Retrieved April 18, 2011.
- ^ a b "Paul Martin rips Tory fiscal record". torontosun.com. April 16, 2011. Retrieved April 16, 2011.
- ^ "NDP to unveil balanced budget platform". Cbc.ca. April 9, 2011. Retrieved April 18, 2011.
- ^ Jordan, Pav (July 3, 2009). "World crisis puts Canadian bank mergers out of mind". reuters.com. Retrieved April 15, 2011.
- ^ Gilles, Rob (April 10, 2011). "Prime minister nudging Canada to the right – Associated Press". news.yahoo.com. Retrieved April 15, 2011.
Prime minister nudging Canada to the right
- ^ Taber, Jane (March 30, 2011). "Ignatieff heads to Vancouver pharmacy to unveil another platform plank". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved March 30, 2011.
- ^ "NDP's small biz measures a double-edged sword". Money.canoe.ca. March 30, 2011. Retrieved April 18, 2011.
- ^ Carrick, Rob (March 29, 2011). "A wish list for all investors in this year's election". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved March 30, 2011.
- ^ Ibbitson, John (March 30, 2011). "It's jobs versus quality of life in quest for middle-income votes". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved March 30, 2011.
- ^ Kirkup, Kristy. "Layton announces job creation measures". Toronto Sun. Retrieved April 18, 2011.
- ^ In 1988 the PCs won 57% of the seats with 43% of the vote. In 1993 the Liberals won 60% of the seats with 41% of the vote. In 1997 the Liberals won 51% of the seats with 38% of the vote. In 2000 the Liberals won 51% of the seats with 41% of the vote.
- ^ Joanna Smith Ottawa Bureau (April 13, 2011). "NDP moves into tie with Liberals: Poll". Toronto: thestar.com. Retrieved April 18, 2011.
- ^ Palmer, Randall (February 14, 2011). "Canada's NDP pushes for bigger place in election sun". Reuters. Retrieved April 18, 2011.
- ^ "Layton sees growing Quebec support, targets Liberals". Cbc.ca. April 18, 2011. Retrieved April 18, 2011.
- ^ "Poll shows NDP, Liberals in statistical tie". Ctv.ca. April 22, 2011. Retrieved April 22, 2011.
- ^ "Surging NDP support changes campaign dynamic". Cbc.ca. April 21, 2011. Retrieved April 22, 2011.
- ^ EKOS (2011). "NDP Breakout Contunues As Everyone Else Spins Wheels" (PDF). Retrieved April 23, 2011.
{{cite web}}
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ignored (help) - ^ “He promised he’d clean up Liberal-style scandals,” said Layton. “Instead, he just created new ones.” – Federal election called for May 2 – http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/federal-election-called-for-may-2/article1957991/page2/
- ^ "Layton warns of Tory, Liberal service cuts". CBC News. April 9, 2011.
- ^ Brennan, Richard J. (April 4, 2011). "Layton calls Ignatieff 'part of the problem'". The Star. Toronto.
- ^ By JOE BELANGER, The London Free Press (April 5, 2011). "Layton slams Harper over loan dithering | London | News | London Free Press". Lfpress.com. Retrieved April 17, 2011.
- ^ a b Ibbitson and Chase, John and Steven (23-04-11). "Liberals, Tories zero in attack ads on Layton as NDP surges in polls". Globe and Mail.
{{cite news}}
: Check date values in:|date=
(help) - ^ Gurney, Matt (24-04-11). "Matt Gurney: Liberals love democracy, except when it's 'unprincipled'". NationalPost.
{{cite news}}
: Check date values in:|date=
(help) - ^ Cohen, Tobi (22-04-11). "NDP surge makes Layton new target of attack Read more: http://www.canada.com/news/decision-canada/surge+makes+Layton+target+attack/4661417/story.html#ixzz1KU0bziJ1". Calgary Herald.
{{cite news}}
: Check date values in:|date=
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- ^ Galloway, Gloria (March 25, 2011). "Harper government falls in historic Commons showdown". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved March 30, 2011.
- ^ Chase, Stephen (March 26, 2011). "Federal election called for May 2". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved March 30, 2011.
- ^ "How do I vote FAQ". Elections Canada. Retrieved April 18, 2011.
- ^ "Proclamation Issuing Election Writs". Canada Gazette, Part II. 145 (1 (Extra)). March 28, 2011.
- ^ "Proclamation Summoning Parliament to Meet on May 30, 2011". Canada Gazette, Part II. 145 (1 (Extra)). March 28, 2011.
- ^ "Broadcasters rule out one-on-one debate between Harper and Ignatieff, confirm May's exclusion". The Globe and Mail. March 30, 2011. Retrieved March 31, 2011.
{{cite news}}
:|first1=
missing|last1=
(help); Text "last1Leblanc" ignored (help) - ^ "How Canadian: NHL trumps debate". Cbc.ca. April 10, 2011. Retrieved April 13, 2011.
- ^ Burgmann, Tamsyn (March 29, 2011). "Green's Elizabeth May will fight broadcasters' decision to ditch her from debate". The Canadian Press. Retrieved March 30, 2011.
- ^ "Debate over May diverts campaign Harper pushes lower corporate taxes, Layton would raise them, Ignatieff would add to CPP". CBC News. March 30, 2011. Retrieved March 30, 2011.
- ^ Pynn, Larry; Minsky, Amy (March 30, 2011). "Greens' Elizabeth May, determined to enter debate, prepares legal action". Vancouver Sun and Postmedia News. Retrieved March 30, 2011Template:Inconsistent citations
{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: postscript (link) - ^ Leblanc, Daniel (March 30, 2011). "Elizabeth May excluded from election debates". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved March 30, 2011.
- ^ Chase, Steven (March 30, 2011). "Harper and Ignatieff game for head-to-head debate". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved March 30, 2011.
{{cite news}}
: Unknown parameter|coauthors=
ignored (|author=
suggested) (help) - ^ "Ignatieff accepts Rick Mercer debate offer". CBC News. CBC. April 2, 2011. Retrieved April 4, 2011.
- ^ Ladurantaye, Steve (April 1, 2011). "Why the TV consortium excluded Elizabeth May". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved April 5, 2011.
- ^ "Judge denies Elizabeth May's bid to join leaders' debates". The Globe and Mail. CP. April 5, 2011. Retrieved April 5, 2011.
- ^ "How Canadian: NHL trumps debate date". CBC News. CBC. April 10, 2011. Retrieved April 10, 2011.
- ^ "CHCH-TV to Broadcast "Elizabeth May, For the Record" Live this Sunday, April 10, 2011 – 8pm ET". CNW Group. CNW. April 8, 2011. Retrieved April 10, 2011.
- ^ Perel, Shloime (April 14, 2011). "Fear of a return of the death penalty". montrealgazette.com. Retrieved April 15, 2011.
- ^ Harrold, Max (April 15, 2011). "Bloc warns of right-wing agenda". montrealgazette.com. Retrieved April 15, 2011.
- ^ a b c Adrian Humphreys (April 5, 2011). "Green Party snubs fringe debate". National Post.
External links
- Elections Canada
- "Compare the party platforms". The Globe and Mail. April 3, 2011. Retrieved April 17, 2011.