The Eretnid Dynasty | |||||||||||
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1335–1381 | |||||||||||
![]() The Eretnids under Eretna | |||||||||||
Status | Beylik | ||||||||||
Capital | Sivas and Kayseri | ||||||||||
Common languages | Persian Turkic language[citation needed] | ||||||||||
Religion | Islam | ||||||||||
Government | Monarchy | ||||||||||
Sultan | |||||||||||
• 1336–1352 | Eretna b. Jafar, Ala al-Din | ||||||||||
• 1380 | Muhammad II Chelebi | ||||||||||
History | |||||||||||
• Established | 1335 | ||||||||||
• Disestablished | 1381 | ||||||||||
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Eretnids (Turkish plural; Eretnaoğulları) was an Anatolian beylik that succeeded the Ilkhanid governors in Anatolia and that ruled in a large region extending between Caesarea (Kayseri), Sebastea (Sivas) and Amaseia (Amasya) in Central Anatolia between 1328–1381. This principality is generally not considered as one of the Turkish beyliks, because Eretna was not Turkish origin.[1] Eretnids were Mongols rather than Turkmen.[2] Although short-lived, the Beylik of Eretna left important works of architecture. The name of Eretna may be derived from Sanskrit word Ratna "Jewel" (Erdene, Эрдэнэ, in Mongolian).[3]
The dynasty's founder, Eretna, was a Mongol officer[4] of Uyghur origin[5] in the service of Timurtash, the Ilkhanid governor of Anatolia. After his master unsuccessfully revolted in 1327 to ally with the Mamluks in response to the fate of his father Chupan, Ilkhan Abu Said appointed Eretna a governor of Rum. Eretna was able to establish his own beylik with the title of Sultan under the protection of the Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo) only when the khan died in 1335.[6] After Eretna's death, his lands were nibbled away by the Ottomans in the west and Aq Qoyunlu in the east due to internal disputes between the Eretnids. The Beylik's last ruler, Muhammad II, was replaced by his vizier Kadı Burhaneddin who reigned in the same region for another eighteen years, a period some sources consider as a continuation of the same institutional structure, while other sources treat as being separate.
List of Eretna rulers
- Eretna b Jafar, Ala al-Din 1336–1352
- Muhammad I 1352–1366
- 'Ali 1366–1380
- Muhammad II Chelebi 1380
- Kadi Burhan al-Din
History of Turkey |
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Timeline |
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See also
References
- ^ "The Eretnid principality is generally not reckoned as one of the Turkish beyliks, because Eretna was himself of Mongol, not Turkish origin.", William Marsden, Stephen Album, Marsden's Numismata Orientalia Illustrata, Attic Books, 1977, p. 172.
- ^ Michael Broome, A Handbook of Islamic Coins, Seaby, 1985, p. 134.
- ^ Clifford Edmund Bosworth-The new Islamic dynasties: a chronological and genealogical manual, p.234
- ^ Ibn Batuta, Sir Hamilton Alexander Rosskeen Gibb, Travels of Ibn Battuta, A.D. 1325-1354, Published for the Hakluyt Society at the University Press, 1962, p. 433. Ertena, a Mongol officer under the Chobanid Timurtash
- ^ John Freely, The Companion Guide to Turkey, HarperCollins, 1993, p.391 This was erected in 1339 by Eretna, an Uyghur Turk who created an independent principality in central Anatolia after the collapse of the Ilkhanid Mongol Empire in 1335.
- ^ Encyclopedia of Mongolia and Mongol Empire, see: Turkey and Mongol Empire
External links
- "Köşk [[Medrese]] and Tomb (Türbe) in [[Kayseri]]". Archnet.
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