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Elimination half-life | Distribution half life 12 minutes, elimination half 100 minutes |
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Formula | C28H54GdN5O20 |
Molar mass | 938.01 g·mol−1 |
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Gadopentetic acid (in the form of gadopentetate dimeglumine or Gd-DTPA) is the first paramagnetic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent. First described in 1981, and introduced in 1988, it is used to assist imaging of blood vessels and of inflamed or diseased tissue where the blood vessels become 'leaky'. It is often used when viewing intracranial lesions with abnormal vascularity or abnormalities in the blood-brain barrier. It is usually injected intravenously. Gd-DTPA is a gadolinium complex of diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid and is classed as an acyclic, ionic gadolinium contrast medium. Its paramagnetic property reduces the T1 relaxation time (and to some extent the T2 and T2* relaxation times) in NMR, which is the source of its clinical utility.
Marketed as Magnevist by Bayer Schering Pharma, it was the first intravenous contrast agent to become available for clinical use, and is in widespread use around the world. Similar contrast agents are Dotarem (gadoterate) manufactured by Guerbet, MultiHance (gadobenate dimeglumine) and ProHance (gadoteridol) manufactured by Bracco, Omniscan (gadodiamide) manufactured by GE Healthcare, and OptiMARK (gadoversetamide) manufactured by Mallinckrodt.
Gadolinium based agents may cause a toxic reaction known as nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) in patients with severe kidney problems.[1][2]
Compared to other Gadolinium based MRI contrast agents, Gadopentetate dimeglumine (Gd-DTPA2-) chelates allow delayed Gadolinium enhanced enhanced Magnetic Resonance of Cartilage (dGEMRIC). The unique charge characteristic of this complex allows researchers to inversely measure spin-lattice relaxation times as they are related to the concentration of Proteoglycan aggregates and charged Glycosaminoglycan side chains in articular cartilage. [3][4]
References
- ^ Murphy KJ, Brunberg JA, Cohan RH (1996). "Adverse reactions to gadolinium contrast media: a review of 36 cases". American Journal of Roentgenology. 167 (4): 847–849. PMID 8819369.
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: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ H.S. Thomsen, S.K. Morcos and P. Dawson (2006). "Is there a causal relation between the administration of gadolinium-based contrast media and the development of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF)?". Clinical Radiology. 61 (11): 905–906. doi:10.1016/j.crad.2006.09.003. PMID 17018301.
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ignored (help) - ^ Bashir A, Gray ML, Boutin RD, Burstein D. Glycosaminoglycan in articular cartilage: in vivo assessment with delayed Gd(DTPA)(2-)-enhanced MR imaging. Radiology. Nov 1997;205(2):551-558.
- ^ Bashir A, Gray ML, Hartke J, Burstein D. Nondestructive imaging of human cartilage glycosaminoglycan concentration by MRI. Magn Reson Med. May 1999;41(5):857-865.
External links
- Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals page on Magnevist (for US)
- Bayer Schering Pharma global Magnevist Website
- "Gadopentetate Dimeglumine". Magnetic Resonance—Technology Information Portal. Retrieved 2006-03-27.