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{{Infobox person |
{{Infobox person |
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| name = Josip Runjanin |
| name = Josip Runjanin |
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| native_name = Јосиф Руњанин |
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| native_name_lang = sr-Cyrl |
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| image = Josip Runjanin.png |
| image = Josip Runjanin.png |
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| image_size = |
| image_size = |
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| caption = |
| caption = |
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| birth_name = Josif Runjanin |
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| birth_date = {{birth date|1821|12|8|df=y}} |
| birth_date = {{birth date|1821|12|8|df=y}} |
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| birth_place = [[Vinkovci]], [[Military Frontier]], [[Austrian Empire]] |
| birth_place = [[Vinkovci]], [[Slavonian Military Frontier]], [[Military Frontier]], [[Austrian Empire]] |
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| death_date = {{death date and age|1878|2|2|1821|12|8|df=y}} |
| death_date = {{death date and age|1878|2|2|1821|12|8|df=y}} |
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| death_place = [[Novi Sad]], [[Kingdom of Hungary (1526–1867)|Kingdom of Hungary]], [[Austria-Hungary]] |
| death_place = [[Novi Sad|Újvidék]] (today Novi Sad), [[Kingdom of Hungary (1526–1867)|Kingdom of Hungary]], [[Austria-Hungary]] |
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| occupation = [[Soldier]] and [[composer]] |
| occupation = [[Soldier]] and [[composer]] |
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| nationality = [[Austrian Empire|Austrian]] |
| nationality = [[Austrian Empire|Austrian]] |
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| spouse = |
| spouse = |
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}} |
}} |
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'''Josip |
'''Josip Runjanin''' ({{Lang-sr-Cyrl-Latn|Јосиф Руњанин|Josif Runjanin}}; 8 December 1821 – 2 February 1878) was a [[Serbs of Croatia|Croatian Serb]] soldier and composer from the [[Austrian Empire]] best known for composing the melody of ''[[Lijepa naša domovino]]'', which later became the Croatian national anthem. |
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==Life== |
==Life== |
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Runjanin was born |
Runjanin was born Josif Runjanin{{efn|His baptism record documents his [[given name]] as [[Josif]], the Serbian variant of the given name [[Joseph]]. His name is often incorrectly spelled [[Josip]], the Croatian variant of the name.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Pavkovic|first1=Aleksandar|last2=Kelen|first2=Christopher|year=2016|title=Anthems and the Making of Nation States: Identity and Nationalism in the Balkans|publisher=Bloomsbury|location=London, England|isbn=978-0-85772-642-1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-BGMDwAAQBAJ|page=223, note 6}}</ref> His surname comes from the name of the village [[Runjani]] in [[Šumadija and Western Serbia|western Serbia]], where the family of his ancestors came from.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mitrić |first1=Vladimir |title=Runjani - za ponos Srbije: Poreklom iz ovog sela srpski kompozitor Josif Runjanin, a ovde rođena i majka Tomanije Obrenović |url=https://www.novosti.rs/vesti/srbija.73.html:838725-Runjani---za-ponos-Srbije-Poreklom-iz-ovog-sela-srpski-kompozitor-Josif-Runjanin-a-ovde-rodjena-i-majka-Tomanije-Obrenovic |website=novosti.rs |accessdate=31 January 2020}}</ref>}} to a [[Serbs|Serb]]<ref>{{cite news|last=Kuzmanovic|first=Jasminka|date=15 August 1995|title=After Centuries of Coexistence, End of Serb Community in Croatia|work=Associated Press|url=https://www.apnews.com/075b0b61c98a978531d7437a5f7694aa|accessdate=8 December 2018|quote=A Serb, Josip Runjanin, composed Croatia’s national anthem.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Rihtman-Auguštin|first=Dunja|year=1999|title=A Croatian Controversy: Mediterranean–Danube–Balkans|journal=Narodna Umjetnost|volume=36|number=2|issn=0547-2504|url=https://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=53509|page=116}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Mark Biondich|editor=Richard C. Frucht|year=2005|title=Eastern Europe: An Introduction to the People, Lands, and Culture|volume=1|chapter=Croatia|publisher=ABC-CLIO|location=Santa Barbara, California|isbn=978-1-57607-800-6|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lVBB1a0rC70C|page=419}}</ref> family on 8 December 1821 and baptized in the [[Church of Pentecost, Vinkovci|Serbian Orthodox Church of Pentecost]] in [[Vinkovci]]. He received his education in Vinkovci, and then [[Sremski Karlovci]]. He served in the [[Austro-Hungarian Army|Imperial Army]] as a [[cadet]] in the town of [[Glina, Croatia|Glina]] along the [[Military Frontier]] in the [[Croatian Military Frontier]] district.<ref name="HE-Runjanin"/> |
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While serving in Glina, he attained the rank of [[captain (land)|captain]], and became proficient in playing the [[piano]], being taught by the military bandmaster of Glina. There, he was introduced to the [[Illyrian movement|Illyrist]] circles, where he met noted poet [[Antun Mihanović]].<ref name="Šarčević-2008">{{cite web | url = http://povijest.net/josip-runjanin/ | title = Josip Runjanin (Josif) | first = Josip | last = Šarčević | date = 7 April 2008 | work = Hrvatski povijesni portal | publisher = Inter nos | location = Prelog | issn = 1846-4432 | accessdate = 5 December 2015}}</ref> It is generally agreed that Runjanin, an amateur musician, composed the music for Mihanović's [[Patriotism|patriotic]] Croatian poem "[[Lijepa naša domovino|Horvatska domovina]]" in 1846 using inspiration from [[Gaetano Donizetti]]'s aria "O sole piu ratto a sorger t'appresta" from the third act of his opera ''[[Lucia di Lammermoor]]'', according to Croatian musicologist {{ill|Josip Andreis|mk|Јосип Андреис}}.<ref>{{cite journal | url = http://www.matica.hr/vijenac/236/Vrsni%20katalog%20emocija%20i%20epiteta/ | publisher = [[Matica hrvatska]] | journal = [[Vijenac]] | issue = 236 | first = Mirko | last = Tomasović | date = 20 March 2003 | title = Vrsni katalog emocija i epiteta (Runjanin i Donizetti) |trans-title=An excellent catalog of emotions and epithets (Runjanin and Donizetti)}}</ref> |
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⚫ | His song |
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⚫ | His song "Ljubimo te naša diko" was composed using motives from Donizetti's ''[[L'elisir d'amore]]''.<ref name="HE-Runjanin">{{cite encyclopedia | url = http://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=53730 | language = Croatian | title = Runjanin, Josip | publisher = [[Miroslav Krleža Lexicographical Institute]] | accessdate = 15 September 2014}}</ref> "Ljubimo te naša diko (Hrvati svome banu)" was composed in honour of the [[Ban of Croatia]], [[Josip Jelačić]].<ref name="Šarčević-2008"/><ref>{{in lang|hr}} [http://www.zamp.hr/baza-autora/djelo/pregled/154205025 ZAMP Baza autora: Ljubimo te naša diko (Hrvati svome banu)]</ref><ref name="republika">{{in lang|hr}} [http://www.dhk.hr/Republika/Republika_03_2010.pdf Republika. Page 41, note 2]</ref> |
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The Croatian anthem by Mihanović and Runjanin would be first played in the streets of Zagreb in 1891 during the Croatian-Slavonian exhibit, so both men only achieved postmortem fame.<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.hrt.hr/arhiv/ndd/12prosinac/1208%20Runjanin.html | title = Josip Runjanin | language = Croatian | publisher = [[Croatian Radiotelevision]] | work = Na današnji dan - 12. prosinca | url-status = dead | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160305073044/http://www.hrt.hr/arhiv/ndd/12prosinac/1208%20Runjanin.html | archivedate = 2016-03-05 }}</ref> An obedient soldier, Runjanin was later made [[colonel]]. |
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The Croatian anthem by Mihanović and Runjanin would be first played in the streets of [[Zagreb]] in 1891 during the [[Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia|Croatian-Slavonian]] exhibit, so both men only achieved postmortem fame.<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.hrt.hr/arhiv/ndd/12prosinac/1208%20Runjanin.html | title = Josip Runjanin | language = Croatian | publisher = [[Croatian Radiotelevision]] | work = Na današnji dan - 12. prosinca | url-status = dead | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160305073044/http://www.hrt.hr/arhiv/ndd/12prosinac/1208%20Runjanin.html | archivedate = 2016-03-05 }}</ref> An obedient soldier, Runjanin was later made [[colonel]]. |
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In 1864 at the age of 43, Runjanin married the daughter of the pensioned captain Toma Perković.<ref name="runjanin"/> As a representative of the First Banate regiment, he entered the [[Croatian Parliament|Croatian Assembly]] in 1865.<ref name="runjanin">{{cite web |url= http://www.biografije.org/runjanin.htm|title= Josip Runjanin|author=biografije.org |work=Biografije|url-status=dead | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080526093311/http://www.biografije.org/runjanin.htm | archivedate = 2008-05-26}}</ref> |
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⚫ | After retirement, Runjanin moved to [[Novi Sad]] where he died at the age of 57 on 2 February 1878 and was buried at the Serbian Orthodox cemetery.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.politika.rs/sr/clanak/448400/Kompozitor-Lijepe-nase-pociva-na-novosadskom-pravoslavnom-groblju|title=Kompozitor |
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⚫ | After retirement, Runjanin moved to [[Novi Sad]] where he died at the age of 57 on 2 February 1878 and was buried at the [[Serbian Orthodox Church|Serbian Orthodox]] cemetery.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.politika.rs/sr/clanak/448400/Kompozitor-Lijepe-nase-pociva-na-novosadskom-pravoslavnom-groblju|title=Kompozitor "Lijepe naše" počiva na novosadskom pravoslavnom groblju|last=Kovačević|first=Snežana|website=Politika Online|access-date=2020-02-22}}</ref> |
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== Legacy == |
== Legacy == |
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[[Image:Obelisk himna Zelenjak.jpg|thumb|Monument to the [[Croatian anthem]]]] |
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There are several schools in Croatia named after Runjanin, most notably the |
There are several schools in Croatia named after Runjanin, most notably the Elementary Music School of Josip Runjanin (''Osnovna glazbena škola Josipa Runjanina'') in Vinkovci.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.runjanina.hr/o-nama/josip-runjanin.html | language = Croatian | title = Josip Runjanin | date = 13 May 2014 | accessdate = 31 May 2016 | publisher = Josip Runjanin Music School | location = Vinkovci | archive-date = 7 September 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210907141709/http://www.runjanina.hr/o-nama/josip-runjanin.html | url-status = dead }}</ref> |
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==Notes== |
==Notes== |
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[[Category:19th-century composers]] |
[[Category:19th-century composers]] |
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[[Category:19th-century male musicians]] |
[[Category:19th-century male musicians]] |
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[[Category:Austro- |
[[Category:Serbian Austro-Hungarians]] |
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[[Category:Croatian composers]] |
[[Category:Croatian composers]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Croatian male composers]] |
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[[Category:National anthem writers]] |
[[Category:National anthem writers]] |
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[[Category:Musicians from Novi Sad]] |
[[Category:Musicians from Novi Sad]] |
Latest revision as of 17:40, 4 June 2024
Josip Runjanin | |
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Јосиф Руњанин | |
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Born | Josif Runjanin 8 December 1821 |
Died | 2 February 1878 | (aged 56)
Nationality | Austrian |
Occupation(s) | Soldier and composer |
Josip Runjanin (Serbian: Јосиф Руњанин, Josif Runjanin; 8 December 1821 – 2 February 1878) was a Croatian Serb soldier and composer from the Austrian Empire best known for composing the melody of Lijepa naša domovino, which later became the Croatian national anthem.
Life
Runjanin was born Josif Runjanin[a] to a Serb[3][4][5] family on 8 December 1821 and baptized in the Serbian Orthodox Church of Pentecost in Vinkovci. He received his education in Vinkovci, and then Sremski Karlovci. He served in the Imperial Army as a cadet in the town of Glina along the Military Frontier in the Croatian Military Frontier district.[6]
While serving in Glina, he attained the rank of captain, and became proficient in playing the piano, being taught by the military bandmaster of Glina. There, he was introduced to the Illyrist circles, where he met noted poet Antun Mihanović.[7] It is generally agreed that Runjanin, an amateur musician, composed the music for Mihanović's patriotic Croatian poem "Horvatska domovina" in 1846 using inspiration from Gaetano Donizetti's aria "O sole piu ratto a sorger t'appresta" from the third act of his opera Lucia di Lammermoor, according to Croatian musicologist Josip Andreis .[8]
His song "Ljubimo te naša diko" was composed using motives from Donizetti's L'elisir d'amore.[6] "Ljubimo te naša diko (Hrvati svome banu)" was composed in honour of the Ban of Croatia, Josip Jelačić.[7][9][10]
The Croatian anthem by Mihanović and Runjanin would be first played in the streets of Zagreb in 1891 during the Croatian-Slavonian exhibit, so both men only achieved postmortem fame.[11] An obedient soldier, Runjanin was later made colonel.
In 1864 at the age of 43, Runjanin married the daughter of the pensioned captain Toma Perković.[12] As a representative of the First Banate regiment, he entered the Croatian Assembly in 1865.[12]
After retirement, Runjanin moved to Novi Sad where he died at the age of 57 on 2 February 1878 and was buried at the Serbian Orthodox cemetery.[13]
Legacy
There are several schools in Croatia named after Runjanin, most notably the Elementary Music School of Josip Runjanin (Osnovna glazbena škola Josipa Runjanina) in Vinkovci.[14]
Notes
- ^ His baptism record documents his given name as Josif, the Serbian variant of the given name Joseph. His name is often incorrectly spelled Josip, the Croatian variant of the name.[1] His surname comes from the name of the village Runjani in western Serbia, where the family of his ancestors came from.[2]
References
- ^ Pavkovic, Aleksandar; Kelen, Christopher (2016). Anthems and the Making of Nation States: Identity and Nationalism in the Balkans. London, England: Bloomsbury. p. 223, note 6. ISBN 978-0-85772-642-1.
- ^ Mitrić, Vladimir. "Runjani - za ponos Srbije: Poreklom iz ovog sela srpski kompozitor Josif Runjanin, a ovde rođena i majka Tomanije Obrenović". novosti.rs. Retrieved 31 January 2020.
- ^ Kuzmanovic, Jasminka (15 August 1995). "After Centuries of Coexistence, End of Serb Community in Croatia". Associated Press. Retrieved 8 December 2018.
A Serb, Josip Runjanin, composed Croatia's national anthem.
- ^ Rihtman-Auguštin, Dunja (1999). "A Croatian Controversy: Mediterranean–Danube–Balkans". Narodna Umjetnost. 36 (2): 116. ISSN 0547-2504.
- ^ Mark Biondich (2005). "Croatia". In Richard C. Frucht (ed.). Eastern Europe: An Introduction to the People, Lands, and Culture. Vol. 1. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. p. 419. ISBN 978-1-57607-800-6.
- ^ a b Runjanin, Josip (in Croatian). Miroslav Krleža Lexicographical Institute. Retrieved 15 September 2014.
- ^ a b Šarčević, Josip (7 April 2008). "Josip Runjanin (Josif)". Hrvatski povijesni portal. Prelog: Inter nos. ISSN 1846-4432. Retrieved 5 December 2015.
- ^ Tomasović, Mirko (20 March 2003). "Vrsni katalog emocija i epiteta (Runjanin i Donizetti)" [An excellent catalog of emotions and epithets (Runjanin and Donizetti)]. Vijenac (236). Matica hrvatska.
- ^ (in Croatian) ZAMP Baza autora: Ljubimo te naša diko (Hrvati svome banu)
- ^ (in Croatian) Republika. Page 41, note 2
- ^ "Josip Runjanin". Na današnji dan - 12. prosinca (in Croatian). Croatian Radiotelevision. Archived from the original on 2016-03-05.
- ^ a b biografije.org. "Josip Runjanin". Biografije. Archived from the original on 2008-05-26.
- ^ Kovačević, Snežana. "Kompozitor "Lijepe naše" počiva na novosadskom pravoslavnom groblju". Politika Online. Retrieved 2020-02-22.
- ^ "Josip Runjanin" (in Croatian). Vinkovci: Josip Runjanin Music School. 13 May 2014. Archived from the original on 7 September 2021. Retrieved 31 May 2016.
External links
- Serbs of Vinkovci at the Wayback Machine (archive index)