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* In [[pharmacology]], kappa represents a type of [[opioid receptor]]. |
* In [[pharmacology]], kappa represents a type of [[opioid receptor]]. |
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* Kappa statistics such as [[Cohen's kappa]] and [[Fleiss' kappa]] are methods for calculating [[inter-rater reliability]]. |
* Kappa statistics such as [[Cohen's kappa]] and [[Fleiss' kappa]] are methods for calculating [[inter-rater reliability]]. |
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* In [[Twitch_(website)]], Kappa is an emoticon based on a former Twitch.tv employee. It represents sarcasm, irony, puns, jokes when used in a livestream chat. |
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Upper-case letter Κ is used as a symbol for: |
Upper-case letter Κ is used as a symbol for: |
Revision as of 10:21, 13 August 2014
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![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Greek_lowercase_kappa_variant.svg/75px-Greek_lowercase_kappa_variant.svg.png)
Kappa (uppercase Κ, lowercase κ or ϰ; Greek: κάππα) is the 10th letter of the Greek alphabet, used to represent the k sound in Ancient and Modern Greek. In the system of Greek numerals it has a value of 20. It was derived from the Phoenician letter kaph . Letters that arose from kappa include the Roman K and Cyrillic К.
Greek proper names and placenames containing kappa are often written in English with "c" due to their transliteration into the Latin alphabet by ancient Romans. However, transliterations of the modern Greek language invariably use the letter "k".[citation needed] Compare Κυνοσκεφαλαι, Cynoscephalae (ancient placename); [κυνος κεφαλαι, kunos kephalai] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) (phrase), meaning "dog's heads". In mathematics, the kappa curve is named after this letter; the tangents of this curve were first calculated by Barrow (17th century).
Symbol
- In graph theory, the connectivity of a graph is given by κ.
- In differential geometry, the curvature of a curve is given by κ.
- In physics, the torsional constant of an oscillator is given by κ as well as Einstein constant of gravitation.
- In fluid dynamics, the von Kármán constant is represented by κ.
- In structural engineering, κ is the ratio of the smaller factored moment to the larger factored moment and is used to calculate the critical elastic moment of an unbraced steel member.
- In electrical engineering, κ is the multiplication factor, a function of the R/X ratio of the equivalent power system network, which is used in calculating the peak short-circuit current of a system fault. κ is also used to notate conductivity, the reciprocal of resistivity, rho.
- In Thermodynamics, the compressibility of a compound is given by κ.
- In psychology and psychiatry, kappa represents a measure of diagnostic reliability.
- In biology, kappa and kappa prime are important nucleotide motifs for a tertiary interaction of group II introns.
- In biology, kappa designates a subtype of an antibody component.
- In pharmacology, kappa represents a type of opioid receptor.
- Kappa statistics such as Cohen's kappa and Fleiss' kappa are methods for calculating inter-rater reliability.
- In Twitch_(website), Kappa is an emoticon based on a former Twitch.tv employee. It represents sarcasm, irony, puns, jokes when used in a livestream chat.
Upper-case letter Κ is used as a symbol for:
- In textual criticism, the Byzantine text-type (from Κοινη, Koine, the common text).
- In set theory, kappa is often used to denote an ordinal that is also a cardinal.
Character Encodings
- Greek Kappa / Coptic Kapa
Preview | Κ | κ | ϰ | Ⲕ | ⲕ | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unicode name | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER KAPPA | GREEK SMALL LETTER KAPPA | GREEK KAPPA SYMBOL | COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER KAPA | COPTIC SMALL LETTER KAPA | |||||
Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex |
Unicode | 922 | U+039A | 954 | U+03BA | 1008 | U+03F0 | 11412 | U+2C94 | 11413 | U+2C95 |
UTF-8 | 206 154 | CE 9A | 206 186 | CE BA | 207 176 | CF B0 | 226 178 148 | E2 B2 94 | 226 178 149 | E2 B2 95 |
Numeric character reference | Κ |
Κ |
κ |
κ |
ϰ |
ϰ |
Ⲕ |
Ⲕ |
ⲕ |
ⲕ |
Named character reference | Κ | κ | ϰ, ϰ | |||||||
DOS Greek | 137 | 89 | 161 | A1 | ||||||
DOS Greek-2 | 181 | B5 | 228 | E4 | ||||||
Windows 1253 | 202 | CA | 234 | EA | ||||||
TeX | \kappa |
- Mathematical Kappa
Preview | 𝚱 | 𝛋 | 𝛞 | 𝛫 | 𝜅 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unicode name | MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL KAPPA |
MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL KAPPA |
MATHEMATICAL BOLD KAPPA SYMBOL |
MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL KAPPA |
MATHEMATICAL ITALIC SMALL KAPPA | |||||
Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex |
Unicode | 120497 | U+1D6B1 | 120523 | U+1D6CB | 120542 | U+1D6DE | 120555 | U+1D6EB | 120581 | U+1D705 |
UTF-8 | 240 157 154 177 | F0 9D 9A B1 | 240 157 155 139 | F0 9D 9B 8B | 240 157 155 158 | F0 9D 9B 9E | 240 157 155 171 | F0 9D 9B AB | 240 157 156 133 | F0 9D 9C 85 |
UTF-16 | 55349 57009 | D835 DEB1 | 55349 57035 | D835 DECB | 55349 57054 | D835 DEDE | 55349 57067 | D835 DEEB | 55349 57093 | D835 DF05 |
Numeric character reference | 𝚱 |
𝚱 |
𝛋 |
𝛋 |
𝛞 |
𝛞 |
𝛫 |
𝛫 |
𝜅 |
𝜅 |
Preview | 𝜘 | 𝜥 | 𝜿 | 𝝒 | 𝝟 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unicode name | MATHEMATICAL ITALIC KAPPA SYMBOL |
MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL KAPPA |
MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC SMALL KAPPA |
MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC KAPPA SYMBOL |
MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD CAPITAL KAPPA | |||||
Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex |
Unicode | 120600 | U+1D718 | 120613 | U+1D725 | 120639 | U+1D73F | 120658 | U+1D752 | 120671 | U+1D75F |
UTF-8 | 240 157 156 152 | F0 9D 9C 98 | 240 157 156 165 | F0 9D 9C A5 | 240 157 156 191 | F0 9D 9C BF | 240 157 157 146 | F0 9D 9D 92 | 240 157 157 159 | F0 9D 9D 9F |
UTF-16 | 55349 57112 | D835 DF18 | 55349 57125 | D835 DF25 | 55349 57151 | D835 DF3F | 55349 57170 | D835 DF52 | 55349 57183 | D835 DF5F |
Numeric character reference | 𝜘 |
𝜘 |
𝜥 |
𝜥 |
𝜿 |
𝜿 |
𝝒 |
𝝒 |
𝝟 |
𝝟 |
Preview | 𝝹 | 𝞌 | 𝞙 | 𝞳 | 𝟆 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unicode name | MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD SMALL KAPPA |
MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD KAPPA SYMBOL |
MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL KAPPA |
MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC SMALL KAPPA |
MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC KAPPA SYMBOL | |||||
Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex |
Unicode | 120697 | U+1D779 | 120716 | U+1D78C | 120729 | U+1D799 | 120755 | U+1D7B3 | 120774 | U+1D7C6 |
UTF-8 | 240 157 157 185 | F0 9D 9D B9 | 240 157 158 140 | F0 9D 9E 8C | 240 157 158 153 | F0 9D 9E 99 | 240 157 158 179 | F0 9D 9E B3 | 240 157 159 134 | F0 9D 9F 86 |
UTF-16 | 55349 57209 | D835 DF79 | 55349 57228 | D835 DF8C | 55349 57241 | D835 DF99 | 55349 57267 | D835 DFB3 | 55349 57286 | D835 DFC6 |
Numeric character reference | 𝝹 |
𝝹 |
𝞌 |
𝞌 |
𝞙 |
𝞙 |
𝞳 |
𝞳 |
𝟆 |
𝟆 |
These characters are used only as mathematical symbols. Stylized Greek text should be encoded using the normal Greek letters, with markup and formatting to indicate text style.