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{{other uses|Kumanovo (Pirot)}} |
{{other uses|Kumanovo (Pirot)}} |
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{{distinguish|Kumamoto}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date= |
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}} |
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{{Infobox settlement |
{{Infobox settlement |
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| name = Kumanovo |
| name = Kumanovo |
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| native_name = {{ |
| native_name = {{native name|mk|Куманово|italics=off}}<br />{{native name|sq|Кumanovë}} |
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| native_name_lang = |
| native_name_lang = |
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| settlement_type = [[List of cities in North Macedonia|Town]] |
| settlement_type = [[List of cities in North Macedonia|Town]] |
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| image_skyline |
| image_skyline = {{Photomontage|position=center |
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|photo1a = Куманово.jpg |
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| image_alt = |
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|photo2a = Татар Синан Бег Џамија“ 17.jpg |
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| image_caption = <small>Memorial Ossuary</small> |
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|photo2b = View of St. Nikola church in Kumanovo.JPG |
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|photo3a = The square of Kumanovo.JPG |
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| flag_alt = |
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|photo3b = Kumanovo square 3.JPG |
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| image_seal = Coat of arms of Kumanovo Municipality.svg |
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|photo4a = „Спомен костурница“ 11.jpg |
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| seal_alt = |
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|photo4b = Zebrnjak, Kumanovo 01.JPG |
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| image_shield = |
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|size = 270 |
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| shield_alt = |
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|spacing = 1 |
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| etymology = |
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|color = #FFFFFF |
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| nickname = Kumanovska Republika |
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|border = 1 |
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| motto = |
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|foot_montage = }} |
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| image_map = Kumanovo Municipality.svg |
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| image_alt = |
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| image_caption = <small>Kumanovo</small> |
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| image_flag = Flag of Kumanovo Municipality.svg |
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| flag_alt = |
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| image_seal = Coat of arms of Kumanovo Municipality.svg |
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| pushpin_map_caption = Location of Kumanovo within [[North Macedonia]] |
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| seal_alt = |
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| coordinates = {{coord|42|08|09|N|21|43|05|E|region:MK|display=inline}} |
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| image_shield = |
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| shield_alt = |
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| coordinates_footnotes = |
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| etymology = |
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| nickname = Kumanovska Republika (Kumanovo Republic) |
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| subdivision_name = [[North Macedonia]] |
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| motto = |
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| subdivision_type1 = [[Statistical regions of North Macedonia|Region]] |
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| image_map = Kumanovo Municipality.svg |
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| subdivision_name1 = [[Northeastern Statistical Region|Northeastern]] |
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| map_alt = |
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| subdivision_type2 = [[Municipalities of North Macedonia|Municipality]] |
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| map_caption = Map of Kumanovo |
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| pushpin_map = North Macedonia#Balkans |
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| established_title = Founded |
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| pushpin_map_alt = |
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| pushpin_map_caption = Location of Kumanovo within [[North Macedonia]] |
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| established_title2 = Incorporated |
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| coordinates = {{coord|42|08|09|N|21|43|05|E|region:MK|display=inline titleline}} |
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| established_date2 = 1519 |
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| coor_pinpoint = |
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| coordinates_footnotes = |
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| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]] |
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| subdivision_name = {{NMK}} |
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| subdivision_type1 = [[Statistical Regions of North Macedonia|Region]] |
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| government_footnotes = |
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| subdivision_name1 = [[File:Logo of Northeastern Region, North Macedonia.svg|13px]] [[Northeastern Statistical Region|Northeastern]] |
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| government_type = Town Assembly |
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| subdivision_type2 = [[Municipalities of North Macedonia|Municipality]] |
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| subdivision_name2 = [[File:Coat of arms of Kumanovo Municipality.svg|13px]] [[Kumanovo Municipality|Kumanovo]] |
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| established_title = Founded |
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| established_date = 1096 |
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| established_title2 = Incorporated |
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| established_date2 = 1519 |
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| founder = |
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| named_for = tribe [[Cumans]] |
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| seat_type = |
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| seat = |
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| government_footnotes = |
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| government_type = Town Assembly |
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| leader_party = [[Independent politician|Independent]] |
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| leader_title = [[List of mayors of Kumanovo|Mayor]] |
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| leader_name = [[Maksim Dimitrievski]] |
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| leader_title1 = Town Council |
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| leader_name1 = {{collapsible list|bullets=yes |
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| title = Members |
| title = Members |
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| 1 = |
| 1 = Ivana Gjorgjievska – Council President |
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| 2 = |
| 2 = |
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| 3 = |
| 3 = |
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| 9 = |
| 9 = |
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}} |
}} |
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| unit_pref = Metric |
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| unit_pref = Metric |
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<!-- ALL fields with measurements have automatic unit conversion --> |
<!-- ALL fields with measurements have automatic unit conversion --> |
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<!-- for references: use <ref> tags --> |
<!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->| area_footnotes = |
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| area_note = |
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| area_water_percent = |
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| area_rank = <!-- square kilometers --> |
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| area_water_percent = |
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| area_total_km2 = 509.48 |
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| area_land_km2 = |
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<!-- square kilometers --> |
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| area_water_km2 = <!-- hectares --> |
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| elevation_footnotes = |
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| elevation_m = 340 |
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| population_as_of = 2021 |
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<!-- hectares --> |
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| population_footnotes = |
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| population_total = 75,051 |
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| population_metro = 98,104 |
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| population_density_km2 = 207.04 |
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| population_footnotes = |
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| population_demonym = Kumanovec Kumanovar |
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| timezone1 = [[Central European Time|CET]] |
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| population_metro = 105,484 |
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| utc_offset1 = +1 |
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| population_density_km2 = 207.04 |
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| timezone1_DST = |
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| utc_offset1_DST = |
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| postal_code_type = Postal codes |
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| postal_code = 1300 |
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| area_code_type = |
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| area_code = +389 (0) 31 |
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| iso_code = |
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| blank_name = Car plates |
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| blank_info = KU |
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| blank1_name = Patron saints |
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| blank1_info = [[St. George]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbcamerica.com/anglophenia/2014/04/five-facts-saint-george-saint-georges-day/|title=Five Facts About Saint George, For Saint George's Day - Anglophenia - BBC America|work=BBC America|access-date=7 May 2016}}</ref> |
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| iso_code = |
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| blank2_name = Date of Liberation |
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| blank2_info = 11 November 1945 |
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| blank3_name = [[Köppen climate classification|Climate]] |
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| blank3_info = [[Humid subtropical climate|Cfa]] |
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|blank1_info = [[St. George]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbcamerica.com/anglophenia/2014/04/five-facts-saint-george-saint-georges-day/|title=Five Facts About Saint George, For Saint George’s Day - Anglophenia - BBC America|work=BBC America|accessdate=7 May 2016}}</ref> |
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| website = {{URL|kumanovo.gov.mk}} |
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|blank2_name = Date of Liberation |
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| footnotes = |
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|blank3_name = [[Köppen climate classification|Climate]] |
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|blank3_info = [[Humid subtropical climate|Cfa]] |
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| website = {{URL|kumanovo.gov.mk}} |
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| footnotes = |
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}} |
}} |
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'''Kumanovo''' ({{lang-mk|Куманово}} {{IPA-mk|kuˈmanɔvɔ||Mk-Kumanovo.ogg}} {{sq|Kumanovë}} |
'''Kumanovo''' ({{lang-mk|Куманово}} {{IPA-mk|kuˈmanɔvɔ||Mk-Kumanovo.ogg}}; {{sq|Kumanovë}}, {{lang-sq-definite|Kumanova}}; also known by other [[#Etymology|alternative names]]<!-- Please maintain the naming conventions [[WP:PLACE#General_guidelines]]#2.The lead and [[WP:ALTNAME#Separate_section_usage]] and don't add alternative English or unofficial foreign names here-->) is a city in [[North Macedonia]] and the seat of [[Kumanovo Municipality]], the [[List of municipalities in the Republic of Macedonia by population|largest municipality]] in the country. Kumanovo lies {{convert|340|m|0|abbr=off}} [[Above mean sea level|above sea level]] and is surrounded by the Karadag part of [[Skopska Crna Gora]] mountain on its western side, [[Gradištanska]] mountain on its southern side, and [[Mangovica]] and German mountain on the Eastern side. [[Skopje International Airport|Skopje airport]] also serves Kumanovo. |
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It has many historical sites. One of the most important sites is the 4,000-year-old megalithic astronomical observatory of [[Kokino]], located {{convert|30|km|0|abbr=on}} northeast of Kumanovo and discovered in 2001. It is ranked fourth on the list of old observatories by [[NASA]]. |
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In 1912, during the [[First Balkan War]], [[Kingdom of Serbia|Serbian]] forces won a decisive victory over the Ottomans north of the town. The two-day [[Battle of Kumanovo]] ended Ottoman authority in [[Vardar Macedonia]] which contributed to the region's integration into Serbia, and consequently, into [[Yugoslavia]]. The entire [[Macedonia (region)|region of Macedonia]] was split in three among Serbia, Greece and Bulgaria after the [[Treaty of Bucharest (1913)|Treaty of Bucharest]] in 1913. |
In 1912, during the [[First Balkan War]], [[Kingdom of Serbia|Serbian]] forces won a decisive victory over the Ottomans north of the town. The two-day [[Battle of Kumanovo]] ended Ottoman authority in [[Vardar Macedonia]] which contributed to the region's integration into Serbia, and consequently, into [[Yugoslavia]]. The entire [[Macedonia (region)|region of Macedonia]] was split in three among Serbia, Greece and Bulgaria after the [[Treaty of Bucharest (1913)|Treaty of Bucharest]] in 1913. |
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The rapid economic, administrative and cultural expansion of Kumanovo began in 1945. |
The rapid economic, administrative and cultural expansion of Kumanovo began in 1945. It was the site of the 9 June 1999 Agreement signed between FR Yugoslav Generals and the NATO Generals about bringing in a NATO peacekeeping contingent in Kosovo called, the Kosovo Force, or KFOR ([[Kumanovo Agreement]]). The town's metal-processing, tobacco, agriculture, footwear and textile industries have made it an economic, trading and cultural center of approximately 135,529 people. It is internationally known for a jazz festival hosting bands from all over the world. |
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==Etymology== |
==Etymology== |
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The name of the city in [[Macedonian language|Macedonian]], [[Serbian language|Serbian]] and [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]] |
The name of the city in [[Macedonian language|Macedonian]], [[Serbian language|Serbian]] and [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]] is ''Kumanovo'' (Куманово). The name in [[Albanian language|Albanian]] is ''Kumanovë'' or ''Kumanova''. Kumanovo is known as {{lang|rup|Cumanuva}} in [[Aromanian language|Aromanian]].<ref>[https://repository.ukim.mk/bitstream/20.500.12188/6782/1/The_war_of_numbers_and_its_first_victim.pdf The War of Numbers and its First Victim: The Aromanians in Macedonia (End of 19th – Beginning of 20th century)]</ref> ''Kumanovo'' derives from the name of the [[Cumans]], a western branch of [[Kipchak people|Kipchaks]], the tribe that settled in the area in the early 12th century.<ref>Здружение на професори по географија на Северна Македонија „Проф. Д-р Љубе Миленковски“- Скопје, Филип Ѓошевски, [https://www.geograf.mk/clenovite-pishuvaat/995-kumanichevo-edno-ischeznato-selo-vo-kumanovskiot-kraj Куманичево - едно исчезнато село во Кумановскиот крај.]</ref><ref>Victor Spinei (2009) The Romanians and the Turkic Nomads North of the Danube Delta from the Tenth to the Mid-Thirteenth Century, Brill, {{ISBN|9789047428800}}, p. 317.</ref><ref>Mykola Melnyk (2022) Byzantium and the Pechenegs. The Historiography of the Problem. Brill, {{ISBN|9789004505223}}, p. 180.</ref> |
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[[File:Municipality of Kumanovo.jpg|thumb|The Municipal Building in Kumanovo (built as an Ottoman police station)]] |
[[File:Municipality of Kumanovo.jpg|thumb|The Municipal Building in Kumanovo (built as an Ottoman police station)]] |
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| Dec precipitation mm =48 |
| Dec precipitation mm =48 |
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| source = Climate-Data.org |
| source = Climate-Data.org<ref name="Climate-Data.org">{{cite web |
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|url= https://en.climate-data.org/location/4301/ |
|url= https://en.climate-data.org/location/4301/ |
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|title= Climate: Kumanovo |
|title= Climate: Kumanovo |
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|publisher= Climate-Data.org |
|publisher= Climate-Data.org |
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|access-date= |
|access-date=18 January 2018}}</ref> |
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}} |
}} |
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===Neighbourhoods=== |
===Neighbourhoods=== |
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* Goce Delčev, |
* Goce Delčev, |
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* Zelen |
* Zelen Rid, |
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* Pero Čičo (Banevo Trlo), |
* Pero Čičo (Banevo Trlo), |
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* Karpoš (Rajkova Kuka), |
* Karpoš (Rajkova Kuka), |
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*Ajdučka Češma, |
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* Sokolana, |
* Sokolana, |
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* |
* Igo Tričkovik (Pukovsko), |
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* Vera Kotorka (Dobrošane), |
* Vera Kotorka (Dobrošane), |
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* Bedinje, |
* Bedinje, |
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* Srbo Tomovik, |
* Srbo Tomovik, |
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* Tode Mendol, |
* Tode Mendol, |
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* Karaorman |
* Karaorman |
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* Pero Čičo, |
* Pero Čičo, |
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* Esperanto, |
* Esperanto, |
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''Veleshka Maalo'' (or Veleshko Maalo) is an old neighbourhood of Kumanovo. The name comes from the merchants from the town of Veles, who passed through the neighbourhood to sell their products by the rivers [[Vardar]] and [[Pčinja (river)|Pchinja]], and the Konjarinja villages Studena, Bara and Krasta. The main street, which today is named Narodna Revolucija, was their shortest way to the center of the city. |
''Veleshka Maalo'' (or Veleshko Maalo) is an old neighbourhood of Kumanovo. The name comes from the merchants from the town of Veles, who passed through the neighbourhood to sell their products by the rivers [[Vardar]] and [[Pčinja (river)|Pchinja]], and the Konjarinja villages Studena, Bara and Krasta. The main street, which today is named Narodna Revolucija, was their shortest way to the center of the city. |
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''Karapsko maalo'' was located across today's south side of Goce Delchev High School through to the end of Mosha Pijade street. The name of the neighborhood came from the [[Ottomans]]. Every house in the neighborhood had a yard; neighboring yard were connected with doors, used by anyone chased by the Ottomans. [[Macedonians (ethnic group)|Macedonians]], komits and revolutionaries used this scheme to escape to the towns outskirts and the town itself. The Ottomans called it the ''dark'' or the ''secret'' neighborhood. |
''Karapsko maalo'' was located across today's south side of Goce Delchev High School through to the end of Mosha Pijade street. The name of the neighborhood came from the [[Ottoman Turks|Ottomans]]. Every house in the neighborhood had a yard; neighboring yard were connected with doors, used by anyone chased by the Ottomans. [[Macedonians (ethnic group)|Macedonians]], komits and revolutionaries used this scheme to escape to the towns outskirts and the town itself. The Ottomans called it the ''dark'' or the ''secret'' neighborhood. |
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Also, |
Also, |
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The military base ''Boro Menkov''<ref>[http://daily.mk/makedonija/besimi-vo-poseta-na-kumanovskata-kasarna-boro-menkovArtical about MB Boro Menkov]{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (''Macedonian'')</ref> is one of the military installations of [[Army of the Republic of Macedonia|ARM]] in Kumanovo. The base was established by the [[Yugoslav People's Army|JNA]]. |
The military base ''Boro Menkov''<ref>[http://daily.mk/makedonija/besimi-vo-poseta-na-kumanovskata-kasarna-boro-menkovArtical about MB Boro Menkov]{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (''Macedonian'')</ref> is one of the military installations of [[Army of the Republic of Macedonia|ARM]] in Kumanovo. The base was established by the [[Yugoslav People's Army|JNA]]. |
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MB ''Hristijan Todorovski Karposh'' is the second base in Kumanovo, it was also established by the [[Yugoslav People's Army|JNA]] and was inherited by the [[Army of the Republic of Macedonia|ARM]]. Today, part of the installation is converted into a |
MB ''Hristijan Todorovski Karposh'' is the second base in Kumanovo, it was also established by the [[Yugoslav People's Army|JNA]] and was inherited by the [[Army of the Republic of Macedonia|ARM]]. Today, part of the installation is converted into a university,<ref>[http://www.dnevnik.mk/?ItemID=9202B27D1160C74DBBF97FA483163BC8 Article about the MB H.T. Karposh] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416164451/http://www.dnevnik.mk/?ItemID=9202B27D1160C74DBBF97FA483163BC8 |date=16 April 2015 }} (''Macedonian'')</ref> and another part was inherited by the Ministry of Interior.<ref>[http://kanal5.com.mk/vesti_detail.asp?ID=17709 Article about the MVR takeover of MB H.T. Karposh] (''Macedonia'')</ref> There was an idea of turning the base into an economic industrial zone.<ref>[http://star.utrinski.com.mk/?pBroj=2134&stID=73133&pR=6 Article about the Economic zone Idea] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416164436/http://star.utrinski.com.mk/?pBroj=2134&stID=73133&pR=6 |date=16 April 2015 }} (''Macedonia'')</ref> |
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In Kumanovo's ''Elezov kamen'' area there is also a Military Warehouse Base that operates today. |
In Kumanovo's ''Elezov kamen'' area there is also a Military Warehouse Base that operates today. |
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===Police station=== |
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Kumanovo has a police station, under the Ministry of Internal Affairs. The current police chief is Stojanče Veličkovikj.<ref>{{cite web| title=Сектор за внатрешни работи – Куманово | url=https://mvr.gov.mk/vest2/48}}</ref> |
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==History== |
==History== |
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** [[Jovan Dragaš|Jovan]] and |
** [[Jovan Dragaš|Jovan]] and |
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** [[Konstantin Dragaš|Konstantin]]. |
** [[Konstantin Dragaš|Konstantin]]. |
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In this time, the Kumanovo region (old Žegligovo) received its geographical location and certain settlement picture.<ref>Srpsko geografsko društvo 1972, p. 123: {{ |
In this time, the Kumanovo region (old Žegligovo) received its geographical location and certain settlement picture.<ref>Srpsko geografsko društvo 1972, p. 123: {{blockquote|Ти помени већим делом налазе се у даровним повељама српских давалаца: краља Милутина, цара Сте- фана Душана, севастократа Дејана, Јевдокије Дејановић2', Дејано- вих синова – браће деспота Драгаша и "господина" Константина. Као што се зна, тада је ова област – старо Жеглигово до- била учвршћен географски положај и одрећену насеобинску слику}}</ref> |
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According to a charter of the monastery of [[Arhiljevica]] dated 1355, ''sevastokrator'' [[Dejan (nobleman)|Dejan]] held a major [[Domain of the Dejanović family|domain (''oblast'')]] east of [[Skopska Crna Gora]]. It included the old ''[[župe]]'' (counties) of [[Žegligovo (župa)|Žegligovo]] and [[Preševo (župa)|Preševo]] (modern Kumanovo region with [[Sredorek (Roma neighbourhood)|Sredorek]] and [[Kozjačija]]).<ref>Историско друштво НР Србије 1951, p. 20: {{ |
According to a charter of the monastery of [[Arhiljevica]] dated 1355, ''sevastokrator'' [[Dejan (nobleman)|Dejan]] held a major [[Domain of the Dejanović family|domain (''oblast'')]] east of [[Skopska Crna Gora]]. It included the old ''[[župe]]'' (counties) of [[Žegligovo (župa)|Žegligovo]] and [[Preševo (župa)|Preševo]] (modern Kumanovo region with [[Sredorek (Roma neighbourhood)|Sredorek]] and [[Kozjačija]]).<ref>Историско друштво НР Србије 1951, p. 20: {{blockquote|према повељи манастиру богоро- дичимог ваведења у Архиљевици,50 држао као своју баштину пространу област иеточно од Скопске Црне Горе. Она је обухватала старе жупе Прешево и Жеглигово (данас кумановски крај са Средореком, Козјачијом}}</ref> |
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===Ottoman period=== |
===Ottoman period=== |
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The town was |
The town was mentioned in 1530 according to registry of Turkish Devlet Arşivleri as a village in Nogoriçe town, within Kaza of İştip. It was founded by Turkish colonists from Asia Minor and initially was settled by Turks and later by Muslim Albanians. Slavic population entered the town in the late 18th century but its number rose just during early 19th century.<ref>Rozita Dimova, Ethno-Baroque: Materiality, Aesthetics and Conflict in Modern-Day Macedonia, Berghahn Books, 2013, {{ISBN|1782380418}}, p. 97.</ref> [[Evliya Çelebi]] described it in 1660–61: "The colony of Kumanovo is situated on the territory of the [[Sanjak of Skopje|Skopje sanjak]] and represents one county. The city is embellished with many rivers and 600 tile-roofs houses. The [[mosque]] in the downtown is beautiful, there are tekke, [[madrassa]], [[Turkish bath|hammam]], a number of shops and water mills; and the climate is pleasant and agreeable. There are many vineyards and gardens".<ref>Македонските градови во турско време, Зоран Сенев, Киро Герасимов, Кочани, 2004, стр.50</ref> |
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[[File:Karposh memory table Skopje.JPG|thumb|240px|Commemoration plaque at Skopje dedicated to Karposh's Rebellion.]] |
[[File:Karposh memory table Skopje.JPG|thumb|240px|Commemoration plaque at Skopje dedicated to Karposh's Rebellion.]] |
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In 1689, Karposh, a [[hajduks|brigand commander]] in the region of [[Dospat]] (present-day [[Bulgaria]]), who served as an Ottoman Christian auxiliary force commander, took advantage of the weakening of the Ottomans and discontent that arose concerning higher Ottoman taxation policies, and organized a revolt while [[Austria]] staged an attack on the Ottomans. [[Karposh's Rebellion]] quickly spread, resulting in the liberation of [[Kratovo, Republic of Macedonia|Kratovo]], [[Kriva Palanka]], Kumanovo, [[Kačanik]] and other towns. Then, together with the Austrian army led by Emperor [[Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor|Leopold I]], the local Christian population fought to liberate [[Skopje]] and [[Štip]]. Later changes in the military and political situation in the Balkans had crucial downwards effect on the revolt. The Austrian army was forced to withdraw and the reinforced Ottomans attacked the rebels, taking Kriva Palanka, the rebel stronghold, and then attacked Kumanovo and its newly constructed fortress, where they captured Karposh and put him to death on the [[Stone Bridge (Skopje)|Stone Bridge]] across the Vardar. |
In 1689, Karposh, a [[hajduks|brigand commander]] in the region of [[Dospat]] (present-day [[Bulgaria]]), who served as an Ottoman Christian auxiliary force commander, took advantage of the weakening of the Ottomans and discontent that arose concerning higher Ottoman taxation policies, and organized a revolt while [[Austria]] staged an attack on the Ottomans. [[Karposh's Rebellion]] quickly spread, resulting in the liberation of [[Kratovo, Republic of Macedonia|Kratovo]], [[Kriva Palanka]], Kumanovo, [[Kačanik]] and other towns. Then, together with the Austrian army led by Emperor [[Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor|Leopold I]], the local Christian population fought to liberate [[Skopje]] and [[Štip]]. Later changes in the military and political situation in the Balkans had crucial downwards effect on the revolt. The Austrian army was forced to withdraw and the reinforced Ottomans attacked the rebels, taking Kriva Palanka, the rebel stronghold, and then attacked Kumanovo and its newly constructed fortress, where they captured Karposh and put him to death on the [[Stone Bridge (Skopje)|Stone Bridge]] across the Vardar. |
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Kumanovo became an urban settlement and administrative center of the region at the end of the 16th century or the beginning of the 17th century. Following the turbulent events ( |
Kumanovo became an urban settlement and administrative center of the region at the end of the 16th century or the beginning of the 17th century. Following the turbulent events (including the Karpoš Uprising in 1689) the city experienced a period of stagnation, and by the end of 18th century Kumanovo epitomized an Ottoman provincial town. |
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In an 1861 book [[Austrians|Austrian]] diplomat [[Johann Georg von Hahn]] stated that the town had 650 dwellings, of which 300 were Muslim and 350 were Christian Bulgarian, in addition to 30 Gypsy in the outskirts, while the total population of the town was 3,500.<ref>[[Johann Georg von Hahn]]: ''Reise von Belgrad nach Salonik''. Viena: 1861</ref> |
In an 1861 book [[Austrians|Austrian]] diplomat [[Johann Georg von Hahn]] stated that the town had 650 dwellings, of which 300 were Muslim and 350 were Christian Bulgarian, in addition to 30 Gypsy in the outskirts, while the total population of the town was 3,500.<ref>[[Johann Georg von Hahn]]: ''Reise von Belgrad nach Salonik''. Viena: 1861</ref> |
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The [[Kumanovo Uprising]], led by Serb district chiefs of Kumanovo and surrounding districts, was active from |
The [[Kumanovo Uprising]], led by Serb district chiefs of Kumanovo and surrounding districts, was active from 20 January to 20 May 1878 (4 months). The chiefs swore oath in the local church and appealed to Prince [[Milan IV of Serbia]] to aid the uprising, and they pledged their devotion and loyalty, and union with Serbia. The rebels were finally defeated by brigadier-general [[Hafuz Pasha]]. |
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[[File:IMARO Kumanovo Seals.JPG|thumb|50px|right|IMRO Kumanovo Seals]] |
[[File:IMARO Kumanovo Seals.JPG|thumb|50px|right|IMRO Kumanovo Seals]] |
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The Skopje Revolutionary district of the [[Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization]] (IMRO) decided in 1894 that it would organize a committee in Kumanovo, which was later established in the house of Jordan Jovčev, member of the local Bulgarian school board.<ref>Николов, Борис Й. Вътрешна македоно-одринска революционна организация : Войводи и ръководители (1893-1934) Биографично-библиографски справочник. София, Издателство "Звезди", 2001. {{ISBN| 954-9514-28-5}}, с. 67.</ref> The committee included also the chief Bulgarian teacher in the town Iliya Levkov,<ref>ЦДА, ф. 246, оп.1, а.е. 211, л. 26. Списък на градските екзархийски учители в Скопската епархия през учебната 1901 – 1902 год. с означение заплатата им, бележки по тяхната деятелност и мнение какво да се прави с всекиго през идущата 1902/3 уч. година.</ref> the secretary of the Bulgarian metropolitan deputy Traiche Mitev,<ref> Николай Тодоров, Освободителната борба на българите в Македония и Одринско, 1902-1904, Наука и изкуство, 1978, стр. 209.</ref> priest Andon, his son and Bulgarian teacher Psaltir Popandontov,<ref>Пелтеков, Александър Г. Революционни дейци от Македония и Одринско. Второ допълнено издание. София, Орбел, 2014, {{ISBN| 9789544961022}}, с. 368.</ref> the merchant Zafir Tasev, elder of the Kumanovo Bulgarian community<ref>Матовъ, Д. Кратка разправия по етнографията на Македония. Периодическо списание XXXIV. София, Българско книжовно дружество, 1889. с. 682 - 683.</ref> the Bulgarian teacher Zafir Shaklev<ref>Настевъ, Хр. I-ия випускъ на Скопското българско мъѫко педагогическо училище. Илюстрация Илиндень XII (3) (113). София, Издание на Илинденската организация, мартъ 1940. с. 13.</ref> and Angel Prekodolka. They organized the assassination of Serbian priest Atanasije Petrovic.<ref>В. Илић, Српска четничка акција 1903-1912, Београд 2006, с. 48.</ref> |
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The Skopje Revolutionary district of the [[pro-Bulgarian]] [[Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization]] (IMRO) decided in 1894 that it would organize a committee in Kumanovo, which was later established in the house of Jordan Jovčev. Notable IMRO activists from Kumanovo include |
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* Jordan Ivanov, |
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* Jordan Jovčev, |
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* Metodij Stojanov, |
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* Zaharij Gjorev and |
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* Mihail Šumanov. |
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[[File:View of Kumanovo, c. 1913.png|thumb|right|200px|View of Kumanovo, c. 1913]] |
[[File:View of Kumanovo, c. 1913.png|thumb|right|200px|View of Kumanovo, c. 1913]] |
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===World War II=== |
===World War II=== |
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[[File:Spomenik na NOB(Kosturnica).JPG|thumb|100px|Second World War memorial - Kosturnica]] |
[[File:Spomenik na NOB(Kosturnica).JPG|thumb|100px|Second World War memorial - Kosturnica]] |
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The [[NLWM|communist resistance]] in Kumanovo and [[Prilep]] began on |
The [[NLWM|communist resistance]] in Kumanovo and [[Prilep]] began on 11 October 1941. The struggle ended with victory and formation of the Macedonian [[federated state]] within the Yugoslav Federation ([[SFRY]]). One of the famous partizans from Kumanovo was Hristijan Todorovski-Karpoš shown on the picture. After 1945 Kumanovo experienced fast economic, administrative and cultural development. |
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===Modern history=== |
===Modern history=== |
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It developed economically in the late 19th century (agriculture, handcrafts and trade). Still, industrial development occurred only at the end of the [[Second World War]]. The rapid economic, administrative and cultural expansion of Kumanovo began in 1945. Today, it is a modern city with approximately 100,000 inhabitants. It was also the site of the |
It developed economically in the late 19th century (agriculture, handcrafts and trade). Still, industrial development occurred only at the end of the [[Second World War]]. The rapid economic, administrative and cultural expansion of Kumanovo began in 1945. Today, it is a modern city with approximately 100,000 inhabitants. It was also the site of the 9 June 1999 Agreement signed between FR Yugoslav Generals and the NATO Generals about bringing in a NATO peacekeeping contingent in Kosovo called, the Kosovo Force, or KFOR ([[Kumanovo Agreement]]).<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/1999/06/10/MN82284.DTL | work=The San Francisco Chronicle | first1=Valerie | last1=Reitman | first2=Paul | last2=Richter | first3=John-Thor | last3=Dahlburg | title=Yugoslav, NATO Generals Sign Peace Agreement for Kosovo / Alliance will end air campaign when Serbian troops pull out | date=23 June 2011}}</ref> |
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===2001 Albanian insurgency and Inter-community relations=== |
===2001 Albanian insurgency and Inter-community relations=== |
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{{Main|Kumanovo shootings}} |
{{Main|Kumanovo shootings}} |
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During a [[police raid]] on 9 May 2015, a shootout erupted between [[Law enforcement in the Republic of Macedonia|Macedonian police forces]] and an armed group.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2015/05/10/europe/macedonia-police-raid-balkan-flashpoint/ |title=Gun battles in former ethnic flashpoint in Macedonia kill 5 police officers |publisher=[[CNN]] |date=11 May 2015 | |
The NLA had claimed responsibility for a grenade attack on Kumanovo's police station in late 2014.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ние стоиме зад нападот на полициските станици во Тетово и Куманово |url=http://vecer.mk/makedonija/nie-stoime-zad-napadot-na-policiskite-stanici-vo-tetovo-i-kumanovo |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170113045217/http://vecer.mk/makedonija/nie-stoime-zad-napadot-na-policiskite-stanici-vo-tetovo-i-kumanovo |archive-date=13 January 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> During a [[police raid]] on 9 May 2015, a shootout erupted between [[Law enforcement in the Republic of Macedonia|Macedonian police forces]] and an armed group.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2015/05/10/europe/macedonia-police-raid-balkan-flashpoint/ |title=Gun battles in former ethnic flashpoint in Macedonia kill 5 police officers |publisher=[[CNN]] |date=11 May 2015 |access-date=12 May 2015 |author=Vladimir Gjuzelov; Ben Brumfield}}</ref> Eight Macedonian policemen and 10 ethnic Albanians were killed, while 37 officers were wounded and hospitalized.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.novinite.com/articles/168596/Macedonia+Cuts+Number+of+%E2%80%98Armed+Group%E2%80%99+Members+Killed+in+Kumanovo|title=Macedonia Cuts Number of 'Armed Group' Members Killed in Kumanovo|work=novinite.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rtklive.com/?id=2&r=30831|title=Prokuroria konfirmon se në Kumanovë janë 10, jo 14 të vrarë|work=RTKlive.com}}</ref><ref name="rtklive.com">{{cite web |title=Zeka: Lista me të vrarët në Kumanovë është e pakonfirmuar |url=http://www.rtklive.com/?id=2&r=30700 |work=RTKlive.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-32695909|title=Macedonia charges 30 with terrorism after Kumanovo clashes|work=BBC News|date=11 May 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.yahoo.com/sixth-police-officer-dies-macedonia-clashes-001439329.html |title=NATO, EU urge 'restraint' as Macedonia clashes leave 22 dead |publisher=[[Yahoo News]] |work=[[Agence France-Presse]] |date=10 May 2015 |access-date=12 May 2015 |author=Atanasovski, Robert}}</ref> The attack ended on 10 May 2015 in an operation by the police and armed forces. Thirty men were arrested and charged with [[terrorism]] by Macedonian authorities.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.foxnews.com/world/2015/05/11/macedonia-charges-30-alleged-ethnic-albanian-militants-over-weekend-battle-that/ |title=Macedonia charges 30 alleged ethnic Albanian militants over weekend battle that killed 22 |publisher=[[Fox News]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=11 May 2015 |access-date=12 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150514131302/http://www.foxnews.com/world/2015/05/11/macedonia-charges-30-alleged-ethnic-albanian-militants-over-weekend-battle-that/ |archive-date=14 May 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |
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==Economy== |
==Economy== |
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===Air Travel=== |
===Air Travel=== |
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[[Skopje |
[[Skopje International Airport]] is {{convert|20|km|0|abbr=on}} south of Kumanovo. |
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The [[European route E75|E-75]] motorway is accessible from Kumanovo. |
The [[European route E75|E-75]] motorway is accessible from Kumanovo. |
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Line 371: | Line 378: | ||
[[Sofia Airport]] is {{convert|190|km|0|abbr=on}} from the city and [[Thessaloniki International Airport]] is {{convert|240|km|0|abbr=on}}. |
[[Sofia Airport]] is {{convert|190|km|0|abbr=on}} from the city and [[Thessaloniki International Airport]] is {{convert|240|km|0|abbr=on}}. |
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Near Kumanovo is [[Adzi Tepe Airport]] |
Near Kumanovo is [[Adzi Tepe Airport]] which is without a paved runway. |
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==Culture== |
==Culture== |
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===Monuments and Landmarks=== |
===Monuments and Landmarks=== |
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Kumanovo has several prehistoric monuments dating back to the prehistoric period, including: |
Kumanovo has several prehistoric monuments dating back to the prehistoric period, including: |
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*[[Gradište |
*[[Gradište, Kumanovo|Gradište]], an archaeological site from the [[Bronze Age]] near the village of Pelince |
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* Near the village of Mlado Nagoričane is another interesting site dating from the period of [[Neolith]]. |
* Near the village of Mlado Nagoričane is another interesting site dating from the period of [[Neolith]]. |
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* Near the village of Lopate is the Drezga place that represents a Roman necropolis. |
* Near the village of Lopate is the Drezga place that represents a Roman necropolis. |
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* One of the most important sites located near the Kumanovo is the 4,000-year-old megalithic astronomical observatory of [[Kokino]], located {{convert|30|km|0|abbr=on}} northeast of Kumanovo and discovered in 2001. It is ranked fourth on the list of old observatories by [[NASA]]. [[File:Megalithic Observatory Kokino.jpg|thumb|alt=A|150px|Kokino]] |
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* One of the most important sites located near the Kumanovo is the 4,000-year-old megalithic astronomical observatory of [[Kokino]], located {{convert|30|km|0|abbr=on}} northeast of Kumanovo and discovered in 2001. It is ranked fourth on the list of old observatories by [[NASA]].[[File:Megalithic Observatory Kokino.jpg|thumb|alt=A|150px|Kokino]] |
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*Sculpture of [[Batko Gjorgjija]] in the city center |
*Sculpture of [[Batko Gjorgjija]] in the city center |
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* Monument [[Chetiri Bandere Monument|Four Poles]] also located in the center of the city on the [[Nova Jugoslavija Square|main square]], |
* Monument [[Chetiri Bandere Monument|Four Poles]] also located in the center of the city on the [[Nova Jugoslavija Square|main square]], |
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* [[Memorial Ossuary Kumanovo|Memorial Ossuary]] and |
* [[Memorial Ossuary Kumanovo|Memorial Ossuary]] and |
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Line 393: | Line 398: | ||
* the [[Karpino Monastery]], |
* the [[Karpino Monastery]], |
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* the [[Matejče Monastery|Ascension of Holy Mother]] in the village of Matejče, |
* the [[Matejče Monastery|Ascension of Holy Mother]] in the village of Matejče, |
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* [[Eski Mosque, Kumanovo|Eski Mosque]] built in |
* [[Eski Mosque, Kumanovo|Eski Mosque]] built in 1532, |
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* Monument [[Zebrnjak]], |
* Monument [[Zebrnjak]], |
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* [[Kumanovska Banja]] in the village of Proevce and |
* [[Kumanovska Banja]] in the village of Proevce and |
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===Cultural organizations=== |
===Cultural organizations=== |
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{{unreferenced section|date=December 2020}} |
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[[File:Kumanovska nošnja.jpg|thumb|right|alt=|150px|Kumanovo female folk dress]]The oldest folklore assemble in [[North Macedonia]], [[KUD "Panče Pešev"]] is placed in Kumanovo. This year the assemble is celebrating 80 years of existence. It has represented Kumanovo and North Macedonia on many international folklore festivals in |
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[[File:Kumanovska nošnja.jpg|thumb|right|alt=|150px|Kumanovo female folk dress]]The oldest folklore assemble in [[North Macedonia]], [[KUD "Panče Pešev"]] is placed in Kumanovo. This year the assemble is celebrating 80 years of existence. |
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* Serbia, |
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* Montenegro, |
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* Bulgaria, |
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* Turkey, |
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* Croatia, |
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* Romania, |
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* Hungary, |
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* Poland, |
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* France, etc. |
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The president is Mr. Miroslav Krstevski. |
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Kumanovo has |
Kumanovo has |
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Line 427: | Line 423: | ||
Several painting colonies and exhibitions take place every year in Kumanovo or in nearby villages. |
Several painting colonies and exhibitions take place every year in Kumanovo or in nearby villages. |
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Kumanovo is distinguished by its jazz festival which features bands from all over the world. In 2002 the Macedonian bands [[Foltin]] and [[Dragan Dautovski Quartet]] performed, and in 2003 Macedonian jazz pianist [[Simon Kiselicki]] performed in his 'Beneventan Trio'. |
Kumanovo is distinguished by its jazz festival which features bands from all over the world. In 2002 the Macedonian bands [[Foltin]] and [[Dragan Dautovski Quartet]] performed, and in 2003 Macedonian jazz pianist [[Simon Kiselicki]] performed in his 'Beneventan Trio'. Every year Kumanovo has a "[[Days of Comedy]]" festival, sponsored by the Macedonian Ministry of Culture, featuring comedies from several Macedonian theatres and also from neighbouring Serbia and Bulgaria. Kumanovo municipality was organizing the manifestation "City of Culture 2006". |
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* Croatia, |
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* Hungary, |
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* Netherlands, |
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* Slovenia, |
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* Serbia and |
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* Montenegro |
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participated in the festival and in 2005 bands from as far as the Netherlands and Norway participated. |
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Every year Kumanovo has a "[[Days of Comedy]]" festival, sponsored by the Macedonian Ministry of Culture, featuring comedies from several Macedonian theatres and also from neighbouring Serbia and Bulgaria. |
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Kumanovo municipality was organizing the manifestation "City of Culture 2006". |
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==Demographics== |
==Demographics== |
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===Historical=== |
===Historical=== |
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The following is a table of historical visits to Kumanovo, along with the number of houses recorded by the visitor. |
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{| class="wikitable sortable" |
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|- |
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! Name of traveler !! Year of visiting Kumanovo !! number of houses/population |
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|- |
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| Pukvil || 1800 || 300 houses |
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|- |
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| Gomera || 1810 || 800 population |
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|- |
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| Dupničanin || 1835 || 5,000 population |
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|- |
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| Bue || 1838 || 3-4,000 population |
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|- |
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| Bue || 1854 || 3,000 population |
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|- |
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| Papadopulos || 1856 || 200 houses |
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|- |
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| Reports || 1859 || 4,500 population |
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|- |
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| Han || 1862 || 3,200 population |
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|- |
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| Hadzi Vasiljevič || 1865 || 650 houses |
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|- |
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| Timaev || 1865 || 4,200 population |
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|- |
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| Harački's List || 1868 || 721 houses |
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|- |
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| Bjankoni || 1885 || 7,000 population |
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|- |
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| Novakovič || 1886 || 8,000 population |
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|- |
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| Petrov || 1886 || 8,000 population |
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|- |
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| Sal-Name || 1887 || 900 houses |
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|- |
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| Veselinovič || 1887 || 5,000 population |
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|- |
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| Gopčevič || 1889 || 5,700 population |
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|- |
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| Petrov || 1896 || 2,100 houses |
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|- |
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| [[Vasil Kanchov]] || 1900 || 14,530 population |
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|- |
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| Župančič || 1903 || 14,530 population |
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|- |
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| Hadzi Vasiljevič || 1907 || 15,000 population |
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|} |
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Table below showing historic demographic development according to Yugoslav and Macedonian census data: |
Table below showing historic demographic development according to Yugoslav and Macedonian census data: |
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Line 495: | Line 434: | ||
{| class="wikitable" |
{| class="wikitable" |
||
|+ |
|+ |
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'''City of Kumanovo population according to ethnic group 1948- |
'''City of Kumanovo population according to ethnic group 1948-2021<ref name="Censuses of population 1948 - 2002">[http://makstat.stat.gov.mk/pxweb2007bazi/Database/Censuses/Censuses%20of%20population%201948-2002/Censuses%20of%20population%201948-2002.asp Censuses of population 1948 - 2002] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014071758/http://makstat.stat.gov.mk/pxweb2007bazi/Database/Censuses/Censuses%20of%20population%201948-2002/Censuses%20of%20population%201948-2002.asp |date=14 October 2013 }}</ref>''' |
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|-bgcolor="#e0e0e0" |
|-bgcolor="#e0e0e0" |
||
! rowspan="2" | Ethnic<br/>group |
! rowspan="2" | Ethnic<br />group |
||
! colspan="2" | census 1948 |
! colspan="2" | census 1948 |
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! colspan="2" | census 1953 |
! colspan="2" | census 1953 |
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Line 505: | Line 444: | ||
! colspan="2" | census 1994 |
! colspan="2" | census 1994 |
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! colspan="2" | census 2002 |
! colspan="2" | census 2002 |
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! colspan="2" | census 2021 |
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|-bgcolor="#e0e0e0" |
|-bgcolor="#e0e0e0" |
||
! Number |
|||
! % |
|||
! Number |
! Number |
||
! % |
! % |
||
Line 536: | Line 478: | ||
| align="right" | 42,840 |
| align="right" | 42,840 |
||
| align="right" | 60.5 |
| align="right" | 60.5 |
||
| align="right" | 43,280 |
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| align="right" | 57.7 |
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|- |
|- |
||
| [[Albanians]] |
| [[Albanians]] |
||
| align="right" | .. |
| align="right" | .. |
||
| align="right" | .. |
| align="right" | .. |
||
| align="right" | |
| align="right" | 951 |
||
| align="right" | 4. |
| align="right" | 4.1 |
||
| align="right" | 1,893 |
| align="right" | 1,893 |
||
| align="right" | 6.2 |
| align="right" | 6.2 |
||
Line 552: | Line 496: | ||
| align="right" | 18,277 |
| align="right" | 18,277 |
||
| align="right" | 25.8 |
| align="right" | 25.8 |
||
| align="right" | 17,685 |
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| align="right" | 23.6 |
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|- |
|- |
||
| [[Serbs]] |
| [[Serbs]] |
||
Line 568: | Line 514: | ||
| align="right" | 4,727 |
| align="right" | 4,727 |
||
| align="right" | 6.7 |
| align="right" | 6.7 |
||
| align="right" | 4,300 |
|||
| align="right" | 5.7 |
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|- |
|- |
||
| [[Romani people|Roma]] |
| [[Romani people|Roma]] |
||
Line 584: | Line 532: | ||
| align="right" | 4,042 |
| align="right" | 4,042 |
||
| align="right" | 5.7 |
| align="right" | 5.7 |
||
| align="right" | 2,768 |
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| align="right" | 3.7 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Turkish people|Turks]] |
| [[Turkish people|Turks]] |
||
Line 600: | Line 550: | ||
| align="right" | 256 |
| align="right" | 256 |
||
| align="right" | 0.4 |
| align="right" | 0.4 |
||
| align="right" | 125 |
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| align="right" | 0.2 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Vlachs]] |
| [[Vlachs]] |
||
Line 616: | Line 568: | ||
| align="right" | 108 |
| align="right" | 108 |
||
| align="right" | 0.2 |
| align="right" | 0.2 |
||
| align="right" | 88 |
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| align="right" | 0.1 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Bosniaks]] |
| [[Bosniaks]] |
||
Line 631: | Line 585: | ||
| align="right" | 0.0 |
| align="right" | 0.0 |
||
| align="right" | 14 |
| align="right" | 14 |
||
| align="right" | 0.0 |
|||
| align="right" | 32 |
|||
| align="right" | 0.0 |
| align="right" | 0.0 |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 648: | Line 604: | ||
| align="right" | 578 |
| align="right" | 578 |
||
| align="right" | 0.8 |
| align="right" | 0.8 |
||
| align="right" | 645 |
|||
| align="right" | 0.9 |
|||
|- |
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| Persons for whom data are taken from administrative sources |
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| colspan="14" | |
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| align="right" | 6,128 |
|||
| align="right" | 8.2 |
|||
|- |
|||
|-bgcolor="#e0e0e0" |
|-bgcolor="#e0e0e0" |
||
! align="left" | Total |
! align="left" | Total |
||
Line 657: | Line 621: | ||
! colspan="2" | 65,233 |
! colspan="2" | 65,233 |
||
! colspan="2" | 70,842 |
! colspan="2" | 70,842 |
||
! colspan="2" | 75,051 |
|||
|} |
|} |
||
Line 692: | Line 657: | ||
{{Main| Sports in Kumanovo}} |
{{Main| Sports in Kumanovo}} |
||
[[FK Kumanovo]] is the main football team from the city and host their games at the [[Gradski Stadium Kumanovo|Kumanovo Park Stadium]]. [[KF Milano Kumanovë|Milano]] plays its games at [[Milano Arena]]. [[KF Goblen]] has played in the [[Macedonian Second Football League]] and [[FK Karpoš 93]] in the [[Macedonian Regional Leagues|OFS Kumanovo First Division]]. |
|||
[[FK Milano Kumanovo]], [[FK Kumanovo]] and [[FK Bashkimi (2011)|FK Bashkimi]] are the main football teams from the city. Milano plays its games at [[Milano Arena]]. |
|||
Macedonian National Football Team played friendly match with [[Egypt]] in Kumanovo on 29 September 1998. The game took place at [[Gradski Stadium Kumanovo]] and the scorers for Macedonian team were Zaharievski |
Macedonian National Football Team played friendly match with [[Egypt]] in Kumanovo on 29 September 1998. The game took place at [[Gradski Stadium Kumanovo]] and the scorers for Macedonian team were [[Srgjan Zaharievski]] and [[Dževdet Šainovski]]. The match ended 2:2. |
||
[[RK Kumanovo]] is the handball club that currently competes in the [[Macedonian Handball Super League]]. They won the first ever [[Macedonian Handball Cup]] back in |
[[RK Kumanovo]] is the handball club that currently competes in the [[Macedonian Handball Super League]]. They won the first ever [[Macedonian Handball Cup]] back in 1992–93. |
||
Also, Kumanovo is recognized as a box school center, with few names emerged as famous in the 20th century, with [[Ace Rusevski]] |
Also, Kumanovo is recognized as a box school center, with few names emerged as famous in the 20th century, with [[Ace Rusevski]] and [[Redžep Redžepovski]] as a leading names. |
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==Media== |
==Media== |
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Line 704: | Line 669: | ||
===Telecommunication operators=== |
===Telecommunication operators=== |
||
{{colbegin}} |
{{colbegin}} |
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*{{flagdeco|Mexico}} [[A1 Macedonia]] ([[América Móvil]]) |
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*'''Max TV''' |
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*{{flagdeco|Macedonia}} [[Green Mobile]] |
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* '''[[Blizoo]]''' |
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*{{flagdeco|Macedonia}} IP Systems |
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*'''K-Net''' |
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*{{flagdeco|Macedonia}} K-Net |
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*'''Multimedia Net''' |
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*{{flagdeco|UK}} [[Lycamobile]] |
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*'''IP Systems''' |
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*{{flagdeco|Germany}} [[Makedonski Telekom]] ([[Deutsche Telekom]]) |
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*'''WWWInternetGroup''' |
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*{{flagdeco|Serbia}} [[Mtel (North Macedonia)|Mtel]] ([[Telekom Srbija]]) |
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*'''[[TotalTV|Total TV]]''' |
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*{{flagdeco|Macedonia}} Multimedia Net |
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*'''[[Boom TV (Macedonia)|Boom TV]]''' |
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*{{flagdeco|Macedonia}} [[Telekabel]] |
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*'''Tring Maks''' |
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*{{flagdeco|Serbia}} [[TotalTV|Total TV]] ([[Serbia Broadband|SBB]]) |
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{{colend}} |
{{colend}} |
||
===TV Stations=== |
===TV Stations=== |
||
{{colbegin}} |
{{colbegin}} |
||
* '''[[TV Plus]]''' {{in lang|mk}} |
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* '''[[K3 Television|K3]]''', [[Northeastern Statistical Region|Regional]], HQ in Kumanovo, {{mk icon}} |
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* '''[[TV |
* '''[[TV Festa|Festa]]''' {{in lang|sq}} |
||
* ''' |
* '''Hana''' {{in lang|sq}} (Closed) |
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* '''[[TV |
* '''[[TV Nova (Kumanovo, Macedonia)|Nova]]''' {{in lang|mk}} (Closed) |
||
* ''' |
* '''KTL''' {{in lang|mk}} (Closed) |
||
* '''[[TV |
* '''[[TV Kumanovo|RTK]]''' {{in lang|mk}} (Closed) |
||
* '''[[K3 Television|K3]]''', [[Northeastern Statistical Region|Regional]], HQ in Kumanovo, {{in lang|mk}} (Closed) |
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* '''KTL''' {{mk icon}} (Closed) |
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* '''[[TV Kumanovo| |
* '''[[TV KRT Dalga, Kumanovo|KRT]]''' {{in lang|mk}} (Closed) |
||
{{colend}} |
{{colend}} |
||
===Radio stations=== |
===Radio stations=== |
||
{{colbegin}} |
{{colbegin}} |
||
* |
*Radio Bum {{in lang|mk}} |
||
*Radio Bravo {{in lang|mk}} |
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* '''[[City FM 97.9|City FM]]''' {{mk icon}} |
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* |
*Jehona 103.5 FM {{in lang|sq}} |
||
*City FM {{in lang|mk}} (Closed) |
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{{colend}} |
{{colend}} |
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Line 761: | Line 728: | ||
{{ROM}} Honorary Consulate<ref>[http://www.mae.ro/en/node/19204 mae.ro Consulatul Onorific al României la Kumanovo] ''Retrieved 19.05.2015''</ref> |
{{ROM}} Honorary Consulate<ref>[http://www.mae.ro/en/node/19204 mae.ro Consulatul Onorific al României la Kumanovo] ''Retrieved 19.05.2015''</ref> |
||
==Twin towns – sister cities== |
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==International relations== |
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{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in North Macedonia}} |
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in North Macedonia}} |
||
Kumanovo is [[Sister city|twinned]] with:<ref>{{cite web |title=Службен гласник на Општина Куманово|url=https://kumanovo.gov.mk/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/%d0%a1%d0%bb%d1%83%d0%b6%d0%b1%d0%b5%d0%bd-%d0%b3%d0%bb%d0%b0%d1%81%d0%bd%d0%b8%d0%ba-%d0%b1%d1%80.-10-2019-%d0%b3..pdf|publisher=Kumanovo|page=615 (11)|language=mk|date=26 September 2019|access-date=5 September 2021}}</ref> |
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{{div col|colwidth=20em}} |
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===Twin towns — sister cities=== |
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*{{flagicon|BIH}} [[Banja Luka]], Bosnia and Herzegovina |
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Kumanovo is [[Twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with the following cities and municipalities:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://demo.kumanovonews.com/vesti/politika/kumanovo-ima-dvanaeset-zbratimeni-gradovi.html|title=Куманово има дванаесет збратимени градови|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304051054/http://demo.kumanovonews.com/vesti/politika/kumanovo-ima-dvanaeset-zbratimeni-gradovi.html|archivedate=4 March 2016|url-status=dead|accessdate=7 May 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> |
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*{{flagicon|BIH}} [[Bijeljina]], Bosnia and Herzegovina |
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{| class="wikitable" | background colour: #d0e5f5 |
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*{{flagicon|ROU}} [[Câmpina]], Romania |
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|- valign="top" |
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*{{flagicon|TUR}} [[Çorlu]], Turkey |
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| |
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*{{flagicon| |
*{{flagicon|SRB}} [[Čukarica|Čukarica (Belgrade)]], Serbia |
||
*{{flagicon| |
*{{flagicon|BUL}} [[Gabrovo Municipality|Gabrovo]], Bulgaria |
||
*{{flagicon|KOS}} [[Gjilan]], Kosovo<ref>{{Cite web|title=Haziri e Damianovski vlerësojnë se Gjilani e Kumanova janë shembulli më i mirë i bashkëpunimit ndërkufitar|url=https://kk.rks-gov.net/gjilan/news/haziri-e-damianovski-vleresojne-se-gjilani-e-kumanova-jane-shembulli-me-i-mire-i-bashkepunimit-nderkufitar/|access-date=2021-09-13|website=kk.rks-gov.net|language=sq-AL}}</ref> |
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*{{flagicon|BIH}} [[Bijeljina]]; [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] |
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*{{flagicon| |
*{{flagicon|SRB}} [[Gornji Milanovac]], Serbia |
||
*{{flagicon|SRB}} [[Leskovac]], Serbia |
|||
| |
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*{{flagicon| |
*{{flagicon|MNE}} [[Nikšić Municipality|Nikšić]], Montenegro |
||
*{{flagicon| |
*{{flagicon|SRB}} [[Novi Sad]], Serbia |
||
*{{flagicon|SRB}} [[ |
*{{flagicon|SRB}} [[Pančevo]], Serbia |
||
*{{flagicon| |
*{{flagicon|BUL}} [[Plovdiv]], Bulgaria |
||
*{{flagicon|SRB}} [[Vranje]], Serbia |
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| |
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{{div col end}} |
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*{{flagicon|TUR}} [[Çorlu]]; [[Turkey]] |
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*{{flagicon|BIH}} [[Prozor, Bosnia and Herzegovina|Prozor]]; [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] |
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*{{flagicon|SRB}} [[Gornji Milanovac]]; [[Serbia]] |
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*{{flagicon|Kosovo}} [[Kosovska Mitrovica]], [[Kosovo]] |
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| |
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*{{flagicon|SRB}} [[Pančevo]]; [[Serbia]] |
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*{{flagicon|MNE}} [[Nikšić]]; [[Montenegro]] |
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*{{flagicon|SRB}} [[Čukarica]]; (City of [[Belgrade]]) [[Serbia]] |
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*{{flagicon|SRB}} [[Obrenovac]]; (City of [[Belgrade]]) [[Serbia]] |
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|} |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
||
Line 802: | Line 760: | ||
*[[Kumanovo Treaty]] |
*[[Kumanovo Treaty]] |
||
*[[Gradski Stadium Kumanovo]] |
*[[Gradski Stadium Kumanovo]] |
||
*[[Kumani]] |
*[[Kumani (supporter group)|Kumani]] |
||
*[[Kumanovo Prison]] |
*[[Kumanovo Prison]] |
||
*[[Timeline of Kumanovo]] |
*[[Timeline of Kumanovo]] |
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Line 815: | Line 773: | ||
{{refbegin|2}} |
{{refbegin|2}} |
||
*{{cite book | author= Srpsko geografsko društvo | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=-yUXAQAAMAAJ | title= Glasnik 52 | publisher= Srpsko geografsko društvo | year= 1972 | language= |
*{{cite book | author= Srpsko geografsko društvo | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=-yUXAQAAMAAJ | title= Glasnik 52 | publisher= Srpsko geografsko društvo | year= 1972 | language= sr }} |
||
*{{cite book | author= Историско друштво НР Србије | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=vSMKAQAAIAAJ | script-title=sr:Историски гласник | publisher= Научна књига | year=1951 | language= |
*{{cite book | author= Историско друштво НР Србије | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=vSMKAQAAIAAJ | script-title=sr:Историски гласник | publisher= Научна књига | year=1951 | language= sr }} |
||
{{refend}} |
{{refend}} |
||
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*[https://web.archive.org/web/20041209070912/http://faq.macedonia.org/travel/cities/kumanovo.html Kumanovo FAQ] |
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20041209070912/http://faq.macedonia.org/travel/cities/kumanovo.html Kumanovo FAQ] |
||
*[http://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=10539 Kokino megalithic observatory] |
*[http://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=10539 Kokino megalithic observatory] |
||
*[http://www.mymacedonia.net/kokino/kokino.htm Kokino ancient observatory] |
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070606001443/http://www.mymacedonia.net/kokino/kokino.htm Kokino ancient observatory] |
||
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060225031609/http://www.culture.in.mk/story.asp?id=4472 Kumanovo jazz festival] |
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060225031609/http://www.culture.in.mk/story.asp?id=4472 Kumanovo jazz festival] |
||
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080419110022/http://www.kumanova.com.mk/ Web Site of Kumanovo] |
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080419110022/http://www.kumanova.com.mk/ Web Site of Kumanovo] |
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{{Kumanovo |state=collapsed}} |
{{Kumanovo |state=collapsed}} |
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{{Kumanovo Municipality}} |
{{Kumanovo Municipality}} |
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{{Media in Kumanovo|state=collapsed}} |
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{{Airports in the Republic of Macedonia |state=collapsed}} |
{{Airports in the Republic of Macedonia |state=collapsed}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
{{Authority control}} |
||
[[Category:Cities in North Macedonia]] |
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[[Category:Kumanovo| ]] |
[[Category:Kumanovo| ]] |
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[[Category:Cities in North Macedonia]] |
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[[Category:Kumanovo Municipality]] |
Revision as of 00:43, 22 May 2024
Kumanovo
| |
---|---|
Nickname: Kumanovska Republika (Kumanovo Republic) | |
Location of Kumanovo within North Macedonia | |
Coordinates: 42°08′09″N 21°43′05″E / 42.13583°N 21.71806°E | |
Country | North Macedonia |
Region | Northeastern |
Municipality | Kumanovo |
Founded | 1096 |
Incorporated | 1519 |
Named for | tribe Cumans |
Government | |
• Type | Town Assembly |
• Mayor | Maksim Dimitrievski (Independent) |
• Town Council | Members
|
Area | |
• Town | 509.48 km2 (196.71 sq mi) |
Elevation | 340 m (1,120 ft) |
Population (2021) | |
• Town | 75,051 |
• Density | 207.04/km2 (536.2/sq mi) |
• Metro | 98,104 |
Demonym | Kumanovec Kumanovar |
Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
Postal codes | 1300 |
Area code | +389 (0) 31 |
Car plates | KU |
Patron saints | St. George[1] |
Date of Liberation | 11 November 1945 |
Climate | Cfa |
Website | kumanovo |
Kumanovo (Macedonian: Куманово [kuˈmanɔvɔ] ; Albanian: Kumanovë, Albanian definite form: Kumanova; also known by other alternative names) is a city in North Macedonia and the seat of Kumanovo Municipality, the largest municipality in the country. Kumanovo lies 340 metres (1,115 feet) above sea level and is surrounded by the Karadag part of Skopska Crna Gora mountain on its western side, Gradištanska mountain on its southern side, and Mangovica and German mountain on the Eastern side. Skopje airport also serves Kumanovo.
It has many historical sites. One of the most important sites is the 4,000-year-old megalithic astronomical observatory of Kokino, located 30 km (19 mi) northeast of Kumanovo and discovered in 2001. It is ranked fourth on the list of old observatories by NASA.
In 1912, during the First Balkan War, Serbian forces won a decisive victory over the Ottomans north of the town. The two-day Battle of Kumanovo ended Ottoman authority in Vardar Macedonia which contributed to the region's integration into Serbia, and consequently, into Yugoslavia. The entire region of Macedonia was split in three among Serbia, Greece and Bulgaria after the Treaty of Bucharest in 1913.
The rapid economic, administrative and cultural expansion of Kumanovo began in 1945. It was the site of the 9 June 1999 Agreement signed between FR Yugoslav Generals and the NATO Generals about bringing in a NATO peacekeeping contingent in Kosovo called, the Kosovo Force, or KFOR (Kumanovo Agreement). The town's metal-processing, tobacco, agriculture, footwear and textile industries have made it an economic, trading and cultural center of approximately 135,529 people. It is internationally known for a jazz festival hosting bands from all over the world.
Etymology
The name of the city in Macedonian, Serbian and Bulgarian is Kumanovo (Куманово). The name in Albanian is Kumanovë or Kumanova. Kumanovo is known as Cumanuva in Aromanian.[2] Kumanovo derives from the name of the Cumans, a western branch of Kipchaks, the tribe that settled in the area in the early 12th century.[3][4][5]
Geography
Kumanovo is situated in the northeastern part of North Macedonia, near the capital city of Skopje. The coordinates of the city are approximately 42°05'N and 21°40'E. Kumanovo lies 340 metres (1,115 feet) above sea level and is surrounded by
- the Karadag part of Skopska Crna Gora mountain on its western side,
- Gradištanska mountain on its southern side, and
- Mangovica and German mountain on the Eastern side.
Skopje airport also serves Kumanovo.
Climate
Kumanovo has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification: Cfa).
Climate data for Kumanovo | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 4.0 (39.2) |
7.6 (45.7) |
12.6 (54.7) |
17.6 (63.7) |
22.3 (72.1) |
26.6 (79.9) |
29.4 (84.9) |
29.6 (85.3) |
25.7 (78.3) |
18.9 (66.0) |
11.5 (52.7) |
5.3 (41.5) |
17.6 (63.7) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 0.4 (32.7) |
2.9 (37.2) |
7.2 (45.0) |
11.7 (53.1) |
16.1 (61.0) |
19.8 (67.6) |
22.1 (71.8) |
22.1 (71.8) |
18.5 (65.3) |
13.0 (55.4) |
7.0 (44.6) |
1.9 (35.4) |
11.9 (53.4) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −3.2 (26.2) |
−1.7 (28.9) |
1.9 (35.4) |
5.8 (42.4) |
10.0 (50.0) |
13.1 (55.6) |
14.8 (58.6) |
14.6 (58.3) |
11.4 (52.5) |
7.1 (44.8) |
2.6 (36.7) |
−1.5 (29.3) |
6.2 (43.2) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 38 (1.5) |
35 (1.4) |
38 (1.5) |
42 (1.7) |
59 (2.3) |
49 (1.9) |
38 (1.5) |
32 (1.3) |
38 (1.5) |
45 (1.8) |
55 (2.2) |
48 (1.9) |
517 (20.5) |
Source: Climate-Data.org[6] |
Neighbourhoods
- Goce Delčev,
- Zelen Rid,
- Pero Čičo (Banevo Trlo),
- Karpoš (Rajkova Kuka),
- Ajdučka Češma,
- Sokolana,
- Igo Tričkovik (Pukovsko),
- Vera Kotorka (Dobrošane),
- Bedinje,
- Jane Sandanski (Babin Dol),
- Sredorek.
Streets
- Oktomvriska Revolucija,
- Gorče Petrov,
- Treta Makedonska Udarna Brigada,
- Goce Delčev,
- Narodna Revolucija,
- Nikola Tesla,
- Leninova,
- 11 Oktomvri,
- Moša Pijade,
- Ivo Lola Ribar,
- Srbo Tomovik,
- Tode Mendol,
- Karaorman
- Pero Čičo,
- Esperanto,
- Bajram Shabani,
- Franc Rozman.
- Straso Pindjur
Old neighborhoods
Most old neighborhood consist of shops and very few houses.
Veleshka Maalo (or Veleshko Maalo) is an old neighbourhood of Kumanovo. The name comes from the merchants from the town of Veles, who passed through the neighbourhood to sell their products by the rivers Vardar and Pchinja, and the Konjarinja villages Studena, Bara and Krasta. The main street, which today is named Narodna Revolucija, was their shortest way to the center of the city.
Karapsko maalo was located across today's south side of Goce Delchev High School through to the end of Mosha Pijade street. The name of the neighborhood came from the Ottomans. Every house in the neighborhood had a yard; neighboring yard were connected with doors, used by anyone chased by the Ottomans. Macedonians, komits and revolutionaries used this scheme to escape to the towns outskirts and the town itself. The Ottomans called it the dark or the secret neighborhood.
Also,
- Varoš maalo,
- Endek maalo,
- Muhamedbegovo maalo,
- Ortabunar maalo,
- Bedinsko maalo,
- Novo maalo,
- Lipkovsko maalo,
- Teke maalo,
- Tatar maalo and
- Muandzisko maalo,
- Sokolana maalo.
Endek maalo was placed across today's city hall on two banks of the former river of Serava.
Old streets
- Opančarsko sokače,
- Nagorički sokak,
- Proevski sokak,
- Veleški sokak,
- Romanovski sokak,
- Ukumat sokak and
- Vranjsko Dzade.
Military installations
The military base Boro Menkov[7] is one of the military installations of ARM in Kumanovo. The base was established by the JNA.
MB Hristijan Todorovski Karposh is the second base in Kumanovo, it was also established by the JNA and was inherited by the ARM. Today, part of the installation is converted into a university,[8] and another part was inherited by the Ministry of Interior.[9] There was an idea of turning the base into an economic industrial zone.[10]
In Kumanovo's Elezov kamen area there is also a Military Warehouse Base that operates today.
Police station
Kumanovo has a police station, under the Ministry of Internal Affairs. The current police chief is Stojanče Veličkovikj.[11]
History
Prehistory
The area boasts several prehistoric settlements, among which are
- the Kostoperska Karpa,
- the Bronze Age Gradiste near the village of Pelince,
- the Neolithic site of Mlado Nagoričane,
- the Iron Age tumulus Groblje at Vojnik,
- the Roman Necropolis Drezga of Lopate, and
- the Roman Settlement Vicianus at village of Klečovce.
Middle Ages
The first written mentioning of the individual modern villages of the Kumanovo region originate in the 14th century. These are, for the most part, found in Serbian charters:
- of King Stefan Milutin,
- Emperor Stefan Dušan,
- Sevastokrator Dejan,
- Jevdokija Dejanović, and Dejan's sons,
- Jovan and
- Konstantin.
In this time, the Kumanovo region (old Žegligovo) received its geographical location and certain settlement picture.[12]
According to a charter of the monastery of Arhiljevica dated 1355, sevastokrator Dejan held a major domain (oblast) east of Skopska Crna Gora. It included the old župe (counties) of Žegligovo and Preševo (modern Kumanovo region with Sredorek and Kozjačija).[13]
Ottoman period
The town was mentioned in 1530 according to registry of Turkish Devlet Arşivleri as a village in Nogoriçe town, within Kaza of İştip. It was founded by Turkish colonists from Asia Minor and initially was settled by Turks and later by Muslim Albanians. Slavic population entered the town in the late 18th century but its number rose just during early 19th century.[14] Evliya Çelebi described it in 1660–61: "The colony of Kumanovo is situated on the territory of the Skopje sanjak and represents one county. The city is embellished with many rivers and 600 tile-roofs houses. The mosque in the downtown is beautiful, there are tekke, madrassa, hammam, a number of shops and water mills; and the climate is pleasant and agreeable. There are many vineyards and gardens".[15]
In 1689, Karposh, a brigand commander in the region of Dospat (present-day Bulgaria), who served as an Ottoman Christian auxiliary force commander, took advantage of the weakening of the Ottomans and discontent that arose concerning higher Ottoman taxation policies, and organized a revolt while Austria staged an attack on the Ottomans. Karposh's Rebellion quickly spread, resulting in the liberation of Kratovo, Kriva Palanka, Kumanovo, Kačanik and other towns. Then, together with the Austrian army led by Emperor Leopold I, the local Christian population fought to liberate Skopje and Štip. Later changes in the military and political situation in the Balkans had crucial downwards effect on the revolt. The Austrian army was forced to withdraw and the reinforced Ottomans attacked the rebels, taking Kriva Palanka, the rebel stronghold, and then attacked Kumanovo and its newly constructed fortress, where they captured Karposh and put him to death on the Stone Bridge across the Vardar.
Kumanovo became an urban settlement and administrative center of the region at the end of the 16th century or the beginning of the 17th century. Following the turbulent events (including the Karpoš Uprising in 1689) the city experienced a period of stagnation, and by the end of 18th century Kumanovo epitomized an Ottoman provincial town.
In an 1861 book Austrian diplomat Johann Georg von Hahn stated that the town had 650 dwellings, of which 300 were Muslim and 350 were Christian Bulgarian, in addition to 30 Gypsy in the outskirts, while the total population of the town was 3,500.[16]
The Kumanovo Uprising, led by Serb district chiefs of Kumanovo and surrounding districts, was active from 20 January to 20 May 1878 (4 months). The chiefs swore oath in the local church and appealed to Prince Milan IV of Serbia to aid the uprising, and they pledged their devotion and loyalty, and union with Serbia. The rebels were finally defeated by brigadier-general Hafuz Pasha.
The Skopje Revolutionary district of the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO) decided in 1894 that it would organize a committee in Kumanovo, which was later established in the house of Jordan Jovčev, member of the local Bulgarian school board.[17] The committee included also the chief Bulgarian teacher in the town Iliya Levkov,[18] the secretary of the Bulgarian metropolitan deputy Traiche Mitev,[19] priest Andon, his son and Bulgarian teacher Psaltir Popandontov,[20] the merchant Zafir Tasev, elder of the Kumanovo Bulgarian community[21] the Bulgarian teacher Zafir Shaklev[22] and Angel Prekodolka. They organized the assassination of Serbian priest Atanasije Petrovic.[23]
First Balkan War
In October 1912, during the First Balkan War, Serbian forces under the command of General Radomir Putnik won a decisive victory over the Ottomans north of the town. The two-day Battle of Kumanovo ended Ottoman authority in Vardar Macedonia and contributed for region's integration into Serbia, and consequently, into Yugoslavia. The entire region of Macedonia was split in three among Serbia, Greece and Bulgaria after the Treaty of Bucharest in 1913.
World War II
The communist resistance in Kumanovo and Prilep began on 11 October 1941. The struggle ended with victory and formation of the Macedonian federated state within the Yugoslav Federation (SFRY). One of the famous partizans from Kumanovo was Hristijan Todorovski-Karpoš shown on the picture. After 1945 Kumanovo experienced fast economic, administrative and cultural development.
Modern history
It developed economically in the late 19th century (agriculture, handcrafts and trade). Still, industrial development occurred only at the end of the Second World War. The rapid economic, administrative and cultural expansion of Kumanovo began in 1945. Today, it is a modern city with approximately 100,000 inhabitants. It was also the site of the 9 June 1999 Agreement signed between FR Yugoslav Generals and the NATO Generals about bringing in a NATO peacekeeping contingent in Kosovo called, the Kosovo Force, or KFOR (Kumanovo Agreement).[24]
2001 Albanian insurgency and Inter-community relations
The Albanian insurgency in Macedonia first started in the mountains outskirts of Tetovo and then spread in May 2001 to the region of Kumanovo mostly to the north. The armed conflict in Kumanovo mainly resulted in a division of the educational system along ethnic lines. All the Albanian-language students left the schools and demanded new schools to be opened. Following this process there is a visible separation in the town affecting the inter-community relations. The Law on Local Self-Government, Article 44 (Sl.vesnik br.5/2002), envisages the establishment of the Commission for Inter-community Relations (CICR). CICR is a consultative body in the Council of the Municipality of Kumanovo and is formed by 12 representatives of the
- Macedonian,
- Albanian,
- Roma,
- Serbian,
- Turkish and
- Vlach
ethnic groups. CICR aims to develop and improve relations between the ethnic communities and to ensure active participation of minorities in decision-making on issues that have ethnic nature and are found in the agenda of the Council of the Municipality of Kumanovo. Other organizations active in bridging the community divide include
- the Center for Intercultural Dialogue (CID),
- Roma community center DROM,
- National Roma Centrum,
- the local Red Cross and others.
One of the most effective systems for supporting the inter-community divide is through the youth centers MultiKulti managed by CID Kumanovo. These centers offer space for youngsters to meet, and apart from learning about each other, they also get youth work support.
2015 clashes
The NLA had claimed responsibility for a grenade attack on Kumanovo's police station in late 2014.[25] During a police raid on 9 May 2015, a shootout erupted between Macedonian police forces and an armed group.[26] Eight Macedonian policemen and 10 ethnic Albanians were killed, while 37 officers were wounded and hospitalized.[27][28][29][30][31] The attack ended on 10 May 2015 in an operation by the police and armed forces. Thirty men were arrested and charged with terrorism by Macedonian authorities.[32]
Economy
The town's metal-processing, tobacco, agriculture, footwear and textile industries have made it an economic, trading and cultural center of approximately 135,529 people. Agriculture and trade developed mainly in the 19th century, but the city's modern look was established after the Second World War.
In 2013, the Macedonian Government published a list of companies with the highest revenue. Four companies from Kumanovo are on this list. In 72nd place is KVALITET-PROM DOOEL with 24,643,312 euros, 130th place is DETOIL DOO with 14,912,153 euros, 142nd place is EKSTRA MEIN DOOEL with 13,231,496 euros, and 151st place is 11 OKTOMVRI AD with 12,878,225 euros revenue. The most profitable company in that same year was PROSTOR DOO with 1,458,759.85 euros profit before taxes.
Infrastructure
Railway
A railway connection exists between Skopje with Serbia via Kumanovo.
In 2013, rehabilitation of the railway section between Kumanovo and the village of Beljakovce will commence, which is part of the Railway Corridor VIII that will connect North Macedonia with Sofia, Bulgaria and the Black Sea to the East and Tirana, Albania and the Adriatic Sea to the West.
Roads
A 40 kilometre (25 miles) highway exists between Skopje and Kumanovo, going near Kumanovo in the north and crossing the border with Serbia. On the section Kumanovo-Miladinovci there is a Pay tool.
Section of the Pan-European Corridor X was put into use in 2010 connecting Kumanovo to the border crossing Tabanovce. The 7.6 kilometres (4.7 miles) highway was built for 4 years and at a cost of 15.5 million Euros.
Another important road goes from Kumanovo to Kriva Palanka and then to the border with Bulgaria.
Air Travel
Skopje International Airport is 20 km (12 mi) south of Kumanovo.
The E-75 motorway is accessible from Kumanovo.
Sofia Airport is 190 km (118 mi) from the city and Thessaloniki International Airport is 240 km (149 mi).
Near Kumanovo is Adzi Tepe Airport which is without a paved runway.
Culture
Monuments and Landmarks
Kumanovo has several prehistoric monuments dating back to the prehistoric period, including:
- Gradište, an archaeological site from the Bronze Age near the village of Pelince
- Near the village of Mlado Nagoričane is another interesting site dating from the period of Neolith.
- Near the village of Lopate is the Drezga place that represents a Roman necropolis.
- One of the most important sites located near the Kumanovo is the 4,000-year-old megalithic astronomical observatory of Kokino, located 30 km (19 mi) northeast of Kumanovo and discovered in 2001. It is ranked fourth on the list of old observatories by NASA.
- Sculpture of Batko Gjorgjija in the city center
- Monument Four Poles also located in the center of the city on the main square,
- Memorial Ossuary and
- House Museum of Hristijan Todorovski Karpoš.
The oldest and biggest church in the town is the St. Nicholas. There are icons from the 13th century in the church. The church represents a masterwork of Andreja Damjanov, an important Macedonian renaissance architect.
- Church Holy Trinity built in 1902,
- Church of St. George,
- Church of St. Petka in the village of Mlado Nagoričane,
- the Karpino Monastery,
- the Ascension of Holy Mother in the village of Matejče,
- Eski Mosque built in 1532,
- Monument Zebrnjak,
- Kumanovska Banja in the village of Proevce and
- Sports Hall Sokolana.
Other landmarks are:
- statue of Woman Fighter,
buildings:
- Zanatski dom and
- Kasapski Krug
and
- ASNOM memorial center in the village Pelince.
Cultural organizations
The oldest folklore assemble in North Macedonia, KUD "Panče Pešev" is placed in Kumanovo. This year the assemble is celebrating 80 years of existence.
Kumanovo has
- a library " Tane Georgievski Library",
- cultural center Trajko Prokopiev,
- museum and
- theatre.
Several painting colonies and exhibitions take place every year in Kumanovo or in nearby villages.
Kumanovo is distinguished by its jazz festival which features bands from all over the world. In 2002 the Macedonian bands Foltin and Dragan Dautovski Quartet performed, and in 2003 Macedonian jazz pianist Simon Kiselicki performed in his 'Beneventan Trio'. Every year Kumanovo has a "Days of Comedy" festival, sponsored by the Macedonian Ministry of Culture, featuring comedies from several Macedonian theatres and also from neighbouring Serbia and Bulgaria. Kumanovo municipality was organizing the manifestation "City of Culture 2006".
Demographics
Historical
Table below showing historic demographic development according to Yugoslav and Macedonian census data:
Ethnic group |
census 1948 | census 1953 | census 1961 | census 1971 | census 1981 | census 1994 | census 2002 | census 2021 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | |
Macedonians | .. | .. | 14,351 | 61.5 | 20,323 | 66.1 | 28,789 | 62.1 | 36,812 | 60.5 | 40,634 | 62.3 | 42,840 | 60.5 | 43,280 | 57.7 |
Albanians | .. | .. | 951 | 4.1 | 1,893 | 6.2 | 7,827 | 16.9 | 12,997 | 21.4 | 15,612 | 23.9 | 18,277 | 25.8 | 17,685 | 23.6 |
Serbs | .. | .. | 1,790 | 7.7 | 2,808 | 9.1 | 3,759 | 8.1 | 4,252 | 7.0 | 5,097 | 7.8 | 4,727 | 6.7 | 4,300 | 5.7 |
Roma | .. | .. | 1,861 | 8.0 | .. | .. | 3,013 | 6.5 | 4,415 | 7.3 | 2,987 | 4.6 | 4,042 | 5.7 | 2,768 | 3.7 |
Turks | .. | .. | 3,858 | 16.5 | 2,512 | 8.2 | 1,791 | 3.9 | 936 | 1.5 | 241 | 0.4 | 256 | 0.4 | 125 | 0.2 |
Vlachs | .. | .. | 12 | 0.1 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 44 | 0.1 | 85 | 0.1 | 108 | 0.2 | 88 | 0.1 |
Bosniaks | .. | .. | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 14 | 0.0 | 32 | 0.0 |
Others | .. | .. | 516 | 2.2 | 3,226 | 10.5 | 1,184 | 2.6 | 1,386 | 2.3 | 577 | 0.9 | 578 | 0.8 | 645 | 0.9 |
Persons for whom data are taken from administrative sources | 6,128 | 8.2 | ||||||||||||||
Total | 20,242 | 23,339 | 30,762 | 46,363 | 60,842 | 65,233 | 70,842 | 75,051 |
Present-day
The population of the city of Kumanovo according to the 2002 census numbers 77,561, the majority of which are ethnic Macedonians 62.4% (48,416), with a significant minority of ethnic Albanians 23.7% (18,369) and ethnic Serbs 7.4% (5,746).[34]
The most common mother tongues in the city were the following:
- Macedonian, 45,306 (64.0%)
- Albanian, 18,283 (25.8%)
- Romani, 4,007 (5.7%)
- Serbian, 2,399 (3.4%)
- Turkish, 215 (0.3%)
- others, 632 (0.9%)
The religious composition of the city was the following:
- Eastern Orthodox Christians, 46,766 (66.0%)
- Muslims, 22,483 (31.7%)
- others, 1,593 (2.3%)
People
In 2009 marking the 490 years of the first mentioning of the name Kumanovo and 65 years of the liberation of Kumanovo, the Municipality of Kumanovo organized a cultural and artistic program in which they honored the Five impressive people from Kumanovo in the 20th century:
- Vasil Iljoski, writer, dramatist and professor
- Trajko Prokopiev, composer
- Vladimir Antonov, architect
- Hristijan Todorovski Karpoš, partisan
- Saltir Putinski, mayor
Sport
FK Kumanovo is the main football team from the city and host their games at the Kumanovo Park Stadium. Milano plays its games at Milano Arena. KF Goblen has played in the Macedonian Second Football League and FK Karpoš 93 in the OFS Kumanovo First Division.
Macedonian National Football Team played friendly match with Egypt in Kumanovo on 29 September 1998. The game took place at Gradski Stadium Kumanovo and the scorers for Macedonian team were Srgjan Zaharievski and Dževdet Šainovski. The match ended 2:2.
RK Kumanovo is the handball club that currently competes in the Macedonian Handball Super League. They won the first ever Macedonian Handball Cup back in 1992–93.
Also, Kumanovo is recognized as a box school center, with few names emerged as famous in the 20th century, with Ace Rusevski and Redžep Redžepovski as a leading names.
Media
Telecommunication operators
- A1 Macedonia (América Móvil)
- Green Mobile
- IP Systems
- K-Net
- Lycamobile
- Makedonski Telekom (Deutsche Telekom)
- Mtel (Telekom Srbija)
- Multimedia Net
- Telekabel
- Total TV (SBB)
TV Stations
Radio stations
- Radio Bum (in Macedonian)
- Radio Bravo (in Macedonian)
- Jehona 103.5 FM (in Albanian)
- City FM (in Macedonian) (Closed)
Newspapers
- Ploshtad newspaper (closed)
- Nash Vesnik (closed)
- Dedo Ivan (closed)
- Oktobris (closed)
Gallery
-
Monument of the Revolution
-
Batko Gjorgjija monument in the square of Kumanovo
-
Kumanovo railway station
-
Kumanovo at night
-
Bislim near Kumanovo
-
Megalithic Observatory Kokino
-
Collective residential area in Kumanovo
-
St. Nikola, main church in Kumanovo
-
Road near Skačkovce
-
Factory in Kumanovo
-
Celebration welcoming the heads of NOV and POM, at liberation of Kumanovo. (11 November 1944)
-
River Pchinja near v.Vojnik
Diplomatic missions
Romania Honorary Consulate[35]
Twin towns – sister cities
- Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Bijeljina, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Câmpina, Romania
- Çorlu, Turkey
- Čukarica (Belgrade), Serbia
- Gabrovo, Bulgaria
- Gjilan, Kosovo[37]
- Gornji Milanovac, Serbia
- Leskovac, Serbia
- Nikšić, Montenegro
- Novi Sad, Serbia
- Pančevo, Serbia
- Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Vranje, Serbia
See also
- List of people from Kumanovo
- List of mayors of Kumanovo
- Kumanovo dialect
- Kumanovo Municipality
- Buildings and Structures in Kumanovo
- Karposh's Rebellion
- Battle of Kumanovo
- Coat of arms of Kumanovo
- Kumanovo Treaty
- Gradski Stadium Kumanovo
- Kumani
- Kumanovo Prison
- Timeline of Kumanovo
- Diocese of Kumanovo and Osogovo
- Muftiship of Kumanovo
References
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- ^ Victor Spinei (2009) The Romanians and the Turkic Nomads North of the Danube Delta from the Tenth to the Mid-Thirteenth Century, Brill, ISBN 9789047428800, p. 317.
- ^ Mykola Melnyk (2022) Byzantium and the Pechenegs. The Historiography of the Problem. Brill, ISBN 9789004505223, p. 180.
- ^ "Climate: Kumanovo". Climate-Data.org. Retrieved 18 January 2018.
- ^ about MB Boro Menkov[permanent dead link] (Macedonian)
- ^ Article about the MB H.T. Karposh Archived 16 April 2015 at the Wayback Machine (Macedonian)
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- ^ Article about the Economic zone Idea Archived 16 April 2015 at the Wayback Machine (Macedonia)
- ^ "Сектор за внатрешни работи – Куманово".
- ^ Srpsko geografsko društvo 1972, p. 123:
Ти помени већим делом налазе се у даровним повељама српских давалаца: краља Милутина, цара Сте- фана Душана, севастократа Дејана, Јевдокије Дејановић2', Дејано- вих синова – браће деспота Драгаша и "господина" Константина. Као што се зна, тада је ова област – старо Жеглигово до- била учвршћен географски положај и одрећену насеобинску слику
- ^ Историско друштво НР Србије 1951, p. 20:
према повељи манастиру богоро- дичимог ваведења у Архиљевици,50 држао као своју баштину пространу област иеточно од Скопске Црне Горе. Она је обухватала старе жупе Прешево и Жеглигово (данас кумановски крај са Средореком, Козјачијом
- ^ Rozita Dimova, Ethno-Baroque: Materiality, Aesthetics and Conflict in Modern-Day Macedonia, Berghahn Books, 2013, ISBN 1782380418, p. 97.
- ^ Македонските градови во турско време, Зоран Сенев, Киро Герасимов, Кочани, 2004, стр.50
- ^ Johann Georg von Hahn: Reise von Belgrad nach Salonik. Viena: 1861
- ^ Николов, Борис Й. Вътрешна македоно-одринска революционна организация : Войводи и ръководители (1893-1934) Биографично-библиографски справочник. София, Издателство "Звезди", 2001. ISBN 954-9514-28-5, с. 67.
- ^ ЦДА, ф. 246, оп.1, а.е. 211, л. 26. Списък на градските екзархийски учители в Скопската епархия през учебната 1901 – 1902 год. с означение заплатата им, бележки по тяхната деятелност и мнение какво да се прави с всекиго през идущата 1902/3 уч. година.
- ^ Николай Тодоров, Освободителната борба на българите в Македония и Одринско, 1902-1904, Наука и изкуство, 1978, стр. 209.
- ^ Пелтеков, Александър Г. Революционни дейци от Македония и Одринско. Второ допълнено издание. София, Орбел, 2014, ISBN 9789544961022, с. 368.
- ^ Матовъ, Д. Кратка разправия по етнографията на Македония. Периодическо списание XXXIV. София, Българско книжовно дружество, 1889. с. 682 - 683.
- ^ Настевъ, Хр. I-ия випускъ на Скопското българско мъѫко педагогическо училище. Илюстрация Илиндень XII (3) (113). София, Издание на Илинденската организация, мартъ 1940. с. 13.
- ^ В. Илић, Српска четничка акција 1903-1912, Београд 2006, с. 48.
- ^ Reitman, Valerie; Richter, Paul; Dahlburg, John-Thor (23 June 2011). "Yugoslav, NATO Generals Sign Peace Agreement for Kosovo / Alliance will end air campaign when Serbian troops pull out". The San Francisco Chronicle.
- ^ "Ние стоиме зад нападот на полициските станици во Тетово и Куманово". Archived from the original on 13 January 2017.
- ^ Vladimir Gjuzelov; Ben Brumfield (11 May 2015). "Gun battles in former ethnic flashpoint in Macedonia kill 5 police officers". CNN. Retrieved 12 May 2015.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "Macedonia Cuts Number of 'Armed Group' Members Killed in Kumanovo". novinite.com.
- ^ "Prokuroria konfirmon se në Kumanovë janë 10, jo 14 të vrarë". RTKlive.com.
- ^ "Zeka: Lista me të vrarët në Kumanovë është e pakonfirmuar". RTKlive.com.
- ^ "Macedonia charges 30 with terrorism after Kumanovo clashes". BBC News. 11 May 2015.
- ^ Atanasovski, Robert (10 May 2015). "NATO, EU urge 'restraint' as Macedonia clashes leave 22 dead". Agence France-Presse. Yahoo News. Retrieved 12 May 2015.
- ^ "Macedonia charges 30 alleged ethnic Albanian militants over weekend battle that killed 22". Fox News. Associated Press. 11 May 2015. Archived from the original on 14 May 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2015.
- ^ Censuses of population 1948 - 2002 Archived 14 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Macedonian census, language and religion
- ^ mae.ro Consulatul Onorific al României la Kumanovo Retrieved 19.05.2015
- ^ "Службен гласник на Општина Куманово" (PDF) (in Macedonian). Kumanovo. 26 September 2019. p. 615 (11). Retrieved 5 September 2021.
- ^ "Haziri e Damianovski vlerësojnë se Gjilani e Kumanova janë shembulli më i mirë i bashkëpunimit ndërkufitar". kk.rks-gov.net (in Albanian). Retrieved 13 September 2021.
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- Историско друштво НР Србије (1951). Историски гласник (in Serbian). Научна књига.