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Double sharp (talk | contribs) I don't think we need to duplicate all of that - the new names are provisional and are only mentioned when they are the focus |
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{{periodic table legend|theme1=category|child=no|caption=Categories in the metal–nonmetal trend|unknown1=yes}} |
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== New elements 113, 115, 117, 118 == |
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Confirmed. With proposed names. |
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{| class="wikitable sortable" |
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![[Atomic number|Z]] |
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![[Symbol (chemistry)|Sym]] |
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![[Chemical element|Element]] |
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!Origin of name<ref>[http://www.rsc.org/periodic-table Royal Society of Chemistry – ''Visual Element Periodic Table'']</ref><ref>[http://www.etymonline.com – Online Etymological Dictionary]</ref> |
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![[Group (periodic table)|Group]] |
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![[Period (periodic table)|Period]] |
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![[Atomic weight]]<br>{{nobold|1=[[Atomic mass unit|u]] [[uncertainty bracket notation|(±)]]}} |
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![[Density]]<br>{{nobold|1=[[Gram|g]]/[[Cubic centimetre|cm<sup>3</sup>]]}} |
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![[Melting point|Melt]]<br>{{nobold|1=[[Kelvin|K]]}} |
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![[Boiling point|Boil]]<br>{{nobold|K}} |
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![[Specific heat capacity|Heat]]<br>{{nobold|1=[[Joules|J]]/([[gram|g]]·[[Kelvin|K]])}} |
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![[Electronegativity|Neg]]{{ref|10|10}} |
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![[Abundance of elements in Earth's crust|Abundance]]<br>{{nobold|1=mg/kg}} |
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| −999 || !a || !a || !a || −999 || −999 || −999 || −999 || −999 || −999 || −999 || −999 || −999 |
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| 113 || style="background:{{element color|unknown chemical properties}}" | Uut || [[Ununtrium]] || [[IUPAC]] [[systematic element name]] || 13 || 7 || {{sort|286|[286]}}{{ref|1|1}} || {{sort|16|(16)}}{{ref|11|11}} || {{sort|700|(700)}}{{ref|11|11}} || {{sort|1400|(1400)}}{{ref|11|11}} || – || – || {{sort|0|0}} {{ref|8|8}} |
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| 115 || style="background:{{element color|unknown chemical properties}}" | Uup || [[Ununpentium]] || IUPAC proposed name || 15 || 7 || {{sort|289|[289]}}{{ref|1|1}} || {{sort|13.5|(13.5)}}{{ref|11|11}} || {{sort|700|(700)}}{{ref|11|11}} || {{sort|1400|(1400)}}{{ref|11|11}} || – || – || {{sort|0|0}} {{ref|8|8}} |
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| 117 || style="background:{{element color|unknown chemical properties}}" | Uus || [[Ununseptium]] || IUPAC proposed name || 17 || 7 || {{sort|294|[294]}}{{ref|1|1}} || {{sort|7.2|(7.2)}}{{ref|11|11}} || {{sort|723|(723)}}{{ref|11|11}} || {{sort|883|(883)}}{{ref|11|11}} || – || – || {{sort|0|0}} {{ref|8|8}} |
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| 118 || style="background:{{element color|unknown chemical properties}}" | Uuo || [[Ununoctium]] || IUPAC proposed name || 18 || 7 || {{sort|294|[294]}}{{ref|1|1}} || {{sort|5.0|(5.0)}}{{ref|11|11}} {{ref|13|13}} || {{sort|258|(258)}}{{ref|11|11}} || {{sort|263|(263)}}{{ref|11|11}} || – || – || {{sort|0|0}} {{ref|8|8}} |
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|9e99||~z||~z||9e99||9e99||9e99||9e99||9e99||9e99||9e99||9e99||9e99 |
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==Notes== |
==Notes== |
Revision as of 06:02, 13 June 2016
This is a list of the 118 identified chemical elements.
List
Z | Sym | Element | Origin of name[1][2] | Group | Period | Atomic weight u (±) |
Density g/cm3 |
Melt K |
Boil K |
Heat J/(g·K) |
Neg10 | Abundance mg/kg |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | style="background:#e7ff8f" | H | Hydrogen | composed of the Greek elements hydro- and -gen meaning 'water-forming' | 1 | 1 | 1.0082 3 4 9 | 0.00008988 | 14.01 | 20.28 | 14.304 | 2.20 | 1400 |
2 | He | Helium | the Greek helios, 'sun' | 18 | 1 | 4.002602(2)2 4 | 0.0001785 | 0.956 | 4.22 | 5.193 | – | 0.008 |
3 | style="background:#ff9d9d" | Li | Lithium | the Greek lithos, 'stone' | 1 | 2 | 6.942 3 4 5 9 | 0.534 | 453.69 | 1560 | 3.582 | 0.98 | 20 |
4 | style="background:#ffdead" | Be | Beryllium | beryl, a mineral | 2 | 2 | 9.0121831(5) | 1.85 | 1560 | 2742 | 1.825 | 1.57 | 2.8 |
5 | B | Boron | borax, a mineral | 13 | 2 | 10.812 3 4 9 | 2.34 | 2349 | 4200 | 1.026 | 2.04 | 10 |
6 | style="background:#a1ffc3" | C | Carbon | the Latin carbo, 'coal' | 14 | 2 | 12.0112 4 9 | 2.267 | 3800 | 4300 | 0.709 | 2.55 | 200 |
7 | style="background:#e7ff8f" | N | Nitrogen | the Greek nitron and '-gen' meaning 'niter-forming' | 15 | 2 | 14.0072 4 9 | 0.0012506 | 63.15 | 77.36 | 1.04 | 3.04 | 19 |
8 | style="background:#e7ff8f" | O | Oxygen | from the Greek oxy-, both 'sharp' and 'acid', and -gen, meaning 'acid-forming' | 16 | 2 | 15.9992 4 9 | 0.001429 | 54.36 | 90.20 | 0.918 | 3.44 | 461000 |
9 | style="background:#e7ff8f" | F | Fluorine | the Latin fluere, 'to flow' | 17 | 2 | 18.998403163(6) | 0.001696 | 53.53 | 85.03 | 0.824 | 3.98 | 585 |
10 | Ne | Neon | the Greek neos, meaning 'new' | 18 | 2 | 20.1797(6)2 3 | 0.0008999 | 24.56 | 27.07 | 1.03 | – | 0.005 |
11 | style="background:#ff9d9d" | Na | Sodium | the English word soda (natrium in Latin)[3] | 1 | 3 | 22.98976928(2) | 0.971 | 370.87 | 1156 | 1.228 | 0.93 | 23600 |
12 | style="background:#ffdead" | Mg | Magnesium | Magnesia, a district of Eastern Thessaly in Greece | 2 | 3 | 24.3059 | 1.738 | 923 | 1363 | 1.023 | 1.31 | 23300 |
13 | style="background:#cccccc" | Al | Aluminium | from alumina, a compound (originally aluminum) | 13 | 3 | 26.9815385(7) | 2.698 | 933.47[4] | 2792 | 0.897 | 1.61 | 82300 |
14 | Si | Silicon | from the Latin silex, 'flint' (originally silicium) | 14 | 3 | 28.0854 9 | 2.3296 | 1687 | 3538 | 0.705 | 1.9 | 282000 |
15 | style="background:#a1ffc3" | P | Phosphorus | the Greek phoosphoros, 'carrying light' | 15 | 3 | 30.973761998(5) | 1.82 | 317.30 | 550 | 0.769 | 2.19 | 1050 |
16 | style="background:#a1ffc3" | S | Sulfur | Latin sulphur, 'sulfur' | 16 | 3 | 32.062 4 9 | 2.067 | 388.36 | 717.87 | 0.71 | 2.58 | 350 |
17 | style="background:#e7ff8f" | Cl | Chlorine | the Greek chloros, 'greenish yellow' | 17 | 3 | 35.452 3 4 9 | 0.003214 | 171.6 | 239.11 | 0.479 | 3.16 | 145 |
18 | Ar | Argon | the Greek argos, 'idle' | 18 | 3 | 39.948(1)2 4 | 0.0017837 | 83.80 | 87.30 | 0.52 | – | 3.5 |
19 | style="background:#ff9d9d" | K | Potassium | New Latin potassa, 'potash' (kalium in Latin)[3] | 1 | 4 | 39.0983(1) | 0.862 | 336.53 | 1032 | 0.757 | 0.82 | 20900 |
20 | style="background:#ffdead" | Ca | Calcium | the Latin calx, 'lime' | 2 | 4 | 40.078(4)2 | 1.54 | 1115 | 1757 | 0.647 | 1 | 41500 |
21 | style="background:#ffc0c0" | Sc | Scandium | Scandia, the Latin name for Scandinavia | 3 | 4 | 44.955908(5) | 2.989 | 1814 | 3109 | 0.568 | 1.36 | 22 |
22 | style="background:#ffc0c0" | Ti | Titanium | Titans, the sons of the Earth goddess of Greek mythology | 4 | 4 | 47.867(1) | 4.54 | 1941 | 3560 | 0.523 | 1.54 | 5650 |
23 | style="background:#ffc0c0" | V | Vanadium | Vanadis, an old Norse name for the Scandinavian goddess Freyja | 5 | 4 | 50.9415(1) | 6.11 | 2183 | 3680 | 0.489 | 1.63 | 120 |
24 | style="background:#ffc0c0" | Cr | Chromium | the Greek chroma, 'color' | 6 | 4 | 51.9961(6) | 7.15 | 2180 | 2944 | 0.449 | 1.66 | 102 |
25 | style="background:#ffc0c0" | Mn | Manganese | corrupted from magnesia negra, see Magnesium | 7 | 4 | 54.938044(3) | 7.44 | 1519 | 2334 | 0.479 | 1.55 | 950 |
26 | style="background:#ffc0c0" | Fe | Iron | English word (ferrum in Latin) | 8 | 4 | 55.845(2) | 7.874 | 1811 | 3134 | 0.449 | 1.83 | 56300 |
27 | style="background:#ffc0c0" | Co | Cobalt | the German word Kobold, 'goblin' | 9 | 4 | 58.933194(4) | 8.86 | 1768 | 3200 | 0.421 | 1.88 | 25 |
28 | style="background:#ffc0c0" | Ni | Nickel | from Swedish kopparnickel, containing the German word Nickel, 'goblin' | 10 | 4 | 58.6934(4) | 8.912 | 1728 | 3186 | 0.444 | 1.91 | 84 |
29 | style="background:#ffc0c0" | Cu | Copper | English word (Latin cuprum) | 11 | 4 | 63.546(3)4 | 8.96 | 1357.77[4] | 2835 | 0.385 | 1.9 | 60 |
30 | style="background:#ffc0c0" | Zn | Zinc | the German Zink | 12 | 4 | 65.38(2) | 7.134 | 692.88 | 1180 | 0.388 | 1.65 | 70 |
31 | style="background:#cccccc" | Ga | Gallium | Gallia, the Latin name for France | 13 | 4 | 69.723(1) | 5.907 | 302.9146 | 2477 | 0.371 | 1.81 | 19 |
32 | Ge | Germanium | Germania, the Latin name for Germany | 14 | 4 | 72.630(8) | 5.323 | 1211.40 | 3106 | 0.32 | 2.01 | 1.5 |
33 | As | Arsenic | English word (Latin arsenicum) | 15 | 4 | 74.921595(6) | 5.776 | 1090 7 | 887 | 0.329 | 2.18 | 1.8 |
34 | style="background:#a1ffc3" | Se | Selenium | the Greek selene, 'moon' | 16 | 4 | 78.971(8)4 | 4.809 | 453 | 958 | 0.321 | 2.55 | 0.05 |
35 | style="background:#e7ff8f" | Br | Bromine | the Greek bromos, 'stench' | 17 | 4 | 79.9049 | 3.122 | 265.8 | 332.0 | 0.474 | 2.96 | 2.4 |
36 | Kr | Krypton | the Greek kryptos, 'hidden' | 18 | 4 | 83.798(2)2 3 | 0.003733 | 115.79 | 119.93 | 0.248 | 3 | 1×10−4 |
37 | style="background:#ff9d9d" | Rb | Rubidium | the Latin rubidus, 'deep red' | 1 | 5 | 85.4678(3)2 | 1.532 | 312.46 | 961 | 0.363 | 0.82 | 90 |
38 | style="background:#ffdead" | Sr | Strontium | Strontian, a small town in Scotland | 2 | 5 | 87.62(1)2 4 | 2.64 | 1050 | 1655 | 0.301 | 0.95 | 370 |
39 | style="background:#ffc0c0" | Y | Yttrium | Ytterby, Sweden | 3 | 5 | 88.90584(2) | 4.469 | 1799 | 3609 | 0.298 | 1.22 | 33 |
40 | style="background:#ffc0c0" | Zr | Zirconium | Persian Zargun, 'gold-colored';German Zirkoon, 'jargoon' | 4 | 5 | 91.224(2)2 | 6.506 | 2128 | 4682 | 0.278 | 1.33 | 165 |
41 | style="background:#ffc0c0" | Nb | Niobium | Niobe, daughter of king Tantalus from Greek mythology | 5 | 5 | 92.90637(2) | 8.57 | 2750 | 5017 | 0.265 | 1.6 | 20 |
42 | style="background:#ffc0c0" | Mo | Molybdenum | the Greek molybdos meaning 'lead' | 6 | 5 | 95.95(1)2 | 10.22 | 2896 | 4912 | 0.251 | 2.16 | 1.2 |
43 | style="background:#ffc0c0" | Tc | Technetium | the Greek tekhnètos meaning 'artificial' | 7 | 5 | [98]1 | 11.5 | 2430 | 4538 | – | 1.9 | ~ 3×10−9 |
44 | style="background:#ffc0c0" | Ru | Ruthenium | Ruthenia, the New Latin name for Russia | 8 | 5 | 101.07(2)2 | 12.37 | 2607 | 4423 | 0.238 | 2.2 | 0.001 |
45 | style="background:#ffc0c0" | Rh | Rhodium | the Greek rhodos, meaning 'rose coloured' | 9 | 5 | 102.90550(2) | 12.41 | 2237 | 3968 | 0.243 | 2.28 | 0.001 |
46 | style="background:#ffc0c0" | Pd | Palladium | the then recently discovered asteroid Pallas, considered a planet at the time | 10 | 5 | 106.42(1)2 | 12.02 | 1828.05 | 3236 | 0.244 | 2.2 | 0.015 |
47 | style="background:#ffc0c0" | Ag | Silver | English word (argentum in Latin)[3] | 11 | 5 | 107.8682(2)2 | 10.501 | 1234.93[4] | 2435 | 0.235 | 1.93 | 0.075 |
48 | style="background:#ffc0c0" | Cd | Cadmium | the New Latin cadmia, from King Kadmos | 12 | 5 | 112.414(4)2 | 8.69 | 594.22 | 1040 | 0.232 | 1.69 | 0.159 |
49 | style="background:#cccccc" | In | Indium | indigo | 13 | 5 | 114.818(1) | 7.31 | 429.75 | 2345 | 0.233 | 1.78 | 0.25 |
50 | style="background:#cccccc" | Sn | Tin | English word (stannum in Latin) | 14 | 5 | 118.710(7)2 | 7.287 | 505.08 | 2875 | 0.228 | 1.96 | 2.3 |
51 | Sb | Antimony | composed from the Greek anti, 'against', and monos, 'alone' (stibium in Latin) | 15 | 5 | 121.760(1)2 | 6.685 | 903.78 | 1860 | 0.207 | 2.05 | 0.2 |
52 | Te | Tellurium | Latin tellus, 'earth' | 16 | 5 | 127.60(3)2 | 6.232 | 722.66 | 1261 | 0.202 | 2.1 | 0.001 |
53 | style="background:#e7ff8f" | I | Iodine | French iode (after the Greek ioeides, 'violet') | 17 | 5 | 126.90447(3) | 4.93 | 386.85 | 457.4 | 0.214 | 2.66 | 0.45 |
54 | Xe | Xenon | the Greek xenos, 'strange' | 18 | 5 | 131.293(6)2 3 | 0.005887 | 161.4 | 165.03 | 0.158 | 2.6 | 3×10−5 |
55 | style="background:#ff9d9d" | Cs | Caesium | the Latin caesius, 'sky blue' | 1 | 6 | 132.90545196(6) | 1.873 | 301.59 | 944 | 0.242 | 0.79 | 3 |
56 | style="background:#ffdead" | Ba | Barium | the Greek barys, 'heavy' | 2 | 6 | 137.327(7) | 3.594 | 1000 | 2170 | 0.204 | 0.89 | 425 |
57 | style="background:#ffbfff" | La | Lanthanum | the Greek lanthanein, 'to lie hidden' | 6 | 138.90547(7)2 | 6.145 | 1193 | 3737 | 0.195 | 1.1 | 39 | |
58 | style="background:#ffbfff" | Ce | Cerium | the then recently discovered asteroid Ceres, considered a planet at the time | 6 | 140.116(1)2 | 6.77 | 1068 | 3716 | 0.192 | 1.12 | 66.5 | |
59 | style="background:#ffbfff" | Pr | Praseodymium | the Greek praseios didymos meaning 'green twin' | 6 | 140.90766(2) | 6.773 | 1208 | 3793 | 0.193 | 1.13 | 9.2 | |
60 | style="background:#ffbfff" | Nd | Neodymium | the Greek neos didymos meaning 'new twin' | 6 | 144.242(3)2 | 7.007 | 1297 | 3347 | 0.19 | 1.14 | 41.5 | |
61 | style="background:#ffbfff" | Pm | Promethium | Prometheus of Greek mythology who stole fire from the Gods and gave it to humans | 6 | [145]1 | 7.26 | 1315 | 3273 | – | 1.13 | 2×10−19 | |
62 | style="background:#ffbfff" | Sm | Samarium | Samarskite, the name of the mineral from which it was first isolated | 6 | 150.36(2)2 | 7.52 | 1345 | 2067 | 0.197 | 1.17 | 7.05 | |
63 | style="background:#ffbfff" | Eu | Europium | Europe | 6 | 151.964(1)2 | 5.243 | 1099 | 1802 | 0.182 | 1.2 | 2 | |
64 | style="background:#ffbfff" | Gd | Gadolinium | Johan Gadolin, chemist, physicist and mineralogist | 6 | 157.25(3)2 | 7.895 | 1585 | 3546 | 0.236 | 1.2 | 6.2 | |
65 | style="background:#ffbfff" | Tb | Terbium | Ytterby, Sweden | 6 | 158.92535(2) | 8.229 | 1629 | 3503 | 0.182 | 1.2 | 1.2 | |
66 | style="background:#ffbfff" | Dy | Dysprosium | the Greek dysprositos, 'hard to get' | 6 | 162.500(1)2 | 8.55 | 1680 | 2840 | 0.17 | 1.22 | 5.2 | |
67 | style="background:#ffbfff" | Ho | Holmium | Holmia, the New Latin name for Stockholm | 6 | 164.93033(2) | 8.795 | 1734 | 2993 | 0.165 | 1.23 | 1.3 | |
68 | style="background:#ffbfff" | Er | Erbium | Ytterby, Sweden | 6 | 167.259(3)2 | 9.066 | 1802 | 3141 | 0.168 | 1.24 | 3.5 | |
69 | style="background:#ffbfff" | Tm | Thulium | Thule, the ancient name for Scandinavia | 6 | 168.93422(2) | 9.321 | 1818 | 2223 | 0.16 | 1.25 | 0.52 | |
70 | style="background:#ffbfff" | Yb | Ytterbium | Ytterby, Sweden | 6 | 173.045(10)2 | 6.965 | 1097 | 1469 | 0.155 | 1.1 | 3.2 | |
71 | style="background:#ffbfff" | Lu | Lutetium | Lutetia, the Latin name for Paris | 3 | 6 | 174.9668(1)2 | 9.84 | 1925 | 3675 | 0.154 | 1.27 | 0.8 |
72 | style="background:#ffc0c0" | Hf | Hafnium | Hafnia, the New Latin name for Copenhagen | 4 | 6 | 178.49(2) | 13.31 | 2506 | 4876 | 0.144 | 1.3 | 3 |
73 | style="background:#ffc0c0" | Ta | Tantalum | King Tantalus, father of Niobe from Greek mythology | 5 | 6 | 180.94788(2) | 16.654 | 3290 | 5731 | 0.14 | 1.5 | 2 |
74 | style="background:#ffc0c0" | W | Tungsten | the Swedish tung sten, 'heavy stone' (W is wolfram, the old name of the tungsten mineral wolframite)[3] | 6 | 6 | 183.84(1) | 19.25 | 3695 | 5828 | 0.132 | 2.36 | 1.3 |
75 | style="background:#ffc0c0" | Re | Rhenium | Rhenus, the Latin name for the river Rhine | 7 | 6 | 186.207(1) | 21.02 | 3459 | 5869 | 0.137 | 1.9 | 7×10−4 |
76 | style="background:#ffc0c0" | Os | Osmium | the Greek osmè, meaning 'smell' | 8 | 6 | 190.23(3)2 | 22.61 | 3306 | 5285 | 0.13 | 2.2 | 0.002 |
77 | style="background:#ffc0c0" | Ir | Iridium | Iris, the Greek goddess of the rainbow | 9 | 6 | 192.217(3) | 22.56 | 2719 | 4701 | 0.131 | 2.2 | 0.001 |
78 | style="background:#ffc0c0" | Pt | Platinum | the Spanish platina, meaning 'little silver' | 10 | 6 | 195.084(9) | 21.46 | 2041.4[4] | 4098 | 0.133 | 2.28 | 0.005 |
79 | style="background:#ffc0c0" | Au | Gold | English word (aurum in Latin) | 11 | 6 | 196.966569(5) | 19.282 | 1337.33[4] | 3129 | 0.129 | 2.54 | 0.004 |
80 | style="background:#ffc0c0" | Hg | Mercury | the New Latin name mercurius, named after the Roman god (Hg from former name hydrargyrum, from Greek hydr-, 'water', and argyros, 'silver') | 12 | 6 | 200.592(3) | 13.5336 | 234.43 | 629.88 | 0.14 | 2 | 0.085 |
81 | style="background:#cccccc" | Tl | Thallium | the Greek thallos, 'green twig' | 13 | 6 | 204.389 | 11.85 | 577 | 1746 | 0.129 | 1.62 | 0.85 |
82 | style="background:#cccccc" | Pb | Lead | English word (plumbum in Latin)[3] | 14 | 6 | 207.2(1)2 4 | 11.342 | 600.61 | 2022 | 0.129 | 1.87 | 14 |
83 | style="background:#cccccc" | Bi | Bismuth | German word, now obsolete | 15 | 6 | 208.98040(1)1 | 9.807 | 544.7 | 1837 | 0.122 | 2.02 | 0.009 |
84 | style="background:#cccccc" | Po | Polonium | Polonia, the New Latin name for Poland | 16 | 6 | [209]1 | 9.32 | 527 | 1235 | – | 2.0 | 2×10−10 |
85 | At | Astatine | the Greek astatos, 'unstable' | 17 | 6 | [210]1 | 7 | 575 | 610 | – | 2.2 | 3×10−20 |
86 | Rn | Radon | From radium, as it was first detected as an emission from radium during radioactive decay | 18 | 6 | [222]1 | 0.00973 | 202 | 211.3 | 0.094 | 2.2 | 4×10−13 |
87 | style="background:#ff9d9d" | Fr | Francium | Francia, the New Latin name for France | 1 | 7 | [223]1 | 1.87 | 300 | 950 | – | 0.7 | ~ 1×10−18 |
88 | style="background:#ffdead" | Ra | Radium | the Latin radius, 'ray' | 2 | 7 | [226]1 | 5.5 | 973 | 2010 | 0.094 | 0.9 | 9×10−9 |
89 | style="background:#ff99cc" | Ac | Actinium | the Greek aktis, 'ray' | 7 | [227]1 | 10.07 | 1323 | 3471 | 0.12 | 1.1 | 5.5×10−10 | |
90 | style="background:#ff99cc" | Th | Thorium | Thor, the Scandinavian god of thunder | 7 | 232.0377(4)1 2 | 11.72 | 2115 | 5061 | 0.113 | 1.3 | 9.6 | |
91 | style="background:#ff99cc" | Pa | Protactinium | the Greek protos, 'first', and actinium, which is produced through the radioactive decay of protactinium | 7 | 231.03588(2)1 | 15.37 | 1841 | 4300 | – | 1.5 | 1.4×10−6 | |
92 | style="background:#ff99cc" | U | Uranium | Uranus, the seventh planet in the Solar System | 7 | 238.02891(3)1 | 18.95 | 1405.3 | 4404 | 0.116 | 1.38 | 2.7 | |
93 | style="background:#ff99cc" | Np | Neptunium | Neptune, the eighth planet in the Solar System | 7 | [237]1 | 20.45 | 917 | 4273 | – | 1.36 | ≤ 3×10−12 | |
94 | style="background:#ff99cc" | Pu | Plutonium | Pluto, a dwarf planet in the Solar System | 7 | [244]1 | 19.84 | 912.5 | 3501 | – | 1.28 | ≤ 3×10−11 | |
95 | style="background:#ff99cc" | Am | Americium | The Americas, as the element was first synthesized on the continent, by analogy with europium | 7 | [243]1 | 13.69 | 1449 | 2880 | – | 1.13 | 0 8 | |
96 | style="background:#ff99cc" | Cm | Curium | Pierre Curie, a physicist, and Marie Curie, a physicist and chemist, named after great scientists by analogy with gadolinium | 7 | [247]1 | 13.51 | 1613 | 3383 | – | 1.28 | 0 8 | |
97 | style="background:#ff99cc" | Bk | Berkelium | Berkeley, California, where the element was first synthesized, by analogy with terbium | 7 | [247]1 | 14.79 | 1259 | 2900 | – | 1.3 | 0 8 | |
98 | style="background:#ff99cc" | Cf | Californium | California, where the element was first synthesized | 7 | [251]1 | 15.1 | 1173 | (1743)11 | – | 1.3 | 0 8 | |
99 | style="background:#ff99cc" | Es | Einsteinium | Albert Einstein, physicist | 7 | [252]1 | 8.84 | 1133 | (1269)11 | – | 1.3 | 0 8 | |
100 | style="background:#ff99cc" | Fm | Fermium | Enrico Fermi, physicist | 7 | [257]1 | (10)11 | (1125)11 | – | – | 1.3 | 0 8 | |
101 | style="background:#ff99cc" | Md | Mendelevium | Dmitri Mendeleev, chemist and inventor | 7 | [258]1 | (10)11 | (1100)11 | – | – | 1.3 | 0 8 | |
102 | style="background:#ff99cc" | No | Nobelium | Alfred Nobel, chemist, engineer, innovator, and armaments manufacturer | 7 | [259]1 | (10)11 | (1100)11 | – | – | 1.3 | 0 8 | |
103 | style="background:#ff99cc" | Lr | Lawrencium | Ernest O. Lawrence, physicist | 3 | 7 | [266]1 | (16)11 | (1900)11 | – | – | 1.3 | 0 8 |
104 | style="background:#ffc0c0" | Rf | Rutherfordium | Ernest Rutherford, chemist and physicist | 4 | 7 | [267]1 | (23.2)11 | (2400)11 | (5800)11 | – | – | 0 8 |
105 | style="background:#ffc0c0" | Db | Dubnium | Dubna, Russia | 5 | 7 | [268]1 | (29.3)11 | – | – | – | – | 0 8 |
106 | style="background:#ffc0c0" | Sg | Seaborgium | Glenn T. Seaborg, scientist | 6 | 7 | [269]1 | (35.0)11 | – | – | – | – | 0 8 |
107 | style="background:#ffc0c0" | Bh | Bohrium | Niels Bohr, physicist | 7 | 7 | [270]1 | (37.1)11 | – | – | – | – | 0 8 |
108 | style="background:#ffc0c0" | Hs | Hassium | Hesse, Germany, where the element was first synthesized | 8 | 7 | [269]1 | (40.7)11 | – | – | – | – | 0 8 |
109 | Mt | Meitnerium | Lise Meitner, physicist | 9 | 7 | [278]1 | (37.4)11 | – | – | – | – | 0 8 |
110 | Ds | Darmstadtium | Darmstadt, Germany, where the element was first synthesized | 10 | 7 | [281]1 | (34.8)11 | – | – | – | – | 0 8 |
111 | Rg | Roentgenium | Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, physicist | 11 | 7 | [282]1 | (28.7)11 | – | – | – | – | 0 8 |
112 | style="background:#ffc0c0" | Cn | Copernicium | Nicolaus Copernicus, astronomer | 12 | 7 | [285]1 | (23.7)11 | – | 357 12 | – | – | 0 8 |
113 | Uut | Ununtrium | IUPAC systematic element name | 13 | 7 | [286]1 | (16)11 | (700)11 | (1400)11 | – | – | 0 8 |
114 | style="background:#cccccc" | Fl | Flerovium | Georgy Flyorov, physicist | 14 | 7 | [289]1 | (14)11 | (340)11 | (420)11 | – | – | 0 8 |
115 | Uup | Ununpentium | IUPAC systematic element name | 15 | 7 | [289]1 | (13.5)11 | (700)11 | (1400)11 | – | – | 0 8 |
116 | Lv | Livermorium | Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (in Livermore, California) which collaborated with JINR on its synthesis | 16 | 7 | [293]1 | (12.9)11 | (709)11 | (1085)11 | – | – | 0 8 |
117 | Uus | Ununseptium | IUPAC systematic element name | 17 | 7 | [294]1 | (7.2)11 | (723)11 | (883)11 | – | – | 0 8 |
118 | Uuo | Ununoctium | IUPAC systematic element name | 18 | 7 | [294]1 | (5.0)11 13 | (258)11 | (263)11 | – | – | 0 8 |
Notes
- ^1 The element does not have any stable nuclides, and a value in brackets, e.g. [209], indicates the mass number of the longest-lived isotope of the element. However, four such elements, bismuth, thorium, protactinium, and uranium, have characteristic terrestrial isotopic compositions, and thus their standard atomic weights are given.
- ^2 The isotopic composition of this element varies in some geological specimens, and the variation may exceed the uncertainty stated in the table.
- ^3 The isotopic composition of the element can vary in commercial materials, which can cause the atomic weight to deviate significantly from the given value.
- ^4 The isotopic composition varies in terrestrial material such that a more precise atomic weight can not be given.
- ^5 The atomic weight of commercial lithium can vary between 6.939 and 6.996—analysis of the specific material is necessary to find a more accurate value.
- ^6 This element does not solidify at a pressure of one atmosphere. The value listed above, 0.95 K, is the temperature at which helium does solidify at a pressure of 25 atmospheres.
- ^7 This element sublimes at one atmosphere of pressure
- ^8 The transuranic elements 95 and above do not occur naturally, but some of them can be produced artificially.
- ^9 The value listed is the conventional atomic-weight value suitable for trade and commerce. The actual value may differ depending on the isotopic composition of the sample. Since 2009, IUPAC provides the standard atomic-weight values for these elements using the interval notation. The corresponding standard atomic weights are:
- Hydrogen: [1.00784, 1.00811]
- Lithium: [6.938, 6.997]
- Boron: [10.806, 10.821]
- Carbon: [12.0096, 12.0116]
- Nitrogen: [14.00643, 14.00728]
- Oxygen: [15.99903, 15.99977]
- Magnesium: [24.304, 24.307]
- Silicon: [28.084, 28.086]
- Sulfur: [32.059, 32.076]
- Chlorine: [35.446, 35.457]
- Bromine: [79.901, 79.907]
- Thallium: [204.382, 204.385]
- ^10 Electronegativity on the Pauling scale. Standard symbol: χ
- ^11 The value has not been precisely measured, usually because of the element's short half-life; the value given in parentheses is a prediction.
- ^12 With error bars: 357+112
−108 K. - ^13 This predicted value is for liquid ununoctium, not gaseous ununoctium.
References
- Wieser, Michael E.; Holden, Norman (2013). "Atomic weights of the elements 2011 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure Appl. Chem. 85 (5). IUPAC: 1047–1078. doi:10.1351/PAC-REP-13-03-02.
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ignored (|display-authors=
suggested) (help) (for standard atomic weights of elements) - Sonzogni, Alejandro. "Interactive Chart of Nuclides". National Nuclear Data Center: Brookhaven National Laboratory. Retrieved 2008-06-06. (for atomic weights of elements with atomic numbers 103–118)
External links
- Atoms made thinkable, an interactive visualisation of the elements allowing physical and chemical properties to be compared
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1 | H | He | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2 | Li | Be | B | C | N | O | F | Ne | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
3 | Na | Mg | Al | Si | P | S | Cl | Ar | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
4 | K | Ca | Sc | Ti | V | Cr | Mn | Fe | Co | Ni | Cu | Zn | Ga | Ge | As | Se | Br | Kr | ||||||||||||||
5 | Rb | Sr | Y | Zr | Nb | Mo | Tc | Ru | Rh | Pd | Ag | Cd | In | Sn | Sb | Te | I | Xe | ||||||||||||||
6 | Cs | Ba | La | Ce | Pr | Nd | Pm | Sm | Eu | Gd | Tb | Dy | Ho | Er | Tm | Yb | Lu | Hf | Ta | W | Re | Os | Ir | Pt | Au | Hg | Tl | Pb | Bi | Po | At | Rn |
7 | Fr | Ra | Ac | Th | Pa | U | Np | Pu | Am | Cm | Bk | Cf | Es | Fm | Md | No | Lr | Rf | Db | Sg | Bh | Hs | Mt | Ds | Rg | Cn | Nh | Fl | Mc | Lv | Ts | Og |
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