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{{Short description|Turkish passenger ship}}
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{|{{Infobox Ship Begin}}▼
{{Multiple issues|
{{Infobox Ship Image▼
{{lead too short|date=August 2014}}
|Ship image = [[Image:Mavi Marmara leaving port.jpg|300px]]▼
{{Cleanup|reason=NPOV, grammar, and style issues)|date=August 2016}}
|Ship caption = Mavi Marmara leaving Istanbul for Gaza on May 22, 2010▼
}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2019}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin|infobox caption=MV ''Mavi Marmara''}}
|Hide header=
|Ship
|Ship flag = [[File:Flag of the Comoros.svg|border|60px]]
|Ship name= MV ''{{lang|tr|Mavi Marmara}}''
|Ship
|Ship operator={{lang|tr|IHH (İnsani Yardım Vakfı)}}<ref name="hurriyet-turkish rights" />
|Ship ordered=
|Ship builder= {{lang|tr|Türkiye Gemi
|Ship yard number= 302<ref name="tg"/>
|Ship laid down=
|Ship launched=
|Ship completed= November 9, 1994<ref name="dto">{{cite web |url=http://www.dtoizmir.org/ShiplistDetay%281%29.pdf |publisher=
|Ship christened=
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|Ship homeport= [[
|Ship fate=
|Ship status=
|Ship identification= {{IMO Number|9005869}}<ref name="ds">{{cite web |url=http://www.digital-seas.com/vessel_search/vessel_details/on/d6fu2_m_s_mavi_marmara_q2052726.html |publisher=Digital Seas |title=MS Mavi Marmara |
}}
{{Infobox
|Hide header=
|Header caption=
|Ship
|Ship tonnage= {{GT|4,142
|Ship displacement=
|Ship length= {{convert|93|m|ft|abbr=on}}<ref name="ds"/>
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|Ship height=
|Ship draught=
|Ship draft={{convert|4|m|ft|abbr=on}}<ref name="mt">{{cite web |url=http://www.marinetraffic.com/ais/tr/shipdetails.aspx?mmsi=616952000&header=true |publisher=Marine Traffic |title=M/S Mavi Marmara |language=
|Ship depth=
|Ship ice class=
|Ship sail plan=
|Ship power= 4,400 kW<ref name="dto"/>
|Ship propulsion= 2{{clarify|date=April 2012}}<ref name="dto"/>
|Ship auxiliary propulsion=
|Ship speed= max. {{convert|9.9|kn
|Ship capacity=1,080 passengers<ref name="ido"/>
|Ship crew=
|Ship notes=
}}
|}{{gaza blockade}}
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'''MV ''Mavi Marmara''''' is a [[
==History==
===Gaza Freedom Flotilla===
{{main|Gaza flotilla raid}}
The MV ''{{lang|tr|Mavi Marmara}}'' was purchased in 2010 by the [[IHH (Turkish NGO)|IHH]], a [[Turkey|Turkish]] NGO active as a charity organization in more than 115 countries.<ref name=BBC_01June2010a>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/world/middle_east/10202678.stm |title=Profile: Free Gaza Movement |date=June 1, 2010 |work=BBC News|publisher=BBC |access-date=April 29, 2011}}</ref> The group has represented its Turkish language name in English in various ways, "IHH Humanitarian Relief Foundation"<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ihh.org.tr/ihh-dan-israil-raporuna-aciklama/en/ |title=IHH Statement Regarding The Israeli Report |quote=IHH Humanitarian Relief Foundation continues to insist on its request for an international probe to independently investigate the Israeli attack on Mavi Marmara. |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100820132306/http://www.ihh.org.tr/ihh-dan-israil-raporuna-aciklama/en |archive-date=August 20, 2010 }}</ref> among them. It has held [[Special Consultative Status]] with the [[United Nations Economic and Social Council]] since 2004,<ref name="ecosoc">{{Cite web|title=Foundation for Human Rights and Freedoms and Humanitarian Relief, The |url=http://esango.un.org/civilsociety/showProfileDetail.do?method=showProfileDetails&tab=1&profileCode=2525 |publisher=NGO Branch, [[United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs]]|access-date=June 2, 2010}}</ref><ref name="ecosocNGOlist">{{Cite web|title=List of non-governmental organizations in consultative status with the Economic and Social Council as of 1 September 2009 | url=http://esango.un.org/paperless/content/E2009INF4.pdf |publisher=[[United Nations Economic and Social Council]] |access-date=June 8, 2010}}</ref> and is endorsed by international figures that include South African Archbishop Desmond Tutu and Nobel Peace Prize laureate Mairead Corrigan Maguire.<ref name=BBC_01June2010a/><ref name=Telegraph_31May2010a>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/israel/7790919/Gaza-flotilla-the-Free-Gaza-Movement-and-the-IHH.html |title=Gaza flotilla: the Free Gaza Movement and the IHH |author= Spencer, Richard |date=May 31, 2010 |work=The Daily Telegraph |access-date=April 29, 2011 |location=London}}</ref>
The German IHH is classified in Israel and Holland as a terrorist organization.<ref>{{cite news |author=Benjamin Weinthal |url=https://www.jpost.com/international/dutch-government-places-ihh-on-terror-list |title=Dutch government places IHH on terror list |newspaper=The Jerusalem Post |date=May 1, 2011 |access-date=May 6, 2024}}</ref> Much of their money goes to the [[Union of Good]], which is designated as a [[Specially Designated Terrorist Group]] by the US [[Office of Foreign Assets Control]] and banned by Executive Order 13224.<ref name="eo-13224" /> In 2010, the US State Department expressed great concern over the group's links with senior Hamas officials.<ref name="US concern about IHH-Hamas links">{{cite news|title=US concerned over IHH-Hamas ties|url=http://www.jpost.com/International/Article.aspx?id=177328|work=The Jerusalem Post|date=March 6, 2010}}</ref> Israel's [[Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center]], an NGO with close ties to the Israeli Defense Forces, along with multiple Israeli governmental officials have alleged that the IHH supports terrorism, has smuggled arms on behalf of terrorist groups, and has links to al-Qaeda and other Jihadist groups.<ref name=BBC_01June2010a/><ref name=Telegraph_31May2010a/> The IHH denies these claims, and Greta Berlin, a director of the [[Free Gaza Movement]], called the claims "utterly scurrilous", characterizing them as an attempt by the Israeli government to discredit the movement.<ref name=BBC_01June2010a/>
However, IHH Turkey has denied any links to the group in Germany<ref>{{cite web |date=July 17, 2010 |title=We have no links with the IHH in Germany |location=Istanbul |publisher=[[IHH (Turkish NGO)|IHH Humanitarian Relief Foundation]] |url=http://www.ihh.org.tr/en/main/region/europe/11/we-have-no-links-with-the-ihh-in-germany/168 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205093753/https://www.ihh.org.tr/en/news/we-have-no-links-with-the-ihh-in-germany-168 |archive-date=February 5, 2017}}</ref> and, as of 2016, continues to work on projects in Gaza.<ref>{{cite web |last=Lee |first=Iara |date=July 16, 2010 |title=Slandering the Good Guys: Some Basic Facts About IHH |work=[[The Huffington Post]] |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/slandering-the-good-guys_b_649604 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190728130123/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/slandering-the-good-guys_b_649604 |archive-date=July 28, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Fleishman |first=Jeffrey |date=June 6, 2010 |title=Turkish charity defends actions |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |url=http://articles.latimes.com/2010/jun/06/world/la-fg-turkey-charity-20100606 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190728130947/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2010-jun-06-la-fg-turkey-charity-20100606-story.html |archive-date=July 28, 2019}}</ref> Turkish legal authorities are investigating allegations that one of the key figures behind the May 2010 Gaza flotilla, [[Fehmi Bülent Yıldırım]], was involved in transferring funds to al-Qaida, the Turkish daily Habertürk reported on June 15, 2012.<ref name="Turkey investigating IHH head for funding al-Qaida">{{cite news|title=Turkey investigating IHH head for funding al-Qaida|url=http://www.jpost.com/International/Article.aspx?ID=273979&R=R1|work=The Jerusalem Post|date=June 15, 2010}}</ref>
The IHH acquired the ''Mavi Marmara'' at a cost of $800,000, to be defrayed by public donations, as no shipowner was willing to risk their vessel on the journey.<ref name="hurriyet-turkish rights">{{cite news|title=Turkish rights group's cargo ship to set sail with Gaza aid|url=http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/n.php?n=cargo-ship-will-set-out-to-gaza-to-deliver-aid-2010-04-13|work=Hürriyet|date=May 13, 2010}}</ref> The ship took part in a flotilla of ships operated by activist groups from 37 different countries with the intention of directly confronting the [[Gaza blockade|Israeli blockade over Gaza]]. On May 30, 2010, while in [[international waters]] and en route to Gaza, Israeli Naval Forces communicated that a naval blockade over the Gaza area was in force and ordered the ships to follow them to [[Ashdod Port]] or to be boarded. The ships declined and were boarded in international waters. The boarding started at 2 am on May 31, 2010, and was completed by 8 am. Reports from journalists on the ship<ref>{{cite news |last=Gabbatt |first=Adam |date=May 31, 2010 |title=Israel attacks Gaza flotilla - live coverage |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/blog/2010/may/31/israel-troops-gaza-ships |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130914225959/https://www.theguardian.com/world/blog/2010/may/31/israel-troops-gaza-ships |archive-date=September 14, 2013}}</ref> and from the UN report on the incident concluded that the Israeli military opened fire with live rounds before boarding the ship.<ref name="live rounds"/>
====Violent incident====
Passengers on the ship actively attempted to thwart a landing on the ship by Israeli commandos. In the violent clash that followed, nine activists were killed (according to the UN Report),<ref>{{cite web |title=Fifteenth session, agenda item 1 |date=September 27, 2010 |publisher=[[United Nations Human Rights Council]] |url=http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/hrcouncil/docs/15session/A.HRC.15.21_en.pdf |access-date=July 28, 2019 |ref={{harvid|HRC report|2010}}}}</ref> and a tenth died four years later of his wounds.<ref>{{cite web |date=May 25, 2014 |title=Mavi Marmara death toll rises to 10 |work=[[Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera]] |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/humanrights/2014/05/mavi-marmara-death-toll-rises-10-2014525145911267813.html |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160521011309/http://www.aljazeera.com/humanrights/2014/05/mavi-marmara-death-toll-rises-10-2014525145911267813.html |archive-date=May 21, 2016 |access-date=May 20, 2016 }}</ref> Several dozen activists were claimed to be injured, some seriously. Israel claimed 10 of its soldiers were injured, one seriously.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/10195838.stm|title=Deaths as Israeli forces storm Gaza aid ship|publisher=BBC News|date=May 31, 2010}}</ref>
The U.N. report stated that knives from the ship's kitchens (plus one traditional, ceremonial knife), some catapults (slingshots) and metal pipes the passengers cut from the ship's railings were found. Turkey unveiled its final report on the Israeli attack on the Gaza-bound aid convoy on February 11, 2011.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.turkishpress.com/news.asp?id=364071|title=Turkey unveils its final report on Israeli attack on Gaza-bound aid convoy|publisher=Turkish Press|date=February 11, 2011}}</ref> The Israeli government-appointed [[Turkel Committee|Turkel Commission]] unveiled its final report in January 2011, and found both the blockade and the force used by the Israeli soldiers to be legal. A Polish authority on admiralty law, Professor Andrzej Makowski of the Polish Naval Academy in Gdynia, also upheld this view in an extensive article in the ''[[Israel Journal of Foreign Affairs]]'' in May 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://israelcfr.com/documents/7-2/7-2-6-AndrzejMakowski.pdf|title=The Mavi Marmara Incident and the Modern Law of Armed Conflict at Sea|publisher=Israel Journal on Foreign Relations|date= May 2013}}</ref>
====Release and return home====
[[File:Mavi Marmara 2010-12-26.JPG|thumb|''Mavi Marmara'' making a tour of Istanbul harbour on the occasion of her return to Istanbul]]
The Israeli government decided on July 23, 2010, to release the three ships of the Gaza Freedom flotilla, two of which had been moored at the [[Port of Haifa]] and the third at the [[Port of Ashdod]] since their interception. Three Turkish [[tugboat]]s were dispatched to bring the ships back to Turkey. The ''Mavi Marmara'' was towed by the ''Ocean Ergun'' in a two-day ride to the Port of [[Iskenderun]], arriving an August 7, 2010.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/dunya/15485007.asp |newspaper=[[Hürriyet]] |title=Mavi Marmara gemisi Türkiye doğru yola çıkıyor |date=August 4, 2010 |language=tr }}</ref>
Nobody was permitted to board the ''Mavi Marmara'' due to investigations underway by the public prosecutor, but broken windows and bullet holes on the glass of the [[pilothouse]] were visible in pictures released. The IHH emblem on the ship's [[port (nautical)|port side]] was painted over in white.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/15505285.asp |newspaper=[[Hürriyet]] |title='Mavi Marmara' İskenderun'da |date=August 7, 2010 |language=tr }}</ref> According to Turkish news, forensic teams identified some 250 bullet holes in the ship, many of which they claim were painted or plastered over by Israel.<ref>{{cite news |last=Aktuğ |first=Ufuk |date=August 10, 2010 |title=Mavi Marmara'da 250 mermi izi çıktı |trans-title=250 bullet scars found on the Mavi Marmara |language=tr |url=http://www.radikal.com.tr/Radikal.aspx?aType=RadikalDetay&ArticleID=1013066&Date=11.08.2010&CategoryID=77 |newspaper=[[Radikal]] |access-date=January 19, 2014}}</ref> The ship returned to [[Istanbul]] harbour on December 26, 2010, in a welcoming ceremony attended by thousands.<ref>{{cite news |title=Thousands greets Mavi Marmara aid ship |date=December 26, 2010 |newspaper=[[Today's Zaman]] |url=http://www.todayszaman.com/news-230733-thousands-greets-mavi-marmara-aid-ship.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101228032842/http://www.todayszaman.com/news-230733-thousands-greets-mavi-marmara-aid-ship.html |archive-date=December 28, 2010}}</ref>
===Freedom Flotilla II===
{{main|Freedom Flotilla II}}
A coalition of 22 NGOs announced on May 9, 2011, that a "Freedom Flotilla II" was planned for the third week of June 2011.<ref name="NYT_11May2011a">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/12/world/middleeast/12iht-M12-TURK-FLEET.html |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |title=A Year After Israeli Raid, 2nd Flotilla to Set Sail for Gaza |date=May 11, 2011 |first=Susanne |last=Güsten}}</ref> The ''Financial Times'' reported on June 17, 2011, that the ''Mavi Marmara'' would not be sailing, as previously announced. The [[IHH (Turkish NGO)|IHH]] said that after damage caused last year to the ship, that it was not in a position to put to sea. The group stressed that it would still be part of the new flotilla; members of the group will board other ships in the effort.<ref>{{cite news |date=June 17, 2011 |author=Tobias Buck |work=Financial Times |url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/ec4ab2dc-98eb-11e0-bd66-00144feab49a.html#axzz1Q5NwJZP2 |title=Turkish flagship pulls out of Gaza flotilla |access-date=June 3, 2014 |url-access=subscription }}</ref>
==Ship's registry==
Line 59 ⟶ 96:
==Sister ships==
*
==References==
{{Reflist|2|refs=
<ref name="eo-13224">{{cite press release |date=November 12, 2008 |title=Treasury Designates the Union of Good |publisher=U.S. Department of the Treasury |url=http://www.ustreas.gov/press/releases/hp1267.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101130212752/http://www.ustreas.gov/press/releases/hp1267.htm |archive-date=November 30, 2010}}
<br/>• {{cite web |title=Executive order 13224 |date=August 28, 2008<!-- see page 115--> |publisher=U.S. Department of the Treasury, [[Office of Foreign Assets Control]] |url=http://www.treasury.gov/offices/enforcement/ofac/programs/terror/terror.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101130212752/http://www.ustreas.gov/press/releases/hp1267.htm |archive-date=November 30, 2010}}
<br/>• {{cite news |title=US concerned over IHH-Hamas ties |work=The Jerusalem Post |url=http://www.jpost.com/International/Article.aspx?id=177328 |author=Hilary Krieger |date=March 6, 2010 |access-date=January 30, 2012 }}
<br/>• {{cite web |title=Portrait of IHH |url=http://www.terrorism-info.org.il/malam_multimedia/English/eng_n/html/hamas_e105.htm |publisher=Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center |date=May 26, 2010 |access-date=January 30, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100530032406/http://www.terrorism-info.org.il/malam_multimedia/English/eng_n/html/hamas_e105.htm |archive-date=May 30, 2010 }}
<br/>• {{cite news |title=The Terror Finance Flotilla |url=http://www.weeklystandard.com/blogs/terror-finance-flotilla |author=Jonathan Schanzer |work=The Weekly Standard |date=May 31, 2010 |access-date=January 13, 2012 }}
<br/>• {{cite news |title=Germany outlaws charity over alleged Hamas links |url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/germany-outlaws-charity-over-alleged-hamas-links-1.301483 |work=Haaretz |author=DPA |date=July 12, 2010 |access-date=January 13, 2012 }}</ref>
<ref name="live rounds">{{harvnb|HRC report|2010|p=26}}
<br/>• {{cite AV media |title=Interview with Jamal Elshayyal |date=June 3, 2010 |work=[[Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera]] |url=http://english.aljazeera.net/video/middleeast/2010/06/201063123021327499.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190325153704/https://www.aljazeera.com/video/middleeast/2010/06/201063123021327499.html |archive-date=Mar 25, 2019}}
<br/>• {{cite news |last=Katz |first=Yaakov |title=Navy commandos:'They came for war' |url=http://www.jpost.com/Israel/Article.aspx?id=177040 |work=The Jerusalem Post |access-date=March 20, 2011 }}
<br/>• {{cite news |title=Details emerge of bloodshed aboard Gaza-bound ship |date=June 2, 2010 |url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5i4FlVwMgaQcImeSQwTKnGrH2VZUAD9G3CKJO0 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5qHYg61LU?url=http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5i4FlVwMgaQcImeSQwTKnGrH2VZUAD9G3CKJO0 |archive-date=June 6, 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
}}
==External links==
*{{
*[http://www.newsweek.com/us-officials-doubt-israeli-claims-about-terrorists-gaza-flotilla-217352 U.S. Officials Doubt Israeli Claims About Terrorists in Gaza Flotilla], ''Newsweek'' (June 3, 2010)
{{DEFAULTSORT:Mavi Marmara}}
[[Category:1994 ships]]
[[Category:Gaza flotilla raid]]
[[Category:Passenger ships of Turkey]]
[[Category:Ships built in
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Revision as of 19:26, 6 May 2024
![]() MV Mavi Marmara leaving Antalya for Gaza on May 22, 2010.
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History | |
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Name | MV Mavi Marmara |
Owner | IHH (İnsani Yardım Vakfı)[3] |
Operator | IHH (İnsani Yardım Vakfı)[3] |
Builder | Türkiye Gemi Sanayii A.Ş.[4] |
Yard number | 302[4] |
Completed | November 9, 1994[2] |
Homeport | Moroni, Comoros (2010). Previously Istanbul, Turkey |
Identification | IMO number: 9005869[1] |
General characteristics | |
Type | Passenger ship |
Tonnage | 4,142 GT |
Length | 93 m (305 ft)[1] |
Beam | 20 m (66 ft)[1] |
Draft | 4 m (13 ft)[6] |
Installed power | 4,400 kW[2] |
Propulsion | 2[clarification needed][2] |
Speed | max. 9.9 knots (18.3 km/h; 11.4 mph)- avg. 7.2 knots (13.3 km/h; 8.3 mph)[6] |
Capacity | 1,080 passengers[5] |
Blockade of the Gaza Strip |
---|
Crossings |
2004 |
Philadelphi Accord |
2006 |
Economic sanctions |
2007 |
Fatah–Hamas battle |
2008 |
2009 |
Viva Palestina "Lifeline 3" |
2010 |
2011 |
2015 |
Freedom Flotilla III |
2016 |
Women's Boat to Gaza |
2023 |
Israeli "total blockade" |
2024 |
2024 Gaza freedom flotilla |
MV Mavi Marmara is a Comoros-flagged[7] passenger ship, which was formerly owned and operated by İDO Istanbul Fast Ferries Co. Inc. on the line Sarayburnu, Istanbul-Marmara Island-Avşa Island in the Sea of Marmara. Built at the Golden Gate Shipyard by Turkish Shipbuilding Co. in 1994, the ship has a capacity of 1,080 passengers.[5] It is best known for its participation in the Gaza Freedom Flotilla and the deadly confrontation that took place on it during the Gaza flotilla raid.
History
Gaza Freedom Flotilla
The MV Mavi Marmara was purchased in 2010 by the IHH, a Turkish NGO active as a charity organization in more than 115 countries.[8] The group has represented its Turkish language name in English in various ways, "IHH Humanitarian Relief Foundation"[9] among them. It has held Special Consultative Status with the United Nations Economic and Social Council since 2004,[10][11] and is endorsed by international figures that include South African Archbishop Desmond Tutu and Nobel Peace Prize laureate Mairead Corrigan Maguire.[8][12]
The German IHH is classified in Israel and Holland as a terrorist organization.[13] Much of their money goes to the Union of Good, which is designated as a Specially Designated Terrorist Group by the US Office of Foreign Assets Control and banned by Executive Order 13224.[14] In 2010, the US State Department expressed great concern over the group's links with senior Hamas officials.[15] Israel's Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center, an NGO with close ties to the Israeli Defense Forces, along with multiple Israeli governmental officials have alleged that the IHH supports terrorism, has smuggled arms on behalf of terrorist groups, and has links to al-Qaeda and other Jihadist groups.[8][12] The IHH denies these claims, and Greta Berlin, a director of the Free Gaza Movement, called the claims "utterly scurrilous", characterizing them as an attempt by the Israeli government to discredit the movement.[8]
However, IHH Turkey has denied any links to the group in Germany[16] and, as of 2016, continues to work on projects in Gaza.[17][18] Turkish legal authorities are investigating allegations that one of the key figures behind the May 2010 Gaza flotilla, Fehmi Bülent Yıldırım, was involved in transferring funds to al-Qaida, the Turkish daily Habertürk reported on June 15, 2012.[19]
The IHH acquired the Mavi Marmara at a cost of $800,000, to be defrayed by public donations, as no shipowner was willing to risk their vessel on the journey.[3] The ship took part in a flotilla of ships operated by activist groups from 37 different countries with the intention of directly confronting the Israeli blockade over Gaza. On May 30, 2010, while in international waters and en route to Gaza, Israeli Naval Forces communicated that a naval blockade over the Gaza area was in force and ordered the ships to follow them to Ashdod Port or to be boarded. The ships declined and were boarded in international waters. The boarding started at 2 am on May 31, 2010, and was completed by 8 am. Reports from journalists on the ship[20] and from the UN report on the incident concluded that the Israeli military opened fire with live rounds before boarding the ship.[21]
Violent incident
Passengers on the ship actively attempted to thwart a landing on the ship by Israeli commandos. In the violent clash that followed, nine activists were killed (according to the UN Report),[22] and a tenth died four years later of his wounds.[23] Several dozen activists were claimed to be injured, some seriously. Israel claimed 10 of its soldiers were injured, one seriously.[24]
The U.N. report stated that knives from the ship's kitchens (plus one traditional, ceremonial knife), some catapults (slingshots) and metal pipes the passengers cut from the ship's railings were found. Turkey unveiled its final report on the Israeli attack on the Gaza-bound aid convoy on February 11, 2011.[25] The Israeli government-appointed Turkel Commission unveiled its final report in January 2011, and found both the blockade and the force used by the Israeli soldiers to be legal. A Polish authority on admiralty law, Professor Andrzej Makowski of the Polish Naval Academy in Gdynia, also upheld this view in an extensive article in the Israel Journal of Foreign Affairs in May 2013.[26]
Release and return home
The Israeli government decided on July 23, 2010, to release the three ships of the Gaza Freedom flotilla, two of which had been moored at the Port of Haifa and the third at the Port of Ashdod since their interception. Three Turkish tugboats were dispatched to bring the ships back to Turkey. The Mavi Marmara was towed by the Ocean Ergun in a two-day ride to the Port of Iskenderun, arriving an August 7, 2010.[27]
Nobody was permitted to board the Mavi Marmara due to investigations underway by the public prosecutor, but broken windows and bullet holes on the glass of the pilothouse were visible in pictures released. The IHH emblem on the ship's port side was painted over in white.[28] According to Turkish news, forensic teams identified some 250 bullet holes in the ship, many of which they claim were painted or plastered over by Israel.[29] The ship returned to Istanbul harbour on December 26, 2010, in a welcoming ceremony attended by thousands.[30]
Freedom Flotilla II
A coalition of 22 NGOs announced on May 9, 2011, that a "Freedom Flotilla II" was planned for the third week of June 2011.[31] The Financial Times reported on June 17, 2011, that the Mavi Marmara would not be sailing, as previously announced. The IHH said that after damage caused last year to the ship, that it was not in a position to put to sea. The group stressed that it would still be part of the new flotilla; members of the group will board other ships in the effort.[32]
Ship's registry
- ex MS Beydağı[4]
Sister ships
References
- ^ a b c "MS Mavi Marmara". Digital Seas. Retrieved May 31, 2010.
- ^ a b c "Detay Gemi Listesi" (PDF) (in Turkish). Izmir Maritime Chamber of Commerce. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 11, 2010. Retrieved May 31, 2010. |
- ^ a b c "Turkish rights group's cargo ship to set sail with Gaza aid". Hürriyet. May 13, 2010.
- ^ a b c d "Mavi Marmara" (in Turkish). Türk Gemileri. Retrieved May 31, 2010.
- ^ a b "Mavi Marmara Yolcu Gemisi" (in Turkish). IDO. Archived from the original on June 3, 2010. Retrieved May 31, 2010.
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{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ "Deaths as Israeli forces storm Gaza aid ship". BBC News. May 31, 2010.
- ^ "Turkey unveils its final report on Israeli attack on Gaza-bound aid convoy". Turkish Press. February 11, 2011.
- ^ "The Mavi Marmara Incident and the Modern Law of Armed Conflict at Sea" (PDF). Israel Journal on Foreign Relations. May 2013.
- ^ "Mavi Marmara gemisi Türkiye doğru yola çıkıyor". Hürriyet (in Turkish). August 4, 2010.
- ^ "'Mavi Marmara' İskenderun'da". Hürriyet (in Turkish). August 7, 2010.
- ^ Aktuğ, Ufuk (August 10, 2010). "Mavi Marmara'da 250 mermi izi çıktı" [250 bullet scars found on the Mavi Marmara]. Radikal (in Turkish). Retrieved January 19, 2014.
- ^ "Thousands greets Mavi Marmara aid ship". Today's Zaman. December 26, 2010. Archived from the original on December 28, 2010.
- ^ Güsten, Susanne (May 11, 2011). "A Year After Israeli Raid, 2nd Flotilla to Set Sail for Gaza". The New York Times.
- ^ Tobias Buck (June 17, 2011). "Turkish flagship pulls out of Gaza flotilla". Financial Times. Retrieved June 3, 2014.
- ^ "TDI Karadeniz (9005871)". Miramar Ship Index. Retrieved March 3, 2021.
External links
Media related to Mavi Marmara (ship, 1994) at Wikimedia Commons
- U.S. Officials Doubt Israeli Claims About Terrorists in Gaza Flotilla, Newsweek (June 3, 2010)