![]() 9M-MRD, the aircraft involved in the incident, photographed in October 2011 | |
Shootdown | |
---|---|
Date | 17 July 2014 |
Summary | Airliner shootdown |
Site | Near Hrabove, Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine 48°8′17″N 38°38′20″E / 48.13806°N 38.63889°E |
Aircraft | |
Aircraft type | Boeing 777-2H6ER |
Operator | Malaysia Airlines |
Registration | 9M-MRD |
Flight origin | Amsterdam Airport Schiphol |
Destination | Kuala Lumpur International Airport |
Passengers | 283 |
Crew | 15 |
Fatalities | 298 (all) |
Survivors | 0 |
Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 (MH17/MAS17)[a] was a scheduled international passenger flight from Amsterdam to Kuala Lumpur that crashed on 17 July 2014, presumed to have been shot down, killing all 283 passengers and 15 crew on board.[2] The Boeing 777-200ER airliner lost contact about 50 km (31 mi) from the Ukraine–Russia border and crashed near Torez in Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine, 40 km (25 mi) from the border,[3] over territory controlled by pro-Russian separatists.[4] The crash occurred during the Battle in Shakhtarsk Raion, part of the ongoing war in Donbass, in an area controlled by the Donbass People's Militia. According to US intelligence sources, intelligence assembled in the five days after the crash pointed overwhelmingly to pro-Russian separatists having shot down the plane using a Buk surface-to-air missile fired from the territory which they controlled. The Russian government however blamed the Ukrainian Government.[5] The Dutch Safety Board is now leading an investigation into the incident and issued a preliminary report on 9 September while a final accident report is expected within one year.[2]
The US sources stated that their judgement was based on sensors that traced the path of the missile, shrapnel patterns in the wreckage, voice print analysis of separatists' conversations in which they claimed credit for the strike, and photos and other data from social media sites all indicated that Russian-backed separatists had fired the missile.[5] Immediately after the crash, a post appeared on the VKontakte social media attributed to Igor Girkin, leader of the Donbass separatists, claiming responsibility for shooting down a military aircraft,[6][7][8] but after it became clear that a civilian aircraft had been shot down, the separatists denied any involvement, and Russia has said that Ukraine "bears full, total responsibility" for the crash because it happened in Ukrainian airspace.[9] The Ukrainian government says the missile was launched by "Russian professionals and coordinated from Russia".[10][11] Malaysia said intelligence reports on the downing of Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 were "pretty conclusive" and investigators believed the plane was brought down by a surface-to-air missile from an area controlled by pro-Russian separatists.[12]
The crash of MH17 marks the fifth Boeing 777 hull loss, the third in just over a year.[13][14] With 298 deaths, MH17 is the deadliest air incident in Ukraine[15] and the deadliest airliner shootdown in history.[16] The crash was Malaysia Airlines' worst incident and its second of the year, after the disappearance of Flight 370 (9M-MRO) on 8 March, en route to Beijing from Kuala Lumpur.[17]
Aircraft
Flight 17 was operated with a Boeing 777-2H6ER,[b] serial number 28411, registration 9M-MRD.[18] The 84th Boeing 777 produced, it first flew on 17 July 1997, exactly 17 years before the incident, and was delivered new to Malaysia Airlines on 29 July 1997.[19] Powered by two Rolls-Royce Trent 892 engines and carrying up to 282 passengers (35 business and 247 economy), the aircraft had recorded more than 43,000 hours in 6,950 cycles before the crash.[20][21]
The Boeing 777, which entered commercial service on 7 June 1995, has one of the best safety records in commercial aircraft.[22] In June 2014 there were about 1,212 aircraft in service, with 340 more on order.[23]
Passengers and crew
Nation | Number |
---|---|
![]() |
27 |
![]() |
4 |
![]() |
1 |
![]() |
4 |
![]() |
12 |
![]() |
43 |
![]() |
193 |
![]() |
1 |
![]() |
3 |
![]() |
10 |
Total | 298 |
All 283 passengers and 15 crew died.[26][27][28] The crew were Malaysian and about two-thirds of the passengers were Dutch,[17][29] while many of the other passengers were Australians and Malaysians.[30] By 19 July, the airline had determined the nationalities of all 298 passengers and crew.[17] The nationalities are noted in the table.
Among the passengers were delegates en route to the 20th International AIDS Conference in Melbourne, including Joep Lange, a former president of the International AIDS Society, which organized the conference.[31][32][33] Many initial reports erroneously indicated 100 delegates to the conference were aboard, but this was later revised to six.[34] Also on board were Dutch senator Willem Witteveen,[35] Australian author Liam Davison,[36] and Malaysian actress Shuba Jay.[37]
At least twenty family groups were on board the aircraft, and eighty of the passengers were children.[38][39]
The flight had two captains, Wan Amran Wan Hussin of Kuala Kangsar and Eugene Choo Jin Leong (Chinese: 朱仁隆 Zhū Rénlóng[40]) of Seremban, and two copilots, Ahmad Hakimi Hanapi and Muhd Firdaus Abdul Rahim.[41]
Background
A few airlines started to avoid eastern Ukrainian airspace in early March in the wake of the 2014 Crimean crisis, including Korean Air, Asiana Airlines and British Airways.[42][43] In April, the International Civil Aviation Organization warned governments that there was a risk to commercial passenger flights over Ukraine.[44] The US Federal Aviation Administration issued restrictions on flights over Crimea, to the south of MH17's route, and advised airlines flying over the remainder of Ukraine to "exercise extreme caution".[44][45] Aeroflot, Lufthansa, Singapore Airlines, and others continued overflying eastern Ukraine until after MH17 was shot down.[46]
Since the start of the conflict, several Ukrainian Air Force aeroplanes have been downed. On 14 June, an Air Force Ilyushin Il-76 aircraft was shot down on approach to Luhansk International Airport; all 49 people on board died.[47] After that incident, on 29 June, Russian news agencies reported that insurgents had gained access to a Buk missile system after having taken control of a Ukrainian air defence base (possibly the former location of the 156th Anti-Aircraft Rocket Regiment [156 zrp] of the Ukrainian Air Force).[48][49][50] On the same day, the Donetsk People's Republic claimed possession of such a system in a since-deleted tweet.[49][51]
On 14 July, a Ukrainian Air Force An-26 transport plane flying at 21,000 ft (6,400 m) was shot down.[52][53] Militia reportedly claimed via social media that a Buk missile launcher had been used to bring down the aircraft.[54] American officials later said evidence suggested the aeroplane had been shot down from Russian territory.[55] On 16 July, a Sukhoi Su-25 close air support aircraft was shot down. The Ukrainian government said the Russian military had shot down the aircraft with an air-to-air missile fired by a MiG-29 jet in Russia; a spokesman for the Russian defence ministry rejected that report as "absurd".[56][57]
On 15 July, following his visit to Kiev, Polish Minister of Foreign Affairs Radosław Sikorski warned about the dangers posed by the continued Russian military support for pro-Russian separatists, especially ground-to-air missiles.[58] On the same day, a Associated Press journalist saw a Buk launcher in Snizhne, a town in Donetsk Oblast that is 16 kilometres (10 mi) southeast of the crash site. The reporter also saw seven separatist tanks at a petrol station near the town.[59] Associated Press journalists reported that the Buk M-1 was operated by a man "with unfamiliar fatigues and a distinctive Russian accent" escorted by two civilian vehicles.[60]
The airspace above Donetsk Oblast was closed by Ukraine below 26,000 feet (7,900 m) on 1 July 2014 and, on 14 July, below 32,000 feet (9,800 m).[61][62] The route in Russian airspace that MH17 would have taken was closed below 32,000 feet (9,800 m) by Russian air control a few hours before the airliner took off.[63] As with other countries Ukraine receives overflight fees for every commercial aircraft that flies through their borders. This may have contributed to the continued availability of civilian flight paths through the conflict zone.[64][65]
According to Malaysia Airlines, MH17 filed an IFR flight plan requesting to fly at a cruising altitude of 35,000 feet (11,000 m), but was directed to 33,000 feet (10,000 m).[66] The aircraft entered Ukrainian airspace climbing through 32,000 feet (9,800 m), and climbed to 33,000 feet (10,000 m) during its transition across the Kiev flight information region.[67]
Crash
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/MH17_map-en.svg/300px-MH17_map-en.svg.png)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/MH17_Flight_Route_%28en%29.png/300px-MH17_Flight_Route_%28en%29.png)
On 17 July 2014, Flight 17 departed from Amsterdam Airport Schiphol Gate G03 at 12:14 CEST (10:14 UTC)[68] and was due to arrive at Kuala Lumpur International Airport at 06:00, 18 July MYT (22:00, 17 July UTC).
According to the original flight plan MH17 was to fly over Ukraine at flight level 330 (33,000 feet or 10,060 metres) and then change to FL 350 around Dnipropetrovsk. When it reached the area as planned, at 12:53 UTC Dnipropetrovsk air control (Dnipro Control) asked MH17 if they could climb to FL 350 as planned, and also to avoid a potential separation conflict with another flight at FL 330. The crew asked to remain at FL 330 and the air control approved this request, moving the other flight to FL 350. At 13:00 UTC the crew asked for diversion of 20 NM to the left (north) due to weather conditions. This request was also approved by Dnipro Control. The crew then asked if they could climb to FL 340, which was rejected as this flight level was not available at this moment, and MH17 remained at FL 330. At 13:19 UTC Dnipro Control noticed that the flight was 3.6 NM north from the centerline of approved track and instructed MH17 to return to the track. At 13:19 UTC Dnipro Control contacted Russian air control in Rostov-on-Don (RND) over telephone and requested clearance for transferring the flight to Russian air control. After obtaining the permission, Dnipro Control attempted to contact MH17 and pass them the details of Rostov-on-Don track at 13:20 UTC. After MH17 did not respond to several calls, Dnipro Control contacted RND again to check if they can see the Boeing on their radar. RND confirmed that the plane has disappeared.[2]
The last transponder transmission recorded by Flightradar24 was at 13:21 UTC and placed it at 48°02′25″N 38°46′22″E / 48.0403°N 38.7728°E and 33,000 feet (10,000 m), heading 118° at 490 knots.[69][70][71] Three other commercial aircraft were nearby when the Malaysian plane crashed including a Singapore Airlines and Air India jet, with the closest being 30 km (19 mi) away.[72][73]
The aircraft crashed outside Hrabove, near Torez in eastern Ukraine's Donetsk Oblast.[3] The fireball on impact is believed to have been captured on video.[74] Photographs from the site of the crash show scattered pieces of broken fuselage and engine parts, bodies, and passports.[75] Some of the wreckage fell close to houses in Hrabove.[76] Dozens of bodies fell into crop fields, and some fell into houses.[77]
Shortly after the crash, Igor Girkin, leader of the Donbass separatists, was reported to have posted on social media network VKontakte, taking credit for downing a Ukrainian military aircraft. The separatists later recanted and denied involvement after learning that a civilian airliner had been downed, saying they did not have the equipment or training to hit a target at that altitude.[78][79][80]
Aftermath
Immediately following the incident, Ukraine closed all routes in eastern Ukrainian airspace, at all altitudes.[81] Airlines including Aeroflot, Transaero, Air France, Turkish Airlines, Virgin Atlantic, Lufthansa, and S7 Airlines announced their intention to instruct pilots to bypass Ukrainian airspace.[82]
It was suggested that credit and debit cards may have been looted from the bodies of the victims, and the Dutch Banking Association said it would take "preventative measures" against possible fraud.[83] There were also accusations that other possessions had been removed and that evidence at the crash site had been destroyed.[84][85] Dutch prime minister Mark Rutte acknowledged on 6 August that early reports of chaos and criminality around the site may have been exaggerated.[86] One eye-witness observed that valuable items like shoes and bottles of alcohol were untouched in the wreckage.[87]
Shortly after the crash, it was announced that Malaysia Airlines would retire flight number MH17 and change the Amsterdam–Kuala Lumpur route to flight number MH19 beginning on 25 July.[88][89] On 18 July 2014, shares in Malaysia Airlines dropped by nearly 16%.[90]
On 23 July, two Ukrainian military jets were hit by missiles at the altitude of 17,000 feet (5,200 m) close to the area of the MH17 crash. According to the Ukraine Security Council, preliminary information indicated that the missiles came from Russia.[91]
Investigation
On the day of the crash, a meeting was convened of the Trilateral Contact Group (consisting of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), the Ukrainian national government, and Russia). After they had held a video conference with representatives of insurgents affiliated with the Donetsk People's Republic (who control the area where the aircraft crashed), the rebels promised to "provide safe access and security guarantees" to "the national investigation commission" by co-operating with Ukrainian authorities and OSCE monitors.[92] During the first two days of investigation, the militants prevented the OSCE and the workers of Ukrainian Emergencies Ministry from freely working at the crash site. Andre Purgin, a leader of the Donetsk People's Republic, declared later that "we will guarantee the safety of international experts on the scene as soon as Kiev concludes a ceasefire agreement".[93]
An international investigation team is examining why the aircraft crashed. In agreement with the Ukrainian government, the Netherlands are leading the investigation.[94][95] The investigation team consists of 24 investigators with members from Ukraine, Malaysia, Australia, Germany, the United States, the United Kingdom and Russia.[96] In addition to the international accident investigation, the selection of the flight route will also be independently investigated by the Dutch Safety Board.[97] The National Bureau of Air Accidents Investigation of Ukraine (NBAAI) had requested that the DSB participate in the international investigation; the DSB received formal notice of the accident from the NBAAI on 18 July.[98] The NBAAI delegated the investigation to the DSB because of the large number of Dutch passengers and the fact that the flight originated in Amsterdam.[99]
A Malaysian team of 133 officials and experts, comprising search and recovery personnel, forensics experts, technical and medical experts is in Ukraine.[100] Australia sent a 45-member panel headed by former Air Chief Marshal Angus Houston, who had earlier supervised the MH 370 probe.[101] The United Kingdom sent six investigators from the Air Accidents Investigation Branch (AAIB) and the UK Foreign Office has sent extra consular staff to Ukraine.[102] A senior US administration official reported to ABC News that FBI and NTSB officials were poised to head to Ukraine to advise the investigation.[103]
On 18 July, it was reported that the flight recorders had been recovered by separatists.[104] On the same day, the head of Donetsk Regional State Administration, Kostiantyn Batozky, stated that both flight recorders had been found.[105]
On 21 July, Malaysian Prime Minister Najib Razak said that he had been told by Alexander Borodai, leader of the Donetsk People's Republic, that the black boxes would be handed over to Malaysian authorities.[106][107] Later that day, the flight data recorder and the cockpit voice recorder were handed over to Malaysian officials in Donetsk by rebels. The black boxes were examined at a facility operated by the UK AAIB.[108] On 23 July it was reported that the CVR was damaged but there was no evidence that it had been tampered with; it was also reported that valid data had been downloaded.[109][110]
On 30 July, it was reported by a Ukrainian representative that pro-Russian rebels had mined approaches to the crash site and pulled heavy artillery around, making further work by international experts impossible.[111]
On 6 August, the investigation team left the crash site due to concerns about the safety of the investigators.[112] In the month following, they had attempted to regain access to the site but did not have any success.[113] A team of investigators at the Dutch Safety Board released a preliminary report into the incident on 9 September 2014, saying the plane split up in mid-flight probably due to impacts by high energy objects causing structural damage.[114][2] According to the Dutch Safety Board, it will take a year to complete a full investigation.[115]
Cause
The cause of the crash has not yet been determined by the official investigation, which is being carried out by the Dutch Safety Board.[116] Both US and Ukrainian officials declared that a surface-to-air missile strike is the most likely cause,[117] and if so, then the missile was fired from a mobile Soviet-designed Buk missile system (known as SA-11 "Gadfly" to NATO) as this is the only surface-to-air missile system in the region capable of reaching the altitude of commercial air traffic.[55][118][119][120][121][122] This missile system is in service with both the Russian and the Ukrainian Army.
Russian Ministry of Defense stated that a Ukrainian Su-25 ground-attack aircraft was within 3 to 5 kilometres (1.9 to 3.1 mi) of the Malaysian airliner at the time of the incident. The Ministry also stated that satellite photographs showed that the Ukrainian army moved a Buk SAM battery to the area close to the territory controlled by the rebels on the morning of 17 July, hours before the crash. They said the installation was then moved away again by 18 July.[123][124]
According to defence analyst Reed Foster (from Jane's Information Group), the contour of the aluminium and the blistering of the paint around many of the holes on the aircraft fragments indicate that small pieces of high-velocity shrapnel entered the aircraft externally, a damage pattern indicative of an SA-11.[125] Ballistics specialist Stephan Fruhling of the Australian National University's Strategic and Defence Studies Centre concurs with this, explaining that since it struck the cockpit rather than an engine it was probably a radar guided, rather than heat seeking, missile equipped with a proximity fuzed warhead such as a SA-11.[126]
Witnesses in Torez reported sightings on the day of the incident of what appeared to be a Buk missile launcher,[127][128] and AP journalists reported sightings of a Buk system in separatist controlled Snizhne.[60] The witness reports also backed up photographs and videos which had been posted online, of the Buk launcher in rebel held territory.[127]
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Buk-M1-2_9A310M1-2.jpg/170px-Buk-M1-2_9A310M1-2.jpg)
External audio | |
---|---|
![]() |
On 19 July, Vitaly Nayda, the chief of the Counter Intelligence Department of the Security Service of Ukraine (SBU), told a news conference, "We have compelling evidence that this terrorist act was committed with the help of the Russian Federation. We know clearly that the crew of this system were Russian citizens."[132][133][134] He cited what he said were recorded conversations in which separatists expressed satisfaction to Russian intelligence agents that they brought down an aeroplane.[135][136] The separatists denied that the recorded talks were related to the crash of MH17 and blamed the Ukrainian government for shooting it down.[137][138][139] According to Nayda, a Buk launcher used in the shootdown was moved back into Russia the night after the attack.[60] The SBU released another recording, which they said was of pro-Russian-separatist leader Igor Bezler being told of an approaching aircraft two minutes before MH17 was shot down. Bezler said the recording was real, but referred to a different incident.[140]
On 22 July, a soldier revealed to an Italian reporter that fellow separatists had told his unit the aircraft had been shot down under the assumption that it was Ukrainian.[141] Unnamed US intelligence officials stated that sensors that traced the path of the missile, shrapnel patterns in the wreckage, voice print analysis of separatists' conversations in which they claimed credit for the strike, and photos and other data from social media sites all indicated that Russian-backed separatists had fired the missile.[5]
US officials said that satellite data from infrared sensors detected the explosion of flight MH17.[142] American intelligence agencies said that analysis of the launch plume and trajectory suggested the missile was fired from an area between Torez and Snizhne.[55] Satellites are also likely to have registered the heat signature of the launch of the missile and the activation of the missile launcher tracking radar.[119] The Telegraph, a British paper, said: "The Telegraph's own inquiries suggest the missile – an SA-11 from a Buk mobile rocket launcher – was possibly fired from a cornfield about 12 miles to the south of the epicentre of the crash site."[120] A number of other media outlets including The Guardian, The Washington Post and the Sydney Morning Herald have reported that the airplane is believed to have been downed by a rebel-fired missile.[143][144][145]
An unnamed US intelligence official stated that Malaysia Airlines Flight MH17 may have been shot down in error by pro-Russian separatists, citing evidence that separatists launched a SA-11 surface-to-air missile that blew up the Malaysian airliner. The official dismissed Russian allegations that MH17 took evasive action and said the claim that the Ukrainian government had shot down MH17 was not realistic, as Kiev had no such missile systems in that area, which was rebel-controlled.[121] US intelligence officials also said that Russia was attempting to disguise the flow of weaponry it was delivering to the rebels by sending older weapons that matched Ukraine's inventory.[5] The British Foreign Office stated that it was "highly likely" that the missile was fired from area controlled by Russian-backed separatists.[146]
Journalists from the Associated Press in Snizhne, Ukraine reported seeing a Buk M-1 enter the town operated by a man "with unfamiliar fatigues and a distinctive Russian accent" escorted by two civilian vehicles, which then moved off in the direction where the shootdown later occurred. According to Ukrainian counterterrorism chief, Vitaly Nayda, after downing the plane under separatist direction, the launcher's Russian crew quickly moved it back across the border into Russia.[60]
In an interview with Reuters on 23 July 2014, Alexander Khodakovsky, the commander of the pro-Russian Vostok Battalion, acknowledged that the separatists had an anti-aircraft missile of the type the US has said was used to shoot down the aircraft, and said that it could have been sent back to Russia to remove proof of its presence;[147][148][149] he later retracted his comments, saying that he had been misquoted and stating that rebels never had a Buk.[150]
On 28 July, Ukrainian security official Andriy Lysenko announced, at a press conference, that black box recorder analysis had revealed that the aircraft had been brought down by shrapnel that caused "massive explosive decompression." Dutch officials were reported to be "stunned" by what they saw as a "premature announcement" and said that they had not provided this information.[151]
The Russian Ministry of Defense has maintained that US claims of separatist responsibility were "unfounded", and said that the US intelligence agencies have not released any of the data on which they based their conclusions.[152] Russia has demanded that the transcripts of conversations between Ukrainian air traffic controllers and MH17 and the transcripts of the cockpit voice recorder be published.[153]
On 8 September BBC released a new material by John Sweeney who cited three civilian witnesses from Donbass who have seen the "Buk" launcher in the rebel-controlled territory on the day when MH17 crashed. Two witnesses said the crew of the launcher and a military vehicle escorting it did not have local accents and spoke with Muscovite accents.[154] On the same day Igor Ostanin, a Russian journalist, published an analysis of photos and films of "Buk" units moving in Russia and Ukraine in the days before and after the MH17 crash. According to Ostanin, the markings on the specific launcher suspected of being used to shoot MH17, together with lorry registration plates suggest that it belongs to 53rd Kursk Brigade of Russian anti-aircraft defence troops.[155]
Recovery of bodies
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Arrival_of_corpses_from_MH17_at_Eindhoven_Airport.jpg/220px-Arrival_of_corpses_from_MH17_at_Eindhoven_Airport.jpg)
A Ukraine Foreign Ministry representative said that the bodies found at the crash site would be taken to Kharkiv for identification, a city 270 kilometres (170 mi) to the north. By the day after the crash, emergency workers said that 181 of the 298 bodies had been found.[156]
Al Jazeera reported that the separatist Minister of Health had initially confirmed 38 bodies had been moved to the Donetsk mortuary, which the minister subsequently recanted.[157] Bodies were observed being moved, placed in body bags, and loaded on to lorries.[158][159][160]
Dutch Prime Minister Mark Rutte complained about the lack of respect shown to the personal belongings of the dead which were reportedly looted. He initially announced his disgust about the handling of the bodies of the casualties that were reportedly being "dragged around" and "thrown", but later stated the bodies were handled with more care than originally estimated.[161][162] On 20 July, Ukrainian emergency workers, observed by armed separatists, began loading the remains of the passengers of MH17 into refrigerated railway wagons for transport and identification.[163]
On 21 July, pro-Russian rebels allowed Dutch investigators to examine the bodies. By this time, 272 bodies had been recovered.[164] Remains left Torez on a train on the evening of 21 July, en route to Kharkiv to be flown to the Netherlands for identification.[106][165] On the same day, Malaysian Prime Minister Najib Razak announced that the Malaysian government had reached a tentative agreement to retrieve the remains of the Malaysians who died in the crash, following any necessary forensic work.[107][166]
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Convoy_of_MH-17_victims_on_the_highway.jpg/220px-Convoy_of_MH-17_victims_on_the_highway.jpg)
It was reported on 21 July that with 282 bodies and 87 body fragments found, there were still 16 bodies missing.[167] An agreement had been reached that the Netherlands will co-ordinate the identification effort. All remains will be moved to the Netherlands with Dutch air force C-130 and Australian C-17 transport planes.[168][169] A train carrying the bodies arrived at the Malyshev Factory, Kharkiv on 22 July,[170] and the first remains were flown to Eindhoven on 23 July.[171] The investigation will be conducted at the Netherlands Army medical regiment training facility in Hilversum by an international team.[172] The UK Metropolitan Police is liaising with international partners to send specialist officers to assist with the recovery, identification and repatriation of those who died.[102]
Dutch authorities stated on 23 July that they found 200 bodies on the train when it arrived at Kharkhiv, leaving almost 100 unaccounted for.[173] Two Dutch and one Australian aircraft flew the first bodies out of Kharviv later that day. The aircraft landed at Eindhoven Airport just before 16:00 local time.[174] The day afterwards another 74 bodies arrived.[175]
On 1 August it was announced that a search and recovery mission, including about 80 forensic police specialists from the Netherlands, Malaysia and Australia, and led by Colonel Cornelis Kuijs of the Royal Marechaussee, would use drones, sniffer dogs, divers and satellite mapping to search for missing body parts at the crash site.[176][177] Australian officials had believed that as many as 80 bodies were still at the site,[178] but after some days of searching the international team had "found remains of only a few victims" and concluded that "the recovery effort undertaken by local authorities immediately after the crash was more thorough than initially thought."[86]
On 6 August the Dutch Prime Minister Mark Rutte announced that the recovery operation would be temporarily halted due to an upsurge in fighting around the crash site threatening the safety of crash investigators and recovery specialists, all international investigators and humanitarian forces (of approx 500 Australians and 80 Dutch/Malaysians) will leave the country leaving behind a small communications and laison team.[179] Three areas of the crash site remained unsearched. The Ukranian government announced it would dissolve the temporary truce in the local area until the investigators returned.
On 22 August the bodies of 20 Malaysians (of 43 Malaysians who were killed in the incident) arrived in Malaysia.[180] The government announced a National Mourning Day, with a ceremony broadcast live on radio and television.[181]
On 9 September 2014, a preliminary report by Dutch aviation investigators said that the airliner broke apart in the air after it was hit by a burst of "high-energy objects" from outside.[182]
By 13 September the Dutch-led forensic team had identified the bodies of 211 victims of the crash.[183]
Reactions
Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko called the crash the result of an act of terrorism, and also called for an international investigation into the crash.[184]
Malaysian Deputy Foreign Minister Hamzah Zainuddin said that the foreign ministry would be working with the Russian and Ukrainian governments with regard to the incident.[185] Prime Minister Najib Razak later said that Malaysia was unable to verify the cause of the crash and demanded that the perpetrators be punished.[186] The Malaysian government flew the national flag at half-mast from 18 July until 21 July.[187]
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nederlandse_vlag_halfstok_voor_stadhuis_Hoorn.jpg/170px-Nederlandse_vlag_halfstok_voor_stadhuis_Hoorn.jpg)
Dutch Prime Minister Mark Rutte and King Willem-Alexander voiced their shock at the crash,[188][189] and Minister of Foreign Affairs Frans Timmermans joined the Dutch investigation team sent to Ukraine.[190] Dutch government buildings flew the flag at half-mast on 18 July.[191] Music was cancelled and festivities were toned down on the last day of the Nijmegen Marches.[192] On 21 July the Netherlands opened a war crimes investigation on the downing of the aircraft. The country's prosecutor is in Ukraine for that purpose. Rutte threatened tough action against Russia if it did not help in the investigation.[193]
Australian Prime Minister Tony Abbott said in an address to parliament that the aircraft was downed by a missile which seems to have been launched by Russian-backed rebels.[194] Julie Bishop, the Australian Minister for Foreign Affairs, said in an interview on an Australian television programme that it was "extraordinary" that her Russian counterparts have refused to speak to her over the shootdown after the Russian ambassador was summoned to meet her.[194] The Russian government was critical of Abbott's response; Abbott was one of the first world leaders to publicly connect the shootdown to Russia.[195] Abbott later criticized the recovery efforts as "shambolic", and "more like a garden clean-up than a forensic investigation"; Bishop publicly warned separatist forces against treating the victims' bodies as hostages.[196]
Russian President Vladimir Putin said that Ukraine bears responsibility for the incident which happened in its territory, which he said would not have happened if hostilities had not resumed in the south-east of Ukraine.[3][197][198] He also said that it was important to refrain from making any hasty conclusions and politicized statements before the end of the investigation. He said that Russia would help an international inquiry led by the ICAO.[199] By end of July a Duma deputy Ilya Ponomarev said in an interview for German Die Welt that there's no doubts that it the was separatists who shot down the plane by mistake and "Putin now understood that he has passed the weapon to wrong people".[200]
United States President Barack Obama said the US would help determine the cause.[3] In a press statement, White House spokesman Josh Earnest called for an immediate ceasefire in Ukraine to allow for a full investigation.[201] Vice-President Joe Biden said the plane appeared to have been deliberately shot down, and offered US assistance for the investigation into the crash.[198] US Ambassador to the United Nations Samantha Power called on Russia to end the war.[202] The British government requested an emergency meeting of the United Nations Security Council and called an emergency Cobra meeting after the incident.[203][204] Chairman of the U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff Martin E. Dempsey has said that instead of backing away from supporting the rebels in the wake of the airline tragedy, Putin had "actually taken a decision to escalate."[205]
Commander of the Donbass People's Militia Igor Girkin was quoted as stating that "a significant number of the bodies weren't fresh". He followed up by saying "Ukrainian authorities are capable of any baseness"; and also said that blood serum and medications were found in the plane's remnants in large quantities.[206][207]
The European Union's representatives José Manuel Barroso and Herman Van Rompuy released a joint statement calling for immediate and thorough investigation.[208] The EU officials also said that Ukraine has first claim on the plane's black boxes.[209]
The International Civil Aviation Organization declared that it was sending its team of experts to assist the National Bureau of Air Accidents Investigation of Ukraine (NBAAI), under Article 26 of the Convention on International Civil Aviation.[210] The United Nations Security Council adopted Resolution 2166 on 21 July, regarding an official crime investigation into the incident.
Since the crash, memorial services have been held in Australia[211] and in the Netherlands, which declared 23 July, the day when the first victims arrived in the country, a national day of mourning, the first since 1962.[212][213] The opening ceremony of the AIDS 2014 conference, of which several delegates were on board flight MH17, began with a tribute to the victims of the crash.[214] In Malaysia, makeshift memorials were created in the capital city of Kuala Lumpur.[215] A controversial political poem on the subject of the disaster, "Requiem for MH-17" by Andrei Orlov, was broadcast on liberal Russian media outlets soon after the disaster.[216]
Russian media coverage
Media coverage of the crash in Russia has differed from coverage by other worldwide media.[217] On 22 July an unnamed US official said that the Russian government was manipulating the media towards Russia's version of the story.[5]
The Russian government-funded[218] outlet RT initially said that the plane may have been shot down by Ukraine in a failed attempt to assassinate Vladimir Putin, in a plot which was organized by Ukraine's "Western backers".[219] Other theories propagated by Russian media include: that the Ukrainians shot down the plane in a botched attempt at mass murder of Russian citizens; that Ukrainian air traffic controllers purposefully redirected the flight to fly over the war zone; and that the Ukrainian government organized the attack on the plane to bring infamy upon the pro-Russian rebels.[220]
According to the poll conducted by the Levada Center between 18 and 24 July 80% of Russians surveyed believed that the crash of MH17 was caused by the Ukrainian military. Only 3% of respondents to the poll blamed the disaster on pro-Russian separatists in eastern Ukraine.[221][222][223]
Sara Firth, a correspondent with RT, for which she had worked over the previous five years, resigned in protest at the channel's coverage which she described as "shockingly obvious misinformation".[224] RT issued a statement after Firth went public with reasons for her resignation, saying "we were not surprised by Sara Firth's decision to leave RT after five years as a Moscow and London correspondent, as she has recently informed us that she was likely to take an offer from another firm".[225]
On 25 July, the liberal Russian opposition newspaper Novaya Gazeta published a bold headline in Dutch that read "Vergeef ons, Nederland" ("Forgive Us, Netherlands").[226][227]
Maps
Location of departure, crash site and destination |
Location of departure and crash site |
![]() |
See also
Notes
- ^ MH is the IATA designator and MAS is the ICAO designator. The flight is also marketed as KLM Flight 4103 (KL4103) through a codeshare agreement.[1]
- ^ The aircraft is a Boeing 777-200ER (for Extended Range) model; Boeing assigns a unique customer code for each company that buys one of its aircraft, which is applied as an infix in the model number at the time the aircraft is built. The code for Malaysia Airlines is "H6", hence "777-2H6ER".
- ^ Dual Canadian-Romanian citizen boarding with Canadian passport.
- ^ Including:
- 1 dual German-Dutch citizen
- ^ 28 passengers and 15 crew
- ^ Including:
- 1 dual Dutch-Belgian citizen;
- 1 dual Dutch-Israeli citizen;
- 1 dual Dutch-Italian citizen;
- 1 dual Dutch-American citizen
- ^ Including:
- 1 dual British-South African citizen; and
- 1 dual British-New Zealand citizen.
- ^ "A United States official said the missile that shot down the plane was launched from a region near the towns of Torez and Snizhne"[202]
References
- ^ "Statement Malaysia Airlines MH17". KLM. Retrieved 18 July 2014.
- ^ a b c d "Preliminary report points towards external cause of MH17 crash". Dutch Safety Board. 9 September 2014. Retrieved 9 September 2014.
- ^ a b c d Alexander, Harriet (17 July 2014). "Malaysia Airlines plane crashes on Ukraine-Russia border – live". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 18 July 2014. Retrieved 17 July 2014.
- ^ [1]
- ^ a b c d e Greg Miller (22 July 2014), U.S. discloses intelligence on downing of Malaysian jet The Washington Post
- ^ "Сводки от Стрелкова Игоря Ивановича". VKontakte. Retrieved 17 July 2014.
- ^ Arthur Bright (17 July 2014). "Web evidence points to pro-Russia rebels in downing of MH17 (+video)". The Christian Science Monitor.
- ^ Alec Luhn. "The Guardian 20 July 2014". the Guardian. Retrieved 8 September 2014.
- ^ http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-29140593
- ^ "Yatsenyuk: 'We need to survive first'". Kyiv Post. 22 August 2014.
- ^ "The evidence that may prove pro-Russian separatists shot down MH17". Washington Post. Retrieved 8 September 2014.
- ^ Jason Ng (1 January 1970). "Malaysia Says Intelligence Reports on Flight 17 Crash 'Pretty Conclusive' - WSJ". WSJ. Retrieved 8 September 2014.
- ^ Riva, Alberto (17 July 2014). "Malaysia Airlines Flight MH17: Not The First Civilian Jet Shot Down By Missile". International Business Times. Retrieved 19 July 2014.
- ^ "Aviation Safety Network > ASN Aviation Safety Database > Type index > ASN Aviation Safety Database results". Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved 24 July 2014.
- ^ "Aviation Safety Network > ASN Aviation Safety Database > Geographical regions index > ASN Aviation Safety Database results". Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved 24 July 2014.
- ^ "Malaysia Airlines Flight MH17: Top 5 deadliest airliner shootdowns". reuters. 18 July 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2014.
- ^ a b c d "Saturday, July 19, 07:30 PM GMT +0800 Media Statement 7 : MH17 Incident". Malaysia Airlines. 19 July 2014. Retrieved 19 July 2014.
- ^ "Accident description". Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved 20 July 2014.
- ^ "Malaysia Airlines 9M-MRD (Boeing 777 – MSN 28411) | Airfleets aviation". Airfleets.net. Retrieved 17 July 2014.
- ^ "Media Statement & Information on Flight MH17 (see "18 July 01:30 PM GMT +0800 Media Statement 3 : MH17 Incident" for flight hours and cycles given by Malaysia Airlines)". Malaysia Airlines. 18 July 2014. Retrieved 18 July 2014.
- ^ Leonard, Peter; Chernov, Mstyslav (17 July 2014). "Malaysian plane was shot down by missile, US official says". Boston Globe. Retrieved 18 July 2014.
- ^ "Boeing 777 has excellent track record, experts say". Detroit Free Press. Retrieved 24 July 2014.[dead link]
- ^ "777 Model Orders and Deliveries summary". Boeing. June 2014. Retrieved 18 July 2014.
- ^ "Passenger manifest" (PDF). Malaysia Airlines. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 July 2014.
- ^ Alamenciak, Tim; Gerster, Jane. "Canadian killed in MH17 crash ambitious, bright medical student from Ajax". Toronto Star. No. 20 July 2014. Retrieved 20 July 2014.
- ^ "Malaysia Airlines flight MH17 crash: 'Six Britons, 23 US citizens and 80 children' feared dead after Boeing passenger jet 'shot down' near Ukraine-Russia border". The Independent. 17 July 2014. Retrieved 17 July 2014.
- ^ Jacquelin Magnay (18 July 2014). "28 Australians among 298 killed on MH17 crash in Ukraine". The Australian.
- ^ Walker, Shaun; Branigan, Tania (17 July 2014). "Malaysia Airlines flight MH17 crashes in east Ukraine". The Guardian. Retrieved 17 July 2014.
- ^ "MH17 hit by missile from rebel-held Ukraine – Obama". BBC News. British Broadcasting Corporation. 18 July 2014. Retrieved 18 July 2014.
- ^ Chan Kok Leong and Paul Armstrong. "Malaysian passengers aboard shot down Flight MH17 repatriated." CNN. 22 August 2014. Retrieved on 22 August 2014. "About two-thirds of those killed were Dutch, with Malaysians and Australians making up a large proportion of the others."
- ^ Lillebuen, Steve (18 July 2014). "Crash claims top AIDS researchers heading to Melbourne". Retrieved 18 July 2014.
- ^ Pearlman, Jonathan (18 July 2014). "Leading HIV researchers lost as flight MH17 is downed in Ukraine". www.telegraph.co.uk. Telegraph Media Group Limited. Retrieved 18 July 2014.
- ^ Hogan, Caelainn; Eunjung Cha, Ariana (18 July 2014). "Top AIDS researcher and others in field perished on MH17". Retrieved 18 July 2014.
- ^ Robin, Myriam (23 July 2014). "100 AIDS researchers on MH17? Why and how the media got it wrong". Crikey. Retrieved 23 July 2014.
- ^ "Senator Witteveen (PvdA) omgekomen bij crash – Binnenland – VK". De Volkskrant. Retrieved 18 July 2014.
- ^ "Victorians among those killed in MH17 crash: Premier". Bendigo Advertiser. Retrieved 19 July 2014.
{{cite web}}
: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=
(help) - ^ "Malaysian actress, Dutch hubby and baby die with MH17". The Malaysian Insider. Retrieved 19 July 2014.
- ^ "Malaysia Airlines MH17 crash: 20 families gone in one shot". The Straits Times. 21 July 2014. Archived from the original on 21 July 2014.
- ^ Miranda, Charles; Wockner, Cindy; McPhedran, Ian; Magnay, Jacquelin (22 July 2014). "MH17 train in Kharkiv as Tony Abbott says MH17 aftermath is evidence tampering on industrial scale". News Corp Australia. Retrieved 22 July 2014.
- ^ "MH17航班华裔机长父妻均曾就职马航" (Translated article) Note: this translation was made automatically and has low technical quality, lends itself only to specific queries. (Archive). Sina. 18 July 2014. Retrieved on 22 August 2014.
- ^ "The crew of MH17" (Archive). The Star. 22 August 2014. Retrieved on 22 August 2014.
- ^ "MH17 crash: Airlines divert flights from eastern Ukraine". BBC. 18 July 2014. Retrieved 18 July 2014.
- ^ Gwyn Topham and Jennifer Rankin (1 August 2014). "BA calls for global treaty to track surface-to-air missiles after MH17 crash". The Guardian. Retrieved 2 August 2014.
- ^ a b Harry Bruinius (18 July 2014). "Malaysia jet tragedy: How do airlines traverse war zones?". Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved 19 July 2014.
- ^ "Air operators belatedly avoid Ukraine war zone". Daily Telegraph. 17 July 2014. Retrieved 19 July 2014.
- ^ "SIA used same MH17 flight path 75 times in past week, says magazine". The Malaysian Insider. 19 July 2014. Retrieved 19 July 2014.
- ^ "49 Ukrainian troops killed as transport plane downed in Lugansk". RT. Retrieved 2 August 2014.
- ^ "Donetsk militia takes control of Ukrainian anti-air installation". Voice of Russia. 29 June 2014. Retrieved 19 July 2014.
- ^ a b "Ополченцы ДНР взяли под контроль воинскую часть ПВО с зенитно-ракетными комплексами "Бук"" (in Russian). ITAR-TASS. 29 June 2014. Retrieved 21 July 2014.
{{cite news}}
: Unknown parameter|trans_title=
ignored (|trans-title=
suggested) (help) - ^ "Донецкие ополченцы обзавелись зенитно-ракетными комплексами "Бук"". NTV News (in Russian). NTV. 17 July 2014. Retrieved 17 July 2014.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|trans_title=
ignored (|trans-title=
suggested) (help) - ^ Panda, Ankit (17 July 2014). "Malaysian Airlines Flight MH17 Shot Down Over Donetsk, Ukraine". The Diplomat. Retrieved 17 July 2014.
- ^ Richter, Jan (14 July 2014). "2014-07-14 Ukraine Air Force Antonov An-26 shot down in eastern Ukraine". Jet Airliner Crash Data Evaluation Centre. Hamburg, Germany. Retrieved 3 August 2014.
- ^ Sanchez, Raf (17 July 2014). "Ukrainian separatists suspected of bringing down Malaysia Airlines flight on Russian border". The Telegraph. Retrieved 18 July 2014.
- ^ "Ополченцы сообщили, из чего сбили украинский Ан-26". Vzglyad. 14 July 2014. Retrieved 18 July 2014.
Today the self-defence destroyed An-26 airplane using SAM "9К37М1" (better known as 'Buk') ... said the militia, distributed in social networks [translation after ellipsis from Google translate]
- ^ a b c Peter Baker (18 July 2014), U.S. Sees Evidence of Russian Links to Jet's Downing The New York Times
- ^ "Ukraine conflict: Russia accused of shooting down jet". London: BBC News. 17 July 2014. Retrieved 17 July 2014.
- ^ "Russia Rejects 'Absurd' Accusation Over Downed Ukrainian Jet". RFE/RL. Prague: RFE/RL. 17 July 2014. Retrieved 17 July 2014.
- ^ "Polish politics: Where is Radek?". The Economist. 18 July 2014. Retrieved 19 July 2014.
- ^ Peter Leonard (17 July 2014). "Ukraine: Air Force jet downed by Russian missile". ABC News. Associated Press. Retrieved 17 July 2014.
- ^ a b c d Karmanau, Yuras, "What happened? The day Flight 17 was downed", MSN News, 25 July 2014
- ^ "Flight was traveling on routes that were closed at lower altitudes". The New York Times. 18 July 2014.
- ^ Nicas, Jack; Wall, Robert (17 July 2014). "Height of Ukraine no-fly zone faces scrutiny". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 18 July 2014.
- ^ "Maps of the Crash of Malaysia Airlines Flight 17". The New York Times. 18 July 2014. Retrieved 19 July 2014.
- ^ Freed, Jamie (20 July 2014). "Ukraine responsible for airspace safety: IATA". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 21 July 2014.
- ^ Tom Whitehead, Nick Collins, Martin Evans (18 July 2014). "MH17 disaster: Flights over war zones 'because it's cheaper". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 18 July 2014.
{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Hamzah, Al-Zaquan Amer (18 July 2014). "Malaysia Airlines says requested higher flight plan". Reuters. Retrieved 18 July 2014.
- ^ FlightRadar24. "FlightRadar24 ADS-B data showing MH17 altitude logs across duration of flight". FlightRadar24. Retrieved 21 July 2014.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ Ludovica Iaccino (17 July 2014). "First Photos of Malaysia Airlines MH17 Boeing 777 Crash in Ukraine [GRAPHIC IMAGES]". International Business Times. Retrieved 17 July 2014.
- ^ Flightradar24 (17 July 2014). "Last positions of #MH17 directly from Flightradar24 database". Twitter. Retrieved 26 July 2014.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ "Crash en Ukraine. Les séparatistes ont-ils pu abattre le vol MH17 ?". Ouest France. 17 July 2014.
- ^ "Gab der ukrainische Separatist Igor Girkin den Abschuss des Flugzeuges MH 017 zu?". Yess.de. 24 July 2014.
- ^ "An Air India Plane was 25 km away when Flight MH17 crashed". news.biharprabha.com. Retrieved 17 July 2014.
- ^ "Flight MH17 crash caused by external 'high-energy objects', says report". Asian Correspondent. 9 September 2014. Retrieved 12 September 2014.
- ^ "Malaysia Airlines crash: video believed to show moment of plane's impact". The Telegraph. 17 July 2014. Retrieved 17 July 2014.
- ^ Nelson, Sara C (17 July 2014). "Malaysia Airlines Flight MH17 'Shot Down in Ukraine Near Russian Border'". The Huffington Post. United Kingdom. Retrieved 17 July 2014.
- ^ "Maleisisch passagiersvliegtuig in Oekraïne neergestort". De Telegraaf (in Dutch). 17 July 2014. Retrieved 17 July 2014.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|trans_title=
ignored (|trans-title=
suggested) (help) - ^ Cahal Milmo (19 July 2014). "Malaysia Airlines MH17 crash: No forensic investigators, co-ordination or body bags as Ukraine locals are left to scour gruesome scene". The Independent. Retrieved 19 July 2014.
- ^ Rick Feneley. "Attack on Flight MH17: After the tragedy, the accusations rain down". Smh.com.au. Retrieved 10 August 2014.
- ^ "MH17: Ultimate responsibility lies with Putin". Theage.com.au. 18 July 2014. Retrieved 10 August 2014.
- ^ "Web evidence points to pro-Russia rebels in downing of MH17 (+video)". CSMonitor.com. 17 July 2014. Retrieved 10 August 2014.
- ^ "MH17 – Ukraine". Eurocontrol. 17 July 2014.
- ^ "ИТАР-ТАСС: Происшествия – Реакция мировых авиакомпаний на крушение Boeing в Донецкой области". Itar-tass.com. Retrieved 18 July 2014.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|trans_title=
ignored (|trans-title=
suggested) (help) - ^ "Dutch Banks Respond to Reports of MH17 Victims' Looted Credit Cards". NBC News. 19 July 2014. Retrieved 20 July 2014.
- ^ Mendick, Robert; Sawer, Patrick; Ross, Time (19 July 2014). "MH17: Malaysia Airlines crash victims robbed of their dignity by rebels". The Telegraph. Retrieved 20 July 2014.
- ^ Wagner, Meg (18 July 2014). "Heartless looters raid Malaysia Airlines Flight MH17 crash site, swipe victims' luggage, personal items". New York Daily News. Retrieved 20 July 2014.
- ^ a b Toby Sterling, "Dutch premier halts search for Ukraine victims," Associated Press, 6 August 2014. Accessed 6 August 2014.
- ^ Shaun Walker with Harriet Salem and Josh Halliday, "MH17: world's anger at Russia grows as bodies pile on to train at crash site," The Guardian, 21 July 2014. Accessed 6 August 2014.
- ^ Jansen, Bart (18 July 2014). "Malaysia will stop using No. 17 next week". USA Today. Retrieved 18 July 2014.
- ^ "MH17: Malaysia Airlines retires flight number after Ukraine crash". 21 July 2014. Retrieved 21 July 2014.
- ^ "Malaysia Airlines Shares Tank". Business Insider. Retrieved 19 July 2014.
- ^ Ukraine: missiles that brought down jets may have been fired from Russia by Reuters
- ^ "Press statement by the Trilateral Contact Group". Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. 18 July 2014. Retrieved 18 July 2014.
- ^ Shaun Walker. "MH17: pro-Russia rebels will allow access to crash site if ceasefire agreed". the Guardian. Retrieved 8 September 2014.
- ^ Parker, Andrew; Olearchyk, Roman (21 July 2014). "Netherlands to lead MH17 investigation". Financial Times. Financial Times Ltd. Retrieved 22 July 2014.
- ^ Bewerkt door: redactie. "Nederlandse leidersrol krijgt juridische basis -0 Vliegtuigcrash in Oekraïne – VK". Volkskrant.nl. Retrieved 24 July 2014.
- ^ "Dutch Safety Board heads investigation: investigation effort in full swing, black boxes currently being read out" (PDF). onderzoeksraad.nl. The Hague. 23 July 2014. Retrieved 24 July 2014.
- ^ "Investigation crash MH17, 17 July 2014". onderzoeksraad.nl. Dutch Safety Board. Retrieved 24 July 2014.
- ^ "Investigation crash MH17, 17 July 2014 Donetsk Introduction" (Archive). Dutch Safety Board. Retrieved on 2 August 2014. "The Dutch Safety Board was formally informed on the air disaster by its Ukrainian counterpart (NBAAI) on 18 July 2014. The NBAAI also requested the Dutch Safety Board to participate in the international investigation. "
- ^ "Investigation crash MH17, 17 July 2014." Dutch Safety Board. Retrieved on 22 August 2014. "Ukraine has transferred responsibility for investigating the cause of the crash to the Dutch Safety Board. The request came from Ukraine. This request was made because the flight departed from the Netherlands, and due to the large number of Dutch nationals who died in the crash"
- ^ "MH17 plane crash: Dutch experts examine bodies". BBC. Retrieved 22 July 2014.
- ^ "MH370 search coordinator to lead Australia's MH17 probe Panel". IANS. news.biharprabha.com. Retrieved 21 July 2014.
- ^ a b "Malaysia Airlines Flight MH17: British Investigators Join Probe in Ukraine Amid Fears of Evidence Tampering". The Huffington Post. 19 July 2014. Retrieved 19 July 2014.
- ^ "Malaysia Airlines Victims Come into Focus as FBI, NTSB Poised to Investigate". ABC News. 18 July 2014. Retrieved 18 July 2014.
- ^ "Malaysia Airlines MH17 black boxes reportedly recovered, Russia denies it will take them from rebels | National Post". News.nationalpost.com. 22 May 2014. Retrieved 19 July 2014.
- ^ "Ukrainian rescuers find two black boxes at crash site, but their location is secret – Donetsk authorities". Interfax – Ukraine. 18 July 2014. Retrieved 19 July 2014.
- ^ a b "MH17 plane crash: Train with bodies leaves Ukraine station". BBC News. 21 July 2014. Retrieved 21 July 2014.
- ^ a b Herszenhorn, David M.; Tavernise, Sabrina; Bradsher, Keith (21 July 2014). "Ukraine Separatists Agree to Release Bodies and Black Boxes". The New York Times. Retrieved 21 July 2014.
- ^ "MH17 plane crash: Evidence 'was tampered with'". BBC News. BBC. 23 July 2014. Retrieved 2 August 2014.
- ^ "'Valid Data' Downloaded From MH17 Black Box". Sky News. Sky News. 23 July 2014. Retrieved 25 July 2014.
- ^ "Data Flight Data Recorder MH17 downloaded" (PDF). onderzoeksraad.nl. The Hague. 24 July 2014. Retrieved 25 July 2014.
- ^ Цензор.НЕТ. "Terrorists brought heavy artillery to the crash site and mined approaches (Russian)". Цензор.НЕТ. Retrieved 8 September 2014.
- ^ Press Trust of India (8 August 2014). "21 More MH17 Crash Victims Identified, Experts Leave Site". Outlook India. Retrieved 17 August 2014.
- ^ "Netherlands deploys more experts to probe MH17 crash". CNN-IBNLive. Press Trust of India. 13 September 2014. Retrieved 14 September 2014.
- ^ "MH17: Dutch investigators' report on crash over Ukraine - live updates". The Guardian. 9 September 2014.
- ^ "Preliminary MH17 crash report to be published within a week – investigators". RT. 2 September 2014. Retrieved 4 September 2014.
- ^ "Investigation crash MH17, 17 July 2014 Donetsk". The Dutch Safety Board. 2 August 2014. Retrieved 2 August 2014.
- ^ Ensor, Josie (19 July 2014). "MH17: what we know two days after Malaysia Airlines crash over Ukraine". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 19 July 2014.
- ^ Thijssen, Wil (19 July 2014). "De bewijsstukken: Wie schoot MH17 neer?". de Volkskrant (in Dutch). Retrieved 19 July 2014.
- ^ a b Vartabedian, Ralph; Hennigan, W.J. (17 July 2014). "High-tech spycraft tracked missile's path to Malaysia Airlines jet". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 21 July 2014.
- ^ a b Robert Mendick (27 July 2014) MH17: why the culprits may never be caught The Telegraph
- ^ a b "MH17 likely shot down by mistake by Russian separatists, US intelligence official says". ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation). 23 July 2014. Retrieved 23 July 2014.
{{cite web}}
: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=
(help) - ^ "SBU releases more conversations implicating Russia in shooting down Malaysia Airlines flight (VIDEO, TRANSCRIPT)". Kyivpost.com. 14 July 2014. Retrieved 18 July 2014.
- ^ "Ukrainian Su-25 fighter detected in close approach to MH17 before crash – Moscow". RT. 21 July 2014. Retrieved 21 July 2014.
- ^ Razumovskaya, Olga (22 July 2014). "Russia Presents Its Account of Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 Crash". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 22 July 2014.
{{cite web}}
: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=
(help) - ^ "Wreckage Offers Clues on Why Flight 17 Went Down". The New York Times. Retrieved 23 July 2014.
{{cite news}}
: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=
(help) - ^ Rose Powell (22 July 2014). "Photo of MH17 wreckage proves missile attack, claims report". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 23 July 2014.
{{cite web}}
: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=
(help) - ^ a b Walker, Shaun. "Ukrainians report sightings of missile launcher on day of MH17 crash". theguardian. Retrieved 23 July 2014.
- ^ Miller, James (25 July 2014). "Evidence Review: Who Shot Down MH17?". The Interpreter. Retrieved 26 July 2014.
- ^ Landay, Jonathan S. "WASHINGTON: U.S. officials still dont know who shot down Malaysian airliner | World". The Bellingham Herald. Retrieved 24 July 2014.
{{cite web}}
: C1 control character in|title=
at position 37 (help) - ^ "Militants admit to shooting down MH17 - reports". ONE News. 18 July 2014. Retrieved 10 August 2014.
- ^ Demirjian, Karoun. "Watch: Ukraine's pro-Russian rebels discuss MH17′s black box in secret recording". The Washington Post. Retrieved 10 August 2014.
- ^ Polityuk, Pavel; Piper, Elizabeth (19 July 2014). Ireland, Louise (ed.). "Ukraine says has "compelling evidence" Russian crew shot down Malaysian plane". Reuters. Archived from the original on 19 July 2014. Retrieved 19 July 2014.
- ^ "Ракетним комплексом "Бук", який збив Boeing-777 керували росіяни, – СБУ (Missile complex "BUK", that shot Boeing-777 was managed by Russian citizens) – Espreso.tv (leading Ukrainian news agency)". Espreso.tv. 19 July 2014. Retrieved 19 July 2014.
- ^ Schofield, Matthew. "Ukraine video claims proof of Russia-supplied anti-aircraft system". Mcclatchydc.com. Retrieved 20 July 2014.
- ^ Gregory, Paul Roderick (18 July 2014). "Smoking Guns: Russian Separatists Shot Down Malaysian Flight MH17; Putin Must Be Held Responsible". Forbes.
{{cite news}}
: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=
(help) - ^ Gregory, Paul Roderick (19 July 2014). "Here Are The Intercepted Transcripts Indicating Russian Rebels Shot Down Malaysian Flight MH17". Forbes. Retrieved 22 July 2014.
- ^ "MH17 Malaysia plane crash in Ukraine: What we know". BBC News. Archived from the original on 18 July 2014. Retrieved 21 July 2014.
- ^ Leonard, Peter; Chernov, Mstyslav. "Both sides in Ukraine deny shooting down plane". Associated Press. Retrieved 21 July 2014.
- ^ "Malaysian plane was shot down by rebels, intercepted phone calls prove, Ukraine's president says". National Post. Associated Press via Postmedia Network. 17 July 2014. Retrieved 17 July 2014.
- ^ "The Guardian 29 July 2014". the Guardian. Retrieved 8 September 2014.
- ^ Lorenzo Cremonesi (22 July 2014). "Così è stato colpito l'aereo". Corriere de la Serra. Retrieved 22 July 2014.
- ^ Stewart, Phil; Hosenball, Mark (19 July 2014). "U.S scrambles to determine who fired Russian-made missile at jet". Reuters. Retrieved 22 July 2014.
- ^ Ishaan Tharoor – The evidence that may prove pro-Russian separatists shot down MH17 – The Washington Post – 20 July 2014. Retrieved 3 August 2014.
- ^ Australian Associated Press. "Australia says all MH17 bodies should be retrieved from crash site within days | World news". theguardian.com. Retrieved 4 August 2014.
- ^ Paul McGeough (14 June 2012). "Ukraine war zone tempers Federal Police attempts to access MH17 crash site". Smh.com.au. Retrieved 4 August 2014.
- ^ "Britain says highly likely MH17 shot down by Russian-supplied missile | Reuters". In.reuters.com. 26 July 2014. Retrieved 4 August 2014.
- ^ Anton Zverev (23 July 2014). "Ukraine rebel commander acknowledges fighters had BUK missile". Reuters.
- ^ Shaun Walker in Donetsk. "MH17: Ukraine separatist commander 'admits' rebels had Buk missile system | World news". The Guardian. Retrieved 24 July 2014.
- ^ Buckley, Neil (4 July 2014). "Separatist leader admits Ukraine rebels held Buk missile system". FT.com. Retrieved 24 July 2014.
- ^ Walker, Shaun. "MH17: Ukraine separatist commander 'admits' rebels had Buk missile system". The Guardian. Retrieved 24 July 2014.
- ^ Natasha Culzac (28 July 2014). "MH17 crash: Black boxes show plane suffered 'massive explosive decompression' following shrapnel hit – Europe – World". The Independent. Retrieved 28 July 2014.
{{cite news}}
: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=
(help) - ^ "US Claims of Flight MH17 Downing by Militia Remain Unfounded – Russia's Defense Ministry". RIA Novosti. 24 July 2014.
The United States has not yet provided any documented evidence to prove that the rocket that brought down the Malaysia Airlines Boeing 777 was launched from militia-controlled territory, Russian Deputy Defense Minister Anatoly Antonov said Thursday.
- ^ Trevelyan, Mark (30 August 2014). "Russia demands publication of recordings from downed flight MH17". Reuters. Retrieved 2 September 2014.
- ^ Sweeney, John (8 September 2014). "MH17 disaster: Russians 'controlled BUK missile system'". BBC. Retrieved 9 September 2014.
- ^ Ostanin, Igor (8 September 2014). "Images Show the Buk that Downed Flight MH17, Inside Russia, Controlled by Russian Troops". BellingCat. Retrieved 9 September 2014.
- ^ "Official: 181 bodies found at MH17 crash site". The Hindu. Associated Press. 18 July 2014. Retrieved 19 July 2014.
- ^ "Ukraine says rebels blocking crash inquiry". Al Jazeera. 19 July 2014. Retrieved 19 July 2014.
- ^ "Raw: Crews begin moving bodies at jet crash site". USA Today. AP. 19 July 2014. Retrieved 19 July 2014.
- ^ Miller, Nick (19 July 2014). "MH17: 'Unknown groups' use body bags". Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 19 July 2014.
- ^ Grytsenko, Oksana. "MH17: armed rebels fuel chaos as rotting corpses pile up on the roadside". The Guardian. Retrieved 19 July 2014.
- ^ "Rutte geschokt over 'respectloos gedrag' op rampplek" (in Dutch). Nu.nl. 19 July 2014. Retrieved 19 July 2014.
- ^ Laura de Jong (21 July 2014). "Rutte: 'Zorgvuldiger met lichamen omgegaan dan werd gevreesd'". de Volkskrant (in Dutch).
- ^ Sonne, Paul; Alexander Kolyandr, Margaret Coker (20 July 2014). "Bodies Removed From MH17 Crash Site Human Remains Moved to Railcars at Torez Station". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 20 July 2014.
- ^ "BBC News – MH17 plane crash: Dutch experts examine bodies". Bbc.com. 21 July 2014. Retrieved 21 July 2014.
- ^ "Trein met lichamen slachtoffers heeft station verlaten". de Volkskrant. 21 July 2014. Retrieved 21 July 2014.
- ^ Marlow, Iain (21 July 2014). "MH17: Malaysia reaches 'behind the scenes' deal to recover bodies". Globe and Mail. Retrieved 21 July 2014.
- ^ "Obama calls for Russia 'pivot' on Ukraine as MH17 investigation begins". Al Jazeera America. Al Jazeera. 21 July 2014. Retrieved 21 July 2014.
- ^ "Netherlands to coordinate MH17 victim identification efforts | Business Standard News". Business-standard.com. 21 July 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2014.
- ^ "MH17: Tony Abbott announces Operation Bring Them Home to secure and identify victims of Malaysia Airlines disaster – ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation)". Abc.net.au. Retrieved 22 July 2014.
- ^ Higgins, Andrew (22 July 2014). "Bodies of Crash Victims Safely Moved Out of Combat Area". The New York Times. Retrieved 22 July 2014.
- ^ "MH17 bodies leave Ukraine rebel area and reach Kharkiv". BBC News. 22 July 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2014.
- ^ "Hilversum treft voorbereidingen voor lichamen MH17". Nieuws.nl. 22 July 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2014.
- ^ McGeough, Paul (23 July 2014). "MH17 crash: families' worst fears realised as bodies go missing". The Age. Retrieved 23 July 2014.
- ^ Heather Saul (23 July 2014). "MH17 crash victims: First bodies arrive in Netherlands from Ukraine". The Independent.
- ^ "Weer 74 kisten naar Hilversum". NOS . 24 July 2014.
- ^ "Dutch and Australian police to use drones, divers and sniffer dogs in perilous search for victims". The Daily Telegraph (London). 1 August 2014. Retrieved 3 August 2014.
{{cite web}}
: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=
(help) - ^ ""MH17 investigators frustrated at limited access due to fighting,"". the Guardian. Retrieved 8 September 2014.
- ^ Australian Associated Press (1 August 2014). "Australia says all MH17 bodies should be retrieved from crash site within days | World news". theguardian.com. Retrieved 3 August 2014.
- ^ Helen Davidson and agencies (6 August 2014). "MH17 crash: search for remains halted as Australia begins day of mourning | World news". theguardian.com. Retrieved 10 August 2014.
- ^ "MH17 bodies arrive in Malaysia". Agence France-Presse in Kuala Lumpur. 21 August 2014. Retrieved 22 August 2014.
- ^ TheStar (22 August 2014). "MH17 day of mourning: White hearses arrive at KLIA".
- ^ http://edition.cnn.com/2014/09/09/world/europe/netherlands-ukraine-mh17-report/index.html?hpt=hp_t2
- ^ "18 more bodies from MH17 crash identified". Worldbulletin News. 13 September 2014. Retrieved 14 September 2014.
- ^ "Malaysia Airlines crash: President Poroshenko calls shooting down of Malaysian plane an 'act of terrorism'". The Daily Telegraph. 17 July 2014. Retrieved 17 July 2014.
- ^ "Malaysia to Work with Russia, Ukrainian Governments on MH17". English.cri.cn. Retrieved 17 July 2014.
- ^ "Malaysian PM Demands Swift Justice if Plane Was Shot Down". Reuters. Voice of America. 17 July 2014. Retrieved 18 July 2014.
- ^ Yong Yen Nie (18 July 2014). "Malaysia Airlines MH17 crash: Flags to fly at half-mast over next three days, says Najib". Straits Times Asia Report. Retrieved 19 July 2014.
- ^ "Verklaring premier Rutte over crash MH17 | Binnenland" (in Dutch). De Telegraaf. Retrieved 17 July 2014.
- ^ "Statement of His Majesty King Willem-Alexander on Malaysian flight MH17". Kingdom of the Netherlands. The Netherlands Embassy in Washington, D.C., United States. 17 July 2014. Retrieved 17 July 2014.
- ^ "Timmermans mee met onderzoekers naar Oekraïne". ANP (in Dutch). Volkskrant.nl. 18 July 2014. Retrieved 18 July 2014.
- ^ Novum (17 July 2014). "Vlaggen overheidsgebouwen halfstok na vliegramp" (in Dutch). Nieuws.nl. Retrieved 17 July 2014.
- ^ Novum (18 July 2014). "Vierdaagse Nijmegen: muziek geschrapt wegens vliegramp" (in Dutch). nieuws.nl. Retrieved 18 July 2014.
- ^ Thomas Escritt, Angus MacSwan (21 July 2014). "Netherlands opens war crimes investigation into airliner downing". Yahoo! News.
- ^ a b Maiden, Samantha (19 July 2014). "MH17: Russia says Tony Abbott 'operating only on speculation' in his tough stance over separatist involvement in plane tragedy". dailytelegraph.com.au. Retrieved 19 July 2014.
- ^ "Malaysia Airlines MH17: Russia says Tony Abbott's comments blaming separatists are 'unacceptable', Julie Bishop criticises Moscow for lack of talks – ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation)". Abc.net.au. Retrieved 19 July 2014.
- ^ "MH17: Prime Minister Tony Abbott hits out at 'shambolic' recovery effort; Government considers listing outrage as terrorist act; rebels move bodies to refrigerated train – ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation)". Abc.net.au. 17 July 2014. Retrieved 21 July 2014.
- ^ "Путин: за авиакатастрофу несет ответственность Украина" (in Russian). RIA Novosti. 18 July 2014. Retrieved 18 July 2014.
"Безусловно, государство, над территорией которого это произошло, несет ответственность за эту страшную трагедию", – сказал глава РФ
{{cite news}}
: Unknown parameter|trans_title=
ignored (|trans-title=
suggested) (help) - ^ a b "Joe Biden: Malaysia Airlines flight 'apparently' shot down". MSNBC. 17 July 2014. Retrieved 17 July 2014.
- ^ "Malaysia Airlines MH17 plane crash in Ukraine LIVE UPDATES". RT. 17 July 2014. Retrieved 21 July 2014.
- ^ Silke Mülherr und Inga Pylypchuk (26 July 2014). "Putin realisiert, dass er die Falschen bewaffnete". Die Welt. Retrieved 1 August 2014.
- ^ Mason, Jeff; Holland, Steve (18 July 2014). "White House urges Ukraine ceasefire for plane probe, Obama talks to Putin". Reuters. Retrieved 18 July 2014.
- ^ a b Shear, Michael D.; Sengupta, Somini; Tavernise, Sabrina (18 July 2014). "Obama Points to Pro-Russia Separatists in Downing of Malaysia Airlines Plane". The New York Times. Retrieved 18 July 2014.
- ^ Leonard, Peter. "Ukraine: 295 on Malaysia plane shot down over east". Associated Press. The Big Story. Retrieved 17 July 2014.
- ^ "MH17 plane crash: David Cameron urges those responsible for downing jet to be 'held to account'". The Daily Telegraph. 18 July 2014. Retrieved 18 July 2014.
- ^ David M. Herszenhorn (25 July 2014), Russia Steps Up Help for Rebels in Ukraine War, The New York Times.
- ^ "Rebel leader gives bizarre account of plane crash". Yahoo! News. Associated Press. 18 July 2014. Retrieved 18 July 2014.
- ^ Игорь Стрелков (18 July 2014). "Игорь Стрелков: часть людей из Боинга умерли за несколько суток до катастрофы" (in Russian). RusVesna. Retrieved 19 July 2014.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|trans_title=
ignored (|trans-title=
suggested) (help) - ^ "EUROPA – PRESS RELEASES – Press release – Joint statement by the President of the European Commission, José Manuel Barroso, and the President of the European Council, Herman Van Rompuy, on the crash of the Malaysian airliner in Ukraine". Europa.eu. 13 May 2014. Retrieved 19 July 2014.
- ^ "Malaysian plane MH17 crash investigators face struggle : Asia, News – India Today". Indiatoday.intoday.in. Retrieved 19 July 2014.
- ^ "Ukraine Requests ICAO Assistance in MH17 Accident Investigation". ICAO. 18 July 2014. Retrieved 20 July 2014.
- ^ "Australia mourns MH17 victims at memorial service". ITV News. 20 July 2014. Retrieved 21 July 2014.
- ^ "Woensdag 23 juli dag van nationale rouw | nu.nl/binnenland | Het laatste nieuws het eerst op". Nu.nl. Retrieved 22 July 2014.
- ^ "Malaysian Airlines Flight MH17: Netherlands Declares National Day of Mourning For MH17 Victims". International Business Times. 20 July 2014. Retrieved 21 July 2014.
- ^ Jahshan, Elias (20 July 2014). "AIDS 2014 opening ceremony tinged with sombre mood". Star Observer. Retrieved 21 July 2014.
- ^ Leyl, Sharanjit (21 July 2014). "MH17 crash: Malaysians mourn at makeshift memorials". BBC News. Retrieved 21 July 2014.
- ^ "Andrei Orlov. Requiem for MH-17" (on "Facts" in Russian)
- ^ Ioffe, Julia (20 July 2014). "The Russian Public Has a Totally Different Understanding of What Happened to Malaysia Airlines Flight 17: And it's more of a problem than you think". New Republic. Retrieved 21 July 2014.
- ^ Squires, Nick (18 July 2014). "British journalist working for Russian TV resigns over bias in Ukraine MH17 coverage". Telegraph. Retrieved 19 July 2014.
- ^ Radziwinowicz, Wacław (18 July 2014). "'Zamach na Putina', 'Ile odszkodowań zapłacą Ukraińcy' i zmiany w Wikipedii. Ofensywa propagandowa Moskwy" (in Polish). Wyborcza.pl. Retrieved 19 July 2014.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|subscription=
ignored (|url-access=
suggested) (help); Unknown parameter|trans_title=
ignored (|trans-title=
suggested) (help) - ^ Mills, Laura (22 July 2014). "Russians Fed Conspiracy Theories on Ukraine Crash". Yahoo News. Associated Press. Retrieved 22 July 2014.
- ^ "Катастрофа "Боинга" под Донецком". Levada.ru. 30 July 2014. Retrieved 10 August 2014.
- ^ Luhn, Alec. "MH17: vast majority of Russians believe Ukraine downed plane, poll finds". The Guardian. Guardian News and Media Limited. Retrieved 2 August 2014.
- ^ "More Than 80% of Russians Blame Ukrainian Army for MH17 Crash". The Moscow Times. Retrieved 8 September 2014.
- ^ "MH17 fallout: Russian reporter Sara Firth quits over Ukraine 'lies'". News.com.au. 28 March 2014. Retrieved 21 July 2014.
- ^ "Russia Today reporter resigns in protest at MH17 coverage". The Guardian. Retrieved 18 July 2014.
{{cite news}}
: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=
(help) - ^ "Russian newspaper Novaya Gazeta prints front-page apology for MH17 disaster in Dutch". News.com.au. 25 July 2014. Retrieved 25 July 2014.
- ^ Groll, Elias (25 July 2014). "Russian Paper Issues Front Page Apology to Netherlands for MH17". Foreign Policy. Retrieved 25 July 2014.
- ^ "Maps of the Crash of Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 - NYTimes.com". The New York Times. 19 July 2014. Retrieved 19 July 2014.
{{cite news}}
: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=
(help)
External links
- Investigation crash MH17, 17 July 2014 Donetsk - Dutch Safety Board
- Media Statement & Information on Flight MH17 - Malaysia Airlines
- Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 – Malaysia Ministry of Transport
- Official MH17 Passenger Manifest - Malaysia Airlines
- Full flight history for Malaysia Airlines flight MH17 - Flightradar24
- Malaysia Airlines plane MH17 'shot down' in Ukraine – as it happened, The Guardian
- Map of a Tragedy: How MH17 Came Apart Over Ukraine - The Wall Street Journal
- Photo Gallery: Memorial Spot for MH17 Victims at Amsterdam International Airport