Oryza sativa | |
---|---|
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | |
(unranked): | |
(unranked): | |
(unranked): | |
Order: | |
Family: | |
Genus: | |
Species: | O. sativa
|
Binomial name | |
Oryza sativa |
Oryza sativa (common names include Asian rice) is the plant species known in English as rice. Oryza sativa has the smallest cereal genome consisting of just 430Mb across 12 chromosomes. It is renowned for being easy to genetically modify and is a model organism for cereal biology.
Oryza sativa contains two major subspecies: the sticky, short-grained japonica or sinica variety, and the non-sticky, long-grained indica variety. Japonica are usually cultivated in dry fields, in temperate East Asia, upland areas of Southeast Asia and high elevations in South Asia, while indica are mainly lowland rices, grown mostly submerged, throughout tropical Asia. Rice is known to come in a variety of colors, including: white, brown, black, purple, and red.[1]
A third subspecies, which is broad-grained and thrives under tropical conditions, was identified based on morphology and initially called javanica, but is now known as tropical japonica. Examples of this variety include the medium grain “Tinawon” and “Unoy” cultivars, which are grown in the high-elevation rice terraces of the Cordillera Mountains of northern Luzon, Philippines.[2]
Glaszmann (1987) used isozymes to sort Oryza sativa into six groups: japonica, aromatic, indica, aus, rayada, and ashina.[3]
Garris et al (2004) used SSRs to sort Oryza sativa into five groups; temperate japonica, tropical japonica and aromatic comprise the japonica varieties, while indica and aus comprise the indica varieties.[4]
References
- ^ Oka (1988)
- ^ CECAP, PhilRice and IIRR. 2000. “Highland Rice Production in the Philippine Cordillera.”
- ^ Glaszmann, J. C. (2004). "Isozymes and classification of Asian rice varieties". Theoretical and Applied Genetics.
- ^ Garris; et al. (2004). "Genetic structure and diversity in Oryza sativa L." Genetics.
{{cite journal}}
: Explicit use of et al. in:|author=
(help)