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== Life == |
== Life == |
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=== Early life === |
=== Early life === |
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Swamy was born on 26 April 1937 in [[Trichy]] |
Swamy was born on 26 April 1937 in a Viragalur village in [[Trichy]] district of [[Tamil Nadu]], India.<ref name=":1" /><ref name="scroll01">{{cite web |last1=PM |first1=Tony |last2=Martin |first2=Peter |title=Adivasi rights activist Stan Swamy's life and work demonstrate why the powerful want him silenced |url=https://scroll.in/article/976136/arrested-adivasi-rights-activist-stan-swamys-life-demonstrates-why-the-powerful-want-him-silenced |website=Scroll |access-date=22 October 2020}}</ref><ref name="wire">{{cite web |last1=Thekaekara |first1=Mari Marcel |title=The Indomitable Spirit of Father Stan Swamy |url=https://m.thewire.in/article/rights/the-indomitable-spirit-of-father-stan-swamy |website=The Wire |access-date=11 October 2020 |ref=wire}}</ref> As he lost his father at a very young age, was his older brother TPL Irudayaswamy who took up farming to raise his brothers and sisters.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-12 |title=The life and death of Father Stan Swamy |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/the-life-and-death-of-father-stan-swamy-101626061660105.html |access-date=2022-11-07 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> Inspired by the work of Jesuit priests, he studied theology from an early age. From 1965 to 1967, he spent his Jesuit regency at St. Xavier's High School in Chaibasa in West Singhbhum district of what is now Jharkhand state. While there, he began learning about and working with Adivasi (Hindi: "Original Inhabitatnts") communities, a practice which be continue through the end of his life. |
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His experiences as a teacher and hostel prefect Chaibasa had a deep impact on him. At the weekly bazaar on Tuesday (the Mangal-haat), which he attended with students, he saw first-hand how outsider merchants and their agents cheated the Adivasis. “I felt pain but could not do anything about it,” he said.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Martin |first=Tony PM & Peter |title=Adivasi rights activist Stan Swamy’s life and work demonstrate why the powerful want him silenced |url=https://scroll.in/article/976136/arrested-adivasi-rights-activist-stan-swamys-life-demonstrates-why-the-powerful-want-him-silenced |access-date=2022-11-07 |website=Scroll.in |language=en-US}}</ref> An anecdote he shared from that was about watching an Adivasi man climbing a mango tree and only plucking some of the ripe fruit. Asked by Swamy why he had not plucked all the fruit, the man replied that he took what he needed—the rest was for the birds, the squirrels, worms, and all other creatures to eat. This showed Swamy how much he had to learn from Adivasis about ethics and morality.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-12 |title=Under the Mango tree - NRI Affairs |url=https://www.nriaffairs.com/under-the-mango-tree/ |access-date=2022-11-07 |language=en-US}}</ref> |
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=== Activism === |
=== Activism === |
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In 1971, Swamy completed his Master's degree in sociology in sociology in the Philippines,<ref name="scroll01" /> where he encountered a series of protests and demonstrations against the administration. While there, he also made friends with Brazilian Catholic Archbishop [[Hélder Câmara]], whose work with poor people influenced him.<ref name=":1" /> Returning to India, Swamy was put in charge of the Catholic Relief Services charity in the Jesuit Jamshedpur Province, also in Jharkhand. During this period, he was part of the Tribal Research and Training Centre created by Jesuits, for which he visited many outlying villages, to learn about Adivasi people and their culture. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jyoti Bahen Urumpil |first=The India Forum |title=Remembering Stan Swamy, the revolutionary who challenged everything – including the Church |url=https://scroll.in/article/1000095/remembering-stan-swamy-the-revolutionary-who-challenged-everything-including-the-church |access-date=2022-11-07 |website=Scroll.in |language=en-US}}</ref> He was also active in the underground movement to oppose the Emergency. |
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⚫ | Swamy |
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From 1975 to 1986, Swamy served as the director of India's leading Jesuit institution, the [[Indian Social Institute, Bangalore]], where he trained young people from marginalized communities across the Indian subcontinent alongside educationist Duarte Baretto.<ref>{{cite web |title=Directors, Indian Social Institute |url=https://isibangalore.com/directors |website=Indian Social Institute |access-date=11 October 2020}}</ref> Among his students there were Vernon Gonsalves and Jyoti Bahen Urumpil. |
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in 1991, Father Stan moved back to Chaibasa, where he helped revive JOHAR—the Jharkhandi Organization for Human Rights, through which he helped Adivasi people to protect their lands and homes from unfair expropriation by the state and mining corporations. In June 2001, Swamy moved to Ranch, where He began to contact organizations and movements in a process of coordinating the struggles against dispossession of Adivasis. In 2006, with the support of the Jesuit society and intellectuals and activists such as Xavier Dias and Ramdayal Munda, he set up Bagaicha, an Adivasi research, documentation, and training center near Ranchi. The idea, Swamy said during an interview, was to “focus on these two issues, land alienation and displacement caused by developmental projects like mining, dams and creation of townships without the consent of the people… and it was often such people who were at the receiving end. It became our task to … work with (young people of the Dalit and Adivasi communities) and help them to understand scientifically the issues they are facing. And if this is the issue, what will be the nature of the people’s movements and people’s organizations, and what could be the strategies that need to be worked out.”<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-12 |title=The life and death of Father Stan Swamy |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/the-life-and-death-of-father-stan-swamy-101626061660105.html |access-date=2022-11-07 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> |
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⚫ | In these decades, Swamy undertook the advocacy of the legal rights of Adivasi and Dalit communities granted by laws like PESA (1996), which ensured self governance through Gram Sabhas for people living in Scheduled Areas; the Forest Rights Act (2006), which recognized the rights of forest-dwelling communities to forest resources; and the Land Acquisition Act of 2013, which guaranteed the rights to fair compensation and transparency in land acquisition, and the need for the assent of Gram Sabhas. He questioned the non-implementation of the Fifth Schedule of the Constitution, which stipulates setting up of a Tribes Advisory Council with members solely of the [[Adivasi]] community for their protection, well-being and development in the state.<ref>{{Cite web|date=10 October 2020|title=Explained: Who is Stan Swamy, the latest to be arrested in the Elgar Parishad-Bhima Koregaon case?|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/who-is-stan-swamy-6717126/|access-date=12 October 2020|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> |
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Believing deeply in the importance of working with all progressive and secular movements, Swamy stood in solidarity in various Adivasi organizations fighting against their dispossession. Observing the widespread arrests of Adivasi youth for peaceful protests against land acquisition, Swamy formed the Persecuted Prisoners Solidarity Committee (PPSC) with [[Sudha Bharadwaj]], , to expose the illegal imprisonment of Adivasi activists; heve filed a case against the state of Jharkhand on behalf of at least 3,000 Adivasi youths languishing in jail. Furthermore, he and research team from Bagaicha, authored in a 2015 report, "Deprived of rights over natural resources, improvised Adivasis get prison: A study of undertrials in Jharkhand," which showed how a disproportionately large number of Adivasi men and women aged between 18-40 years were languishing in various prisons across Jharkhand as undertrials without bail. All of them were incarcerated for allegedly being Maoists without any evidence or based on fabricated charges. In fact, the report found that 97% of those incarcerated had no such connections. |
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=== Arrest and Planted Evidence === |
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⚫ | Swamy was implicated in the [[2018 Bhima Koregaon violence]], though he maintained that he was not in Pune at the time of the events—and has in fact never been to Bhima Koregaon.<ref name="MM15112020">{{cite news |title=Elgar Parishad case: 'Humanity is bubbling in Taloja prison' |url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/mumbai/crime/elgar-parishad-case-humanity-is-bubbling-in-taloja-prison/articleshow/79227704.cms |access-date=15 November 2020 |agency=Mumbai Mirror |date=15 November 2020}}</ref> The Indian state alleged that the PPSC was a front for Maoist fundraising. The Jesuits denied the allegation of Swamy being a Maoist, by stating that it was against the ethos of the Jesuit order.<ref name="midday" /> He was arrested<ref name="wire2">{{cite web |last1=Shantha |first1=Sukanya |title=NIA Arrests 83-Year-Old Tribal Rights Activist Stan Swamy in Elgar Parishad Case |url=https://thewire.in/rights/stan-swamy-arrested-elgar-parishad-case |website=The Wire |access-date=11 October 2020}}</ref> by the [[National Investigation Agency|NIA]] on 8 October 2020, from Bagaicha, and charged under the [[Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act]], 1967, under which bail can be denied. The case was initially investigated by the [[Pune Police]] but later handed over to the NIA.<ref>{{cite news |title= Maharashtra CM Uddhav Thackeray set to withdraw Bhima-Koregaon cases against activists |url=https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/india/maharashtra-cm-uddhav-thackeray-set-to-withdraw-bhima-koregaon-cases-against-activists |access-date=29 August 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title= NIA took over the case from State government |url=https://www.vaticannews.va/en/church/news/2020-11/india-jesuit-stan-swamy-prison-letter.html |access-date=29 August 2020}}</ref> He had earlier been arrested in June 2018 in [[Ranchi]] on similar accusations.<ref>{{cite news |title=Fr Stan Swamy, priest arrested in Ranchi: 'False and fabricated' charges against me |url=http://www.asianews.it/news-en/Fr-Stan-Swamy,-priest-arrested-in-Ranchi:-%E2%80%98False-and-fabricated%E2%80%99-charges-against-me-44861.html |access-date=11 October 2020 |agency=Asia News |date=9 June 2018}}</ref> Activists [[Vernon Gonsalves]] and [[Arun Ferreira]] were also lodged at Taloja prison along with Swamy.<ref name="MM15112020" /> |
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In a video circulated two days ahead of his arrest, Swamy suggested his arrest was linked to his work, as it involved dissent against government policies. He said |
In a video circulated two days ahead of his arrest, Swamy suggested his arrest was linked to his work, as it involved dissent against government policies. He said |
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<blockquote>What is happening to me is not something unique happening to me alone. It is a broader process that is taking place all over the country. We are all aware how prominent intellectuals, lawyers writers, poets, activists, students, leaders, they are all put into jail because they have expressed their dissent or raised questions about the ruling powers of India. We are part of the process. In a way I am happy to be part of this process. I am not a silent spectator, but part of the game, and ready to pay the price whatever be it.<ref name="global" /></blockquote> |
<blockquote>What is happening to me is not something unique happening to me alone. It is a broader process that is taking place all over the country. We are all aware how prominent intellectuals, lawyers writers, poets, activists, students, leaders, they are all put into jail because they have expressed their dissent or raised questions about the ruling powers of India. We are part of the process. In a way I am happy to be part of this process. I am not a silent spectator, but part of the game, and ready to pay the price whatever be it.<ref name="global" /></blockquote> |
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While incarcerated in [[Taloja Central Jail]], in a letter to his Jesuit colleague, Swamy highlighted the plight of the prisoners stating, "Many of such poor undertrials don't know what charges have been put on them, have not seen their chargesheet and just remain in prison for years without any legal or other assistance."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jesuit.ie/news/fr-stan-swamy-sj-a-caged-bird-can-still-sing/ |
While incarcerated in [[Taloja Central Jail]], in a letter to his Jesuit colleague, Swamy highlighted the plight of the prisoners stating, "Many of such poor undertrials don't know what charges have been put on them, have not seen their chargesheet and just remain in prison for years without any legal or other assistance."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Murphy |first=Gavin T. |date=26 January 2021 |title=Fr Stan Swamy SJ – 'A caged bird can still sing' |url=https://www.jesuit.ie/news/fr-stan-swamy-sj-a-caged-bird-can-still-sing/}}</ref> He ended the letter saying, "But we will still sing in chorus. A caged bird can still sing."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Father Stan Swamy pens letter on plight of other undertrials |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/father-stan-swamy-pens-letter-on-plight-of-other-undertrials/cid/1804613 |website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref> |
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=== Arrest === |
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⚫ | Swamy was implicated in the [[2018 Bhima Koregaon violence]], |
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Swamy's arrest triggered widespread protests across India.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Barik |first1=Satyasundar |title='Stan Swamy's arrest a violation of human rights', say civil rights activists |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/stan-swamys-arrest-a-violation-of-human-rights-say-civil-rights-activists/article32817710.ece |access-date=12 October 2020 |agency=The Hindu |date=10 October 2020}}</ref> The People's Union for Civil Liberties (PUCL), [[All India Catholic Union]], the [[Catholic Bishops Conference of India]], Kerala Catholic Bishops' Conference (KCBC), Kerala Latin Catholic Association (KLCA), Kerala Jesuit Provincial,<ref>{{cite news |last1=ENS |title=Various Kerala church sects demand Father Stan Swamy's release |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2020/oct/11/various-kerala-church-sects-demand-father-stan-swamys-release-2208948.html |access-date=12 October 2020 |work=New Indian Express |date=11 October 2020}}</ref> Federation of Asian Bishops Conferences (FABC),<ref name="va2">{{cite web |title=Asian bishops' solidarity with jailed Indian Jesuit |url=https://www.vaticannews.va/en/church/news/2020-10/asia-bishops-fabc-bo-appeal-release-jesuit-stan-swamy.html |website=Vatican News |date=26 October 2020 |access-date=29 November 2020}}</ref> and the international Jesuit community,<ref>{{cite web |title=Jesuits Demand Immediate Release of Fr. Stan Swamy, SJ |url=https://www.jesuits.org/stories/jesuits-demand-immediate-release-of-fr-stan-swamy-sj/ |website=jesuits.org |publisher=The Jesuits |access-date=23 October 2020}}</ref><ref name="global">{{cite web |title=In Solidarity with Fr. Stan Swamy, a 83 year old Jesuit arrested in India |url=https://www.jesuits.global/2020/10/09/in-solidarity-with-fr-stan-swamy-a-83-year-old-jesuit-arrested-in-india/ |website=Jesuits Global |publisher=Jesuits |access-date=12 October 2020}}</ref><ref name="britain" /> all protested, calling for his release.<ref>{{cite news |title=Catholic union calls for Father Stan Swamy's release |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/catholic-union-calls-for-father-stan-swamys-release-900209.html |access-date=11 October 2020 |agency=Deccan Herald |date=10 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=PUCL Condemns the Detention and Arrest of Fr. Stan Swamy in Bhima Koregaon Case |url=https://countercurrents.org/2020/10/pucl-condemns-the-detention-and-arrest-of-fr-stan-swamy-in-bhima-koregaon-case/ |website=Counter Currents |date=8 October 2020 |publisher=People's Union For Civil Liberties}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=11 October 2020|title=CBCI seeks release of Stan Swamy|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/cbci-seeks-release-of-stan-swamy-6720248/|access-date=12 October 2020|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> The Ranchi Catholic Church released a statement saying it was "distressed and troubled" at the way he was arrested.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=11 October 2020|title=Held by NIA over 'Maoist links', 83-yr-old priest worked for tribals, took on govt policies, and 'even the Church'|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/father-stan-swamy-nia-maoist-elgaar-parishad-6720185/|access-date=12 October 2020|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> The arrests were termed as politically motivated due to his work among the [[adivasi]] community, the release of undertrials, Persecuted Prisoners Solidarity Committee,<ref name="wire3">{{cite news|last1=and Debmalya|first1=Rajendran Narayanan|date=3 September 2018|title=Father Stan Swamy, Children and the Unholy State|agency=The Wire|url=https://thewire.in/rights/stan-swamy-jharkhand-adivasis-undertrials-pesa-uapa|access-date=12 October 2020}}</ref> among others.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Raj S.J. |first1=Fr. J. Felix |title=Stan Swamy's arrest 'politically motivated' |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/elgaar-parishad-case-stan-swamys-arrest-politically-motivated/cid/1794478 |access-date=12 October 2020 |agency=Telegraph India |date=12 October 2020}}</ref> Leaders of other minority religions also protested his arrest.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Mazumdar|first=Jhinuk|date=18 October 2020|title=Other brothers behind Stan Swamy|work=Telegraph India|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/calcutta/other-brothers-behind-fr-stan-swamy/cid/1795039}}</ref> In a protest on 21 October 2020, leaders of opposition political parties such as [[Shashi Tharoor]], [[Sitaram Yechury]], [[D. Raja]], [[Supriya Sule]] and [[Kanimozhi]] along with economist [[Jean Dreze]], Dr Joseph Marianus Kujur, the director of the Ranchi-based Xavier Institute of Social Sciences, activists [[Dayamani Barla]] and Rupali Jadhav, and lawyer [[Mihir Desai]] called for Stan's release.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dasgupta |first1=Sravasti |title=MPs Tharoor, Sule, Kanizmozhi join 8 others to seek UAPA repeal, release of Stan Swamy |url=https://theprint.in/india/mps-tharoor-sule-kanizmozhi-join-8-others-to-seek-uapa-repeal-release-of-stan-swamy/528112/ |access-date=21 October 2020 |agency=The Print |date=21 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title="Time To Break The Silence": Opposition Leaders Condemn Stan Swamy's Arrest |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/time-to-break-the-silence-opposition-leaders-condemn-activist-stan-swamys-arrest-2313613 |access-date=21 October 2020 |agency=Press Trust of India |date=21 October 2020}}</ref> [[Jharkhand]] Chief minister [[Hemant Soren]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=ENS |title=Jharkhand CM, Congress back Stan Swamy, question his arrest |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2020/oct/10/jharkhandcm-congress-backstan-swamy-question-his-arrest-2208586.html |access-date=12 October 2020 |work=New Indian Express |date=10 October 2020}}</ref> and [[Kerala]] [[List of chief ministers of Kerala|Chief Minister]] [[Pinarayi Vijayan]]<ref name="tnm">{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title='Father Stan Swamy should get justice': Kerala CM Pinarayi Vijayan on activist's arrest |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/father-stan-swamy-should-get-justice-kerala-cm-pinarayi-vijayan-activist-s-arrest-135188 |access-date=12 October 2020 |agency=The News Minute |date=12 October 2020}}</ref><ref name="news18">{{cite news |title=Tribal Rights Activist Fr Stan Swamy's Arrest Unfortunate:CM |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/tribal-rights-activist-fr-stan-swamys-arrest-unfortunatecm-2956553.html |access-date=12 October 2020 |agency=News18 |date=12 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Tribal Rights Activist Stan Swamy's Arrest Unfortunate: Pinarayi Vijayan |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/tribal-rights-activist-stan-swamys-arrest-unfortunate-pinarayi-vijayan-2309183 |access-date=13 October 2020 |agency=NDTV |date=12 October 2020}}</ref> both objected to Swamy's arrest. |
Swamy's arrest triggered widespread protests across India.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Barik |first1=Satyasundar |title='Stan Swamy's arrest a violation of human rights', say civil rights activists |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/stan-swamys-arrest-a-violation-of-human-rights-say-civil-rights-activists/article32817710.ece |access-date=12 October 2020 |agency=The Hindu |date=10 October 2020}}</ref> The People's Union for Civil Liberties (PUCL), [[All India Catholic Union]], the [[Catholic Bishops Conference of India]], Kerala Catholic Bishops' Conference (KCBC), Kerala Latin Catholic Association (KLCA), Kerala Jesuit Provincial,<ref>{{cite news |last1=ENS |title=Various Kerala church sects demand Father Stan Swamy's release |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2020/oct/11/various-kerala-church-sects-demand-father-stan-swamys-release-2208948.html |access-date=12 October 2020 |work=New Indian Express |date=11 October 2020}}</ref> Federation of Asian Bishops Conferences (FABC),<ref name="va2">{{cite web |title=Asian bishops' solidarity with jailed Indian Jesuit |url=https://www.vaticannews.va/en/church/news/2020-10/asia-bishops-fabc-bo-appeal-release-jesuit-stan-swamy.html |website=Vatican News |date=26 October 2020 |access-date=29 November 2020}}</ref> and the international Jesuit community,<ref>{{cite web |title=Jesuits Demand Immediate Release of Fr. Stan Swamy, SJ |url=https://www.jesuits.org/stories/jesuits-demand-immediate-release-of-fr-stan-swamy-sj/ |website=jesuits.org |publisher=The Jesuits |access-date=23 October 2020}}</ref><ref name="global">{{cite web |title=In Solidarity with Fr. Stan Swamy, a 83 year old Jesuit arrested in India |url=https://www.jesuits.global/2020/10/09/in-solidarity-with-fr-stan-swamy-a-83-year-old-jesuit-arrested-in-india/ |website=Jesuits Global |publisher=Jesuits |access-date=12 October 2020}}</ref><ref name="britain" /> all protested, calling for his release.<ref>{{cite news |title=Catholic union calls for Father Stan Swamy's release |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/catholic-union-calls-for-father-stan-swamys-release-900209.html |access-date=11 October 2020 |agency=Deccan Herald |date=10 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=PUCL Condemns the Detention and Arrest of Fr. Stan Swamy in Bhima Koregaon Case |url=https://countercurrents.org/2020/10/pucl-condemns-the-detention-and-arrest-of-fr-stan-swamy-in-bhima-koregaon-case/ |website=Counter Currents |date=8 October 2020 |publisher=People's Union For Civil Liberties}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=11 October 2020|title=CBCI seeks release of Stan Swamy|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/cbci-seeks-release-of-stan-swamy-6720248/|access-date=12 October 2020|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> The Ranchi Catholic Church released a statement saying it was "distressed and troubled" at the way he was arrested.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=11 October 2020|title=Held by NIA over 'Maoist links', 83-yr-old priest worked for tribals, took on govt policies, and 'even the Church'|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/father-stan-swamy-nia-maoist-elgaar-parishad-6720185/|access-date=12 October 2020|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> The arrests were termed as politically motivated due to his work among the [[adivasi]] community, the release of undertrials, Persecuted Prisoners Solidarity Committee,<ref name="wire3">{{cite news|last1=and Debmalya|first1=Rajendran Narayanan|date=3 September 2018|title=Father Stan Swamy, Children and the Unholy State|agency=The Wire|url=https://thewire.in/rights/stan-swamy-jharkhand-adivasis-undertrials-pesa-uapa|access-date=12 October 2020}}</ref> among others.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Raj S.J. |first1=Fr. J. Felix |title=Stan Swamy's arrest 'politically motivated' |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/elgaar-parishad-case-stan-swamys-arrest-politically-motivated/cid/1794478 |access-date=12 October 2020 |agency=Telegraph India |date=12 October 2020}}</ref> Leaders of other minority religions also protested his arrest.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Mazumdar|first=Jhinuk|date=18 October 2020|title=Other brothers behind Stan Swamy|work=Telegraph India|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/calcutta/other-brothers-behind-fr-stan-swamy/cid/1795039}}</ref> In a protest on 21 October 2020, leaders of opposition political parties such as [[Shashi Tharoor]], [[Sitaram Yechury]], [[D. Raja]], [[Supriya Sule]] and [[Kanimozhi]] along with economist [[Jean Dreze]], Dr Joseph Marianus Kujur, the director of the Ranchi-based Xavier Institute of Social Sciences, activists [[Dayamani Barla]] and Rupali Jadhav, and lawyer [[Mihir Desai]] called for Stan's release.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dasgupta |first1=Sravasti |title=MPs Tharoor, Sule, Kanizmozhi join 8 others to seek UAPA repeal, release of Stan Swamy |url=https://theprint.in/india/mps-tharoor-sule-kanizmozhi-join-8-others-to-seek-uapa-repeal-release-of-stan-swamy/528112/ |access-date=21 October 2020 |agency=The Print |date=21 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title="Time To Break The Silence": Opposition Leaders Condemn Stan Swamy's Arrest |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/time-to-break-the-silence-opposition-leaders-condemn-activist-stan-swamys-arrest-2313613 |access-date=21 October 2020 |agency=Press Trust of India |date=21 October 2020}}</ref> [[Jharkhand]] Chief minister [[Hemant Soren]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=ENS |title=Jharkhand CM, Congress back Stan Swamy, question his arrest |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2020/oct/10/jharkhandcm-congress-backstan-swamy-question-his-arrest-2208586.html |access-date=12 October 2020 |work=New Indian Express |date=10 October 2020}}</ref> and [[Kerala]] [[List of chief ministers of Kerala|Chief Minister]] [[Pinarayi Vijayan]]<ref name="tnm">{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title='Father Stan Swamy should get justice': Kerala CM Pinarayi Vijayan on activist's arrest |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/father-stan-swamy-should-get-justice-kerala-cm-pinarayi-vijayan-activist-s-arrest-135188 |access-date=12 October 2020 |agency=The News Minute |date=12 October 2020}}</ref><ref name="news18">{{cite news |title=Tribal Rights Activist Fr Stan Swamy's Arrest Unfortunate:CM |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/tribal-rights-activist-fr-stan-swamys-arrest-unfortunatecm-2956553.html |access-date=12 October 2020 |agency=News18 |date=12 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Tribal Rights Activist Stan Swamy's Arrest Unfortunate: Pinarayi Vijayan |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/tribal-rights-activist-stan-swamys-arrest-unfortunate-pinarayi-vijayan-2309183 |access-date=13 October 2020 |agency=NDTV |date=12 October 2020}}</ref> both objected to Swamy's arrest. |
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On 6 November 2020, Swamy submitted an application to the special court requesting a straw and sipper, stating that he was unable to hold a glass due to Parkinson's.<ref name="TH06112020">{{cite news |last1=Saigal |first1=Sonam |title=Stan Swamy files plea to allow use of straw, sipper in Taloja jail |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/stan-swamy-files-plea-to-allow-use-of-straw-sipper-in-taloja-jail/article33042730.ece |access-date=16 November 2020 |agency=The Hindu |date=6 November 2020}}</ref><ref name="ndtv2611">{{cite news |last1=Roy|first1=Divyanshu Dutta|title=Not Till December. Stan Swamy's Wait For A Straw And Sipper Extended |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/stan-swamys-wait-for-a-straw-and-sipper-extended-not-till-december-2330570 |access-date=26 November 2020 |agency=NDTV |date=26 November 2020}}</ref> In response to the delay in arranging a straw and a sipper for Swamy,<ref>{{Cite news|date=29 November 2020|title=NIA says it didn't seize Stan Swamy's straw and sipper|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/nia-says-it-didnt-seize-stan-swamys-straw-and-sipper/article33206122.ece|access-date=5 July 2021|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> social media users protested by ordering straws and sippers online, getting them delivered to the NIA's Mumbai office and at the Taloja jail.<ref>{{Cite web|date=28 November 2020|title=Why people are posting orders of straws and sippers for arrested tribal activist Stan Swamy|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/trending/trending-in-india/netizens-send-straws-and-sipper-for-stan-swamy-after-nia-denies-confiscating-them-7070510/|access-date=5 July 2021|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Ganapatye|first1=Shruti|title=Stan Swamy gets a sipper, finally |url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/mumbai/other/stan-swamy-gets-a-sipper-finally/articleshow/79470395.cms |access-date=29 November 2020 |agency=Mumbai Mirror |date=29 November 2020}}</ref> |
On 6 November 2020, Swamy submitted an application to the special court requesting a straw and sipper, stating that he was unable to hold a glass due to Parkinson's.<ref name="TH06112020">{{cite news |last1=Saigal |first1=Sonam |title=Stan Swamy files plea to allow use of straw, sipper in Taloja jail |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/stan-swamy-files-plea-to-allow-use-of-straw-sipper-in-taloja-jail/article33042730.ece |access-date=16 November 2020 |agency=The Hindu |date=6 November 2020}}</ref><ref name="ndtv2611">{{cite news |last1=Roy|first1=Divyanshu Dutta|title=Not Till December. Stan Swamy's Wait For A Straw And Sipper Extended |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/stan-swamys-wait-for-a-straw-and-sipper-extended-not-till-december-2330570 |access-date=26 November 2020 |agency=NDTV |date=26 November 2020}}</ref> In response to the delay in arranging a straw and a sipper for Swamy,<ref>{{Cite news|date=29 November 2020|title=NIA says it didn't seize Stan Swamy's straw and sipper|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/nia-says-it-didnt-seize-stan-swamys-straw-and-sipper/article33206122.ece|access-date=5 July 2021|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> social media users protested by ordering straws and sippers online, getting them delivered to the NIA's Mumbai office and at the Taloja jail.<ref>{{Cite web|date=28 November 2020|title=Why people are posting orders of straws and sippers for arrested tribal activist Stan Swamy|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/trending/trending-in-india/netizens-send-straws-and-sipper-for-stan-swamy-after-nia-denies-confiscating-them-7070510/|access-date=5 July 2021|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Ganapatye|first1=Shruti|title=Stan Swamy gets a sipper, finally |url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/mumbai/other/stan-swamy-gets-a-sipper-finally/articleshow/79470395.cms |access-date=29 November 2020 |agency=Mumbai Mirror |date=29 November 2020}}</ref> |
||
In July 2021, an explosive and definitive report, by Arsenal Consulting, a renowned Massachusetts-based digital forensics firm, showed that a malware had been planted on the devices of two of Swamy's co-accused in the 2018 Bhima Koregaon. The malware was used to deposited dozens of files in hidden folders on the devices—files later cited the documents as incriminating evidence linking the activists to a banned Maoist militant group that aims to overthrow the government.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Evidence found on a second Indian activist’s computer was planted, report says |language=en-US |work=Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2021/07/06/bhima-koregaon-case-india/ |access-date=2022-11-07 |issn=0190-8286}}</ref> A malware-ridden email was also sent to Swamy, strongly suggesting such fake evidence was planted on his computer as well. |
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=== Illness and death === |
=== Illness and death === |
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In November 2021, Jamshedpur Jesuit Province (JJP), has petitioned the Bombay High Court, as his next-of-kin, to clear Swamy's name from the case. His counsel while appealing the Bombay High Court, to set aside NIA observation against him, had submitted, "It is strongly believed by those closest to him that his death was caused (in view of his age and past health conditions) due to his arrest and prison conditions including inadequate health facilities and health care". HC asked the petition to be resubmitted.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bombay HC Asks Jesuit Group to File New Plea if They Want Stan Swamy's Name Cleared |url=https://thewire.in/rights/bombay-hc-asks-jesuit-group-to-file-new-plea-if-they-want-stan-swamys-name-cleared |work=The Wire |date=25 November 2021}}</ref> |
In November 2021, Jamshedpur Jesuit Province (JJP), has petitioned the Bombay High Court, as his next-of-kin, to clear Swamy's name from the case. His counsel while appealing the Bombay High Court, to set aside NIA observation against him, had submitted, "It is strongly believed by those closest to him that his death was caused (in view of his age and past health conditions) due to his arrest and prison conditions including inadequate health facilities and health care". HC asked the petition to be resubmitted.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bombay HC Asks Jesuit Group to File New Plea if They Want Stan Swamy's Name Cleared |url=https://thewire.in/rights/bombay-hc-asks-jesuit-group-to-file-new-plea-if-they-want-stan-swamys-name-cleared |work=The Wire |date=25 November 2021}}</ref> |
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Swamy's death was described as an "execution by trial,” by Ajai Sahni, executive director of the Institute for Conflict Management and an expert on militant groups in South Asia. |
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== Awards == |
== Awards == |
Revision as of 02:41, 7 November 2022
The Rev. Stan Swamy | |
---|---|
![]() Swamy in 2010 | |
Born | Stanislaus Lourduswamy 26 April 1937 |
Died | 5 July 2021 Mumbai, Maharashtra, India | (aged 84)
Occupation(s) | Catholic priest, activist |
Years active | 1978–2021 |
Known for | Tribal rights activism |
Stanislaus Lourduswamy, SJ (26 April 1937 – 5 July 2021),[1] popularly known as Stan Swamy, was an Indian Catholic priest, a member of the Jesuit order,[2] and a tribal rights activist for several decades.[3][4] Swamy was the oldest person to be accused of terrorism in India.[5]
On 8 October 2020, Swamy was arrested and charged by the National Investigation Agency under the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, for his alleged role in the 2018 Bhima Koregaon violence and links to the Communist Party of India (Maoist).[6] Swamy was suffering from Parkinson's disease and had requested bail on medical grounds, which was rejected multiple times. While incarcerated, his health deteriorated and died on 5 July 2021.
Life
Early life
Swamy was born on 26 April 1937 in a Viragalur village in Trichy district of Tamil Nadu, India.[7][8][9] As he lost his father at a very young age, was his older brother TPL Irudayaswamy who took up farming to raise his brothers and sisters.[10] Inspired by the work of Jesuit priests, he studied theology from an early age. From 1965 to 1967, he spent his Jesuit regency at St. Xavier's High School in Chaibasa in West Singhbhum district of what is now Jharkhand state. While there, he began learning about and working with Adivasi (Hindi: "Original Inhabitatnts") communities, a practice which be continue through the end of his life.
His experiences as a teacher and hostel prefect Chaibasa had a deep impact on him. At the weekly bazaar on Tuesday (the Mangal-haat), which he attended with students, he saw first-hand how outsider merchants and their agents cheated the Adivasis. “I felt pain but could not do anything about it,” he said.[11] An anecdote he shared from that was about watching an Adivasi man climbing a mango tree and only plucking some of the ripe fruit. Asked by Swamy why he had not plucked all the fruit, the man replied that he took what he needed—the rest was for the birds, the squirrels, worms, and all other creatures to eat. This showed Swamy how much he had to learn from Adivasis about ethics and morality.[12]
Activism
In 1971, Swamy completed his Master's degree in sociology in sociology in the Philippines,[8] where he encountered a series of protests and demonstrations against the administration. While there, he also made friends with Brazilian Catholic Archbishop Hélder Câmara, whose work with poor people influenced him.[7] Returning to India, Swamy was put in charge of the Catholic Relief Services charity in the Jesuit Jamshedpur Province, also in Jharkhand. During this period, he was part of the Tribal Research and Training Centre created by Jesuits, for which he visited many outlying villages, to learn about Adivasi people and their culture. [13] He was also active in the underground movement to oppose the Emergency.
From 1975 to 1986, Swamy served as the director of India's leading Jesuit institution, the Indian Social Institute, Bangalore, where he trained young people from marginalized communities across the Indian subcontinent alongside educationist Duarte Baretto.[14] Among his students there were Vernon Gonsalves and Jyoti Bahen Urumpil.
in 1991, Father Stan moved back to Chaibasa, where he helped revive JOHAR—the Jharkhandi Organization for Human Rights, through which he helped Adivasi people to protect their lands and homes from unfair expropriation by the state and mining corporations. In June 2001, Swamy moved to Ranch, where He began to contact organizations and movements in a process of coordinating the struggles against dispossession of Adivasis. In 2006, with the support of the Jesuit society and intellectuals and activists such as Xavier Dias and Ramdayal Munda, he set up Bagaicha, an Adivasi research, documentation, and training center near Ranchi. The idea, Swamy said during an interview, was to “focus on these two issues, land alienation and displacement caused by developmental projects like mining, dams and creation of townships without the consent of the people… and it was often such people who were at the receiving end. It became our task to … work with (young people of the Dalit and Adivasi communities) and help them to understand scientifically the issues they are facing. And if this is the issue, what will be the nature of the people’s movements and people’s organizations, and what could be the strategies that need to be worked out.”[15]
In these decades, Swamy undertook the advocacy of the legal rights of Adivasi and Dalit communities granted by laws like PESA (1996), which ensured self governance through Gram Sabhas for people living in Scheduled Areas; the Forest Rights Act (2006), which recognized the rights of forest-dwelling communities to forest resources; and the Land Acquisition Act of 2013, which guaranteed the rights to fair compensation and transparency in land acquisition, and the need for the assent of Gram Sabhas. He questioned the non-implementation of the Fifth Schedule of the Constitution, which stipulates setting up of a Tribes Advisory Council with members solely of the Adivasi community for their protection, well-being and development in the state.[16]
Believing deeply in the importance of working with all progressive and secular movements, Swamy stood in solidarity in various Adivasi organizations fighting against their dispossession. Observing the widespread arrests of Adivasi youth for peaceful protests against land acquisition, Swamy formed the Persecuted Prisoners Solidarity Committee (PPSC) with Sudha Bharadwaj, , to expose the illegal imprisonment of Adivasi activists; heve filed a case against the state of Jharkhand on behalf of at least 3,000 Adivasi youths languishing in jail. Furthermore, he and research team from Bagaicha, authored in a 2015 report, "Deprived of rights over natural resources, improvised Adivasis get prison: A study of undertrials in Jharkhand," which showed how a disproportionately large number of Adivasi men and women aged between 18-40 years were languishing in various prisons across Jharkhand as undertrials without bail. All of them were incarcerated for allegedly being Maoists without any evidence or based on fabricated charges. In fact, the report found that 97% of those incarcerated had no such connections.
Arrest and Planted Evidence
Swamy was implicated in the 2018 Bhima Koregaon violence, though he maintained that he was not in Pune at the time of the events—and has in fact never been to Bhima Koregaon.[17] The Indian state alleged that the PPSC was a front for Maoist fundraising. The Jesuits denied the allegation of Swamy being a Maoist, by stating that it was against the ethos of the Jesuit order.[18] He was arrested[19] by the NIA on 8 October 2020, from Bagaicha, and charged under the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, 1967, under which bail can be denied. The case was initially investigated by the Pune Police but later handed over to the NIA.[20][21] He had earlier been arrested in June 2018 in Ranchi on similar accusations.[22] Activists Vernon Gonsalves and Arun Ferreira were also lodged at Taloja prison along with Swamy.[17]
In a video circulated two days ahead of his arrest, Swamy suggested his arrest was linked to his work, as it involved dissent against government policies. He said
What is happening to me is not something unique happening to me alone. It is a broader process that is taking place all over the country. We are all aware how prominent intellectuals, lawyers writers, poets, activists, students, leaders, they are all put into jail because they have expressed their dissent or raised questions about the ruling powers of India. We are part of the process. In a way I am happy to be part of this process. I am not a silent spectator, but part of the game, and ready to pay the price whatever be it.[23]
While incarcerated in Taloja Central Jail, in a letter to his Jesuit colleague, Swamy highlighted the plight of the prisoners stating, "Many of such poor undertrials don't know what charges have been put on them, have not seen their chargesheet and just remain in prison for years without any legal or other assistance."[24] He ended the letter saying, "But we will still sing in chorus. A caged bird can still sing."[25]
Swamy's arrest triggered widespread protests across India.[26] The People's Union for Civil Liberties (PUCL), All India Catholic Union, the Catholic Bishops Conference of India, Kerala Catholic Bishops' Conference (KCBC), Kerala Latin Catholic Association (KLCA), Kerala Jesuit Provincial,[27] Federation of Asian Bishops Conferences (FABC),[28] and the international Jesuit community,[29][23][2] all protested, calling for his release.[30][31][32] The Ranchi Catholic Church released a statement saying it was "distressed and troubled" at the way he was arrested.[7] The arrests were termed as politically motivated due to his work among the adivasi community, the release of undertrials, Persecuted Prisoners Solidarity Committee,[33] among others.[34] Leaders of other minority religions also protested his arrest.[35] In a protest on 21 October 2020, leaders of opposition political parties such as Shashi Tharoor, Sitaram Yechury, D. Raja, Supriya Sule and Kanimozhi along with economist Jean Dreze, Dr Joseph Marianus Kujur, the director of the Ranchi-based Xavier Institute of Social Sciences, activists Dayamani Barla and Rupali Jadhav, and lawyer Mihir Desai called for Stan's release.[36][37] Jharkhand Chief minister Hemant Soren[38] and Kerala Chief Minister Pinarayi Vijayan[39][40][41] both objected to Swamy's arrest.
In October 2020, Swamy filed for bail on the grounds of him being a victim of Parkinson's disease. His bail pleas were rejected multiple times.[42][43][44]
On 6 November 2020, Swamy submitted an application to the special court requesting a straw and sipper, stating that he was unable to hold a glass due to Parkinson's.[45][46] In response to the delay in arranging a straw and a sipper for Swamy,[47] social media users protested by ordering straws and sippers online, getting them delivered to the NIA's Mumbai office and at the Taloja jail.[48][49]
In July 2021, an explosive and definitive report, by Arsenal Consulting, a renowned Massachusetts-based digital forensics firm, showed that a malware had been planted on the devices of two of Swamy's co-accused in the 2018 Bhima Koregaon. The malware was used to deposited dozens of files in hidden folders on the devices—files later cited the documents as incriminating evidence linking the activists to a banned Maoist militant group that aims to overthrow the government.[50] A malware-ridden email was also sent to Swamy, strongly suggesting such fake evidence was planted on his computer as well.
Illness and death
Swamy suffered from Parkinson's disease and other age-related illnesses.[9] He fell multiple times while in prison.[46] He suffered from hearing loss in both ears and had undergone surgeries.[18] Due to his Parkinson's, he had trouble holding a glass, and requested to be provided with a sipper and a straw while imprisoned.[45]
On 18 May 2021, in a note submitted to the Bombay High Court,[51] it was reported that Swamy was gravely ill in prison.[52] The Court ordered the formation of an expert committee to examine Swamy.[53][54] While appearing before the Court over video conferencing on 21 May 2021, Swamy refused to be admitted to either JJ hospital or any other hospital and requested only interim bail so that he could go to his home in Ranchi, citing his rapidly deteriorating health.[55] On 28 May 2021, the Bombay High Court directed the Maharashtra government to admit Swamy to a private hospital for 15 days, considering his rapidly deteriorating health. He was admitted to the Holy Family Hospital, Mumbai.[56] Swamy then tested positive for COVID-19.[57]
On 4 July 2021, Swamy was put on ventilator support, as his health deteriorated.[58] He died on 5 July 2021, ahead of his bail hearing in Bombay High Court.[59][60][61]
In November 2021, Jamshedpur Jesuit Province (JJP), has petitioned the Bombay High Court, as his next-of-kin, to clear Swamy's name from the case. His counsel while appealing the Bombay High Court, to set aside NIA observation against him, had submitted, "It is strongly believed by those closest to him that his death was caused (in view of his age and past health conditions) due to his arrest and prison conditions including inadequate health facilities and health care". HC asked the petition to be resubmitted.[62]
Swamy's death was described as an "execution by trial,” by Ajai Sahni, executive director of the Institute for Conflict Management and an expert on militant groups in South Asia.
Awards
In January 2021, Swamy was awarded the Mukundan C. Menon award 2020 for human rights.[63]
In June 2022,The Martin Ennals Foundation, Geneva posthumously conferred the Human Rights Defenders award 2022 to Stan Swamy.[64]
References
- ^ "Father Stan Swamy (1937-2021)". The Hindu. 6 July 2021. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 6 July 2022.
- ^ a b "Petition for Fr Stanislaus Lourdusamy". Jesuits in Britain. Retrieved 11 October 2020.
- ^ "NIA court to pass order on Stan Swamy bail on March 22". The Hindu. 16 March 2021 – via www.thehindu.com.
- ^ Regi, Anjali (9 October 2020). "Fr. Stan Swamy arrested: Widespread protest". Catholic Focus. Retrieved 11 October 2020.
- ^ Biswas, Soutik (13 October 2020). "Stan Swamy: The oldest person to be accused of terrorism in India". BBC. Retrieved 13 October 2020.
- ^ Kaur, Kamaljit. "This is what NIA's Bhima Koregaon chargesheet says about Stan Swamy". India Today. Retrieved 13 October 2020.
- ^ a b c "Held by NIA over 'Maoist links', 83-yr-old priest worked for tribals, took on govt policies, and 'even the Church'". The Indian Express. 11 October 2020. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
- ^ a b PM, Tony; Martin, Peter. "Adivasi rights activist Stan Swamy's life and work demonstrate why the powerful want him silenced". Scroll. Retrieved 22 October 2020.
- ^ a b Thekaekara, Mari Marcel. "The Indomitable Spirit of Father Stan Swamy". The Wire. Retrieved 11 October 2020.
- ^ "The life and death of Father Stan Swamy". Hindustan Times. 12 July 2021. Retrieved 7 November 2022.
- ^ Martin, Tony PM & Peter. "Adivasi rights activist Stan Swamy's life and work demonstrate why the powerful want him silenced". Scroll.in. Retrieved 7 November 2022.
- ^ "Under the Mango tree - NRI Affairs". 12 July 2021. Retrieved 7 November 2022.
- ^ Jyoti Bahen Urumpil, The India Forum. "Remembering Stan Swamy, the revolutionary who challenged everything – including the Church". Scroll.in. Retrieved 7 November 2022.
- ^ "Directors, Indian Social Institute". Indian Social Institute. Retrieved 11 October 2020.
- ^ "The life and death of Father Stan Swamy". Hindustan Times. 12 July 2021. Retrieved 7 November 2022.
- ^ "Explained: Who is Stan Swamy, the latest to be arrested in the Elgar Parishad-Bhima Koregaon case?". The Indian Express. 10 October 2020. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
- ^ a b "Elgar Parishad case: 'Humanity is bubbling in Taloja prison'". Mumbai Mirror. 15 November 2020. Retrieved 15 November 2020.
- ^ a b Borges, Jane (31 October 2020). "'He's a torchbearer of the Constitution' say father Stan Swamy's peers". Mid-Day. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
- ^ Shantha, Sukanya. "NIA Arrests 83-Year-Old Tribal Rights Activist Stan Swamy in Elgar Parishad Case". The Wire. Retrieved 11 October 2020.
- ^ "Maharashtra CM Uddhav Thackeray set to withdraw Bhima-Koregaon cases against activists". Retrieved 29 August 2020.
- ^ "NIA took over the case from State government". Retrieved 29 August 2020.
- ^ "Fr Stan Swamy, priest arrested in Ranchi: 'False and fabricated' charges against me". Asia News. 9 June 2018. Retrieved 11 October 2020.
- ^ a b "In Solidarity with Fr. Stan Swamy, a 83 year old Jesuit arrested in India". Jesuits Global. Jesuits. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
- ^ Murphy, Gavin T. (26 January 2021). "Fr Stan Swamy SJ – 'A caged bird can still sing'".
- ^ "Father Stan Swamy pens letter on plight of other undertrials". www.telegraphindia.com.
- ^ Barik, Satyasundar (10 October 2020). "'Stan Swamy's arrest a violation of human rights', say civil rights activists". The Hindu. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
- ^ ENS (11 October 2020). "Various Kerala church sects demand Father Stan Swamy's release". New Indian Express. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
- ^ "Asian bishops' solidarity with jailed Indian Jesuit". Vatican News. 26 October 2020. Retrieved 29 November 2020.
- ^ "Jesuits Demand Immediate Release of Fr. Stan Swamy, SJ". jesuits.org. The Jesuits. Retrieved 23 October 2020.
- ^ "Catholic union calls for Father Stan Swamy's release". Deccan Herald. 10 October 2020. Retrieved 11 October 2020.
- ^ "PUCL Condemns the Detention and Arrest of Fr. Stan Swamy in Bhima Koregaon Case". Counter Currents. People's Union For Civil Liberties. 8 October 2020.
- ^ "CBCI seeks release of Stan Swamy". The Indian Express. 11 October 2020. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
- ^ and Debmalya, Rajendran Narayanan (3 September 2018). "Father Stan Swamy, Children and the Unholy State". The Wire. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
- ^ Raj S.J., Fr. J. Felix (12 October 2020). "Stan Swamy's arrest 'politically motivated'". Telegraph India. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
- ^ Mazumdar, Jhinuk (18 October 2020). "Other brothers behind Stan Swamy". Telegraph India.
- ^ Dasgupta, Sravasti (21 October 2020). "MPs Tharoor, Sule, Kanizmozhi join 8 others to seek UAPA repeal, release of Stan Swamy". The Print. Retrieved 21 October 2020.
- ^ ""Time To Break The Silence": Opposition Leaders Condemn Stan Swamy's Arrest". Press Trust of India. 21 October 2020. Retrieved 21 October 2020.
- ^ ENS (10 October 2020). "Jharkhand CM, Congress back Stan Swamy, question his arrest". New Indian Express. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
- ^ "'Father Stan Swamy should get justice': Kerala CM Pinarayi Vijayan on activist's arrest". The News Minute. 12 October 2020. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
- ^ "Tribal Rights Activist Fr Stan Swamy's Arrest Unfortunate:CM". News18. 12 October 2020. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
- ^ "Tribal Rights Activist Stan Swamy's Arrest Unfortunate: Pinarayi Vijayan". NDTV. 12 October 2020. Retrieved 13 October 2020.
- ^ "Court rejects bail plea of Stan Swamy". The Hindu. 23 October 2020. Retrieved 24 October 2020.
- ^ Joshi, Neha (27 November 2020). "[Bhima Koregaon] Not likely to jump bail, arrest malafide: Father Stan Swamy moves Special NIA Court for bail". Bar And Bench. Retrieved 27 November 2020.
- ^ Hakim, Sharmeen. "BREAKING : NIA Court Refuses Bail To Stan Swamy In Bhima Koregaon Case". Livelaw. Retrieved 22 March 2021.
- ^ a b Saigal, Sonam (6 November 2020). "Stan Swamy files plea to allow use of straw, sipper in Taloja jail". The Hindu. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
- ^ a b Roy, Divyanshu Dutta (26 November 2020). "Not Till December. Stan Swamy's Wait For A Straw And Sipper Extended". NDTV. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
- ^ "NIA says it didn't seize Stan Swamy's straw and sipper". The Hindu. 29 November 2020. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 5 July 2021.
- ^ "Why people are posting orders of straws and sippers for arrested tribal activist Stan Swamy". The Indian Express. 28 November 2020. Retrieved 5 July 2021.
- ^ Ganapatye, Shruti (29 November 2020). "Stan Swamy gets a sipper, finally". Mumbai Mirror. Retrieved 29 November 2020.
- ^ "Evidence found on a second Indian activist's computer was planted, report says". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 7 November 2022.
- ^ Hakim, Sharmeen (19 May 2021). "'Ayurvedic Doctor At Prison Prescribed Allopathic Antipsychotic Drug' :Stan Swamy Tells Bombay High Court". www.livelaw.in.
- ^ "'Shift jailed Stan Swamy to hospital': Jharkhand rights group to Maharashtra govt". The New Indian Express.
- ^ "Elgaar Parishad case: Bombay HC directs Stan Swamy's health check-up at J J Hospital". 19 May 2021.
- ^ Saigal, Sonam (19 May 2021). "Send Stan Swamy to hospital for check-up on Thursday: Bombay High Court". The Hindu – via www.thehindu.com.
- ^ Hakim, Sharmeen (21 May 2021). "'I Would Rather Suffer, Possibly Die Very Shortly If This Were To Go On' : Stan Swamy Pleads For Interim Bail In Bombay HC". www.livelaw.in.
- ^ "Bombay HC directs prison authorities to shift SwamySwamy to Holy Family Hospital". 29 May 2021.
- ^ Saigal, Sonam (30 May 2021). "Fr. Stan Swamy tests positive for COVID-19". The Hindu – via www.thehindu.com.
- ^ "Elgaar Parishad case: Stan Swamy put on ventilator support as health deteriorates". 4 July 2021.
- ^ "Fr. Stan Swamy passes away". The Hindu. Special Correspondent. 5 July 2021. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 5 July 2021.
{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: others (link) - ^ "Elgar Parishad Case: Activist Stan Swamy, 84, Passes Away Ahead of Hearing on Bail Plea". News18. 5 July 2021. Retrieved 5 July 2021.
- ^ "Tribal activist Stan Swamy dies at 84". Scroll.in. 5 July 2021. Retrieved 5 July 2021.
- ^ "Bombay HC Asks Jesuit Group to File New Plea if They Want Stan Swamy's Name Cleared". The Wire. 25 November 2021.
- ^ "Award for Fr. Stan Swamy". The Hindu. 25 January 2021 – via www.thehindu.com.
- ^ "Geneva-based rights organisation confers posthumous award to Father Stan Swamy". The New Indian Express. 3 June 2022 – via www.newindianexpress.com.
External links
- Why an 84-year-old Indian Jesuit—Fr. Stan Swamy—is in prison
- Bhima Koregaon Violence: NIA Arrests Stan Swamy | Breaking News 09-Oct-2020
- Testimony of Stan Swamy two days before his arrest on 8 October 2020 (in English) 08-Oct-2020
- Deprived of rights over natural resources, impoverished Adivasis get prison: A study of Undertrials in Jharkhand