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'''Yuri (Georgiy) Orestovich Gabel''' ({{lang-uk|Юрій (Георгій) Орестович Габель}}; {{birth date|1891|12|11|df=y}}, [[Kharkiv]], [[Russian Empire]] — [[23 March]] [[1949]], Kharkiv, [[USSR]]) was a Soviet Ukrainian [[scientist]], [[chemist]], Doctor of Chemical Sciences (1940), and Professor (1934). He was the Dean of the Faculty of Chemistry at [[Kharkiv National University|Kharkiv State University]] from 1931 to 1935 and the Director of the Institute of Chemistry at Kharkiv State University from 1945 to 1949. He authored the first textbook on [[heterocyclic compounds]]. He was the founder and head of the first and only Department of Heterocyclic Compounds in the USSR. He also headed the Department of Organic Chemistry at [[Kharkiv Medical Institute]]. |
'''Yuri (Georgiy) Orestovich Gabel''' ({{lang-uk|Юрій (Георгій) Орестович Габель}}; {{birth date|1891|12|11|df=y}}, [[Kharkiv]], [[Russian Empire]] — [[23 March]] [[1949]], Kharkiv, [[USSR]]) was a Soviet Ukrainian [[scientist]], [[chemist]], Doctor of Chemical Sciences (1940), and Professor (1934). He was the Dean of the Faculty of Chemistry at [[Kharkiv National University|Kharkiv State University]] from 1931 to 1935 and the Director of the Institute of Chemistry at Kharkiv State University from 1945 to 1949. He authored the first textbook on [[heterocyclic compounds]]. He was the founder and head of the first and only Department of Heterocyclic Compounds in the USSR. He also headed the Department of Organic Chemistry at [[Kharkiv Medical Institute]]. |
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== Biography == |
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[[File:Орест Габель з дітьми Маргаритою та Юрієм.png|thumb|Gymnasium student Yuri Gabel with his father Orest and sister [[Margarita Orestovna Gabel|Margarita]]. 1909]] |
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[[File:Yuri Orestovich Gabel in student uniform.jpg|thumb|Yuri Gabel as a student of Kharkiv University]] |
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[[File:Yuri Gabel from Vrachebnoe Delo.png|thumb|Yuri Gabel, photo from the obituary in the journal "Vrachebnoe Delo"]] |
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Yuri Gabel was born on {{birth date|1891|12|11|df=y}} in Kharkiv. His parents were revolutionary [[Narodnik]]s Orest-Octavian Martynovich Gabel and [[Augustina Stanislavovna Gabel|Augustina Stanislavovna Sinkevich]], who, after serving their exile in the [[Irkutsk Governorate]], moved to [[Kharkiv]], where Orest Gabel soon joined the board of the [[Kharkiv State Scientific Library|Kharkiv Public Library]]. Yuri had five sisters: Lyudmila, Elena, [[Valeria Orestovna Hasselbrink|Valeria]], Maria, and [[Margarita Orestovna Gabel|Margarita]]. The youngest, Margarita, later became a well-known [[literary critic]] and researcher of the works of [[Ivan Turgenev]]{{Sfn|Telegina|2020}}. |
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In 1910, Yuri graduated with a gold medal from the Third Kharkiv Gymnasium. Another gold medalist from the gymnasium that year was [[Valery Mezhlauk]]{{Sfn|Utro|1910|p=4}}. Yuri Gabel continued his studies in the Chemistry Department of the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics at [[Imperial Kharkiv University]], graduating in 1914 with a first-class degree. He began working in the chemical laboratory of the [[Southern Railways]]. In 1915, he defended his thesis on "The Effect of Light on the Electrical Conductivity of Iodine Mercury in Acetone" and was awarded the degree of [[Master of Science]]{{Sfn|Department of Chemistry Through the Eyes of Contemporaries|2020|p=62}}. In the fall of the same year, he was retained for two years without a scholarship in the Department of Organic Chemistry at the university to prepare for a professorship{{Sfn|Yuzhny Krai|1915|p=6}}{{Sfn|Obituary|1951|p=5}}. At the same time, he was involved in public activities and in 1918 was elected as a candidate for the board of the [[Kharkiv State Scientific Library|Kharkiv Public Library]]{{Sfn|Telegina|2020}}. |
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He served as a lecture assistant to Professor [[Konstantin Adamovich Krasusky]]{{Sfn|Obituary|1951|p=5}}. From 1923, he worked at the Institute of Applied Chemistry, where, at the suggestion of the institute's director {{ill|Ivan Adamovich Krasusky|uk|Красуський Іван Адамович}}, he researched the dry distillation of tobacco alongside G. I. Kiprianov{{Sfn|Gabel|1930|p=45}}. Independently, but concurrently with [[Alexander Alexandrovich Shmuk]], they established the correlation between the quality of tobacco and the alkalinity of tobacco smoke{{Sfn|Popova|1960|p=36}}. Eventually, Yuri Gabel headed the tobacco research laboratory. His scientific work at the institute focused on the chemical composition of tobacco. This research resulted in several scientific articles and the pamphlet "Chemistry of Tobacco" (1931, originally titled "Хемія тютюну"){{Sfn|Obituary|1951|p=7}}{{Sfn|Krasovitsky|1999|p=210}}. He taught at Kharkiv's [[Kharkiv State Zooveterinary Academy|veterinary]], agricultural, and [[National University of Pharmacy|pharmaceutical]] institutes, as well as at the coke-chemical and pharmaceutical technical schools, the [[Workers' Faculty]], and the industrial academy{{Sfn|Chernykh|2015|p=167}}{{Sfn|Department of Chemistry Through the Eyes of Contemporaries|2020|p=62}}. In 1925, he held the position of editorial secretary for the newly established {{ill|Ukrainian Chemical Journal|uk|Український хімічний журнал}}{{Sfn|Obituary|1951|p=7}}. |
Revision as of 20:27, 19 May 2024
Ukrainian: Юрій Орестович Габель | |
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Alma mater | Imperial Kharkiv University |
Scientific career | |
Fields | Organic chemistry |
Institutions | Kharkiv State University Kharkiv Medical Institute |
Doctoral advisor | Krasusky, Konstantin Adamovich |
Yuri (Georgiy) Orestovich Gabel (Ukrainian: Юрій (Георгій) Орестович Габель; 11 December 1891, Kharkiv, Russian Empire — 23 March 1949, Kharkiv, USSR) was a Soviet Ukrainian scientist, chemist, Doctor of Chemical Sciences (1940), and Professor (1934). He was the Dean of the Faculty of Chemistry at Kharkiv State University from 1931 to 1935 and the Director of the Institute of Chemistry at Kharkiv State University from 1945 to 1949. He authored the first textbook on heterocyclic compounds. He was the founder and head of the first and only Department of Heterocyclic Compounds in the USSR. He also headed the Department of Organic Chemistry at Kharkiv Medical Institute.
Biography
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%B7_%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8E_%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%AE%D1%80%D1%96%D1%94%D0%BC.png/220px-%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%B7_%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8E_%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%AE%D1%80%D1%96%D1%94%D0%BC.png)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Yuri_Orestovich_Gabel_in_student_uniform.jpg/220px-Yuri_Orestovich_Gabel_in_student_uniform.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Yuri_Gabel_from_Vrachebnoe_Delo.png/220px-Yuri_Gabel_from_Vrachebnoe_Delo.png)
Yuri Gabel was born on Narodniks Orest-Octavian Martynovich Gabel and Augustina Stanislavovna Sinkevich, who, after serving their exile in the Irkutsk Governorate, moved to Kharkiv, where Orest Gabel soon joined the board of the Kharkiv Public Library. Yuri had five sisters: Lyudmila, Elena, Valeria, Maria, and Margarita. The youngest, Margarita, later became a well-known literary critic and researcher of the works of Ivan Turgenev[1].
11 December 1891 in Kharkiv. His parents were revolutionaryIn 1910, Yuri graduated with a gold medal from the Third Kharkiv Gymnasium. Another gold medalist from the gymnasium that year was Valery Mezhlauk[2]. Yuri Gabel continued his studies in the Chemistry Department of the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics at Imperial Kharkiv University, graduating in 1914 with a first-class degree. He began working in the chemical laboratory of the Southern Railways. In 1915, he defended his thesis on "The Effect of Light on the Electrical Conductivity of Iodine Mercury in Acetone" and was awarded the degree of Master of Science[3]. In the fall of the same year, he was retained for two years without a scholarship in the Department of Organic Chemistry at the university to prepare for a professorship[4][5]. At the same time, he was involved in public activities and in 1918 was elected as a candidate for the board of the Kharkiv Public Library[1].
He served as a lecture assistant to Professor Konstantin Adamovich Krasusky[5]. From 1923, he worked at the Institute of Applied Chemistry, where, at the suggestion of the institute's director Ivan Adamovich Krasusky , he researched the dry distillation of tobacco alongside G. I. Kiprianov[6]. Independently, but concurrently with Alexander Alexandrovich Shmuk, they established the correlation between the quality of tobacco and the alkalinity of tobacco smoke[7]. Eventually, Yuri Gabel headed the tobacco research laboratory. His scientific work at the institute focused on the chemical composition of tobacco. This research resulted in several scientific articles and the pamphlet "Chemistry of Tobacco" (1931, originally titled "Хемія тютюну")[8][9]. He taught at Kharkiv's veterinary, agricultural, and pharmaceutical institutes, as well as at the coke-chemical and pharmaceutical technical schools, the Workers' Faculty, and the industrial academy[10][3]. In 1925, he held the position of editorial secretary for the newly established Ukrainian Chemical Journal[8].
- ^ a b Telegina 2020.
- ^ Utro 1910, p. 4.
- ^ a b Department of Chemistry Through the Eyes of Contemporaries 2020, p. 62.
- ^ Yuzhny Krai 1915, p. 6.
- ^ a b Obituary 1951, p. 5.
- ^ Gabel 1930, p. 45.
- ^ Popova 1960, p. 36.
- ^ a b Obituary 1951, p. 7.
- ^ Krasovitsky 1999, p. 210.
- ^ Chernykh 2015, p. 167.