Comment: This list contains many factual errors, WP:NPOV violations, unreliable sources (e.g. Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Battle of Manakpur) — DaxServer (t · m · e · c) 09:53, 26 July 2023 (UTC)
Overview
This is a list of all Sikh Battles against Mughals, Hill States, Afghans, British, and India. The 5th Sikh Guru, Guru Arjan Dev, was tortured and executed on the orders of Jahangir in 1606. Guru Hargobind Sahib, the sixth Sikh guru, introduced militarization to Sikhi after the execution of his father. In response to his father's execution, he fought several battles against the Mughal army and defeated them. Later, the 9th Sikh guru, Guru Tegh Bahadur, was also executed, on the orders of Aurangzeb in 1675 after he refused to convert to Islam. Guru Gobind Singh, the last human Sikh Guru, started the Khalsa tradition in 1699 and fought further battles against the Mughals and the Hill States. Before his passing in 1708, Guru Gobind Singh gave Guruship to Guru Granth Sahib and gave the leadership of the Khalsa Fauj to his recently converted Sikh and trusted General, Banda Singh Bahadur, who led further battles against the Mughals and Hill States and created the first Khalsa Rule in 1710 but was captured in late 1715 and executed in 1716 and with him, the first first Khalsa Rule fell in 1716 as well. Years after, the Sikhs reorganized themselves into Misls in the 1730's and 1740's where they fought battles against the Mughal and Durrani Empire and created the Sikh Confederacy and Dal Khalsa. In 1799, Maharaja Ranjit Singh established the Sikh Empire where they continued their battles against the Durrani Empire and Emirate Of Kabul and towards the end they fought 2 wars with the British in 1845-1846 and 1848-1849 which they ended up losing and their Empire being Annexed. In 1984 the Indian Army attacked Harmandir Sahib where Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale and his followers had their headquarters at, it resulted in the death of thousands of Sikhs, Bhindranwale and his followers, and the future death of Indira Gandhi which ignited the 1984 Sikh Massacre. These events caused the Punjab Insurgency where Sikh militant groups called Kharku's where trying to establish a independent Country known as Khalistan in Punjab but were defeated in the early 1990's. There have not been any major wars or battles since the 1990's.
Battles
Name Of Conflict
(Time) |
Belligerents | Opponents | Outcome |
---|---|---|---|
Battle of Rohilla (1621) | Akal Sena | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Sangrana (1628) | Akal Sena | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory[2][3] |
Battle of Amritsar (1634) | Akal Sena | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Lahira (1634) | Akal SenaKangra State | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Kartarpur(1635) | Akal Sena | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory[4] |
Battle of Phagwara (1635) | Akal Sena | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory[5] |
Battle of Nangal Gujjran (1635) | Akal Sena | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory[6] |
Battle of Kiratpur
(1638) |
Akal Sena | Mughal EmpirePathansGujarsRanghars[7] | Sikh Victory[8] |
Battle of Sutlej(1652) | Akal Sena | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory[9] |
Invasions of Kiratpur (1658) | Akal Sena | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory[10][11] |
Skirmish of Dhubri (1669) | Akal Sena | Assamese Forces | Sikh Victory[12]
|
Battle of Anandpur (1682) | Akal Sena | Bilaspur State | Sikh Victory[13][14] |
Battle of Anandpur (1685) | Akal Sena | Bilaspur StateKangra StateGuler State | Sikh Victory[15][16][17] |
Battle of Bhangani(1686) | Akal Sena | Alliance of 16 of the Rajas of the Sivalik Hills | Sikh Victory[18][19] |
Battle of Nadaun(1691) | Akal Sena Bilaspur State | Mughal EmpireKangra StateBijarwal State | Combined Victory of Sikhs and Chandel of Kahlur[20][21] |
Battle of Anandpur (1695) | Akal Sena | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Guler(1696) | Akal Sena | Mughal EmpireRajas of the Sivalik Hills | Sikh Victory[22] |
Battle of Anandpur (1699) | Khalsa | Alliance of the Rajas of Sivalik Hills | Sikh Victory[23][24]
|
Battle of Anandpur (1700) | Khalsa | Mughal Empire, Sivalik Hills Rajas | Sikh Victory[26][27] |
Siege of Anandpur (1700) | Khalsa | Alliance of the Rajas of the Sivalik Hills | Sikh Victory[32] |
Battle of Taragarh (1700) | Khalsa | Alliance of the Rajas of Sivalik Hills | Sikh Victory[33] |
Battle of Bajrur (1701) | Khalsa | Ranghar and Gujars of Bajrur | Sikh Victory[34][35]
|
Battle of Nirmohgarh (1702) | Khalsa | Mughal Empire and Alliance of the Rajas of Sivalik Hills | Sikh Victory[37][38] |
Battle of Basoli(1702) | Khalsa | Mughal EmpireKahlur StateGuler StateJammu state
Bahu State |
Sikh Victory[39][40] |
First Battle of Chamkaur(1702) | Khalsa | Mughal Empire and Alliance of the Rajas of Sivalik Hills | Sikh Victory.[41][42]
|
Battle of Anandpur (1703) | Khalsa | Alliance of the Rajas of Sivalik Hills | Sikh Victory[45] |
Siege of Bassi Kalan(1703) | Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory |
First Battle of Anandpur(1704) | Khalsa | Mughal Empire and Alliance of the Rajas of Sivalik Hills | Sikh Victory[46][47] |
Second Siege of Anandpur | Khalsa | Mughal Empire and Alliance of the Rajas of Sivalik Hills | Combined Victory of Mughals and Hill Rajas[50][51] |
Battle of Sarsa(1704) | Khalsa | Mughal Empire and Alliance of the Rajas of Sivalik Hills | Combined Victory of Mughals and Hill Rajas[53][52] |
Battle of Shahi Tibbi(1704) | Khalsa | Mughal Empire and Alliance of the Rajas of Sivalik Hills | Inconclusive[55][56] |
Battle of Chamkaur(1704) | Khalsa | Mughal Empire and Alliance of the Rajas of Sivalik Hills | Mughal Victory[61][62] |
Third Battle of Anandpur(1704) | Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Mughal Victory[71][72][73] |
Battle of Muktsar(1705) | Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory[77][78] |
Battle of Baghaur(1707) | Khalsa | Baghaur Residents and Soldiers | Sikh Victory[81][82] |
Battle of Jajau(1707) | Bahadur Shah IKhalsa | Muhammad Azam | Bahadur Shah Victory[83]
|
Battle of Chittorgarh (1708) | Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Mughal Victory
|
Battle of Amritsar(1709) | Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory[86][87] |
Battle of Sonepat(1709) | Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory[88][89] |
Battle of Kaithal
(1709) |
Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory[92][93] |
Battle of Samana(1709) | Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory[94][95] |
Battle of Ghuram (1709) | Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory[100][101] |
Battle of Sanaur (1709) | Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory[100][101] |
Battle of Thaska (1709) | Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory[100][101] |
Battle of Shahabad (1709) | Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory[100][101] |
Battle of Mustafabad (1709) | Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory[100][101] |
Battle of Dhamala (1709) | Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory[102] |
Battle of Ambala (1709) | Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory[103] |
Battle of Kunjpura (1709) | Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory[104] |
Battle of Thanesar (1709) | Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory[105] |
Battle of Kapuri
(1709) |
Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory[106][107] |
Battle of Karnal (1709) | Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory[108] |
Battle of Panipat
(1709) |
Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory[109] |
Battle of Sadhaura(1710) | Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory[110][111][112][113][114][115] |
Battle Of Ropar (1710) | Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Chappar Chiri | Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory[128][129][130] |
Siege of Sirhind | Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory[133] |
Battle of Banur
(1710) |
Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory[134] |
Battle of Chhat
(1710) |
Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory[134] |
Battle of Buria (1710) | Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory[135] |
Battle of Saharanpur (1710) | Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory[136]
|
Battle of Behat (1710) | Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory[138]
|
Battle of Ambheta (1710) | Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory[138]
|
Battle of Nanautu | Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory
|
Battle of Jalalabad (1710) | Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Inconclusive[139][140][141][142][143] |
Battle of Muzaffarnagar
(1710) |
Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory
|
Battle of Bharath (1710) | Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Mughal Victory |
Siege of Kotla Begum (1710) | Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Bhilowal (1710) | Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Rahon (1710) | Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory
|
Battle of Kalanaur (1710) | Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Batala (1710) | Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Pathankot (1710) | Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Thanesar (1710) | Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Mughal Victory
|
Siege of Lohgarh(1710) | Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Mughal Victory
|
Banda Singh Bahadur's invasion of the Hill States (1711) | Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory
|
Battle of Bilaspur (1711) | Khalsa | Bilaspur State | Sikh Victory
|
Battle of Kullu
(1711) |
Khalsa | Kullu State | Sikh Victory
|
Battle of Bahrampar (1711) | Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory
|
Battle of Hoshiarpur (1711) | Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Mughal Victory |
Battle of Kalanaur (1711) | Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Batala (1711) | Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Aurangabad (1711) | Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Pasrur (1711) | Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Jammu(1712) | Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Mughal Victory
|
Battle of Sadhaura
(1712) |
Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory
|
Battle of Lohgarh(1712) | Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory
|
Siege of Sadhaura (1713) | Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Mughal Victory
|
Battle of Lohgarh (1713) | Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Mughal Victory
|
Battle of Kiri Pathan (1714) | Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory
|
Battle of Ropar (1714) | Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Mughal Victory
|
Battle of Kalanaur
(1715) |
Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory
|
Battle of Batala
(1715) |
Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory
|
Siege of Gurdaspur(1715) | Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Mughal Victory
|
Massacre of The Sikhs
(1716) |
Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Mughal Victory
|
Battle of Wan(1726) | Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Mughal Victory
|
Battle of Thikriwala (1731) | Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory |
Guerilla Warfare against the Mughals
(1716-1733) |
Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory
|
Battle of Sunam (1735) | Phulkian Misl and Buddha Dal | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Sirhind (1735) | Dal Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory
|
Battle of Basarke (1736) | Dal Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Amritsar (1738) | Dal Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory |
Samad Khan's Expedition against the Sikhs (1738) | Dal Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory |
Skirmish of Chenab (1739) | Dal Khalsa | Afsharid Iran | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Sarai Nurdin(1739) | Dal Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Mughal Victory
|
Attack on Massa Ranghar (1740) | Mehtab Singh and Sukha Singh | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory
|
Battle of Rorī Sahib (1746) | Dal Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory
|
Chhota Ghallughara (1746) | Dal Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Mughal Victory
|
Battle of Kasur (1747) | Dal Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Mughal Victory |
Battle of Kalanaur (1748) | Dal Khalsa | Duranni Empire | Sikh Victory
|
Battle of Manupur (1748) | Dal Khalsa, Mughal Empire, Jaipur State | Durrani Empire | Mughal, Jaipur State and Sikh Victory
|
Battle of Sodhra and Badra (1748) | Dal Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory
|
Battle of Khanpur (1748) | Dal Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory |
Siege of Amritsar (1748) | Dal Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory
|
Gurellia Warfare against the Mughals
(1735-1748) |
Dal Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory
|
Siege of Ram Rauni(1748-1749) | Dal Khalsa | Mughal Empire and Alliance of the Rajas of Sivalik Hills | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Multan | Kaura Mal/Mughal Empire | Shah Nawaz Khan/Mughal Empire | Kaura Mal/Sikh Victory |
Battle of Jalandhar (1750) | Dallewalia Misl | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory |
Skrimish Of Ravi (1751) | Sukha Singh and Nihangs | Durrani Empire | Afghan Victory
|
Battle of Nadaun (1752) | Dal Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Anandpur (1753) | Dal Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory |
Siege Of Malikpur (1753) | Dal Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory |
Battle Of Jalandhar (1753) | Dal Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory |
Battle Of Kasaipura (1753) | Dal Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory |
Battle Of Khwaspur (1753) | Dal Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Fatahbad (1753) | Dal Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Lahore (1753) | Dal Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory
|
Battle of Patti(1754) | Dal Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory |
Battle Of Ambala (1754) | Dal Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory |
Sack Of Sirhind (1754) | Dal Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Kadar (1755) | Dal Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Jalandhar (1756) | Dal Khalsa | Durrani Empire | Sikh Victory/Adina Beg Victory |
Battle of Amritsar | Shaheedan Misl | Durrani Empire | Disputed
|
Battle of Mahilpur (1757) | Dal Khalsa | Durrani Empire | Sikh and Adina Beg Victory |
Battle of Jalandhar (1757) | Dal Khalsa | Durrani Empire | Sikh and Adina Beg Victory |
Battle of Sirhind
(1758) |
Martha EmpireDal Khalsa | Durrani Empire | Martha and Sikh Victory
|
Battle of Lahore (1758) | Martha EmpireDal Khalsa | Durrani Empire | Sikh and Martha Victory |
First Battle of Lahore
(1759) |
Martha EmpireDal Khalsa | Durrani Empire | Martha and Sikh Victory
|
Second Battle of Lahore (1759) | Dal Khalsa | Durrani Empire | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Lahore (1760) | Dal Khalsa | Durrani Empire | Sikh Victory
|
Battle of Sialkot | Sukerchakia Misl | Durrani Empire | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Gujranwala (1761) | Dal Khalsa | Durrani Empire | Sikh Victory |
Siege of Lahore | Dal Khalsa | Durrani Empire | Sikh Victory
|
Siege of Jandiala (1762) | Dal Khalsa | Durrani Empire | Inconclusive
|
Battle of Kup(1762) | Dal Khalsa | Durrani Empire | Afghan Victory
|
Battle of Amritsar (1762) | Dal Khalsa | Durrani Empire | Afghan Victory
|
Battle of Harnaulgarh (1762) | Dal Khalsa | Durrani Empire | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Pipli Sahib | Dal Khalsa | Durrani Empire | Sikh Victory |
Battle of The Ravi Ford (1762) | Dal Khalsa | Durrani Empire | Afghan Victory |
Battle of Sialkot(1763) | Sukerchakia Misl | Durrani Empire | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Kasur (1763) | Dal Khalsa | Durrani Empire | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Urmar Tanda | Dal Khalsa | Durrani Empire | Sikh Victory |
Siege of Gujranwala (1763) | Sukerchakia Misl | Durrani Empire | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Malerkotla (1763) | Dal Khalsa | Durrani Empire | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Morinda (1763) | Dal Khalsa | Durrani Empire | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Chamkaur (1764) | Dal Khalsa | Durrani Empire | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Chenab
(1764) |
Dal Khalsa | Durrani Empire | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Sirhind | Dal Khalsa | Mughal Empire and Durrani Empire | Sikh Victory
|
Battle of Rohtas | Dal Khalsa | Durrani Empire | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Qarawal(1764) | Sukerchakia Misl | Durrani Empire | Afghan Victory |
Battle of Lahore (1764) | Sukerchakia Misl | Durrani Empire | Inconclusive |
Battle of Darbar Sahib(1764) | Shaheedan Misl | Durrani Empire | Afghan Victory |
Battle of Jandiala (1764) | Sukerchakia Misl | Durrani Empire | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Batala (1764) | Sukerchakia Misl | Durrani Empire | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Delhi | Dal Khalsa and Bharatpur State | Mughal Empire | Sikh and Bharatpur State Victory |
Battle of the Jullunder Doab (1765) | Dal Khalsa | Durrani Empire | Afghan Victory |
Battle on the Sutlej | Dal Khalsa | Durrani Empire | Indecisive |
Battle on the Beas | Dal Khalsa | Durrani Empire | Inconclusive |
Battle of Lahore
(1765) |
Dal Khalsa | Durrani Empire | Sikh Victory
|
Battle of Gujrat (1765) | Dal Khalsa | Durrani Empire | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Putlighar (1766) | Dal Khalsa | Durrani Empire | Sikh Victory
|
Battle of Panipat
(1766) |
Dal Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Sonipat
(1766) |
Dal Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Amritsar (1767) | Dal Khalsa | Durrani Empire | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Lahore (1767) | Bhangni Misl | Durrani Empire | Sikh Victory
|
Battle of Jullundur Doab
(1767) |
Dal Khalsa | Durrani Empire | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Rohtas | Dal Khalsa | Durrani Empire | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Karnal
(1767) |
Dal Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Ghazi-U-Din-Nagar (1768) | Dal Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Anupshahar (1768) | Dal Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Upper Doab (1769) | Dal Khalsa | Durrani Empire | Sikh Victory
|
Raid of Panipat (1770) | Dal Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory |
Battle Of Talwara (1770) | Dal Khalsa | Kangra State | Sikh Victory |
Attack on Delhi (1770) | Dal Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Raikot (1771) | Dal Khalsa | Rajputs | Sikh Victory |
Siege of Kunjpura (1772) | Dal Khalsa | Mughal Empire, Durrani Empire and Martha Empire | Sikh Victory
|
Siege of Multan | Bhangni Misl | Durrani Empire | Sikh Victory
|
Battle of Nanautu (1773) | Dal Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Shahdara (1774) | Dal Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory |
Siege of Kangra
(1774) |
Kanhaiya Misl and Kangra | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory |
Attack on Delhi (1774) | Dal Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory
|
Battle of Paharganj (1775) | Dal Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Jaisinghpur (1775) | Dal Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory |
Attack on Delhi
(1776) |
Dal Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory |
Siege of Jind (1776) | Jind, Patiala State, Nahba State,Bhais of Kaithal | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Ghanaur (1778) | Dal Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory |
Attack on Delhi To Rakabganj | Dal Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory |
Siege of Patiala (1779) | Dal KhalsaPatiala | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Rohtas | Bhangni Misl | Durrani Empire | Afghan Victory |
Siege of Multan | Bhangni Misl | Durrani Empire | Afghan Victory
|
Battle of Shujabad (1780) | Dal Khalsa | Durrani Empire | Afghan Victory |
Shafi's Campaign against the Sikhs
(1780-1781) |
Dal Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Baghpat (1781) | Dal Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Khekra (1781) | Dal Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Sardana (1781) | Dal Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Mawana (1781) | Dal Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Muradnagar (1781) | Dal Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Patparganj (1781) | Dal Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Shahdara (1781) | Dal Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Sheikhpura (1781) | Dal Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Barnawa (1781) | Dal Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Sirhind (1781) | Dal Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory |
Sikh raids on Delhi to Hardwar
(1782) |
Dal Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Delhi (1783) | Dal Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory
|
Battle of Batala (1784) | Sukerchakia Misl, Ramgarhia Misl and Kangra | Kanhaiya Misl | Kangra Coaltion Victory |
Raid of Delhi
(1784) |
Dal Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Golewlala (1785) | Singhpuria Misl and other Raja's | Patiala State | Singhpuria Misl Victory |
Raids from Panipat to Delhi (1786) | Dal KhalsaGujars | Mughal Empire | Sikh and Gujar Victory |
Battle of Rumal | Bhangni Misl | Dogra Dynasty | Sikh Victory |
Raids from Agra to Delhi (1787) | Dal Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Shahdara (1787) | Dal Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Attock | Dal Khalsa | Durrani Empire | Sikh Victory |
Attack on Red Fort (1787) | Dal Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory |
Attack on Delhi
(1788) |
Dal Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Sikh Victory
|
Battle of Sialkot
(1789) |
Dal Khalsa | Durrani Empire | Inconclusive |
Siege of Manchar (1790) | Sukerchakia Misl | Chattha Jats | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Chaj Doab (1793) | Dal Khalsa | Durrani Empire | Sikh Victory
|
Battle of Mardanpur (1794) | Patiala State | Martha Empire | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Rohtas (1795) | Sukerchakia Misl | Durrani Empire | Afghan Victory |
Battle of Lahore (1796) | Dal Khalsa | Durrani Empire | Afghan Victory |
Battle of Amritsar (1797) | Dal Khalsa | Durrani Empire | Sikh Victory |
Gujrat Expedition (1797) | Dal Khalsa | Durrani Empire | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Amritsar(1798) | Dal Khalsa | Durrani Empire | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Lahore
(1799) |
Sukerchakia Misl | Bhangi Misl | Sukerchakia Victory
|
Katoch-Sikh War
(1801) |
Sikh Empire | Kangra State | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Amritsar (1802) | Sikh Empire | Bhangi Misl | Sikh Empire Victory
|
Battle of Bajwara (1803) | Sikh Empire | Kangra State | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Kasur | Sikh Empire | Durrani Empire | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Jhang (1807) | Sikh Empire | Sial Dynasty | Sikh Victory |
Siege Of Multan (1807) | Sikh Empire | Durrani Empire | Sikh Victory
|
Battle of Sialkot (1808) | Sikh Empire | Sialkot Sardars | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Jammu | Sikh Empire | Durrani Empire | Sikh Victory |
Battle Of Jhang (1808) | Sikh Empire | Sial Dynasty | Sial Victory |
Sikh-Nepal War | Sikh Empire and Kangra State | Kingdom Of Nepal | Sikh Victory |
Siege of Multan(1810) | Sikh Empire | Durrani Empire | Sikh Victory |
Battle Of Chiniot (1810) | Sikh Empire | Sial Dynasty | Sikh Victory |
Battle Of Jhang (1810) | Sikh Empire | Sial Dynasty | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Bhimber (1812) | Sikh Empire | Chibhal | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Anandpur (1812) | Sikh Empire | Kalhur | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Kashmir (1812-1813) | Durrani Empire, Sikh Empire | Ata Khan's Kashmir state | Afghan-Sikh Victory |
Battle of Hasan Abdal (1813) | Sikh Empire | Durrani Empire | Afghan Victory |
Battle of Attock | Sikh Empire | Durrani Empire | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Guler (1813) | Sikh Empire | Guler | Sikh Victory
|
Battle of Kashmir (1814) | Sikh Empire | Durrani Empire | Afghan Victory |
Battle of Nurpur (1815) | Sikh Empire | Nurpur | Sikh Victory
|
Conquest of Mehmood Kot (1816) | Sikh Empire | Mehmood Kot Afghans | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Khangarh (1818) | Sikh Empire | Durrani Empire | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Muzzaffargarh (1818) | Sikh Empire | Durrani Empire | Sikh Victory |
Siege of Multan | Sikh Empire | Durrani Empire | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Mitha Tiwana (1818) | Sikh Empire | Pashtuns | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Shopian (1819) | Sikh Empire | Durrani Empire | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Pakhli (1819) | Sikh Empire | Pashtuns | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Gandgarh (1820) | Sikh Empire | Yousufzai Tribesman | Afghan Victory |
Battle of Mangal | Sikh Empire | Jaduns and Tanaolis Tribes | Sikh Victory |
Siege of Mankera (1821-1822) | Sikh Empire | Kingdom of Mankera | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Nara
(1822) |
Sikh Empire | Local Pashtuns | Afghan Victory |
Battle of Nowshera (1823) | Sikh Empire | Azim Khan's coalition | Sikh Victory
|
Battle of Sirikot (1824) | Sikh Empire | Local Pashtuns | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Darband (1825) | Sikh Empire | Yusufzai | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Akora Khattak | Sikh Empire | Syed Ahmad Barelvi | Afghan Victory |
Battle of Saidu | Sikh Empire | Yusufzai tribesmen and Peshawar Sardars | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Haidru (1828) | Sikh Empire | Mujahideen | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Phulra (1829) | Sikh Empire | Mujahideen | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Balakot | Sikh Empire | Mujahideen
Supported by: |
Sikh Victory |
Battle of Bannu (1832) | Sikh Empire | Local Pashtuns | Afghan Victory |
Battle of Peshawar (1834) | Sikh Empire | Peshawar Sardars | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Ladakh
(1834) |
Sikh Empire | Tibetian Empire | Dogra/Sikh Empire Victory |
Battle of Ramkani (1835) | Sikh Empire | Barakzai dynasty assisted by Ghazis | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Michni (1836) | Sikh Empire | Michni Afghans | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Jamrud (1836) | Sikh Empire | Pashtuns | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Panjitar (1836) | Sikh Empire | Panjtar Pashtuns | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Jamrud | Sikh Empire | Emirate of Kabul | Disputed
|
Invasion of Kabul (1839) | British Empire | Emirate Of Kabul | British and Sikh Victory
|
Baltistan Expedition (1840) | Sikh Empire | Maqpon Dynasty | Sikh Victory |
Sikh-Sino War | Sikh Empire | Qing Empire | Peace Treaty
|
Battle of Mudki | Sikh Empire | East India Company | British Victory |
Battle Of Sohana (1846) | Sikh Empire | East India Company | British Victory |
Battle of Ferozeshah (1845) | Sikh Empire | East India Company | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Baddowal (1846) | Sikh Empire | East India Company | British Victory |
Battle of Aliwal | Sikh Empire | East India Company | British Victory |
Battle of Sobraon (1846) | Sikh Empire | East India Company | British Victory
|
Battle of Ramnagar (1848) | Sikh Empire | East India Company | Sikh Victory[147] |
Battle of Chillianwala | Sikh Empire | East India Company | Sikh Victory[148] |
Siege of Multan | Sikh Empire | East India Company | British Victory[149] |
Battle of Gujrat | Sikh Empire | East India Company | British Victory
|
Battle of Saragari (1897) | British Empire | Afridis and Orakzai | Afghan Victory[152][153] |
Battle of Babeli (1923) | Babbar Akalis | British Empire | British Victory[159]
|
Sikh–Nirankari Clash (1978) | Akhand Kirtani JathaDamdami Taksal | Sant Nirankari MissionPunjab Police | Nirankari Victory
|
Skrimish at Daherul (1981) | Babbar Khalsa | India | Sikh Victory[161] |
Battle Of Amritsar (1984) | Damdami TaksalAll India Sikh Student FederationBabbar Khalsa | India | Indian Victory
|
Chola Sahib Encounter (1986) | Tat Khalsa | India | Sikh Victory[167][168]
|
Attack on Manochahal
(1986) |
Bhindranwale Tiger Force Of Khalistan | India | Sikh Victory[175] |
Jalandhar Court Attack (1986) | Khalistan Commando Force | India | Sikh Victory.[176][177][178][179][180][181]
[182][183][184][185][186][187]
|
Operation Mand (1986) | Tat Khalsa | India | Sikh Victory |
Battle of Haripur (1987) | Khalistan Liberation Force | India | Indian Victory
|
Battle of Lakhna Kalan | Khalistan Liberation Force | India | Sikh Victory.[199][200][201]
|
Battle of Karoonwale | Khalistan Liberation Force | India | Indian Victory |
Battle of Shabazpur | Khalistan Liberation Force | India | Sikh Victory[211][212][213] |
Battle of Bhagwanpur | Khalistan Liberation Force | India | Sikh Victory[211][212][213] |
Battle Of Ladhoo | Khalistan Liberation Force | India | Indian Victory[211][212][213] |
Battle Of Bhura Kona | Khalistan Liberation Force | India | Sikh Victory[211][212][213] |
Battle Of Thatti | Khalistan Liberation Force | India | Sikh Victory[211][212][213] |
Battle of Dubli | Khalistan Liberation Force | India | Sikh Victory[211][212][213] |
Battle of Manochahal | Khalistan Liberation Force | India | Sikh Victory[217][218][219] |
Battle Of Khem Karan | Khalistan Liberation Force | India | Sikh Victory[217][218][219] |
Ambush At Saroovala | Khalistan Liberation Force | India | Sikh Victory[217][218][219] |
Battle Of Kachha Pakka | Khalistan Liberation Force | India | Sikh Victory[217][218][219] |
Attack On Jhabale | Khalistan Liberation Force | India | Sikh Victory[217][218][219] |
Battle Of Sarhali | Khalistan Liberation Force | India | Sikh Victory[217][218][219] |
Battle Of Padhri | Khalistan Liberation Force | India | Sikh Victory[217][218][219] |
Battle Of Amarkot | Khalistan Liberation Force | India | Sikh Victory[217][218][219] |
Battle Of Cheema | Khalistan Liberation Force | India | Sikh Victory[217][218][219] |
Attack At Firozpur | Khalistan Liberation Force | India | Sikh Victory[217][218][219] |
Battle Of Panjwar | Khalistan Liberation Force | India | Sikh Victory[217][218][219] |
Battle Of Dibbipura | Khalistan Liberation Force | India | Sikh Victory[217][218][219] |
Second Battle Of Dibbipura | Khalistan Liberation Force | India | Sikh Victory[217][218][219] |
Battle of Mari Butchian (1990) | Khalistan Liberation Force | India | Indian Victory
|
Operation Vadhi Pahar (1991) | Dashmesh Regiment | India | Indian Victory |
Battle of Rataul (1991) | Bhindranwale Tiger Force Of Khalistan | India | Indian Victory[227] |
Battle of Maujia (1991) | Babbar Khalsa | India | Sikh Victory
|
Battle of Behla (1992) | Bhindranwale Tiger Force Of Khalistan | India | Indian Victory
|
Manochahal Encounter (1993) | Bhindranwale Tiger Force Of Khalistan | India | Indian Victory[228][229] |
Attack on Khadian (1994) | Khalistan Liberation Force | India | Indian Victory
|
Punjab Insurgency (1984-1995) | Sikh Kharku Groups | India | Indian Victory
|
See Also
- Akal Sena
- Khalsa Fauj
- Dal Khalsa
- Sikh Empire
- Kharku
- List of battles between Mughals and Sikhs
- Hill States–Sikh Wars
- Afghan–Sikh Wars
- Sino-Sikh War
- First Anglo-Sikh War
- Second Anglo-Sikh War
- Punjab Insurgency
- Khalsa Panth
References
- ^ Singh, Harbans (2011). The Encycl opedia of Sikhism Volume II E-L (3rd ed.). Punjabi University,Patiala. pp. 131–132. ISBN 978-81-7380-204-1. Retrieved 13 January 2023.
- ^ Pritam Singh Gill (1978). History of Sikh Nation. p. 165.
- ^ Lajwanti Lahori (1985). The Concept of Man in Sikhism. p. 8.
- ^ Surjit Singh Gandhi (2007). History of Sikh Gurus Retold: 1606-1708 C.E. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. ISBN 9788126908585.
- ^ Dhillon, Darbir Singh (1988). Sikhism, Origin and Development. p. 123.
- ^ Harajindara Siṅgha Dilagīra (1997). The Sikh reference book. p. 655. ISBN 9780969596424.
- ^ Dilagīra, Harajindara Siṅgha (1997). The Sikh reference book. Internet Archive. Edmonton, Alb., Canada : Sikh Educational Trust for Sikh University Centre, Denmark ; Amritsar : Available from Singh Bros. p. 140. ISBN 978-0-9695964-2-4.
- ^ History Of The Sikh Gurus - A Comprehensive Study. p. 319.
- ^ www.DiscoverSikhism.com. The Encyclopedia Of Sikhism - Volume II E-L. p. 58.
- ^ Ajit Singh Aulakh. Sri Gur Partap Suraj Granth Vol 7 Steek Gur Itihaas Sri Guru Har Rai Ji, Sri Guru Har Krishan Ji.
- ^ Harinder Singh Mehboob (2015). Sikh Scripture. Xlibris Corporation. ISBN 9781503546615.
- ^ a b Randhir, G. S. (February 1990). "Assam". Sikh Shrines in India. Publications Division of the Ministry of Information & Broadcasting, Government of India. pp. 83–87. ISBN 9788123022604.
- ^ Hari Ram Gupta (1994). History Of The Sikhs Vol. I The Sikh Gurus (1469-1708). pp. 226–228. ISBN 8121502764.
- ^ Harbans Kaur Sagoo (2001). Banda Singh Bahadur And Sikh Sovereignty. p. 59.
- ^ Hari Ram Gupta (1994). History Of The Sikhs Vol. I The Sikh Gurus (1469-1708). pp. 226–229. ISBN 8121502764.
- ^ Harbans Kaur Sagoo (2001). Banda Singh Bahadur And Sikh Sovereignty. p. 59.
- ^ Singh, Dalip (2002). Life of Sri Guru Gobind Singh Ji: includes clarifications on authenticity of Zafarnama, Fatehnama, role of Banda Bairagi, Amarnama and the facts connected with the Guru's final departure from earth. Amritsar, India: B. Chattar Singh Jiwan Singh. pp. 71–73. ISBN 978-81-7601-480-9.
- ^ Mahajan, Vidya Dhar (1970). Muslim Rule In India. S.Chand, New Delhi. p. 235.
- ^ Singh, Bhagat Lakshman. Short Sketch of the Life and Works of Guru Gobind Singh. Asian Educational Services. p. 78. ISBN 81-206-0576-4.
- ^ Bichitra Natak. Chapter 9, Chaupai 22 Archived 9 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Grewal, J.S. (8 October 1998). The Sikhs of the Punjab. Cambridge University Press. p. 74. ISBN 9780521637640.
- ^ Sagoo, Harbans (2001). Banda Singh Bahadur and Sikh Sovereignty. Deep & Deep Publications. ISBN 9788176293006.
- ^ Max Arthur Macauliffe (1909). The Sikh Religion Vol.5. Clarendon Press. p. 120. ISBN 9781108055444.
- ^ Harbans Kaur Sagoo (2001). Banda Singh Bahadur And Sikh Sovereignty. Deep & Deep Publications. p. 68. ISBN 9788176293006.
- ^ D.S Saggu VSM (2018). Battle Tactics And War Manoeuvres of The Sikhs. Notion Press. ISBN 9781642490060.
- ^ Macauliffe, Max Arthur (1996) [1909]. The Sikh Religion: Its Gurus, Sacred Writings, and Authors. Low Price Publications. p. 125. ISBN 978-81-86142-31-8. OCLC 1888987.
- ^ Gandhi, Surjit Singh (2007). History of Sikh Gurus Retold: 1606-1708 C.E. Atlantic Publishers & Distributors. p. 815. ISBN 9788126908585.
- ^ Macauliffe, Max Arthur (1996) [1909]. The Sikh Religion: Its Gurus, Sacred Writings, and Authors. Low Price Publications. p. 125. ISBN 978-81-86142-31-8. OCLC 1888987.
- ^ Gandhi, Surjit Singh (2007). History of Sikh Gurus Retold: 1606-1708 C.E. Atlantic Publishers & Distributors. p. 815. ISBN 9788126908585.
- ^ Macauliffe, Max Arthur (1996) [1909]. The Sikh Religion: Its Gurus, Sacred Writings, and Authors. Low Price Publications. p. 125. ISBN 978-81-86142-31-8. OCLC 1888987.
- ^ Gandhi, Surjit Singh (2007). History of Sikh Gurus Retold: 1606-1708 C.E. Atlantic Publishers & Distributors. p. 815. ISBN 9788126908585.
- ^ Macauliffe, Max Arthur (1909). The Sikh Religion Vol.5. pp. 135–136.
- ^ Suraj Granth Ruth 4 Chapter 19
- ^ Macauliffe, Max Arthur (1996) [1909]. The Sikh Religion: Its Gurus, Sacred Writings, and Authors. p. 106. ISBN 978-81-86142-31-8. OCLC 1888987.
- ^ S. Gajrani (2000). Guru Gobind Singh Personality And Vision. Vision & Venture. p. 42. ISBN 9788186769133.
- ^ Harajindara Siṅgha Dilagīra (1997). The Sikh reference book. p. 170. ISBN 9780969596424.
- ^ Jacques, Tony (2006). Dictionary of Battles and Sieges. Greenwood Press. p. 732. ISBN 978-0-313-33536-5. Archived from the original on 2015-06-26. Retrieved 2015-09-02.
- ^ Sagoo, Harbans (2001). Banda Singh Bahadur and Sikh Sovereignty. Deep & Deep Publications. ISBN 9788176293006.
- ^ Jacques, Tony (2006). Dictionary of Battles and Sieges. Greenwood Press. p. 112. ISBN 978-0-313-33536-5. Archived from the original on 2015-06-26. Retrieved 2015-07-25.
- ^ Sagoo, Harbans (2001). Banda Singh Bahadur and Sikh Sovereignty. Deep & Deep Publications. ISBN 9788176293006.
- ^ Singh, Dalip (2015). Life of Sri Guru Gobind Singh Ji (Sixth ed.). Amristar, India: B. Chattar Singh Jiwan Singh. pp. 188–189. ISBN 978-81-7601-480-9.
- ^ Dictionary of Battles and Sieges Page 221
- ^ Singh, Dalip (2015). Life of Sri Guru Gobind Singh Ji (Sixth ed.). Amristar, India: B. Chattar Singh Jiwan Singh. pp. 188–189. ISBN 978-81-7601-480-9.
- ^ Dictionary of Battles and Sieges Page 221
- ^ Hari Ram Gupta (1994). History Of The Sikhs Vol. I The Sikh Gurus (1469-1708). p. 286. ISBN 8121502764.
- ^ Dhillon, Dalbir Singh; Bhullar, Shangana Singh (1990). Battles of Guru Gobind Singh. Deep & Deep Publications. p. 71.
- ^ Singh, Sahib (1967). Guru Gobind Singh: Life History, His Mission and Significance of Four Breaches and Five Symbols of Khalsa Discipline. Raj Publishers. p. 122.
On the battlefield, Ramzan Khan was shot at by the arrow of Guru Gobind Singh and was wounded.
- ^ Dhillon, Dalbir Singh; Bhullar, Shangana Singh (1990). Battles of Guru Gobind Singh. Deep & Deep Publications. p. 71.
- ^ Singh, Sahib (1967). Guru Gobind Singh: Life History, His Mission and Significance of Four Breaches and Five Symbols of Khalsa Discipline. Raj Publishers. p. 122.
On the battlefield, Ramzan Khan was shot at by the arrow of Guru Gobind Singh and was wounded.
- ^ Kaur, Madanjit (2007). Guru Gobind Singh: Historical and Ideological Perspective. Unistar Books. p. 25. ISBN 978-8189899554.
- ^ a b Jacques 2006, p. 49.
- ^ a b c Kaur, Madanjit (2007). Guru Gobind Singh: Historical and Ideological Perspective. Unistar Books. p. 25. ISBN 978-8189899554.
- ^ Jaques, Tony (26 June 2015). "Dictionary of Battles and Sieges". friendfeed-media.com. Greenwood Press. p. 914. Archived from the original on 26 June 2015. Retrieved 30 August 2022.
- ^ Jaques, Tony (26 June 2015). "Dictionary of Battles and Sieges". friendfeed-media.com. Greenwood Press. p. 914. Archived from the original on 26 June 2015. Retrieved 30 August 2022.
- ^ Singh, Gurmukh (1995). Historical Sikh Shrines. Singh Bros. p. 161. ISBN 9788172051518.
- ^ Dilagīra, Harajindara Siṅgha (2000). Who Are the Sikhs?. Sikh Educational Trust. p. 107.
- ^ Singh, Gurmukh (1995). Historical Sikh Shrines. Singh Bros. p. 161. ISBN 9788172051518.
- ^ Dilagīra, Harajindara Siṅgha (2000). Who Are the Sikhs?. Sikh Educational Trust. p. 107.
- ^ Singh, Gurmukh (1995). Historical Sikh Shrines. Singh Bros. p. 161. ISBN 9788172051518.
- ^ Dilagīra, Harajindara Siṅgha (2000). Who Are the Sikhs?. Sikh Educational Trust. p. 107.
- ^ Dogra, R. C.; Mansukhani, G. S. (1995). Encyclopaedia of Sikh Religion and Culture. Vikas Publishing House. p. 100. ISBN 0706983688.
- ^ Sandhu, Gian Singh (2023). "34. Who are the current panj pyare?". Who Are the Sikhs? An Exploration of the Beliefs, Practices, & Traditions of the Sikh People. Archway Publishing. ISBN 978-1-6657-3953-5. OCLC 1376370414.
At crucial moments of Sikh history, the panj pyare have collectively acted as supreme authority for the Sikhs. For example, during the battle of Chamkaur, the last five surviving Sikhs constituted themselves into the Council of Five, and they commanded Guru Gobind to leave the fortress and save himself to reassemble the Sikhs. Before Guru Gobind Singh passed away, he ended the line of living gurus. Through the institution of the panj pyare, the Guru envisioned a continuing society that would conduct itself democratically and choose its leaders based on merit.
- ^ Dogra, R. C.; Mansukhani, G. S. (1995). Encyclopaedia of Sikh Religion and Culture. Vikas Publishing House. p. 100. ISBN 0706983688.
- ^ Sandhu, Gian Singh (2023). "34. Who are the current panj pyare?". Who Are the Sikhs? An Exploration of the Beliefs, Practices, & Traditions of the Sikh People. Archway Publishing. ISBN 978-1-6657-3953-5. OCLC 1376370414.
At crucial moments of Sikh history, the panj pyare have collectively acted as supreme authority for the Sikhs. For example, during the battle of Chamkaur, the last five surviving Sikhs constituted themselves into the Council of Five, and they commanded Guru Gobind to leave the fortress and save himself to reassemble the Sikhs. Before Guru Gobind Singh passed away, he ended the line of living gurus. Through the institution of the panj pyare, the Guru envisioned a continuing society that would conduct itself democratically and choose its leaders based on merit.
- ^ Dogra, R. C.; Mansukhani, G. S. (1995). Encyclopaedia of Sikh Religion and Culture. Vikas Publishing House. p. 100. ISBN 0706983688.
- ^ Sandhu, Gian Singh (2023). "34. Who are the current panj pyare?". Who Are the Sikhs? An Exploration of the Beliefs, Practices, & Traditions of the Sikh People. Archway Publishing. ISBN 978-1-6657-3953-5. OCLC 1376370414.
At crucial moments of Sikh history, the panj pyare have collectively acted as supreme authority for the Sikhs. For example, during the battle of Chamkaur, the last five surviving Sikhs constituted themselves into the Council of Five, and they commanded Guru Gobind to leave the fortress and save himself to reassemble the Sikhs. Before Guru Gobind Singh passed away, he ended the line of living gurus. Through the institution of the panj pyare, the Guru envisioned a continuing society that would conduct itself democratically and choose its leaders based on merit.
- ^ Dogra, R. C.; Mansukhani, G. S. (1995). Encyclopaedia of Sikh Religion and Culture. Vikas Publishing House. p. 100. ISBN 0706983688.
- ^ Sandhu, Gian Singh (2023). "34. Who are the current panj pyare?". Who Are the Sikhs? An Exploration of the Beliefs, Practices, & Traditions of the Sikh People. Archway Publishing. ISBN 978-1-6657-3953-5. OCLC 1376370414.
At crucial moments of Sikh history, the panj pyare have collectively acted as supreme authority for the Sikhs. For example, during the battle of Chamkaur, the last five surviving Sikhs constituted themselves into the Council of Five, and they commanded Guru Gobind to leave the fortress and save himself to reassemble the Sikhs. Before Guru Gobind Singh passed away, he ended the line of living gurus. Through the institution of the panj pyare, the Guru envisioned a continuing society that would conduct itself democratically and choose its leaders based on merit.
- ^ Dogra, R. C.; Mansukhani, G. S. (1995). Encyclopaedia of Sikh Religion and Culture. Vikas Publishing House. p. 100. ISBN 0706983688.
- ^ Sandhu, Gian Singh (2023). "34. Who are the current panj pyare?". Who Are the Sikhs? An Exploration of the Beliefs, Practices, & Traditions of the Sikh People. Archway Publishing. ISBN 978-1-6657-3953-5. OCLC 1376370414.
At crucial moments of Sikh history, the panj pyare have collectively acted as supreme authority for the Sikhs. For example, during the battle of Chamkaur, the last five surviving Sikhs constituted themselves into the Council of Five, and they commanded Guru Gobind to leave the fortress and save himself to reassemble the Sikhs. Before Guru Gobind Singh passed away, he ended the line of living gurus. Through the institution of the panj pyare, the Guru envisioned a continuing society that would conduct itself democratically and choose its leaders based on merit.
- ^ Famous Sikh Women (PDF).
- ^ Giri, Dipak (2021). Gender Perspectives in Indian Context. Booksclinic. p. 174. ISBN 9789390655281.
- ^ Rawal, Manoshi Sinha (2022). Saffron Swords Book-2. Garuda Prakashan. ISBN 9798885750233. Chapter 9
- ^ Famous Sikh Women (PDF).
- ^ Giri, Dipak (2021). Gender Perspectives in Indian Context. Booksclinic. p. 174. ISBN 9789390655281.
- ^ Rawal, Manoshi Sinha (2022). Saffron Swords Book-2. Garuda Prakashan. ISBN 9798885750233. Chapter 9
- ^ Jacques, Tony (2007). Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: F-O. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 695. ISBN 978-0-313-33536-5.
- ^ Fenech, E. Louis; Mcleod, H. W. (11 June 2014). Historical Dictionary of Sikhism. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 65. ISBN 978-1-4422-3601-1.
- ^ Kartar Singh (1951). Life Of Guru Gobind Singh. Lahore Book Shop. p. 253.
- ^ VSM, D. S. Saggu (2018-06-07). Battle Tactics And War Manoeuvres of the Sikhs. Notion Press. ISBN 978-1-64249-006-0.
over three hundred men were killed.
- ^ Kavi Saniapat (1996). Sri Gur Sobha (PDF). pp. 265–276.
- ^ Macauliffe, Max Arthur (1996) [1909]. The Sikh Religion: Its Gurus, Sacred Writings, and Authors. Low Price Publications. p. 229. ISBN 978-81-86142-31-8. OCLC 1888987.
- ^ Irvine, p. 34.
- ^ Gandhi, Surjit (2004). A Historian's Approach to Guru Gobind Singh. Singh Bros. p. 323. ISBN 8172053061.
- ^ A Historian's Approach to Guru Gobind Singh. p. 324.
- ^ Surjit Singh Gandhi (1999). Sikhs In The Eighteenth Century. Singh Bros. p. 87. ISBN 9788172052171.
- ^ Teja Singh and Ganda Singh (1950). A Short History Of The Sikhs - Volume 1. Orient Longmans. pp. 112–113.
- ^ Sikhs In The Eighteenth Century. p. 28.
- ^ Dhillon, Harish (2013-05-01). First Raj of the Sikhs: The Life and Times of Banda Singh Bahadur. Hay House, Inc. ISBN 978-93-81398-39-5.
- ^ Sikhs In The Eighteenth Century. p. 28.
- ^ Dhillon, Harish (2013-05-01). First Raj of the Sikhs: The Life and Times of Banda Singh Bahadur. Hay House, Inc. ISBN 978-93-81398-39-5.
- ^ a b Ganda Singh 1935, pp. 35–39.
- ^ a b Ganda Singh 1935, p. 35-39.
- ^ Jacques, Tony (2007). Dictionary of Battles and Sieges. Greenwood Press. p. 891. ISBN 978-0-313-33536-5.
- ^ Jacques, p. 892
- ^ Jacques, Tony (2007). Dictionary of Battles and Sieges. Greenwood Press. p. 891. ISBN 978-0-313-33536-5.
- ^ Jacques, p. 892
- ^ Singh and Singh, Daljeet and Kharak (1997). Sikhism its Philosophy and History. Nagar, Chandigarh: Institute of Sikh Studies. p. 426. ISBN 81-85815-03-8.
- ^ Macauliffe, Max Arthur (2013-03-28). The Sikh Religion: Its Gurus, Sacred Writings and Authors. Cambridge University Press. p. 247. ISBN 978-1-108-05547-5.
- ^ a b c d e Ganda Singh 1935, pp. 40–44.
- ^ a b c d e Singh, Sohan (2000). Life & Exploits of Banda Singh Bahadur. Publication Bureau, Punjabi University. pp. 40–41. ISBN 978-81-7380-671-1.
- ^ www.DiscoverSikhism.com. Banda Singh Bahadur And Sikh Sovereignty.
- ^ Macauliffe, Max Arthur (2013-03-28). The Sikh Religion: Its Gurus, Sacred Writings and Authors. Cambridge University Press. p. 247. ISBN 978-1-108-05547-5.
- ^ Gupta, Hari Ram (1999) [1937]. History of the Sikhs: Evolution of Sikh Confederacies (1708-69) (PDF). Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers. p. 9. ISBN 9788121502481.
- ^ Dhillon, Harish (2013-05-01). First Raj of the Sikhs: The Life and Times of Banda Singh Bahadur. Hay House, Inc. ISBN 978-93-81398-39-5.
- ^ Teja Singh and Ganda Singh (1950). A Short History Of The Sikhs - Volume 1. Orient Longmans. p. 79.
- ^ Harbans Kaur Sagoo (2001). Banda Singh Bahadur And Sikh Sovereignty. p. 127.
- ^ Singha, H. S. (2000). The Encyclopedia of Sikhism (over 1000 Entries). Hemkunt Press. ISBN 978-81-7010-301-1.
- ^ www.DiscoverSikhism.com. Banda Singh Bahadur And Sikh Sovereignty.
- ^ Gandhi, Surjit Singh (1980), Struggle of the Sikhs for Sovereignty, p. 5
- ^ Sagoo, Harbans (2001). Banda Singh Bahadur and Sikh Sovereignty. Deep & Deep Publications.
- ^ Raj Pal Singh (2004). The Sikhs : Their Journey Of Five Hundred Years. Pentagon Press. pp. 46–47. ISBN 9788186505465.
- ^ History of Islam, p. 506, at Google Books
- ^ Singha, H.S. (2005). Sikh Studies, Book 7. Hemkunt Press. p. 34. ISBN 9788170102458.
- ^ T K Anand (2005). Essence of Sikhism. Vikas Publishing House. p. 65. ISBN 9788125919483.
- ^ Gandhi, Surjit Singh (1980), Struggle of the Sikhs for Sovereignty, p. 5
- ^ Sagoo, Harbans (2001). Banda Singh Bahadur and Sikh Sovereignty. Deep & Deep Publications.
- ^ Raj Pal Singh (2004). The Sikhs : Their Journey Of Five Hundred Years. Pentagon Press. pp. 46–47. ISBN 9788186505465.
- ^ History of Islam, p. 506, at Google Books
- ^ Singha, H.S. (2005). Sikh Studies, Book 7. Hemkunt Press. p. 34. ISBN 9788170102458.
- ^ T K Anand (2005). Essence of Sikhism. Vikas Publishing House. p. 65. ISBN 9788125919483.
- ^ Gandhi, Surjit Singh (1980), Struggle of the Sikhs for Sovereignty, p. 5
- ^ Sagoo, Harbans (2001). Banda Singh Bahadur and Sikh Sovereignty. Deep & Deep Publications.
- ^ Raj Pal Singh (2004). The Sikhs : Their Journey Of Five Hundred Years. Pentagon Press. pp. 46–47. ISBN 9788186505465.
- ^ History of Islam, p. 506, at Google Books
- ^ Singha, H.S. (2005). Sikh Studies, Book 7. Hemkunt Press. p. 34. ISBN 9788170102458.
- ^ T K Anand (2005). Essence of Sikhism. Vikas Publishing House. p. 65. ISBN 9788125919483.
- ^ Singh, Ganda (1990) [1935]. Life of Banda Singh Bahadur. Publication Bureau, Punjabi University. pp. 55–66.
- ^ a b Sagoo 2001, p. 131. sfn error: multiple targets (6×): CITEREFSagoo2001 (help)
- ^ Gupta, Hari Ram (1999) [1937]. History of the Sikhs: Evolution of Sikh Confederacies (1708-69) (PDF). Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers. pp. 12, 13. ISBN 9788121502481.
- ^ Singh, Ganda (1990) [1935]. Life of Banda Singh Bahadur. Publication Bureau, Punjabi University. pp. 55–66.
- ^ Gupta, Hari Ram (1999) [1937]. History of the Sikhs: Evolution of Sikh Confederacies (1708-69) (PDF). Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers. pp. 12, 13. ISBN 9788121502481.
- ^ a b c d Gupta, Hari Ram (1978) [1937]. History of the Sikhs: Evolution of Sikh Confederacies (1708-69) (3rd ed.). Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers. p. 14. ISBN 9788121502481.
- ^ a b Baagha, Ajit Singh; Singh (Guru), Gobind (1969). Banur Had Orders: A Critical Study, of an Hitherto Unknown Hukamnamah of Guru Gobind Singh. Ranjit Printers & Publishers.
- ^ "Chronology of Baba Banda Singh Bahadur". Lohgarh Trust. Retrieved 2023-07-01.
- ^ Willian Irvine (1971). Later Mughal. Atlantic Publishers. p. 101.
- ^ Zahiruddin Malik (1977). The reign of Muhammad Shah, 1719-1748. Asia Publishing House. p. 52. ISBN 9780210405987.
- ^ a b c d Singh, Raj Pal (1998). Banda Bahadur and His Times. Harman Publishing House. p. 33. ISBN 978-81-86622-25-4.
- ^ Jacques, Tony (2007). Dictionary of Battles and Sieges. Greenwood Press. p. 484. ISBN 978-0-313-33536-5.
- ^ Singh, Ganda (1990) [1935]. Life of Banda Singh Bahadur. Publication Bureau, Punjabi University. pp. 55–66.
- ^ a b Sagoo 2001, p. 171. sfn error: multiple targets (6×): CITEREFSagoo2001 (help)
- ^ a b Gandhi 1999, p. 38.
- ^ Studies in History:Volume 1. Jawaharlal Nehru University. Centre for Historical Studies, Sage Publications. 1979. p. 199.
- ^ Jacques, Tony (2007). Dictionary of Battles and Sieges. Greenwood Press. p. 484. ISBN 978-0-313-33536-5.
- ^ Singh, Ganda (1990) [1935]. Life of Banda Singh Bahadur. Publication Bureau, Punjabi University. pp. 55–66.
- ^ Studies in History:Volume 1. Jawaharlal Nehru University. Centre for Historical Studies, Sage Publications. 1979. p. 199.
- ^ Jacques, p. 839
- ^ Major A. H. Amin (retd.) Orbat.com Archived 7 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Marshman, John Clark (1867). The History of India, Volume III. Longmans, Green, Reader & Dyer. p. 340.
- ^ Marshman, John Clark (1867). The History of India, Volume III. Longmans, Green, Reader & Dyer. p. 340.
- ^ Marshman, John Clark (1867). The History of India, Volume III. Longmans, Green, Reader & Dyer. p. 340.
- ^ Sharma, Gautam (1990). Valour and Sacrifice: Famous Regiments of the Indian Army. Allied Publishers. p. 185. ISBN 978-8170231400. Retrieved 22 February 2019.
- ^ Major General Jaswant Singh Letter to H.M. Queen Elizabeth II Archived 12 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine Institute of Sikh Studies (1999) - accessed 30 March 2008
- ^ Sharma, Gautam (1990). Valour and Sacrifice: Famous Regiments of the Indian Army. Allied Publishers. p. 185. ISBN 978-8170231400. Retrieved 22 February 2019.
- ^ Major General Jaswant Singh Letter to H.M. Queen Elizabeth II Archived 12 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine Institute of Sikh Studies (1999) - accessed 30 March 2008
- ^ Sharma, Gautam (1990). Valour and Sacrifice: Famous Regiments of the Indian Army. Allied Publishers. p. 185. ISBN 978-8170231400. Retrieved 22 February 2019.
- ^ Major General Jaswant Singh Letter to H.M. Queen Elizabeth II Archived 12 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine Institute of Sikh Studies (1999) - accessed 30 March 2008
- ^ "Explained: Why the Battle of Saragarhi continues to inspire India & world, 124 years on". 14 September 2021.
- ^ Harbans Singh (1992). The Encyclopedia Of Sikhism – Volume II E-L. pp. 434–435. ISBN 9788173802041.
- ^ Harbans Singh (1992). The Encyclopedia Of Sikhism – Volume II E-L. pp. 434–435. ISBN 9788173802041.
- ^ Chawla, K. S. (May 20, 2001). "Efforts on to extradite Kalasinghian". TribuneIndia. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved July 19, 2018.
- ^ Chawla, K. S. (May 20, 2001). "Efforts on to extradite Kalasinghian". TribuneIndia. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved July 19, 2018.
- ^ Chawla, K. S. (May 20, 2001). "Efforts on to extradite Kalasinghian". TribuneIndia. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved July 19, 2018.
- ^ Jugdep S Chima (2008). The Sikh Separatist Insurgency in India: Political Leadership and Ethnonationalist Movements. Sage Publishing India. pp. 114–. ISBN 978-9351509530.
- ^ Jaijee, Inderjit Singh (1999). Politics of Genocide: Punjab, 1984–1998. Ajanta Publications. ISBN 978-8120204157. OCLC 42752917.
- ^ Sidhu, G.B.S (2001-03-09). The Khalistan Conspiracy: A Former R&aw Officer Unravels The Path To 1984. p. 176.
- ^ Link: Indian Newsmagazine. 1987. p. 24.
- ^ ਖਾੜਕੂ ਯੋਧੇ in Punjabi by Maninder Singh Baja
- ^ Link: Indian Newsmagazine. 1987. p. 24.
- ^ ਖਾੜਕੂ ਯੋਧੇ in Punjabi by Maninder Singh Baja
- ^ Link: Indian Newsmagazine. 1987. p. 24.
- ^ ਖਾੜਕੂ ਯੋਧੇ in Punjabi by Maninder Singh Baja
- ^ Link: Indian Newsmagazine. 1987. p. 24.
- ^ ਖਾੜਕੂ ਯੋਧੇ in Punjabi by Maninder Singh Baja
- ^ a b c Singh, Harjinder (2008). Game of Love. Akaal Publishers. pp. 199–202. ISBN 978-0-9554587-1-2.
- ^ "The World, section 1". Los Angeles Times. 6 April 1986. Archived from the original on October 23, 2012. Retrieved 23 January 2016.
Sikh extremists shot their way into a courthouse in the Punjab city of Jullundur, killed six policemen and freed three prisoners accused of killing a Hindu editor, authorities said.
- ^ Chicago Tribune Wires; NEWS (5 April 1986). "SIKH GUNMEN SLAY 6 COPS IN PUNJAB". Chicago Tribune. p. 14. Archived from the original on 21 October 2012. Retrieved 23 January 2016.
{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "Sikh terrorist kill policemen in Punjab". The Free-Lance Star. 5 April 1986. Retrieved 23 January 2016.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Terrorists kill 6 policemen, free prisoners". Ludington Daily News. 4 April 1986. p. 8. Retrieved 23 January 2016.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Sikhs kill 6, free 3 prisoners". The Spokesman-Review and Spokane Chronicle. 6 April 1986. p. A6.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Sikh extremists kill 6 policemen, free 3 prisoners". Eugene Register-Guard. 6 April 1986. Archived from the original on 17 July 2012. Retrieved 21 October 2020.
- ^ "The World, section 1". Los Angeles Times. 6 April 1986. Archived from the original on October 23, 2012. Retrieved 23 January 2016.
Sikh extremists shot their way into a courthouse in the Punjab city of Jullundur, killed six policemen and freed three prisoners accused of killing a Hindu editor, authorities said.
- ^ Chicago Tribune Wires; NEWS (5 April 1986). "SIKH GUNMEN SLAY 6 COPS IN PUNJAB". Chicago Tribune. p. 14. Archived from the original on 21 October 2012. Retrieved 23 January 2016.
{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "Sikh terrorist kill policemen in Punjab". The Free-Lance Star. 5 April 1986. Retrieved 23 January 2016.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Terrorists kill 6 policemen, free prisoners". Ludington Daily News. 4 April 1986. p. 8. Retrieved 23 January 2016.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Sikhs kill 6, free 3 prisoners". The Spokesman-Review and Spokane Chronicle. 6 April 1986. p. A6.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Sikh extremists kill 6 policemen, free 3 prisoners". Eugene Register-Guard. 6 April 1986. Archived from the original on 17 July 2012. Retrieved 21 October 2020.
- ^ "The World, section 1". Los Angeles Times. 6 April 1986. Archived from the original on October 23, 2012. Retrieved 23 January 2016.
Sikh extremists shot their way into a courthouse in the Punjab city of Jullundur, killed six policemen and freed three prisoners accused of killing a Hindu editor, authorities said.
- ^ Chicago Tribune Wires; NEWS (5 April 1986). "SIKH GUNMEN SLAY 6 COPS IN PUNJAB". Chicago Tribune. p. 14. Archived from the original on 21 October 2012. Retrieved 23 January 2016.
{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "Sikh terrorist kill policemen in Punjab". The Free-Lance Star. 5 April 1986. Retrieved 23 January 2016.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Terrorists kill 6 policemen, free prisoners". Ludington Daily News. 4 April 1986. p. 8. Retrieved 23 January 2016.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Sikhs kill 6, free 3 prisoners". The Spokesman-Review and Spokane Chronicle. 6 April 1986. p. A6.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Sikh extremists kill 6 policemen, free 3 prisoners". Eugene Register-Guard. 6 April 1986. Archived from the original on 17 July 2012. Retrieved 21 October 2020.
- ^ India Today. Living Media India Pvt. Limited. 1986. p. 35.
- ^ India Today Volume 11, Issues 13-24. Living Media India Pvt. Limited. 1986. p. 23.
- ^ India Today. Living Media India Pvt. Limited. 1986. p. 35.
- ^ India Today Volume 11, Issues 13-24. Living Media India Pvt. Limited. 1986. p. 23.
- ^ "I have nothing to do with extremists: Major Singh Uboke". India Today. Retrieved 2023-06-06.
- ^ Baja, Maninder Singh (2016). ਅਮਰ ਸ਼ਹੀਦ ਭਾਈ ਗੁਰਜੰਟ ਸਿੰਘ ਬੁੱਧਸਿੰਘਵਾਲਾ (in Punjabi) (1st ed.). Damdami Taksal. pp. 147–148. ISBN 978-93-85397-02-8.
- ^ ਖਾੜਕੂ ਯੋਧੇ in Punjabi by Maninder Singh Baja
- ^ Taksal, Ranjit Singh Damdami (2017-06-30), History of Shaheed Bhai Major Singh Johal Alias Pala, Khalistan Liberation Force. Writer - Ranjit Singh Student Damdami Taksal, Sikh Youth Federation Bhindranwala., retrieved 2023-07-01
- ^ Baja, Maninder Singh (2016). ਅਮਰ ਸ਼ਹੀਦ ਭਾਈ ਗੁਰਜੰਟ ਸਿੰਘ ਬੁੱਧਸਿੰਘਵਾਲਾ (in Punjabi) (1st ed.). Damdami Taksal. pp. 147–148. ISBN 978-93-85397-02-8.
- ^ ਖਾੜਕੂ ਯੋਧੇ in Punjabi by Maninder Singh Baja
- ^ Taksal, Ranjit Singh Damdami (2017-06-30), History of Shaheed Bhai Major Singh Johal Alias Pala, Khalistan Liberation Force. Writer - Ranjit Singh Student Damdami Taksal, Sikh Youth Federation Bhindranwala., retrieved 2023-07-01
- ^ Taksal, Ranjit Singh Damdami (2017-06-30), History of Shaheed Bhai Major Singh Johal Alias Pala, Khalistan Liberation Force. Writer - Ranjit Singh Student Damdami Taksal, Sikh Youth Federation Bhindranwala., retrieved 2023-07-01
- ^ ਖਾੜਕੂ ਯੋਧੇ in Punjabi by Maninder Singh Baja
- ^ Baja, Maninder Singh (2016). ਅਮਰ ਸ਼ਹੀਦ ਭਾਈ ਗੁਰਜੰਟ ਸਿੰਘ ਬੁੱਧਸਿੰਘਵਾਲਾ (in Punjabi) (1st ed.). Damdami Taksal. pp. 147–148. ISBN 978-93-85397-02-8.
- ^ Taksal, Ranjit Singh Damdami (2017-06-30), History of Shaheed Bhai Major Singh Johal Alias Pala, Khalistan Liberation Force. Writer - Ranjit Singh Student Damdami Taksal, Sikh Youth Federation Bhindranwala., retrieved 2023-07-01
- ^ ਖਾੜਕੂ ਯੋਧੇ in Punjabi by Maninder Singh Baja
- ^ Baja, Maninder Singh (2016). ਅਮਰ ਸ਼ਹੀਦ ਭਾਈ ਗੁਰਜੰਟ ਸਿੰਘ ਬੁੱਧਸਿੰਘਵਾਲਾ (in Punjabi) (1st ed.). Damdami Taksal. pp. 147–148. ISBN 978-93-85397-02-8.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Taksal, Ranjit Singh Damdami (2017-06-30), History of Shaheed Bhai Major Singh Johal Alias Pala, Khalistan Liberation Force. Writer - Ranjit Singh Student Damdami Taksal, Sikh Youth Federation Bhindranwala., retrieved 2023-07-01
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j ਖਾੜਕੂ ਯੋਧੇ in Punjabi by Maninder Singh Baja
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Baja, Maninder Singh (2016). ਅਮਰ ਸ਼ਹੀਦ ਭਾਈ ਗੁਰਜੰਟ ਸਿੰਘ ਬੁੱਧਸਿੰਘਵਾਲਾ (in Punjabi) (1st ed.). Damdami Taksal. pp. 147–148. ISBN 978-93-85397-02-8.
- ^ a b Taksal, Ranjit Singh Damdami (2017-06-30), History of Shaheed Bhai Major Singh Johal Alias Pala, Khalistan Liberation Force. Writer - Ranjit Singh Student Damdami Taksal, Sikh Youth Federation Bhindranwala., retrieved 2023-07-01
- ^ a b ਖਾੜਕੂ ਯੋਧੇ in Punjabi by Maninder Singh Baja
- ^ a b Baja, Maninder Singh (2016). ਅਮਰ ਸ਼ਹੀਦ ਭਾਈ ਗੁਰਜੰਟ ਸਿੰਘ ਬੁੱਧਸਿੰਘਵਾਲਾ (in Punjabi) (1st ed.). Damdami Taksal. pp. 147–148. ISBN 978-93-85397-02-8.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai Taksal, Ranjit Singh Damdami (2017-06-30), History of Shaheed Bhai Major Singh Johal Alias Pala, Khalistan Liberation Force. Writer - Ranjit Singh Student Damdami Taksal, Sikh Youth Federation Bhindranwala., retrieved 2023-07-01
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai ਖਾੜਕੂ ਯੋਧੇ in Punjabi by Maninder Singh Baja
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai Baja, Maninder Singh (2016). ਅਮਰ ਸ਼ਹੀਦ ਭਾਈ ਗੁਰਜੰਟ ਸਿੰਘ ਬੁੱਧਸਿੰਘਵਾਲਾ (in Punjabi) (1st ed.). Damdami Taksal. pp. 147–148. ISBN 978-93-85397-02-8.
- ^ Taksal, Ranjit Singh Damdami (2017-06-30), History of Shaheed Bhai Major Singh Johal Alias Pala, Khalistan Liberation Force. Writer - Ranjit Singh Student Damdami Taksal, Sikh Youth Federation Bhindranwala., retrieved 2023-07-01
- ^ ਖਾੜਕੂ ਯੋਧੇ in Punjabi by Maninder Singh Baja
- ^ Baja, Maninder Singh (2016). ਅਮਰ ਸ਼ਹੀਦ ਭਾਈ ਗੁਰਜੰਟ ਸਿੰਘ ਬੁੱਧਸਿੰਘਵਾਲਾ (in Punjabi) (1st ed.). Damdami Taksal. pp. 147–148. ISBN 978-93-85397-02-8.
- ^ Haksar, Parmeshwar Narain (2004). Haksar Memorial Volume: Challenges for nation building in a world in turmoil : papers presented at the Fourth Haksar Memorial Seminar-cum-Lecture Series on Nation Building, development Process, Communication, and Governance organized by CRRID from 9-15 November 2005. Centre for Research in Rural and Industrial Development. p. 99. ISBN 978-81-85835-51-8.
- ^ Judge, Paramjit S. (2005). Religion, Identity, and Nationhood: The Sikh Militant Movement. Rawat Publications. p. 210. ISBN 978-81-7033-949-6.
- ^ Haksar, Parmeshwar Narain (2004). Haksar Memorial Volume: Challenges for nation building in a world in turmoil : papers presented at the Fourth Haksar Memorial Seminar-cum-Lecture Series on Nation Building, development Process, Communication, and Governance organized by CRRID from 9-15 November 2005. Centre for Research in Rural and Industrial Development. p. 99. ISBN 978-81-85835-51-8.
- ^ Judge, Paramjit S. (2005). Religion, Identity, and Nationhood: The Sikh Militant Movement. Rawat Publications. p. 210. ISBN 978-81-7033-949-6.
- ^ a b c Puri, Harish K.; Judge, Paramjit S.; Sekhon, Jagrup Singh (1999). Terrorism in Punjab: Understanding Grassroots Reality. Har-Anand Publications. ISBN 978-81-241-0619-8.
- ^ "Manochahal killed in encounter". The Indian Express. 1 March 1993. p. 1.
- ^ "Indian police kill top Sikh guerilla". The Daily Gazette. 1 March 1993. p. 16.
- ^ "Manochahal killed in encounter". The Indian Express. 1 March 1993. p. 1.
- ^ "Indian police kill top Sikh guerilla". The Daily Gazette. 1 March 1993. p. 16.
- ^ Punjab, Committee for Coordination on Disappearances in (2003). Reduced to Ashes: The Insurgency and Human Rights in Punjab : Final Report. Sikh Students Federation. ISBN 978-99933-53-57-7.