The eradication of lymphatic filariasis is the ongoing attempt to eradicate the Filarioidea worms which cause the disease lymphatic filariasis and also treat the people who already have the infection.[citation needed]
In 1998, various countries established the Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis as a project of the World Health Organization.[1] This international effort had the goal of having eradication programs in every country to eliminate the disease globally.[1]
Eradication plan
The disease spreads when a mosquito transfers a worm parasite through mosquito bite.[2] In various regions the species of worm and mosquito can vary.[2] The prevention and treatment plans differ according to whatever is effective against the species in a given region.[2]
The creation of maps and planning of local monitoring systems has been an essential part of all regional eradication plans.[3]
By region
In the 1970s there was an eradication experiment in French Polynesia.[4] Samoa and Fiji did experiments in the early 1990s.[4] These practical experiments in eradication became models for LF eradication for the rest of the world to use.[4]
A 2018 update for Madagascar reported that many people still tested positive for parasite.[5]
China participated in the program and became LF free in 2007.[6] Prior to that, the disease had been in China since ancient times.[6] In the 1980s China had 30 million people with the disease.[6]
As of 2016 various countries in South East Asia were at different phases in their national elimination programs.[7] Bangladesh, Thailand, Maldives, and Sri Lanka all ended their mass drug administration programs due to success in elimination. India, Indonesia, East Timor, Nepal, and Myanmar are actively doing mass drug administration (MDA).[7]
Thailand took a baseline survey of LF in 2001.[8] From 2002 to 2011 the country did MDA.[8] In September 2017, the World Health Organization declared Thailand to be free of LF.[8]
Tonga did MDA from 2001 to 2006. The World Health Organization declared the country free of LF in 2017.[9]
References
- ^ a b Addiss, DG (2005). "Global elimination of lymphatic filariasis: origins, progress and challenges". Indian Journal of Urology. 21 (1): 12. doi:10.4103/0970-1591.19544.
- ^ a b c Erickson, Sara M.; Thomsen, Edward K.; Keven, John B.; Vincent, Naomi; Koimbu, Gussy; Siba, Peter M.; Christensen, Bruce M.; Reimer, Lisa J.; Valenzuela, Jesus G. (12 September 2013). "Mosquito-Parasite Interactions Can Shape Filariasis Transmission Dynamics and Impact Elimination Programs". PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 7 (9): e2433. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0002433. PMC 3772046. PMID 24069488.
- ^ Srividya, A; Subramanian, S; Jambulingam, P; Vijayakumar, B; Dinesh Raja, J (2019). "Mapping and monitoring for a lymphatic filariasis elimination program: a systematic review". Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine. 10: 43–90. doi:10.2147/RRTM.S134186. PMC 6554002. PMID 31239804.
- ^ a b c Kimura, E (March 2011). "The Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis: History and achievements with special reference to annual single-dose treatment with diethylcarbamazine in Samoa and Fiji". Tropical Medicine and Health. 39 (1): 17–30. doi:10.2149/tmh.2010-18. PMC 3191775. PMID 22028608.
- ^ Garchitorena, Andres; Raza-Fanomezanjanahary, Estelle M.; Mioramalala, Sedera A.; Chesnais, Cédric B.; Ratsimbasoa, Claude A.; Ramarosata, Herinirina; Bonds, Matthew H.; Rabenantoandro, Holivololona; Fischer, Peter U. (17 September 2018). "Towards elimination of lymphatic filariasis in southeastern Madagascar: Successes and challenges for interrupting transmission". PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 12 (9): e0006780. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0006780. PMC 6160210. PMID 30222758.
- ^ a b c Fang, Yuan; Zhang, Yi (7 August 2019). "Lessons from lymphatic filariasis elimination and the challenges of post-elimination surveillance in China". Infectious Diseases of Poverty. 8 (1): 66. doi:10.1186/s40249-019-0578-9. PMC 6685173. PMID 31387644.
- ^ a b Specht, Sabine; Suma, T K; Pedrique, Belen; Hoerauf, Achim (22 January 2019). "Elimination of lymphatic filariasis in South East Asia". BMJ. 364: k5198. doi:10.1136/bmj.k5198. PMC 6340355. PMID 30670373.
- ^ a b c Rojanapanus, S; Toothong, T; Boondej, P; Thammapalo, S; Khuanyoung, N; Santabutr, W; Prempree, P; Gopinath, D; Ramaiah, KD (27 May 2019). "How Thailand eliminated lymphatic filariasis as a public health problem". Infectious Diseases of Poverty. 8 (1): 38. doi:10.1186/s40249-019-0549-1. PMC 6535972. PMID 31130143.
- ^ Ofanoa, R; Ofa, T; Padmasiri, EA; Kapa, DR (2019). "Elimination of lymphatic filariasis as a public health problem from Tonga". Tropical Medicine and Health. 47: 43. doi:10.1186/s41182-019-0169-2. PMC 6632206. PMID 31346312.
Further reading
- World Health Organization (2013). Lymphatic Filariasis: A handbook for national elimination programs (PDF). World Health Organization. ISBN 978-92-4-150564-2.