Naṭabhairavi is a rāgam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is the 20th melakarta rāgam in the 72 melakarta rāgam system. It corresponds to the Natural minor scale (alias Aeolian mode ) of western music system.
Natabhairavi corresponds to the Asavari thaat of Hindustani music .[ 1] [ 2] In the Muthuswami Dikshitar school this melakarta is instead known as Nārīrītigowla .[ 3] Natabhairavi is known to be a rāgam that incites feelings of grandeur and devotion in the listeners.
Structure and Lakshana
Natabhairavi scale with shadjam at C
It is the 2nd rāgam in the 4th chakra Veda . The mnemonic name is Veda-Sri . The mnemonic phrase is sa ri gi ma pa dha ni .[ 1] Its ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa structure is as follows (see swaras in Carnatic music for details on the notations used):
(this scale uses the notes chatushruti rishabham, sadharana gandharam, shuddha madhyamam, shuddha daivatam, kaishiki nishadam )
It is a sampoorna rāgam - rāgam having all 7 swarams . It is the shuddha madhyamam equivalent of Shanmukhapriya , which is the 56th melakarta .
Asampurna Melakarta
Nārīrītigowla is the 20th Melakarta in the original list compiled by Venkatamakhin . The notes used in the scale are the same, but the scales have vakra prayoga (zig-zag usage of notes in the ascending and descending scale).[ 3]
Janya rāgams
Natabhairavi has a number of popular janya rāgams (derived scales) such as Bhairavi ,Nagagandhari ,Saramati , Jaunpuri , Hindolam (sometimes Hindolam is also associated as a Janya of Hanumatodi ), Darbari Kanada and Jayanthasree . See List of janya rāgams for a full list of Natabhairavi's janya rāgams.
Popular compositions
śrī vallī devasenā pate is a popular composition in Natabhairavi , composed by Papanasam Sivan . Parulaseva by Poochi Srinivasa Iyengar is another well known composition in this rāgam. Upacharamu jeseva , in janya ragam Bhairavi composed by Thyagaraja is also popular.
Muthuswami Dikshitar 's composition śrī nīlotpalanāyike is set to Nārīrītigowla .
Film Songs
Song
Movie
Composer
Singer
Unai Allaal Oru
Raja Mukthi
C. R. Subbaraman
M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
Vinnodum Mugilodum
Pudhaiyal
Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy
C. S. Jayaraman , P. Suseela
Mayakkamma Kalakama
Sumaithaangi
P. B. Sreenivas
Nilavukku Enmel Ennadi Kobam
Policekaran Magal
Anubhavam Pudhumai
Kadhalikka Neramillai
P. B. Sreenivas , P. Susheela
Unaku Matum Unaku Matum
Manapanthal
P. Suseela
Ninaikka Therindha
Anandha Jodhi
Ammamma Aadai
Vennira Aadai
Chittu Kuruvi
Puthiya Paravai
Thendral Varum
Palum Pazhamum
Paalum Pazhamum
T. M. Soundararajan
Naan Aanaiyitaal
Enga Veettu Pillai
Koduthellam Koduthaan
Padagotti
Ulagam Pirandhadhu Enakkaga
Paasam
Engalukum Kaalam Varum
Pasamalar
T. M. Soundararajan , P. Susheela
Varathiruparoo(Kuththu Vilakkeria)
Pachhai Vilakku
Poojaiku Vandha Malare
Paadha Kaanikkai
P. B. Sreenivas , S. Janaki
Podhigai Malai Uchiyiley
Thiruvilaiyadal
K. V. Mahadevan
Ondru Serndha Anbu
Makkalai Petra Magarasi
P. B. Sreenivas ,Sarojini
Poonthenil Kalanthu
Enippadigal
S. P. Balasubrahmanyam , P. Susheela
Oru Kodiyil Iru Malargal
Kaanchi Thalaivan
T. M. Soundararajan , P. Suseela
Mayakkamenna
Vasantha Maligai
Naan Paarthadhile
Anbe Vaa
M. S. Viswanathan
Oruvar Meethu
Ninaithadhai Mudippavan
Budhan Yesu Gandhi
Chandhrodhayam
T. M. Soundararajan
Kadavul Thantha
Iru Malargal
P. Suseela , L. R. Eswari
Kaadhalin Pon Veedhiyil
Pookkari
T. M. Soundararajan , S. Janaki
Anbumalargale
Naalai Namadhe
T. M. Soundararajan , S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
Kaatrukenna Velli
Avargal
S. Janaki
Kannan Manam Enna
Vasantha Raagam
Dheivam Thantha Veedu
Aval Oru Thodar Kathai
K. J. Yesudas
Yen Iniya Pon Nilavae
Moodu Pani
Ilaiyaraaja
Aarariroo
Thaaiku Oru Thaalaattu
Neramithu Neramithu
Rishi Moolam
T. M. Soundararajan , P. Susheela
Putham Pudhu Kaalai
Alaigal Oivathillai
S. Janaki
Kannan Vanthu
Rettai Vaal Kuruvi
Manthira Punnagaiyo
Manthira Punnagai
Ooru Sanam Thoongiruchu
Mella Thirandhathu Kadhavu
Raasave Unnai Vida
Aranmanai Kili
Adi Poonguyile
Mano , Minmini
Ilampani Thuli Vizhum Neram
Aaradhanai(1981 Movie)
Manjula Gururaj
Kadavul Ullame
Anbulla Rajinikanth
Latha Rajinikanth & Chorus
Pesa koodathu
Adutha Varisu
S. P. Balasubrahmanyam , P. Susheela
Rasathi Unnai
Vaidehi Kathirunthal
P. Jayachandran
En Jeevan Paduthu
Neethana Andha Kuyil
K. J. Yesudas (ver 1)S. Janaki (ver 2)
Panivizhum Iravu
Mouna Ragam
S. P. Balasubrahmanyam , S. Janaki
Sokkanukku Vaacha
Kaaval Geetham
Pattu Onna
Kumbakarai Thangaiah
Muthumani Muthumani
Adharmam
Sangeetha Megam
Udaya Geetham
S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
Antha Nilava Thaan
Muthal Mariyathai
Ilaiyaraaja , K. S. Chitra
Vetti Veru Vasam
Malaysia Vasudevan , S. Janaki
Aatthu Mettuley
Gramathu Athiyayam
Poombaaraiyil Pottu Vaicha
En Uyir Kannamma
Ilaiyaraaja
O Butterfly
Meera
S. P. Balasubrahmanyam , Asha Bhosle
Andhi Mazhai Megam
Nayakan
T. L. Maharajan , P. Susheela
Sorgathin Vasapadi
Unnai Solli Kutramillai
K. J. Yesudas , K. S. Chithra
Oru Kiliyin
Poovizhi Vasalile
Aasayilae Paathikati
Enga Ooru Kavalkaran
P. Susheela , Mano (Pathos only)
Ival Oru Ilanguruvi(version 1),
Engiruntho (version 2)
Bramma
S. Janaki (version 1), S. P. Balasubrahmanyam (version 2)
Maniyae Manikuyilae
Nadodi Thendral
Mano , S. Janaki
Kadhorum Lolakku(Asaveri Ragam)
Chinna Mapillai
Malaikovil Vasaliley(Asaveri Ragam)
Veera
Mano , Swarnalatha
Sollividu Velli Nilave
Amaidhi Padai
Vetri Vetri(Asaveri Ragam)
Kattumarakaran
S. P. Balasubrahmanyam , K. S. Chithra
Irandum Ondrodu
Panakkaran
Aasaiya Kathula
Johnny
S. P. Sailaja
En Vaanilae
Jency
Kaalai Nera Raagamey
Raasave Unnai Nambi
K. S. Chithra
Thenmadurai Vaigai Nadhi
Dharmathin Thalaivan
S. P. Balasubrahmanyam , Malaysia Vasudevan , P. Susheela
Vaasakari Veppilaiye
Sirayil Pootha Chinna Malar
Arunmozhi , S. Janaki
Muthirai Eppodhu
Uzhaippali
S. P. Balasubrahmanyam , Kavita Krishnamurthy
Suttum Sudar Vizhi
Siraichalai
M. G. Sreekumar , K. S. Chithra , Chorus
Malliga Mottu
Sakthivel
Arunmozhi , Swarnalatha
Nee Partha
Hey Ram
Hariharan , Asha Bhosle
Antha Naal
Adhu Oru Kana Kaalam
Vijay Yesudas , Shreya Ghoshal
Endha Pennilum
Captain Magal
Hamsalekha
S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
Minnalae
May Maadham
A. R. Rahman
Chandralekha
Thiruda Thiruda
Annupamaa , Suresh Peters
Kadhal Sadugudu
Alaipayuthey
S. P. B. Charan , Naveen
Porkalam Ange
Thenali
Srinivas , Gopika Poornima
New York Nagaram
Sillunu Oru Kaadhal
A. R. Rahman
Thalli Pogathey
Achcham Yenbadhu Madamaiyada
Sid Sriram , Dinesh Kanagaratnam , Aparna Narayanan
Naan Un Alaginile
24
Arijit Singh , Chinmayi
Vennilavin Theril
Duet
K. J. Yesudas
Chinna Thangam
Cheran Pandiyan
Soundaryan
Yen Ooru Madurapakkam
Vaasalile Oru Vennila
Deva
Othayadi Paadhayile
Aatha Un Koyilile
S. P. Balasubrahmanyam , Jikki
Chinna Chinna
Senthoorapandi
Mano , Swarnalatha
Sembaruthi Sembaruthi
Vasanthakala Paravai
S. P. Balasubrahmanyam , S. Janaki
Oodha Oodha
Minsara Kanna
Hariharan ,Harini
Malargale Itho Itho
Theeradha Vilaiyattu Pillai (1982)
Shankar–Ganesh
S. P. Balasubrahmanyam , S. P. Sailaja
Pattuvana Rosavam
Kanni Paruvathile
Malaysia Vasudevan , S. Janaki
Kadhal Vaibhogame
Suvarilladha Chiththirangal
Gangai Amaran
Neeradi Vaa Thenrale
Mangai Oru Gangai
Laxmikant–Pyarelal
S. Janaki ,Dinesh,Chorus
Valarum Valarum Nilavu
Paasamalargal
V. S. Narasimhan
S. P. Balasubrahmanyam , Sujatha Mohan
Ullam Ullam Inbathil
Kadhal Enum Nadhiyinile
Manoj–Gyan
P. Jayachandran , K. S. Chithra
Athi Kaalai Kaatre Nillu
Thalaivasal
Bala Bharathi
S. Janaki & chorus
Enakoru Snegidhi
(Ragam Shivaranjani in charanam)
Priyamaanavale
S. A. Rajkumar
Hariharan , Mahalakshmi Iyer
Paarthu Paarthu Kangal
Nee Varuvai Ena
S.P.Balasubrahmanyam (Male Version), K. S. Chithra (Female Version)
Oru Devathai Vanthu Vittaal
Hariharan (Male Vers.),K. S. Chithra (Female Vers.)
Marutha Azhagaro
Sundara Purushan
Sirpy
K. S. Chithra
Kotta Paakkum
Nattamai
Mano , S. Janaki
Pudhu Uravu
Nila Pennae
Vidyasagar
K. J. Yesudas , P. Susheela
Nilave Nilave
Nilaave Vaa
Vijay , Anuradha Sriram
Anbe Sivam
Anbe Sivam
Kamal Haasan , Karthik
Unnai Paartha
Kaadhal Mannan
Bharadwaj
S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
Vaseegara
Minnale
Harris Jayaraj
Bombay Jayashree
Vaigasi Nilavae
Unnale Unnale
Haricharan , Madhushree
Vaarayo Vaarayo
Aadhavan
P. Unnikrishnan , Chinmayi , Megha
Mun Paniyaa
Nandha
Yuvan Shankar Raja
S. P. Balasubrahmanyam , Malgudi Subha
Malargale Malara Vendam
Pudhukottaiyilirundhu Saravanan
Bombay Jayashri
Thuli Thuli Mazhaiyai
Paiyaa
Haricharan , Tanvi Shah
Irava Pagala
Poovellam Kettuppar
Hariharan , Sujatha Mohan
Nilave Nilave Saregama
Periyanna
Bharani
Thirudiya Idhayathai Thiruppi
Paarvai Ondre Podhume
Harish Raghavendra , K. S. Chithra
Kadavul Thanda
Maayavi
Devi Sri Prasad
Kalpana , S. P. B. Charan
Akkam Pakkam
Kireedam
G. V. Prakash Kumar
Sadhana Sargam
Kaathodu Kaathanen
Jail
Dhanush , Aditi Rao Hydari
Oru Killi Oru Killi
Leelai
Satish Chakravarthy
Shreya Ghoshal , Satish Chakravarthy
Jilendru Oru Kalavaram
Satish Chakravarthy
Nee Paartha Vizhigal
3
Anirudh Ravichander
Vijay Yesudas , Shweta Mohan
Kanave Kanave
David
Anirudh Ravichander
So Baby
Doctor
Anirudh Ravichander ,Ananthakrrishnan
Kaathalae Kaathalae
'96
Govind Vasantha
Chinmayi , Kalyani Menon , Govind Vasantha
This section covers the theoretical and scientific aspect of this rāgam.
Natabhairavi's notes when shifted using Graha bhedam , yields 5 other major melakarta rāgams, namely, Kalyani , Sankarabharanam ,
Hanumatodi , Kharaharapriya and Harikambhoji . For further details and an illustration of Graha bhedam of this rāgam refer Graha bhedam on Sankarabharanam .
Even though Natabhairavi has quite evenly spaced swara sthanas (pitch positions, notes) like the other 5 in this group, it has not found as much importance in concerts. One is likely to find Kalyani , Todi , Sankarabharanam and Karaharapriya as the main ragam in concerts, more often than Natabhairavi by a big count.
Except for madhyamam, all other swara prayoga(usage in practice) resemble Shanmukhapriya . Especially, when one uses the notes from panchamam(P) to gandharam(G₂) in ārohaṇa and vice versa in Avarohana, this ragam can be easily confused to be Shanmukhapriya while actually.
Notes
^ Alternate notations:Hindustani: S R G̱ M P Ḏ Ṉ Ṡ Western: C D E♭ F G A♭ B♭ C
^ Alternate notations:Hindustani: Ṡ Ṉ Ḏ P M G̱ R S Western: C B♭ A♭ G F E♭ D C
^ Alternate notations:Hindustani: S G̱ R G̱ M Ṉ Ḏ M Ṉ Ṉ Ṡ Western: C E♭ D E♭ F B♭ A♭ F B♭ B♭ C
^ Alternate notations:Hindustani: Ṡ Ṉ Ḏ M G̱ M P M G̱ R S Western: C B♭ A♭ F E♭ F G F E♭ D C
^ a b Ragas in Carnatic music by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications
^ Raganidhi by P. Subba Rao, Pub. 1964, The Music Academy of Madras
^ a b Sri Muthuswami Dikshitar Keertanaigal by Vidwan A Sundaram Iyer, Pub. 1989, Music Book Publishers, Mylapore, Chennai
Shuddha Madhyama Ragas
Indu chakraNetra chakra Agni chakra Veda chakra Bana chakra Ritu chakra
Prati Madhyama Ragas