Parthenius or Parthenios (Greek: Παρθένιος) may refer to:
People
- Parthenius of Nicaea (1st-century BC–14 AD), Greek grammarian and poet
- Saint Parthenius (died 4th-century, Rome), Armenian saint and martyr from Rome, who suffered martyrdom during the reign of Decius
- Hierarch Parthenius of Lampsacus, bishop of Lampsacus in the 4th century, Greek Orthodox patron saint of cancer patients
- One of several Greek Patriarchs of Alexandria
- One of several Ecumenical Patriarchs of Constantinople
- The chief chamberlain of Domitian (died 96)
Geography
- A river which is now named Bartın River in northern Anatolia
- Bartın, a city in Turkey
- Mount Parthenion, Greece