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Image:Water Tower Chicago Illinois USA.jpg|The [[Chicago Water Tower]], located at the heart of the [[Magnificent Mile]], is the [[Chicago Convention and Tourism Bureau]] Visitor's Welcome Center |
Image:Water Tower Chicago Illinois USA.jpg|The [[Chicago Water Tower]], located at the heart of the [[Magnificent Mile]], is the [[Chicago Convention and Tourism Bureau]] Visitor's Welcome Center |
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Image:ChicagoBuildings1004.jpg|[[Marina City]] Apartments and Offices designed by [[Bertrand Goldberg]] |
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Image:2004-08-16 800x2400 chicago sears tower.jpg|[[Sears Tower]] |
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==National Historic Landmarks not designated Chicago Landmarks== |
==National Historic Landmarks not designated Chicago Landmarks== |
Revision as of 01:52, 16 May 2007
Chicago Landmark is a designation of the Mayor of Chicago and the Chicago City Council for historic buildings and other sites in Chicago, Illinois. Listed sites are selected after meeting a combination of criteria, including historical, economic, architectural, artistic, cultural, and social values. Once a site is designated as a landmark, it is subject to the Chicago Landmarks Ordinance, which requires that any alterations beyond routine maintenance, up to and including demolition, must have their permit reviewed by the Landmarks Commission.[1] Many Chicago Landmarks also are listed on the National Register of Historic Places or as National Historical Landmarks, providing federal oversight and protection.
Criteria
The Mayor and the City Council appoint a nine member Commission on Chicago Landmarks to develop landmark recommendations in accordance with a 1968 Chicago city ordinance.[2] The commission considers areas, districts, places, buildings, structures, works of art, and other objects within the City of Chicago for nomination based solely on whether each meets two or more of the following criteria:[3]
- Its value as an example of the architectural, cultural, economic, historic, social, or other aspect of the heritage of the City of Chicago, State of Illinois, or the United States;
- Its location as a site of a significant historic event which may or may not have taken place within or involved the use of any existing improvements;
- Its identification with a person or persons who significantly contributed to architectural, cultural, economic, historic, social, or other aspect of the development of the City of Chicago, State of Illinois, or the United States;
- Its exemplification of an architectural type or style distinguished by innovation, rarity, uniqueness, or overall quality of design, detail, materials or craftsmanship;
- Its identification as the work of an architect, designer, engineer, or builder whose individual work is significant in the history or development of the City of Chicago, the State of Illinois, or the United States;
- Its representation of an architectural, cultural, economic, historic, social, or other theme expressed through distinctive areas, districts, places, buildings, structures, works of art, or other objects that may or may not be contiguous;
- Its unique location or distinctive physical appearance or presence representing an established and familiar visual feature of a neighborhood, community, or the City of Chicago.
Once the commission has determined that a candidate meets at least two of the above criteria, the group may provide a preliminary landmark designation if the candidate "has a significant historic, community, architectural or aesthetic interest or value, the integrity of which is preserved in light of its location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, and ability to express such historic, community, architectural or aesthetic interest or value."[4]
History
In Chicago, the historic preservation movement initially sought to ensure the survival of individual buildings of special significance.[5] However, the movement has evolved to include districts and neighborhoods and even encompasses distinctive areas of the natural environment.[5] Preservation is now an integral element of urban planning and design.[5] Three trends led to popular support of the formalization of the movement in response to extensive and far reaching destruction of Chicago's environment:
- government-sponsored “urban renewal”, which had resulted in wholesale destruction of some residential areas;
- construction of high-speed, limited-access expressways financed largely by federal highway funds, which slashed through neighborhoods; and
- the real-estate boom in response to the demand for increased office space in the Loop.[5]
In 1957, Chicago City Council 5th ward Alderman Leon Despres began the landmark preservation movement in Chicago, by adopting the Frank Lloyd Wright Robie House.[6][7] This led to the formation of the City Landmarks Commission, who chose 39 buildings as "honorary" landmarks.[6] That body evolved into the present Commission on Chicago Landmarks which was empowered by Despres's 1968 city ordinance to select and protect 12 important buildings as the inaugural official Chicago Landmarks.[6] Although the movement was unable to save either Louis Sullivan's Garrick Theater in 1960 or Sullivan's Chicago Stock Exchange Building in 1972, the efforts spawned the Landmarks Preservation Council of Illinois in addition to the municipal Commission.[6]
National recognition
Many landmarks have been designated with National Historic Landmark status by the United States Secretary of the Interior for historical significance. Also many districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects worthy of preservation by the National Park Service have been listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Not all Chicago Landmarks have been designated National Historic Landmarks, and not all National Historic Landmarks have been designated Chicago Landmarks. No Chicago Landmarks are classified as any other type of National Park System protected area including National Parks, National Monuments, or National Preserves. The charts below detail all designations.
List of landmarks
-
35 East Wacker once housed a 22-story car lift
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The Chicago Theatre was preserved in a four year battle involving the Landmarks Preservation Council of Illinois
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The Wigwam Building/Sauganash Hotel Chicago Landmark plaque
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Buckingham Fountain was the starting point for The Amazing Race 6
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Chicago Cultural Center, as the nation's first free municipal cultural center, is one of Chicago's top 10 tourist attractions
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The Essanay Film Manufacturing Company building was a legendary silent film studio
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Carrie Eliza Getty Tomb is an architectural treasure of Graceland Cemetery
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Though closed in 1971, Dearborn Station is the oldest surviving railway building in downtown Chicago
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The Manhattan Building (right) is the oldest surviving skyscraper in the world to use a purely skeletal supporting structure
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Marquette Building was recently restored by the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur FoundationMarquette Building was recently restored by the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation
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Michigan Avenue Bridge was once the main link of the North and South sides of Chicago across the Chicago River
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Monadnock Building is one of the tallest masonry load-bearing wall structures in the world
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The Museum of Science and Industry building once housed the Field Museum of Natural History
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Navy Pier was built as part of The Plan of Chicago
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The Robie House is a Frank Lloyd Wright design
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Washington Square Park is pictured with Newberry Library in the backgroundWashington Square Park is pictured with Newberry Library in the background
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The Chicago Water Tower, located at the heart of the Magnificent Mile, is the Chicago Convention and Tourism Bureau Visitor's Welcome CenterThe Chicago Water Tower, located at the heart of the Magnificent Mile, is the Chicago Convention and Tourism Bureau Visitor's Welcome Center
-
Marina City Apartments and Offices designed by Bertrand Goldberg
National Historic Landmarks not designated Chicago Landmarks
Notes
- ^ Questions and Answers for Owners of Proposed Chicago Landmarks
- ^ "General Information". CityofChicago.org. Retrieved 2007-04-13.
- ^ "Municipal Code of Chicago, IL: 2-120-620 Landmarks--Criteria for designation". American Legal Publishing Corporation. 2007. Retrieved 2007-04-13.
- ^ "Municipal Code of Chicago, IL: 2-120-630 Landmarks--Preliminary recommendation". American Legal Publishing Corporation. 2007. Retrieved 2007-04-13.
- ^ a b c d Sciacchitano, Barbara (2005). "Historic Preservation". Electronic Encyclopedia of Chicago. Chicago Historical Society. Retrieved 2007-04-14.
- ^ a b c d "First Annual Preservation Award to Marian and Leon Despres in February, 2005". Hyde Park Historical Society. Retrieved 2007-04-13.
- ^ Wilogren, Jodi (2005-05-31). "Age 97, and Still at War With the Old Daley Machine". New York Times. The New York Times Company. Retrieved 2007-04-13.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
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was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
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was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
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was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
NPSNRHP
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "Adler Planetarium". National Park Service. Retrieved 2007-04-16.
- ^ "Columbus Park". National Park Service. Retrieved 2007-04-16.
- ^ "Compton, Arthur H., House". National Park Service. Retrieved 2007-04-16.
- ^ "DePriest, Oscar Stanton, House". National Park Service. Retrieved 2007-04-16.
- ^ "Du Sable, Jean Baptiste Point, Homesite". National Park Service. Retrieved 2007-04-16.
- ^ "Fort King Site". National Park Service. Retrieved 2007-04-16.
- ^ "Lillie, Frank R., House". National Park Service. Retrieved 2007-04-16.
- ^ "Millikan, Robert A., House". National Park Service. Retrieved 2007-04-16.
- ^ "Orchestra Hall". National Park Service. Retrieved 2007-04-16.
- ^ "Room 405, George Herbert Jones Laboratory". National Park Service. Retrieved 2007-04-16.
- ^ "Shedd Aquarium". National Park Service. Retrieved 2007-04-16.
- ^ "U-505 (German Submarine)". National Park Service. Retrieved 2007-04-16.
- ^ "Williams, Daniel Hale, House". National Park Service. Retrieved 2007-04-16.