AREX | |
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Overview | |
Type | passenger |
Termini | Seoul Station Incheon International Airport Station |
Stations | 9 (10 from 2011) |
Website | KORAIL AIRPORT RAILROAD |
Operation | |
Opened | Phase 1: March 23, 2007 Phase 2: December 29, 2010 |
Owner | Korail Airport Railroad Co., Ltd. |
Operator(s) | Korail Airport Railroad Co., Ltd. |
Technical | |
Line length | 61.7 km (38.3 mi) |
Track gauge | 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) |
Electrification | 25 kV/60 Hz AC catenary |
Operating speed | 120 km/h (75 mph) 180 km/h (112 mph) (2012) |
AREX | |
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Hangul | 공항철도 |
Hanja | 空港鐵道 |
Revised Romanization | Gonghang Cheoldo |
McCune–Reischauer | Konghang Ch'ŏlto |
AREX, spelled A'REX as a brand name, is a South Korean railway line that links Seoul with Gimpo Airport and Incheon International Airport. The section between the two airports opened on March 23, 2007, the extension to Seoul Station opened December 29, 2010. The line was built and operated by a private company, but after financial difficulties, South Korean national rail operator Korail bought a majority stake (88.8%) and the operating company was renamed Korail Airport Railroad Co., Ltd..
Contents |
History
Phase 1
The line was initially announced in July 1998 as the Incheon International Airport Railroad (인천국제공항철도), abbreviated IREX.[1] The project was launched as South Korea's first build-operate-transfer (BOT) franchise.[1] The concession was won by a consortium of 11 Korean companies, which incorporated as the Incheon International Airport Railroad Company (Iiarco) in March 2001.[1] The original main shareholders were Hyundai (27%), POSCO (11.9%), Daelim (10%), Dongbu (10%) and the Korean National Railroad (9.9%).[1]
After significant delays, construction of the line started in 2001,[2] after the opening of Incheon Airport. About 60% of the line is underground, and reaches Yeongjong Island, which hosts Incheon International Airport, on the lower deck of Yeongdong Bridge, a combined road-rail bridge.[1] Iiarco contracted project management, the supply of equipment and trains, altogether worth about €400 million, to Incheon Korean French Consortium (IKFC), a consortium including French company Alstom, its South Korean subsidiary Eukorail, and the South Korean rolling stock manufacturing company Rotem, which also supplied the technology for the KTX high-speed rail system.[1]
The line and the operating company was renamed AREX in June 2006. The first 37.6 km (23.4 mi) segment from Incheon International Airport Station to Gimpo International Airport Station opened on March 23, 2007.[3]
In March 2009, Korail acquired a 88.8% share of the company.[4] Upon the acquisition, the operating company changed its name to Korail Airport Railroad as of November 30, 2009.
Phase 2
Phase 2 of the line is from Gimpo International Airport Station to Seoul Station, which increased the length to 58 km (36 mi).[5] Including a depot section, the full length of the line is 61.7 km (38.3 mi).[6] At Gimpo Airport the line is underground and heads north-east and rises to the surface to cross the Han River on a new bridge. The line descends into a tunnel and curves to the east. The line was built in a cut and cover tunnel running parallel to Susaek Station and Gajwa Station before connecting with Hongik University and Gongdeok-dong before emerging aboveground on the west side of Seoul Station. The second phase opened for regular service on December 29, 2010,[7] with the exception of Gongdeok Station, which will open at the end of 2011.[8]
Further extensions and improvements
The city of Incheon has requested that AREX add three new stations, tentatively named Cheongna, Yeongjong and Yongyu. The stations were originally planned to open with the second phase of the line, but were delayed due to delays in the real estate development projects the stations are to serve.[9] Cheongna station, located on the mainland near the coast west of Gyeyang, is planned to open in 2012.[9] Yeongjong station, located near the eastern part of the airport island, and Yongyu station, located at the current temporary base west of the airport, near the western beach of the island, are scheduled to be opened in 2014.[9]
Earlier plans to link Yongsan Station have been dropped. For through KTX and Seoul Subway Line 9 services from 2012, the AREX line is to be commissioned for 180 km/h (112 mph).[10] On September 1, 2010, the South Korean government announced a strategic plan to reduce travel times from Seoul to 95% of the country to under 2 hours by 2020. As part of the plan, the AREX line is to be further upgraded for 230 km/h (143 mph).[11]
Incheon International Airport has a plan to build a second passenger terminal located in north area of the airport by 2020. The AREX line would be extend to the second passenger terminal.
Rolling stock
AREX operates two types of trains, one for commuter and one for express services, both supplied by Rotem.[1] Three 1000 series express trains and nine 2000 series commuter trains were delivered for phase 1 of the project,[1][12] and original plans foresaw a doubling of their numbers for the second phase.[1]
Both trains are six-car electric multiple units, which can be expanded to eight cars in the future.[1] End cars and the fourth car are trailers, the second, third and fifth car are powered.[12] The trains have a design speed of 120 km/h (75 mph), but are operated at a maximum 110 km/h (68 mph) on surface tracks and a maximum 100 km/h (62 mph) in tunnels.[12] Each car has a length of 19.95 m (65.5 ft) and a width of 3.12 m (10.2 ft), with a carbody made of aluminum.[1] The commuter version has four pairs of sliding doors on each side of each car, the express version has two pairs of sliding doors on each side of each car.[12]
Express trains have 272 comfortable seats with armrests[12] in 2+2 configuration, overhead luggage shelves[13] and additional luggage racks.[12] Passenger compartments are separated from door areas and from transitions between cars by transparent sliding doors.[12] Commuter trains are similar to subway trains with seats along the walls and do not have overhead shelves,[13] offering seating for 282 passengers and standing room for 630 passengers.[12] There are no separating doors, transitions between cars are open.[12] Both train types offer disabled seats and are equipped with LCD screens for passenger information,[12] including flight arrivals and departures.[13]
Operation
Services
Both express and commuter services are operated. With the opening of the first phase, journeys from Incheon International Airport to Gimpo International Airport took 28 on express services and 33 minutes on commuter services. Following the opening of the second phase, Seoul–Incheon International Airport travel time on half-hourly express services is 43 minutes; while commuter services, which run at a frequency of up to one train every 6 minutes, take 53 minutes.[8] This competes against a travel time of 70 minutes on buses, 60 minutes on taxis, and 60 minutes with private car.[8] Airline passengers can check in at a western annex of Seoul Station.[13]
The AREX line is shown in blue on Seoul subway maps, but was originally not considered part of the subway network. With the majority buyout by a company that operates many subway lines (Korail), however, this has changed. There are now free transfers for Line 5, Line 9, and Incheon Subway Line 1.
From 2011, the AREX line is to be used by Seoul Subway Line 9 trains via a direct connection at Gimpo Airport Station, providing a through service from Incheon International Airport to the Gangnam area, with a travel time of about one hour.
KTX
With the completion of the second phase in 2010, AREX is anticipated to see increase in passengers by facilitating KTX–international flight connections at Seoul Station. From 2012, Korail plans to run some through KTX services to Incheon International Airport,[11] using the AREX line from Digital Media City. The planned travel time is 2 hours 41 minutes to Busan and 3 hours to Gwangju.[10]
Fares
After the opening of the first phase, in 2007, a ticket for a ride from Gimpo International Airport to Incheon International Airport cost ₩3,100, both on commuter and express services.[14] This fare increased in steps to ₩3,500 by the end of 2010,[15] then was reduced to ₩3,300 for commuter trains when the second phase opened.[16] The fare for express services, which travel the full Seoul–Incheon International Airport distance non-stop from the opening of the second phase in December 2010, was set at ₩13,300; while the fare for commuter services on the full distance was set at ₩3,700.[8] This competes against a price of around ₩10,000 on buses, ₩67,500 on taxis, and about ₩15,500 with private car.[8]
Ridership
After the opening of the first phase, ridership has been far below expectations. Actual ridership in 2008 was around 16,000 passengers/day, or only around 7% of the forecast 230,000, necessitating subsidies of ₩166 billion.[17] Hyundai had originally forecast ridership of up to 490,000/day when the link to Seoul Station is completed.[17]
Ridership was expected to rise significantly after the start of service on the second phase of the line to Seoul Station. Already in the first week, average daily ridership more than doubled, from 27,210 to 58,000.[18] Ridership is expected to rise to 70,000 in February 2011 with the start of the semester at Hongik University.[18] A further ridership increase is expected later in 2011 with the start of direct trains from Seoul Subway Line 9.
Stations
Station | Stopping pattern | Connecting services | Distance | Location | |||||
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# | Name (Hangul, Hanja) |
Commuter 일반 |
Express 직통 |
Station (km) |
Line (km) |
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A01 | Seoul (서울) |
O | O | Line 1 Line 4 Gyeongui KTX | - | 0.0 | Yongsan-gu | Seoul | |
A02 | Gongdeok (December 2011) (공덕, 孔德) |
| | | | Line 5 Line 6 Gyeongui (2012) | |||||
A03 | Hongik University (홍대입구, 弘大入口) |
O | | | Line 2 Gyeongui (2012) | 6.1 | 6.1 | Mapo-gu | ||
A04 | Digital Media City (디지털미디어시티) |
O | | | Line 6 Gyeongui | 3.4 | 9.5 | Eunpyeong-gu | ||
A05 | Gimpo International Airport (김포공항, 金浦空港) |
O | | | Line 5 Line 9 | 10.9 | 20.4 | Gangseo-gu | ||
A06 | Gyeyang (계양, 桂陽) |
O | | | Incheon Line 1 | 6.6 | 27.0 | Gyeyang-gu | Incheon | |
A07 | Geomam (검암, 黔岩) |
O | | | Incheon Subway Line 2 (August 2014) | 5.5 | 32.5 | Seo-gu | ||
Cheongna (planned) (청라, 靑羅) |
| | | | |||||||
Yeongjong (planned) (영종, 永宗) |
| | | | Jung-gu | ||||||
A08 | Unseo (운서, 雲西) |
O | | | 18.6 | 51.1 | ||||
A09 | Incheon International Airport Cargo Terminal (공항화물청사, 空港貨物廳舍) |
O | | | 4.3 | 55.4 | ||||
A10 | Incheon International Airport (인천국제공항, 仁川國際空港) |
O | O | KTX (2012) | 2.6 | 58.0 | |||
Yongyu (planned) (용유, 龍游) |
3.7 | 61.7 | |||||||
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Knutton, Mike (May 2004). "Korea's first airport railway to open in 2007". International Railway Journal. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0BQQ/is_5_44/ai_n6054140/. Retrieved 2010-12-30.
- ^ Chris Jackson (2007-05-01). "Seoul's airport rail link takes off". Railway Gazette International. http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view//seouls-airport-rail-link-takes-off.html.
- ^ "Gimpo-Incheon airport rail opens". Korea Herald. 2007-03-24. https://www.koreaherald.co.kr/SITE/data/html_dir/2007/03/24/200703240003.asp. Retrieved 2007-03-23.
- ^ http://www.hani.co.kr/arti/economy/economy_general/347119.html
- ^ "South Korea to open airport railway next month". The Independent. 2010-11-08. http://www.independent.co.uk/travel/news-and-advice/south-korea-to-open-airport-railway-next-month-2128227.html. Retrieved 2010-12-30.
- ^ "인천국제공항철도 건설". Korea Rail Network Authority. http://www.krnetwork.or.kr/service/condition/RouteMapView.do?PA_MAP_ID=12377. Retrieved 2010-10-24.
- ^ "To the airport in just 43 minutes". The Dong-a Ilbo. 2010-12-30. http://english.donga.com/srv/service.php3?biid=2010123087848. Retrieved 2010-12-30.
- ^ a b c d e "Railway Linking Seoul Station and Incheon Airport Opens". The Chosun Ilbo. 2010-12-29. http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2010/12/29/2010122900856.html. Retrieved 2010-12-30.
- ^ a b c "공항철도 3개역 추가건설 연기" (in Korean). The Dong-a Ilbo. 2009-07-02. http://news.donga.com/fbin/output?f=b0_&n=200907020290. Retrieved 2011-01-06.
- ^ a b "공항철도, KTX, 지하철 9호선과 직결 활성화 시킨다" (in Korean). The Korea Electric Times. 2010-09-30. http://www.electimes.com/home/news/main/viewmain.jsp?news_uid=78391. Retrieved 2010-10-30.
- ^ a b "Bullet trains coming to a town near you by 2020". JoongAng Daily. 2010-09-02. http://joongangdaily.joins.com/article/view.asp?aid=2925474. Retrieved 2010-10-27.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j "일반ㆍ직통열차" (in Korean). AREX. http://www.arex.or.kr/jsp/advert/train.jsp. Retrieved 2010-12-30.
- ^ a b c d "On opening day, airport express trip’s a breeze". JoongAng Daily. 2010-12-30. http://joongangdaily.joins.com/article/view.asp?aid=2930308. Retrieved 2010-12-30.
- ^ "Fare". AREX. Archived from the original on 2007-06-25. http://web.archive.org/web/20070625054410/http://www.arex.or.kr/jsp/eng/fare/fare.jsp. Retrieved 2010-12-30.
- ^ "코레일공항철도 운임100원 인상" (in Korean). AREX. 2010-08-27. http://www.arex.or.kr/jsp/board/news_list.jsp?num=260&mode=view. Retrieved 2010-12-30.
- ^ "Fare". AREX. http://www.arex.or.kr/jsp/eng/fare/fare.jsp. Retrieved 2010-12-30.
- ^ a b http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/opinon/2009/09/137_51601.html
- ^ a b "서울역 ‘도심속 공항’ 탈바꿈" (in Korean). Korail. 2011-01-13. http://news.korail.com/main/php/search_view.php?idx=18893. Retrieved 2011-01-18.
External links
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