See also: Index of biochemistry articles
Biochemistry is the study of the chemical processes and transformations in living organisms, including the structure and function of cellular components, such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and other biomolecules.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to biochemistry:
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Essence of biochemistry
Main article: Biochemistry
Biochemistry is the science deals with chemical composition and its reactions, happening in the living cells of organisms, such as mammals, vertebrates, plants and all living organisms.
Branches of biochemistry
Main Branches
- Animal Biochemistry
- Plant Biochemistry
- Molecular Biology
- Cell Biology
- Metabolism
- Immunology
- Genetics
- Enzymology
Other branches
Biotechnology, Bioluminescence, Molecular chemistry, Enzymatic Chemistry, Genetic engineering, Pharmaceuticals, Endocrinology, Cytology, Hematology, Nutrition and Photosynthesis
History of biochemistry
- Main article: History of biochemistry
General biochemistry concepts
- Major categories of bio-compounds:
- Carbohydrates : sugar -- disaccharide -- polysaccharide -- starch -- glycogen
- Lipids : fatty acid -- fats -- essential oils -- oils -- waxes -- cholesterol
- Nucleic acids : DNA -- RNA -- mRNA -- tRNA -- rRNA -- codon -- adenosine -- cytosine -- guanine -- thymine -- uracil
- Proteins :
- amino acid -- glycine -- arginine -- lysine
- peptide -- primary structure -- secondary structure -- tertiary structure -- conformation -- protein folding
- Chemical properties:
- molecular bond -- covalent bond -- ionic bond -- hydrogen bond -- ester -- ethyl
- molecular charge -- hydrophilic -- hydrophobic -- polar
- pH -- acid -- alkaline -- base
- oxidation -- reduction -- hydrolysis
- Structural compounds:
- Enzymes and enzyme activity:
- Membranes : fluid mosaic model -- diffusion -- osmosis
- phospholipids -- glycolipid -- glycocalyx -- antigen -- isoprene
- ion channel -- proton pump -- electron transport -- ion gradient -- antiporter -- symporter -- quinone -- riboflavin
- Energy pathways :
- pigments : chlorophyll -- carotenoids -- xanthophyll -- cytochrome -- phycobilin -- bacteriorhodopsin -- hemoglobin -- myoglobin -- absorption spectrum -- action spectrum -- fluorescence
- Photosynthesis : light reaction -- dark reaction
- Fermentation : Acetyl-CoA -- lactic acid
- Cellular respiration : Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) -- NADH -- pyruvate -- oxalate -- citrate
- Chemosynthesis
- Regulation
- hormones : auxin
- signal transduction -- growth factor -- transcription factor -- protein kinase -- SH3 domain
- Malfunctions : tumor -- oncogene -- tumor suppressor gene
- Receptors : Integrin -- transmembrane receptor -- ion channel
- Techniques : electrophoresis -- chromatography -- mass spectrometry -- x-ray diffraction -- Southern blot -- fractionation -- Gram stain -- Surface Plasmon Resonance -- Microscale Thermophoresis
External links
- The Virtual Library of Biochemistry and Cell Biology
- Biochemistry, 5th ed. Full text of Berg, Tymoczko, and Stryer, courtesy of NCBI.
- Biochemistry, 2nd ed. Full text of Garrett and Grisham.
- Costa Rican Biotechnology Society
- Cell Biochemistry
- Biochemistry (the scientific journal)
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