Fuzhou 福州 |
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— Prefecture-level city — | |
福州市 | |
from top, left to right: Black Pagoda of Fuzhou, White Pagoda of Fuzhou; the traditional Foochow-style gate of a mansion, fireproof wall and facade decoration in the Three Lanes and Seven Alleys in Fuzhou; City skyline of Fuzhou | |
Location of Fuzhou Prefecture within Fujian | |
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Coordinates: 26°04′34″N 119°18′23″E / 26.07611°N 119.30639°ECoordinates: 26°04′34″N 119°18′23″E / 26.07611°N 119.30639°E | |
Country | China |
Province | Fujian |
Divisions - County-level |
5 districts, 6 counties, & 2 County-level cities |
Government | |
- CPC Ctte Secretary | Yuan Rongxiang |
Area | |
- Prefecture-level city | 12,000 km2 (4,634 sq mi) |
Population (2009)[1] | |
- Prefecture-level city | 6,870,000 |
- Density | 573/km2 (1,483/sq mi) |
- Urban | 1,860,000 |
- Urban density | 776/km2 (2,009/sq mi) |
Time zone | China Standard Time (UTC+8) |
Postal code | 350000 |
Area code(s) | 591 |
GDP | 2009[1] |
- Total | CNY 252.428 billion (USD 36.98 billion) |
- Per capita | CNY 36,851 (USD 5,398) |
- Growth | ![]() |
License plate prefixes | 闽A |
Local dialect | Fuzhou dialect of the Eastern Min Language |
Website | Fuzhou.gov.cn |
Fuzhou | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Chinese | 福州 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Literal meaning | blessing state or Capital of Fu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Fuzhou (Chinese: 福州; pinyin: Fúzhōu, [fǔt͡ʂóʊ̯] ( listen); Fuzhou dialect: Hók-ciŭ) is the capital and one of the largest city in Fujian province, People's Republic of China. Along with the many counties of Ningde, those of Fuzhou are considered to constitute the Mindong (闽东, lit. East of Fujian) linguistic and cultural area.
Fuzhou's core counties lie on the north (or left) bank of the estuary of Fujian's largest river, the Min River. All along its northern border lies Ningde, and Ningde's Gutian County lies upriver. Fuzhou's counties south of the Min border on Putian, Quanzhou, Sanming and Nanping municipalities.
Contents |
Etymology and names
EFEO: Fou-Tcheou; also seen as Foochow, Fuchow, Fuh-chau, Fuh-Chow, Hock Chew or Hokchew in earlier Western documents
The city is also referred to as Rongcheng (榕城; Foochow Romanized: Ṳ̀ng-siàng) which means "city of banyan trees".
History
The exact foundation date of the city is not known. The province's pre-Han history is sketchy: it is known that the Yue Kingdom (in present-day Zhejiang, to the north) fell to that of the Chu in 306 BC; the legend is that a branch of the Yue royal family fled south to found upon the natives the reign of the Minyue (闽越). During the ensuing century of independence from central China, their major centre was not here but far up the Min watershed in Wuyishan City.
The first city wall of Fuzhou was built in 202 BC when Liu Bang, the founding emperor of the Han Dynasty, gave permission to Wuzhu (无诸), the king of Minyue, to set up his capital in Fuzhou. The city was named Ye (冶), meaning "the beautiful". The city name has changed many times, but the city itself has been continuously occupied since 202 BC and has never suffered major destruction by wars or natural disasters.
The Minyue was annexed by Han in 110 BC.
Han Dynasty to Song Dynasty
Under the Han, Fuzhou became Ye County.
During the Jin Dynasty, West Lake, East Lake (now silted up) and numerous canals in the city were constructed (282 AD). When the Jin Dynasty collapsed, the first wave of immigrants of the gentile class arrived in Fujian (308 AD).
Hualin Temple in the original Ye city, which has been declared a national heritage site, was built in 964 AD according to documentation, but was carbon-dated to the 4th or 5th century AD. It is likely the oldest existing wooden structure in China.
During the Tang Dynasty (725 AD), the city started to be called Fuzhou.
More immigrants arrived from the north starting from 892 as the Tang Dynasty was collapsing. After the Tang Dynasty fell in 907, the Wang family managed to establish a kingdom called Min (909 – 945) with its capital in Fuzhou, then known as Changle. Min is still used as another name for the province of Fujian, in names of region such as Minnan, and the river that runs through Fuzhou is called Min Jiang. Most of Min was subsequently conquered by Southern Tang for a short while before they were incorporated into the Song Dynasty. The Min court subsequently declared allegiance to Wuyue. Thus Fuzhou was incorporated as the thirteenth zhou of Wuyue before it surrendered to the Song.
New city walls were built in 282 AD, 901 AD, 905 AD, and 974 AD, so the city had many layers of walls — more so than the Chinese capital.
Emperor Taizong of the Song Dynasty (宋) ordered the destruction of all the walls in Fuzhou in 978 AD but new walls were rebuilt later. The latest was built in 1371 AD.
During the Southern Song Dynasty, Fuzhou became more prosperous; many scholars came to live and work. Among them were Zhu Xi (朱熹), the most celebrated Chinese philosopher after Confucius, and Xin Qiji (辛弃疾), the greatest composer of the ci form of poetry.
Mongolian Yuan Dynasty
Marco Polo, an Italian guest of the Emperor Kubilai, transcribed, after the conventions of Italian orthography, the place name as Fugiu. This was not the local Min pronunciation but that of the Mandarin administrative class.
Ming Dynasty
Between 1405 and 1433 AD, a fleet of the Ming Imperial navy under Admiral Zheng He sailed from Fuzhou to the Indian Ocean seven times; on three occasions the fleet landed on the east coast of Africa. Before the last sailing, Zheng erected a stele dedicated to the goddess Tian-Fei (Matsu) near the seaport.
Galeote Pereira, a Portuguese soldier and trader, was taken prisoner during the pirate extermination campaign of 1549 and imprisoned in Fuzhou. Later transferred to a form of internal exile elsewhere in the province, Pereira escaped to Macau in 1553. The record of his experiences in the Ming Empire, logged by the Jesuits at Goa in 1561, was the first non-clerical account of China to reach the West since Polo's.[2]
Qing Dynasty
In the 19th century, Lin Zexu, born in Fuzhou, a high-ranking official of Qing Dynasty, led an attempt to resist British colonialism at Guangzhou. Unsuccessful and reviled by the East India Company, he was internally exiled to Xinjiang near the Russian border. By the 1842 peace treaty which concluded the Opium War I, Fuzhou became one of the five Chinese treaty ports, and it became completely open to Western merchants and missionaries.
Fuzhou was one of the most important Protestant mission fields in China. On January 2, 1846, the first Protestant missionary, Rev. Stephen Johnson from ABCFM, entered the city and soon set up the first missionary station there. ABCFM was followed by the Methodist Episcopal Missionary Society that was led by Revs. M. C. White and J. D. Collins, who reached Fuzhou in early September 1847. The Church Missionary Society also arrived in the city in May 1850. These three Protestant agencies remained in Fuzhou until the communists' takeover of mainland China in the 1950s, leaving a rich heritage in Fuzhou's Protestant culture.
On August 23, 1884, the Battle of Fuzhou broke out between the French Far East Fleet and the Fujian Fleet of the Qing Dynasty. As the result, the Fujian Fleet, one of the four Chinese regional fleets, was destroyed completely in Mawei Harbor.
Engravings and photos
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Zhongzhou Island (中洲岛), first Methodist Episcopal Mission premises in China.
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Scenery of River Min, west of the southern suburbs of Fuzhou, ca. 1850.
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St. John's Church, 1880.
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1800s painting of the France and Qing naval battle in Fuzhou.
Republic of China
On November 8, 1911, revolutionaries staged an uprising in Fuzhou. After an overnight street battle, the Qing (Manchu) army surrendered.
Revolutionary Republic
On November 22, 1933, Eugene Chen and the leaders of the National Revolutionary Army's 19th Army set up the short-lived People's Revolutionary Government of Republican China (中華共和國人民革命政府).[3] Blockaded by Chiang Kai-shek and left to twist in the wind by the nearby Soviet Republic of China, the PRGRC collapsed within two months.
Japanese Occupation
With the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese War in 1937, hostilities commenced in Fujian Province. Xiamen (Amoy) fell to a Japanese landing force on May 13, 1938. "The fall of Amoy instantly threatened the security of Foochow. On May 23, enemy (Japanese) ships bombarded Mei-hua, Huang-chi and Pei-chiao while enemy planes continued to harass our forces. Between May 31 and June 1, our gunboats "Fu-ning", "Chen-ning" and "Suming" defending the blockade line in the estuary of the Min River were successively bombed and sunk. Meanwhile, our ship "Chu-tai" berthed at Nan-tai was damaged. Our Navy's Harbor Command School, barracks, shipyard, hospital and marine barracks at Ma-wei were successively bombed." (4). Fuzhou is recorded as having fallen to Japanese forces in 1938. (5).
The extent of Japanese command and control of the city of Fuzhou itself as opposed to the port at Mawei and the Min River Estuary is uncertain. By 1941 (date unknown), the city is recorded as having returned to Nationalist control. The British Consulate in Fuzhou is noted as operational from 1941-1944 after the United Kingdom Declaration of War on Japan in December 1941. Western visitors to Fuzhou in the period 1941-1944 include the Australian journalist Wilfred Burchett in 1942 (6). and the British scientist Dr Joseph Needham in May, 1944. (7). Both visitors record the presence of a British Consul and a Fuzhou Club comprising western businessmen.
In 'Bomb, Book & Compass', author Simon Winchester relates the visit of Dr Needham in 1944. Needham encountered the American government agent (John Caldwell) and the British SIS agent (Murray MacLehose working under cover as the British Vice-Consul in Fuzhou) involved in aid to the Nationalist resistance to Japanese forces in Fujian Province. (8).
As part of Operation Ichi-Go (1944), the last large-scale Japanese offensive in China in World War 2, the Japanese intended to isolate Fuzhou and the Fujian Province corridor to Nationalist forces in western china and the wartime capital of Chongqing. One account of the Japanese re-taking of Fuzhou city itself is narrated by American naval officer, Houghton Freeman. (9). The date is given as October 5, 1944. (10).
Fuzhou remained under Japanese control until the surrender of Japan and its armed forces in China in September 1945.
Following the restitution of Republic control (1946), the administration divisions of Fuzhou were annexed, and administration level was promoted from county-level to city-level officially.
People's Republic
On December 13, 1993, a raging fire swept through a textile factory in Fuzhou and claimed the lives of 60 workers.[4]
On October 2, 2005, floodwaters from Typhoon Longwang swept away a military school, killing at least 80 paramilitary officers.[4]
Geography and climate
Fuzhou is located in the northeast coast of Fujian province, in the opposite of North Taiwan, connects jointly northwards with Ningde and Nanping, southwards with Quanzhou and Putian, westwards with Sanming respectively.
Fuzhou has a humid subtropical climate (Koppen Cfa) influenced by the East Asian Monsoon; the summers are long, very hot and humid, the winters are short, mild and dry. In most years torrential rain occurs during the monsoon in the second half of May. Fuzhou is also liable to typhoons in late summer and early autumn. Monthly daily means range from 10.9 °C (51.6 °F) in January to 28.9 °C (84.0 °F) in July, while extreme temperatures have ranged from −1.7 °C (29 °F) to 41.7 °C (107 °F) [5]
Climate data for Fuzhou (1971−2000) | |||||||||||||
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Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Average high °C (°F) | 15.2 (59.4) |
15.2 (59.4) |
18.1 (64.6) |
23.2 (73.8) |
26.7 (80.1) |
30.5 (86.9) |
34.1 (93.4) |
33.3 (91.9) |
30.2 (86.4) |
26.4 (79.5) |
22.0 (71.6) |
17.7 (63.9) |
24.4 (75.9) |
Average low °C (°F) | 8.2 (46.8) |
8.3 (46.9) |
10.6 (51.1) |
15.0 (59) |
19.2 (66.6) |
23.0 (73.4) |
25.5 (77.9) |
25.1 (77.2) |
23.0 (73.4) |
19.3 (66.7) |
14.8 (58.6) |
10.1 (50.2) |
16.8 (62.2) |
Precipitation mm (inches) | 48.0 (1.89) |
86.6 (3.409) |
145.4 (5.724) |
166.5 (6.555) |
193.7 (7.626) |
208.9 (8.224) |
98.8 (3.89) |
179.7 (7.075) |
145.0 (5.709) |
47.6 (1.874) |
41.3 (1.626) |
32.0 (1.26) |
1,393.5 (54.862) |
% Humidity | 74 | 78 | 80 | 80 | 81 | 82 | 77 | 77 | 76 | 71 | 70 | 70 | 76.3 |
Avg. precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 9.7 | 14.4 | 17.5 | 17.8 | 18.2 | 15.9 | 10.4 | 12.1 | 11.6 | 7.1 | 7.2 | 7.1 | 149.0 |
Sunshine hours | 101.6 | 79.2 | 89.1 | 111.0 | 114.4 | 141.9 | 225.6 | 199.2 | 153.7 | 144.2 | 120.3 | 126.9 | 1,607.1 |
Source: China Meteorological Administration |
Administrative divisions
The administrative divisions of Fuzhou have been changed frequently throughout history. From 1983, the Fuzhou current administrative divisions were formed officially, namely, 5 districts and 8 counties respectively. In 1990 and 1994, Fuqing (Hók-chiăng) and Changle (Diòng-lŏ̤h) counties were promoted to county-level cities. Despite these changes, the administrative image of "5 districts and 8 counties" is still held popularly among local residents. Fuzhou's entire area only covers 9.65% of Fujian Province.
The city of Fuzhou has direct jurisdiction over 5 districts (区 qu), 2 county-level cities (市 shi), and 6 counties (县 xian) :
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Subdivision | |||||
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Fuzhou City Proper | Fuzhou Suburban and Rural | |||||
■ Gulou-qu | 鼓楼区 | Gū-làu | ■ Fuqing-shi | 福清市 | Hók-chiăng | |
■ Taijiang-qu | 台江区 | Dài-gĕ̤ng | ■ Changle-shi | 长乐市 | Diòng-lŏ̤h | |
■ Cangshan-qu | 仓山区 | Chŏng-săng | ■ Minqing-xian | 闽清县 | Mìng-chiăng | |
■ Mawei-qu | 马尾区 | Mā-muōi | ■ Minhou-xian | 闽侯县 | Mìng-âu | |
■ Jin'an-qu | 晋安区 | Céng-ăng | ■ Yongtai-xian | 永泰县 | Īng-tái | |
■ Lianjiang-xian | 连江县 | Lièng-gŏng | ||||
■ Luoyuan-xian | 罗源县 | Lò̤-nguòng | ||||
■ Pingtan-xian | 平潭县 | Bìng-tàng |
Location | Area(km²) | Resident population | Registered Population |
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Fuzhou | 12,153.31 | 6,760,000 | 6,303,043 |
- Gulou District | 36.60 | 584,531 | |
- Taijiang District | 18.28 | 325,172 | |
- Cangshan District | 139.41 | 456,531 | |
- Mawei District | 254.33 | 164,163 | |
- Jinan District | 566.45 | 328,806 | |
Minhou County | 2,133.03 | 560,000 | 645,195 |
Lianjiang County | 1,190.67 | 550,000 | 613,354 |
Louyuan County | 1,081.17 | 200,000 | 254,111 |
Minqing County | 1,468.90 | 240,000 | 301,334 |
Yongtai County | 2,243.41 | 270,000 | 352,854 |
Pingtan County | 371.09 | 350,000 | 380,721 |
Fuqing City | 1,932.43 | 1,190,000 | 1,231,288 |
Changle City | 717.54 | 670,000 | 664,983 |
Culture
The City of Banyans is distinct from the mainstream inland cultures of central China, and in details varies from other areas of Maritime China
Language and art
Besides Mandarin Chinese, local residents of Fuzhou (Fuzhou people) also speak Fuzhou dialect, a language that is considered to be the standard form of the Min Dong dialect.
Min opera, also known as Fuzhou drama, is one of the major operas in Fujian Province. It enjoys popularity in Fuzhou area, and neighboring parts of Fujian such as the northeast and northwest areas where the Fuzhou dialect is spoken, as well as in Taiwan and the Malay Archipelago. It became a fixed opera in the early 20th century. There are more than 1000 plays of Min opera, most of which originate from folk tales, historical novels, or ancient legends, including such traditional plays as "Making Seal", "The Purple Jade Hairpin" and "Switching Fairy Peach with Litchi".
Religion
The two traditional mainstream religions practiced in Fuzhou are Mahayana Buddhism and Taoism. Traditionally, many people practice both religions simultaneously. The city is also home to many Buddhist monasteries/Taoist temples and Buddhist monks.
Apart from mainstream religions, a number of religious worship sites of various local religions are situated in the streets and lanes of Fuzhou.
The origins of local religion can be dated back centuries. These diverse religions incorporated elements such as gods and doctrines from other religions and cultures, such as totem worship and traditional legends. For example, Monkey King, originated to monkey worship among local ancients, gradually came to embody the God of Wealth in Fuzhou after the novel Journey to the West was issued in Ming dynasty.
As the most popular religion in the Min River Valley, the worship of Lady Linshui (临水夫人) is viewed as one of the three most influential local religions in Fujian, the other two being the worship of Mazu (妈祖) and Baosheng Dadi (保生大帝).
Local cuisine
Fuzhou cuisine is one of the four traditional cooking styles of Fujian cuisine, which in turn is of the eight Chinese regional cuisines. Dishes are light but flavourful, with particular emphasis on umami taste, known in Chinese cooking as "xiānwèi" (traditional Chinese: 鮮味; simplified Chinese: 鲜味), as well as retaining the original flavour of the main ingredients instead of masking them. In Fuzhou cuisine, the taste is light compared to that of some other Chinese cooking styles, and often have a mixed sweet and sour taste. Soup, served as an indispensable dish in meals, is cooked in various ways with local seasonal fresh vegetables and seafood. Cultural snack food is also an important part of Fuzhou culture. Production of raw materials according to classification can be divided into many classes: Powder, starch, dry fruit, meat and seafood, etc., especially rice, beans, sugar, most famous as the main raw material. The red, white rice cakes during the Chinese New Year, fifteenth of the Lantern Festival, Dragon Boat Festival of the dumplings, the winter solstice of the twist, are the traditional foods enjoyed by the masses of Fuzhou. In recent years, poly-Spring Garden Hotel in Fuzhou, "Tai Chi taro" Aetna building, Hot Deals Forum's "Ding edge paste", "meatball," "Fish Balls", "meat Yan bian" and received the "Chinese Famous Snacks "title.
Special crafts
Bodiless lacquerwares (脱胎漆器), paper umbrellas (纸伞) and horn combs (角梳) are the "Three Treasures" of Fuzhou traditional arts. In addition, bodiless lacquerwares, cork pictures (软木画) and Shoushan stone sculptures (寿山石雕) are called "Three Superexcellences" of Fuzhou.
Gender roles
Fuzhou males are perceived in the rest of Fujian province as being rather subservient in sex-relations, the stereotypical image being that of a husband following his wife around a shopping area, holding many bags. This has led to the Fujianese maxim (or cultural rule of thumb) "Don't marry a Fuzhou woman".[6] Whatever the truth of these perceptions, Fuzhou males do seem rather more given than men in other cities to compensatory counter-type behaviour towards female strangers, such as cutting queues, stealing taxis and even flashing, for which the local term is liuniaoxia (遛鸟侠, from liuniao, to take the (pet) bird out for a stroll (ie to the park, as done by retirees all over China) + xia, action hero).[7]
Transportation
Airports
The city is served by two airports: Fuzhou Changle International Airport and Fuzhou Yixu Airport (old airfield). The former is its main international airport and a air-hub in the southeast China, the latter one was turned into a PLA airbase after 1997.
Railways
Currently, the main railway is the "Wai Fu Railway", running eastwards through the northern districts towards Jiangxi province. The subline "Fuma railway" runs from the city hub to Mawei district. Two more railways are also under construction: The "Wen Fu railway" runs north towards Wenzhou in southern Zhejiang province, while the "Fuxia railway" runs south towards Xiamen. This later railway is designed to be a high-speed railway with speeds up to 200 km and is opened in April 2010. There are also plans for 2 metro lines, with the first line to be completed by 2014.[8]
- Railway stations: The Fuzhou Rail Station is located north of city center, near the North Second Ring Road. Construction on the Strait Rail Station in Cangshan district, a key landmark of the New City development scheme, began in 2007 and is scheduled to be completed in 2010.
Seaport
In 1867 the Fuzhou seaport was the site of one of China's first major experiments with Western technology, when the Fuzhou Navy Yard was established: A shipyard and an arsenal were built under French guidance and a naval school was opened. A naval academy was also established at the shipyard, and it became a center for the study of European languages and technical sciences. The academy, which offered courses in English, French, engineering, and navigation, produced a generation of Western-trained officers, including the famous scholar-reformer Yan Fu (1854–1921).
The yard was established as part of a program to strengthen China in the wake of the country's disastrous defeat the second Opium War (1856–60). But most talented students continued to pursue a traditional Confucian education, and by the mid-1870s the government began to lose interest in the shipyard, which had trouble securing funds and declined in importance. Fuzhou remained essentially a commercial center and a port until World War II; it had relatively little industry. The port was occupied by the Japanese during 1940–45.
Since 1949, Fuzhou has grown considerably. Transportation has been improved by the dredging of the Min River for navigation by medium-sized craft upstream to Nanping. In 1956 the railway linking Fuzhou with the interior of the province and with the main Chinese railway system began operation. The port has also been improved; Fuzhou itself is no longer accessible to seagoing ships, but Luoxingta anchorage and the outer harbor at Guantou on the coast of the East China Sea have been modernized and improved. The chief exports are timber, fruits, paper, and foodstuffs.
Economy
![](https://web.archive.org/web/20110506091915im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/FuzhouTaijiang.jpg/220px-FuzhouTaijiang.jpg)
Industry is supplied with power by a grid running from the Gutian hydroelectric scheme in the mountains to the northwest. The city is a center for industrial chemicals and has food-processing, timber-working, engineering, papermaking, printing, and textile industries. A small iron and steel plant was built in 1958. In 1984 Fuzhou was designated one of China's "open" cities in the new open-door policy inviting foreign investments. Handicrafts remain important in the rural areas, and the city is famous for its lacquer and wood products.
Its GDP was ¥33,615 (ca. US$4,840) per capita in 2008, ranked no. 21 among 659 Chinese cities.
Fuzhou is undoubtedly the province’s political, economic and cultural center as well as an industrial center and seaport on the Min River. In 2008, Fuzhou’s GDP amounted to ¥228.4 billion, an increase of 13 percent.[9]
Manufactured products include chemicals, silk and cotton textiles, iron and steel, and processed food. Among Fuzhou's exports are fine lacquerware and handcrafted fans and umbrellas. The city's trade is mainly with Chinese coastal ports. Its exports of timber, food products, and paper move through the harbor at Guantou located about 50 km downstream.[10]
In 2008, exports reached US$13.6 billion, a growth of 10.4 percent while imports amounted to US$6.8 billion. Total retail sales for the same period came to ¥113.4 billion and per capita GDP grew to ¥33,615.[10]
During the same period, Fuzhou approved 155 foreign-invested projects. Contracted foreign investment amounted to US$1.489 billion, while utilized foreign investment increased by 43 percent to US$1.002 billion.[10]
Economic and Technological Zones
- Fuzhou Economic & Technological Development Zone
Fuzhou Economic & Technological Development Zone was established in Jan 1985 by State Council, with a total planning area of 22 sqkm and now has built 10.1 sqkm. It is located close to Fuzhou Changle International Airport and Fuzhou Port. Industries encouraged in the zone include electronics assembly & manufacturing, telecommunications equipment,trading and distribution, automobile production/assembly, medical equipment and supplies, shipping/warehousing/logistics and heavy industry.[11]
- Fuzhou Export Processing Zone
Fuzhou Export Processing Zone was founded on June 3, 2005 with the approval of the State Council and enjoys all the preferential policies. It is located inside Chang'an Investment Zone of Fuzhou Economic and Technical Development Zone (FETDZ) with a planned land area of 1.14 sqkm.[12]
- Fuzhou Free Trade Zone
Fuzhou Free Trade Zone was established in 1992 by State Council, with a planning area of 1.8 sqkm. Industries encouraged in the free trade zone include electronics assembly & manufacturing, heavy industry, instruments & industrial equipment production, shipping/warehousing/logistics, telecommunications equipment, trading and distribution.[13]
- Fuzhou Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone
Fuzhou High-tech Development Zone was set up in 1988 and approved by the State Council in March 1991. In 1995, Fuzhou Municipal Government decided to build Baiyi Electronic Information City, which covers 1.2 square km in the zone, making it the lead electronic industrial zone in Fuzhou. The Administrative Commission of Mawei High-tech Park was set up in the zone in 1999. It covers an area of 5.6 sqkm, and it is the area between Gushan Channel and Mawei Channel, Jiangbin Road and Fuma Road.[14]
- Fuzhou Science and Technology Park
Fuzhou Science and Technology Park was established in 1988 and was approved to be a national level zone by State Council in 1991. The planned area is 5.5 sqkm and is divided into 3 parts: the Mawei Part, Cangshan Part and Hongshan Part. The main industries are electronics, information technology and biotechnology. There are now more than 500 sqkm standard factories. The zone is 7 km away from the 316 National Highway and 41 km away from the Fuzhou Changle International Airport.[15]
- Fuzhou Taiwan Merchant Investment Area
Fuzhou Taiwan Merchants Development Zone was approved to be established in May 1989 by the State Council. The zone is located in the Fuzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone. The zone is the commercial base to Taiwan. The current area is 6 sqkm. The main industries are IT, metallurgy, food processing and textile. The zone is 11.5 km away from the 316 National Highway and 52 km away from Fuzhou Changle International Airport.[16]
Tourist attractions
Historical / cultural
- Sanfang Qixiang (三坊七巷) (a cluster of ancient residential buildings dated from late Jin Dynasty)
- Lin Zexu Memorial Hall(林则徐纪念馆)(Aomen rd)
- West Lake (福州西湖) (an artificial landscape style lake built in 282 AD)
- Hualin Temple (华林寺) (Built in 964 AD, Song Dynasty)
Its main hall is known as the oldest surviving wooden building in south China,and was confirmed as an important heritage site under state protection in 1982.
- Dizang Temple (The Temple of Sacrificing Guardian of the Earth, founded in 527 AD)
- Xichan Temple (西禅寺) (founded in 867 AD)
- Wu Ta (乌塔) (Black Pagoda) (originally built in 799 AD, rebuilt in 936 AD)
- Bai Ta (白塔) (White Pagoda) (on the top of Mount Yu,originally built in 905 AD, 67 m in height, collapsed in 1534 AD, rebuilt in 1548 AD, 41 m in height)
- Yongquan Temple (涌泉寺) (founded in 915 AD ,and located on the top of Mount Gu)
- Gu Shan (鼓山) (Mount Gu)
- Mount Qi (旗山)(in Nanyu,Minhou County)
- Luoxing Tower(罗星塔)(in Mawei district and built in Song Dynasty. It was called "China Tower")
- Tanshishan cultural relics (昙石山文化遗址)(in Ganzhe,Minhou County)
Recreational
- Fujian Provincial Museum (福建省博物院)(near West Lake Park)
- Wulongjiang Shidi Park (乌龙江湿地公园)(A wetland park. However, the park is in distress due to ineffective environmental protection and construction.)
- Chating Park (茶亭公园)
- Zuohai Park (左海公园)
- Minjiang Park(闽江公园)(in the two sides of Minjiang River)
- Pingshan Park(屏山公园)
- Mount Jinniu Park(金牛山公园)(near Fuzhou West Long-Distance Bus Station)
- Mount Jinji Park(金鸡山公园)
- Fuzhou National Forest Park (福州国家森林公园)
- Sandiejing Forest Park (三叠井森林公园)
- Fuzhou zoo(福州动物园)( The new zoo was built in the year 2008)
Photo gallery
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Flower Lane Church (花巷堂)
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Mawei Harbor, old battlefield of Battle of Foochow
Famous Natives
- Lin Zexu (林则徐, 1785—1850), Chinese scholar and official, considered a national hero for his strong opposition to the trade of opium before the First Anglo-Chinese War
- Shen Baozhen (沈葆桢, 1820—1879), Viceroy of Liangjiang from 1875 to 1879
- Zhan Shi Chai (詹世釵, 1840s-1893), entertainer as "Chang the Chinese giant"
- Chen Baochen (陈宝琛, 1848—1935), Chinese scholar and loyalist to the Qing Dynasty
- Wong Nai-siong (黄乃裳, 1849—1924), Chinese Christian scholar
- Lin Shu (林纾, 1852—1924), Chinese scholar and translator, most famous for his translation of Alexandre Dumas' La Dame aux Camélias
- Yan Fu (严复, 1854—1921), Chinese scholar and translator, best known for introducing western ideas such as Darwinian evolution
- Sa Zhenbin (萨镇冰, 1859—1952), high-ranking naval officer of Mongolian origin
- Lin Sen (林森, 1868—1943), President of the Republic of China from 1931 to 1943
- Lin Juemin (林觉民, 1887—1911), one of 72 Revolutionary Martyrs at Huanghuagang,Guangzhou
- E.A. Coffin (1888-1972), U.S. Coast Guard admiral
- Hou Debang (侯德榜, 1890—1974), Chinese chemical engineer
- Zheng Zhenduo (郑振铎, 1898—1958), Chinese journalist and literary scholar
- Bing Xin (冰心, 1900—1999), female Chinese writer
- Watchman Nee (倪柝声, 1903—1972), Chinese Christian author and church leader
- Lin Huiyin (林徽因, 1904—1955), female Chinese architect and writer
- Chen Jingrun (陈景润, 1933—1996), Chinese mathematician who made significant contributions to number theory
- Chen Zhangliang (陈章良, 1962—), Chinese biologist, elected as vice-governor of Guangxi in 2007
- Wu Qingyuan (吳清源, 1914—), Chinese Weiqi/Go player, considered by many players to be the greatest player of the game in the 20th century and one of the greatest of all time.
Education
Colleges and universities
- Fujian Normal University (福建师范大学) (founded in 1907)
- Fuzhou University (福州大学) (founded in 1958)
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (福建农林大学)
- Fujian Medical University (福建医科大学)
- Fujian College of Traditional Chinese Medicine (福建中医学院)
- Minjiang University (闽江学院)
- Fujian University of Technology (福建工程学院)
- Fujian Seminary (福建神学院)
Note: Institutions without full-time bachelor programs are not listed.
International relations
Sister cities
Fuzhou is twinned with the following cities:[17][18]
Country | City | County/District/Province/Region/State | Date |
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Nagasaki | Nagasaki | October 20, 1980 |
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Naha | Okinawa | May 20, 1981 |
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Syracuse | New York | August 25, 1991 |
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Tacoma | Washington | November 16, 1994 |
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Campinas | São Paulo | November 8, 1996 |
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Shoalhaven | New South Wales | October 15, 2003 |
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Georgetown | Demerara-Mahaica | May 17, 2006 |
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Koszalin | West Pomeranian Voivodeship | May 19, 2007 |
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Mombasa | Coast Province | May 19, 2008 |
Friendship cities
Fuzhou has the following friendship cities:[19]
Country | City | County/District/Province/Region/State | Date |
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Pyeongtaek | Gyeonggi-do | August 26, 2002[20] |
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Gwangyang | Jeollanam-do | Sep 3, 2009[21] |
See also
- Fuzhou people
- Fuzhou dialect
- Min Dong language
- List of cities in the People's Republic of China by population
- Battle of Fuzhou
- Sibu
References
- ^ a b "福州市2009年国民经济和社会发展统计公报" (in Simplified Chinese). Fuzhou Municipal Statistic Bureau. 2010-03-25. http://www.fuzhou.gov.cn/tjj/njdtjsj/201003/t20100324_119787.htm. Retrieved 2010-05-03.
- ^ Spence, Jonathan D., The Chan's Great Continent: China in Western Minds, 1999, W.W.Norton & Company, ISBN 978-0-393-31989-7, pp.20-21
- ^ Zhōnghuá Gònghéguó Rénmín Gémìng Zhèngfǔ, also known as the Fujian People's Revolutionary Government (福建人民革命政府, Fújiàn Rénmín Zhèngfǔ). Compare 中華共和國 to the shorter, more ambiguous 中華民國 (Zhonghua Minguo, "Folk-state of China"), which was the one-party state under Guomindang (国民党) leader Chiang Kai-shek against which Chen and the 19th rebelled (translated into English nonetheless as the "Republic of China").
- ^ a b Major Events Across The Taiwan Straits
- ^ "Extreme Temperatures Around the World". http://www.mherrera.org/temp.htm. Retrieved 2010-12-02.
- ^ Nelson Fu, interviews with Fujianese, 2001-present
- ^ ibid, interview at Fuzhou wedding, 2009 Sept 18
- ^ "Fuzhou to Build Metro Line One ", SinoCast Daily Business Beat, June 19, 2009
- ^ "China Expat city Guide Dalian". China Expat. 2008. http://www.chinaexpat.com/list/88. Retrieved 2009-02-08.
- ^ a b c "China Briefing Business Reports". Asia Briefing. 2009. http://shopping.china-briefing.com/index_eproduct_view.php?products_id=21. Retrieved 2009-02-08.[dead link]
- ^ RightSite.asia | Fuzhou Economic & Technological Development Zone
- ^ RightSite.asia | Fuzhou Export Processing Zone
- ^ RightSite.asia | Fuzhou Free Trade Zone
- ^ RightSite.asia | Fuzhou Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone
- ^ RightSite.asia | Fuzhou Science and Technology Park
- ^ RightSite.asia | Fuzhou Taiwan Merchants Development Zone
- ^ http://www.fuzhou.gov.cn/zfb/xxgk/zjrc/yhwl/
- ^ "Fujian Foreign Relations 福建省与国外友城关系一览表". The Foreign Affair Office of Fujian Provincial People's Government. http://www.fjfao.gov.cn/index/noDateCategory?id=51. Retrieved 2010-02-09.
- ^ "Fuzhou: Friendly Exchange Cities 福州国际友好城市概况". the official website of the Fuzhou city. http://www.fuzhou.gov.cn/zfb/xxgk/zjrc/yhwl/gjyhcs/200707/t20070719_13130.htm. Retrieved 2010-02-09.
- ^ "Friendly Exchange Cities Pyeongtaek 福州市与平泽市于2002年8月26日结为友好交流城市". the official website of the Fuzhou city. http://www.fuzhou.gov.cn/zfb/xxgk/zjrc/yhwl/gjyhcs/200608/t20060818_13125.htm. Retrieved 2010-02-09.
- ^ "Friendly Exchange Cities Gwangyang 福州市与平光阳市于2002年8月26日结为友好交流城市". the official website of the Fuzhou city. http://www.fuzhou.gov.cn/zfb/xxgk/zjrc/yhwl/gjyhcs/200608/t20060818_13122.htm. Retrieved 2010-02-09.
Sources
- A Brief History of The Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945), Hu Pu-yu, (Chung Wu Publishing Co. Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China, 1974) pg 142.
- China at War 1901-1949, Edward L. Dreyer, (Longman, London and New York, 1995) pg 235.
- Australia's China, Changing Perceptions from the 1930s to the 1990s, Lachlan Strachan, (Cambridge University Press 1996) pg 107.
- Bomb, Book & Compass, Joseph Needham and the Great Secrets of China, Simon Winchester, (Penguin *Group Australia, Camberwell, Victoria) pp 143–151.
- op.cit.
- http://www.wesleyan.edu/east/mansfieldf/history/freeman5_buck.html
- http://www.indiana.edu/~league/1944.htm
External links
- Fuzhou Government website
- An early history of Fujian and Fuzhou (Chinese)
- Fuzhou travel guide from Wikitravel
- Maritime Art - On the River Min
- Fuzhou Daily,a local newspaper
- Historic US Army map of Fuzhou, 1945
Coordinates: 26°04′34″N 119°18′23″E / 26.07611°N 119.30639°E
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