Carly Fiorina | |
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Born | Cara Carleton Sneed September 6, 1954 Austin, Texas, U.S. |
Alma mater | Stanford University (BA) University of Maryland, College Park (MBA) Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MS) |
Occupation | Business Executive Politician |
Political party | Republican |
Spouse | Todd Bartlem (1977–1984) Frank Fiorina (since 1985) |
Signature | ![]() |
Website | |
carlyfiorina.com |
Carly Fiorina (born Cara Carleton Sneed; September 6, 1954) is an American business executive and a former Republican candidate for the United States Senate representing California. Fiorina served as chief executive officer of Hewlett-Packard from 1999 to 2005 and previously was an executive at AT&T and its equipment and technology spinoff, Lucent. She currently serves on the boards of several organizations.
Fiorina was considered one of the most powerful women in business during her tenure at Lucent and Hewlett-Packard. The spinoff, from HP, of Agilent Technologies – which had been initiated by her predecessor, Lew Platt – was completed shortly after she joined the company in 1999. Under her leadership, in 2002, the company completed a contentious merger with rival computer company Compaq. During her tenure, HP stock lost half its value.[1] In 2005, Fiorina was forced to resign as chief executive officer and chairman of Hewlett-Packard, following "differences [with the board of directors] about how to execute HP's strategy."[2]
In 2008, Fiorina served as an advisor to Republican presidential candidate John McCain. In November 2009, Fiorina announced she would challenge incumbent Democrat Barbara Boxer for her United States Senate seat representing California.[3] On June 8, 2010, Fiorina won the Republican primary election, but lost the general election on November 2, 2010 to Boxer.[4]
Contents |
Early life
Fiorina was born as Cara Carleton Sneed in Austin, Texas, on September 6, 1954,[5] the daughter of Joseph Tyree Sneed III – a law school professor, dean, and federal judge – and Madelon Montross (née Juergens), a portrait and abstract artist.[6]
Education and early career
Fiorina attended Channing School in London, and later attended Charles E. Jordan High School in Durham, North Carolina, for her senior year; the family relocated frequently during this time. She received a Bachelor of Arts in philosophy and medieval history from Stanford University in 1976. During her summers, she worked at a hair salon and as a secretary for Kelly Services.[7] She attended the UCLA School of Law in 1976 but dropped out[8] after one semester and worked as a receptionist for six months at a real estate firm Marcus & Millichap, moving up to a broker position before leaving for Italy, where she taught English.[9] Fiorina received a Master of Business Administration in marketing from the Robert H. Smith School of Business at the University of Maryland, College Park in 1980. She received a Master of Science in management from the MIT Sloan School of Management under the Sloan Fellows program in 1989.
AT&T and Lucent
She joined AT&T in 1980 as a management trainee and rose to become a senior vice president overseeing the company's hardware and systems division. In 1995, Fiorina led corporate operations for the spinoff from AT&T of Lucent, reporting to Lucent chief executive Henry B. Schacht;[10] she played a key role in planning and implementing the 1996 initial public offering of stock and company launch strategy.[11][12] Later in 1996, Fiorina was appointed president of Lucent's consumer products business, reporting to Rich McGinn, president and chief operating officer.[12] In 1997, she was appointed chairman of Lucent's consumer communications joint venture with Philips consumer communications.[13] Later that year, she was named group president for the global service provider business at Lucent, overseeing marketing and sales for the company's largest customer segment.[14][15]
In 1998, Fortune magazine named her the "most powerful woman in business" in its inaugural listing, and she was included in the Time 100 in 2004 and remained in the Fortune listing throughout her tenure at HP. Fiorina was #10 on the Forbes list of The World's 100 Most Powerful Women for 2004.[16][17][18][19][20][21][22] She became regarded by many as being the first woman to head up a Fortune 20 company, and to have overcome the metaphorical "glass ceiling".[23][24][25]
Hewlett-Packard
In July 1999, Hewlett-Packard Company named Fiorina chief executive officer succeeding Lewis Platt and prevailing over the internal candidate Ann Livermore.[26] She became the first woman to lead a Fortune 20 company.[27] Fiorina immediately became a highly visible chief executive, and remained so throughout her tenure at the company with a vast array of engineering talent at her disposal.[28]
Fiorina proceeded to reorganize HP, and merge the part she kept with the PC maker Compaq. Although the decision to spin off the company's technical equipment division predated her arrival, one of her first major responsibilities as chief executive was overseeing the separation of the unit into the standalone Agilent Technologies. Fiorina proposed the acquisition of the technology services arm of PricewaterhouseCoopers for almost $14 billion but withdrew the bid after a lackluster reception from Wall Street. Following the collapse of the dot-com bubble, the PwC consulting arm was acquired by IBM for less than $4 billion.[29] In 2001, Fiorina was named one of the thirty most powerful women in America by Forbes magazine.[30] In early September of 2001, in the wake of the bursting of the Tech Bubble, Fiorina announced the controversial merger with Compaq, a leading competitor in the industry. Fiorina fought for the merger, and it was implemented despite strong opposition from board member Walter Hewlett (the son of company co-founder William Hewlett) who claimed that the merger was being pursued by Fiorina in desperation to make a strategic decision and to give her some breathing space from Wall Street.
He launched a proxy fight against Fiorina's efforts, which failed.[31][32] The Compaq merger[33] created the world's largest personal computer manufacturer by units shipped,[34] a position the company lost in 2003 and regained in 2006.[35]
Fiorina presented herself as a realist regarding the effects of globalization. She has been a strong proponent, along with other technology executives, of the expansion of the H-1B visa program.[36] In January 2004, at a meeting to "head off rising protectionist sentiment in Congress," Fiorina said: "There is no job that is America's God-given right anymore. We have to compete for jobs as a nation."[37][38][39] While Fiorina argued that the only way to "protect U.S. high-tech jobs over the long haul was to become more competitive [in the United States]," her comments prompted "strong reactions" from some technology workers who argued that lower wages outside the United States encouraged the offshoring of American jobs.[40] Fiorina responded against protectionism in an editorial in the Wall Street Journal, writing that while "America is the most innovative country," it would not remain so if the country were to "run away from the reality of the global economy."[41]
In early January 2005, the Hewlett-Packard board of directors discussed with Fiorina a list of issues that the board had regarding the company's performance.[42] The board proposed a plan to shift her authority to HP division heads, which Fiorina resisted.[43] A week after the meeting, the confidential plan was leaked to the Wall Street Journal.[44] Less than a month later, the board brought back in Tom Perkins and forced Fiorina to resign as chairman and chief executive officer of the company.[45] The company's stock jumped on news of Fiorina's departure.[46] Under the company's agreement with Fiorina, which was characterized as a golden parachute by some, she was paid slightly more than $20 million in severance.[47]
Outside judgments on Fiorina's tenure at HP are mixed. In 2008, Infoworld grouped her with a list of products and ideas as flops, declaring her to be the "anti-Steve Jobs" for reversing the goodwill of American engineers and for alienating existing customers.[48] In 2008, Loren Steffy of The New York Times suggested that the EDS acquisition well after Fiorina's tenure was evidence that her actions as CEO were justified.[49]
After HP
After resigning from HP, Fiorina was named to several board memberships. She was named to the boards of directors at Revolution Health Group[50] and computer security company Cybertrust.[51] The following year, she became a member of the board of directors for chip maker Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company.[52] She joined the board of trustees of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Foundation Board of the World Economic Forum. She is an Honorary Fellow of the London Business School.[53][54][55][56]
Media career
Fiorina received significant media exposure before and during her tenure at HP, speaking at many business conferences and appearing on the cover of numerous business magazines. In the years since leaving HP, Fiorina has maintained her visibility in the media. In a commencement address in May 2005, Fiorina said about her tenure at Hewlett-Packard:
The worst thing I could have imagined happened. I lost my job in the most public way possible, and the press had a field day with it all over the world. And guess what? I'm still here. I am at peace and my soul is intact.[57]
During an interview with Charlie Rose, Fiorina said she believed that her leadership was strong during her tenure with Hewlett-Packard, and that the Compaq merger was a critical step for the company, although the merger was misunderstood by the board of directors.[58] In October 2006, Fiorina released an autobiography, Tough Choices, about her career and her views on such issues as what constitutes a leader, how women can thrive in business, and the role technology will continue to play in reshaping the world. Fiorina signed on with the Fox Business Network to become a business commentator on the network.[59] She is Chairman and CEO of Carly Fiorina Enterprises where, according to her political campaign Facebook page, she is "bringing her unique perspective and experience to bear on the challenging issues of our world, championing economic growth and empowerment for a more prosperous and secure world".[60] She has appeared at many public events. She rang the opening bell of the Wall Street stock market on the official day of the HP-Compaq merger and in 2000 she was the ceremonial host opening the largest EasyInternetcafé at Times Square and the opening of the Epcot ride Mission: SPACE.[61] In 2004, Fiorina was a member of the President's Commission on Implementation of United States Space Exploration Policy, which produced a report for George W. Bush. She has appeared many times on TV such as in 2007 on Real Time with Bill Maher.
Fiorina has and continues to be involved with many business leadership activities including:
- Leadership summits run by Bill Hybels[62]
- Business Executives for National Security[63]
- The Wall Street Journal's D Conference (All Things Digital) in Carlsbad, California[64]
- Cyberposium[65]
- Lead21[66]
- Texas Conference for Women[67]
- Texas Monthly Talks[68]
- The Women's Conference[69]
- Willow Creek Association[70]
- Willow Creek Community Church[71]
Politics
In 2008, Fiorina joined as a part of the Senator John McCain's presidential campaign. In early 2008, Fiorina was referred to in media sources as a potential vice presidential candidate.[72][73] On March 7, 2008, Fiorina was named fundraising chairman for the Republican National Committee's "Victory" initiative. She was also a "point person" for the McCain campaign on issues related to business and economic affairs.[74] Fiorina's severance package from Hewlett-Packard in 2005, was viewed by some as a political liability during the campaign.[75][76][77]
On September 3, 2008, Fiorina addressed the Republican National Convention. Earlier that day, she defended the selection of Sarah Palin as McCain's running mate and said that Palin was being subjected to sexist attacks, a charge she repeated a few days later in response to one of the Saturday Night Live parodies of Sarah Palin.[78][79][80] In response to questions during a radio interview on September 15, 2008, she stated that Palin lacks the experience to run a major company like Hewlett-Packard, "[b]ut that's not what she's running for. Running a corporation is a different set of things." Fiorina later amended her comment, stating that none of the candidates on either ticket had the experience to run a major corporation.[81][82][83] After media coverage of her comments, one of her scheduled appearances on behalf of the campaign was canceled, although Fiorina continued to chair the party's fundraising committee.[84][85][86][87][88]
Senate candidacy
On November 4, 2009, Fiorina formally announced her candidacy in the 2010 Senate election in a bid to unseat incumbent Barbara Boxer.[89][90][91][92] Fiorina's campaign in the Republican primary for that seat received a number of endorsements,[93] including one from Sarah Palin in the form of a Facebook note.[94][95][96] Her campaign ad about Republican rival Tom Campbell featuring a "demon sheep" created international, mostly negative, publicity.[97][98] After the ad went viral, the California Democratic Party created a parody of the ad depicting Fiorina herself as a demon sheep.[99]
On June 8, 2010, Fiorina won the Republican primary election for Senate with over 50 percent of the vote, beating Campbell and State Assemblyman Chuck DeVore.
The Los Angeles Times research of public records indicated Fiorina had failed to vote in most elections. Fiorina responded: "I'm a lifelong registered Republican but I haven't always voted, and I will provide no excuse for it. You know, people die for the right to vote. And there are many, many Californians and Americans who exercise that civic duty on a regular basis. I didn't. Shame on me."[100][101]
The Los Angeles Times noted that Fiorina has conservative positions on certain social issues. She personally opposes abortion and, as a private citizen, stated that she voted for Proposition 8, which defined marriage as a union between one man and one woman, overturning a court ruling that same-sex couples had a right to marry.[102] Following an August 4, 2010, federal court ruling that Proposition 8 was unconstitutional, Fiorina expressed disagreement with the ruling, saying that California voters spoke clearly against same-sex unions when a majority approved the proposition in 2008.[103] She has stated that she opposes litmus tests for Supreme Court nominations and does not favor a federal personhood amendment.[104] Fiorina has called climate change a "serious issue" but claims that the science surrounding global warming is inconclusive, saying "I think we should have the courage to examine the science on an ongoing basis."[105] In a campaign ad, Fiorina also likened Boxer's concerns over global warming to worrying about "the weather."[106] She accepted large contributions from the coal industry[107] as well as Koch Industries[108] Fiorina opposes the cap and trade legislation supported by Boxer, and thinks efforts to control greenhouse gases will cost 3 million jobs and are "massively destructive".[109][110] The 2010 United States Senate election in California took place on November 2, 2010. Boxer won the general election, defeating Fiorina 52.2% to 42.2%
Personal life
Fiorina (then Cara Carleton Sneed) married Todd Bartlem, a Stanford classmate, in June 1977. They divorced in 1984.[111] In 1985, she married AT&T executive Frank Fiorina. It was the second marriage for both. She helped to raise her two stepdaughters Traci and Lori Ann. They attempted to have children together but, as Fiorina puts it: "That wasn't God's plan."[112][113][114] Fiorina and her husband live in Los Altos Hills, California.
On February 20, 2009, Fiorina was diagnosed with breast cancer. She underwent a double mastectomy[115] at Stanford Hospital on March 2, 2009, followed by chemotherapy, which caused her to temporarily lose her hair, and later radiation therapy.[116] She was given "an excellent prognosis for a full recovery."[117][118] Early in her campaign for the United States Senate seat held by Barbara Boxer, Fiorina told a group of supporters: "I have to say that after chemotherapy, Barbara Boxer just isn't that scary anymore."[119]
Fiorina was admitted to a Los Angeles-area hospital on October 26, 2010 due to an infection related to reconstructive surgery performed in July 2010 following her March 2009 double mastectomy.[120] She was treated with antibiotics overnight and discharged the next day.[121]
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- ^ Let’s shake it up in California! Sarah Palin, Facebook - May 6, 2010.
- ^ Andy Barr (May 6, 2010) Facebook turns on Sarah PalinPolitico.
- ^ Conservative gives the candidate he backs in California an ultimatum CNN May 11, 2010.
- ^ Demon sheep' ad may be bad move, experts say
- ^ snu (April 28, 2010). "Wackelnder demokratischer Senatssitz [Uncertain democratic senate seat]" (in de). NZZ (Zurich): p. 9. "Sie dürfte sich indes mit ihren filmtechnisch stümperhaften, inhaltlich dümmlichen Werbespots gegen ihren innerparteilichen Widersacher Tom Campbell komprimittiert haben. Darin zeichnet Fiorina den allgemein als kompetent und freundlich geltenden Abgeordneten als gefährlichen Wolf im Schafspelz."
- ^ Feldmann, Linda. Demon Sheep: the sequel, starring Carly Fiorina. The Christian Science Monitor. May 7, 2010.
- ^ Hiltzik, Michael (November 5, 2009). "Carly Fiorina's Senate campaign an uninspiring product launch". Los Angeles Times. http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-hiltzik5-2009nov05,0,5859115.column. Retrieved November 8, 2009.
- ^ Lin, Judy (November 5, 2009). "Fiorina: 'Shame on me' for not voting more". The Associated Press. Yahoo! News. http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20091106/ap_on_el_se/us_fiorina_voting. Retrieved November 8, 2009.
- ^ Seema Mehta (January 15, 2010). "Tom Campbell leaves California governor's race, enters Senate contest". Los Angeles Times. http://articles.latimes.com/2010/jan/15/local/la-me-senate15-2010jan15.
- ^ Bolcer, Julie (August 5, 2010). "Fiorina Opposed to Prop 8 Ruling". The Advocate. http://www.advocate.com/News/Daily_News/2010/08/05/Fiorina_Opposed_to_Prop_8_Ruling/. Retrieved August 5, 2010.
- ^ Matthew Cunningham (November 24, 2009). "U.S. Senate Watch: Interview With Carly Fiorina". http://www.redcounty.com/us-senate-watch-interview-with-carly-fiorina.
- ^ Zapler, Mark (November 18, 2009). "Fiorina faces the D.C. press corps, but offers few specifics". San Jose Mercury-News. http://google.com/search?q=cache:7bvP8fw__ggJ:www.insidebayarea.com/oaklandtribune/localnews/ci_13823414%3Fsource%3Drss&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us&client=firefox-a. Retrieved March 15, 2010.
- ^ Koch, Wendy (June 6, 2010). "Carly Fiorina calls climate change the "weather"". USA Today. http://content.usatoday.com/communities/greenhouse/post/2010/06/carly-fiorina-calls-climate-change-the-weather/1. Retrieved June 7, 2010.
- ^ Lance Williams (July 26, 2010). "Global warming doubter, coal industry donate to Fiorina campaign". The San Francisco Chronicle. http://articles.sfgate.com/2010-07-27/news/21999124_1_global-warming-coal-murray-energy-corp.
- ^ Tim Rutten (September 25, 2010). "Fiorina's Billionaire Backers". Los Angeles Times. http://articles.latimes.com/2010/sep/25/opinion/la-oe-rutten-fiorina-koch-20100925.
- ^ Sam Stein (March 13, 2010). "Demon Sheep Ad Man Strikes Again, Morphs Boxer Into A Blimp (VIDEO)". Huffington Post. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/03/13/demon-sheep-ad-man-strike_n_497933.html.
- ^ Marinucci, Carla; Garofoli, Joe (March 14, 2010). "Lots of tough talk at state GOP convention". San Francisco Chronicle. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2010/03/14/MNI91CFEOE.DTL&sfgabt=ttmabtctopstories. Retrieved May 17, 2010.
- ^ Fiorina, Tough Choices, Ch. 6, Choices of the Heart.
- ^ Fiorina, Tough Choices, pp. 88, 93-96, Chapter 12: Confrontation and Understanding.
- ^ Joann S. Lublin and Rebecca Blumenstein (July 22, 1999). "In the Upscale Fiorina Family, She's the CEO and He's Home but she enjoys the simple life". Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on Nov. 1, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071101051517/http://www.careerjournal.com/myc/success/19990728-lublin.html.
- ^ "Potential VP Bios: Republicans". CBS. June 16, 2008. http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2008/06/16/politics/main4184046.shtml#fiorina. Retrieved Nov. 4, 2009.
- ^ "Carly Fiorina Is Hospitalized". The New York Times. October 26, 2010. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/27/us/politics/27fiorina.html.
- ^ "Fiorina comes out swinging - at her cancer", Carla Marinucci and Joe Garofoli, SFGate, November 7, 2009.
- ^ Carla Marinucci (March 3, 2009). "Carly Fiorina has surgery for breast cancer". San Francisco Chronicle. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2009/03/02/BA8D1685C9.DTL. Retrieved Mar. 20, 2009.
- ^ Steven Musil (March 2, 2009). "Carly Fiorina treated for breast cancer". CNET. http://news.cnet.com/8301-1001_3-10186316-92.html. Retrieved Mar. 20, 2009.
- ^ "Fiorina takes fight to Boxer in Senate campaign kickoff", by Mike Zapler, Mercury News, November 4, 2009.
- ^ California Senate hopeful Fiorina hospitalized, By Judy Lin, Associated Press Writer.
- ^ "Released from hospital, Fiorina prepares to hit the trail again". Los Angeles Times. October 28, 2010. http://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-me-1028-fiorina-20101028,0,1510577.story. Retrieved 2010-10-28.
Further reading
- Fiorina, Carly. Tough Choices: A Memoir. Portfolio Hardcover, 2006. (hardcover: ISBN 1-59184-133-X, abridged audiobook: ISBN 0-14-305907-6)
- Anders, George. Perfect Enough: Carly Fiorina and the Reinvention of Hewlett-Packard. New York: Penguin Group, 2003. ISBN 1-59184-003-1.
- Burrows, Peter. Backfire: Carly Fiorina's High-Stakes Battle for the Soul of Hewlett-Packard. Wiley, 2003. ISBN 0-471-26765-1.
External links
- Carly Fiorina Enterprises
- Carly For California
- Biography at WhoRunsGov.com at The Washington Post
- Biography, voting record, and interest group ratings at Project Vote Smart
- Issue positions and quotes at On the Issues
- Campaign finance reports and data at the Federal Election Commission
- Appearances on C-SPAN programs
- Collected news and commentary at The New York Times
- Campaign contributions at OpenSecrets.org
Interviews and speeches
- Fiorina's keynote speech, given at MIT (October 11, 2002)
- Video timeline of tenure, compiled by CNET (February 10, 2005)
- Interview with Leslie Stahl, from 60 Minutes (October 8, 2006)
- Fiorina interview, with Forbes (October 11, 2006)
- Discussion of Tough Choices, from FORA.tv (October 19, 2006)
- Management and leadership series, from Stanford University (April 5, 2007)
- Stanford interview, from iinnovate (May 16, 2007)
- Web 2.0 Summit 09: A conversation on YouTube 2009-10-22 Alternate URL
Business positions | ||
---|---|---|
Preceded by Richard Hackborn |
Chairman of Hewlett-Packard 2000–2005 |
Succeeded by Patricia C. Dunn |
Preceded by Lewis E. Platt |
Chief Executive Officer of Hewlett-Packard 1999–2005 |
Succeeded by Robert Wayman |
President of Hewlett-Packard 1999–2005 |
Succeeded by Mark Hurd |
|
Party political offices | ||
Preceded by Bill Jones |
Republican nominee for U.S. Senator from California (Class 3) 2010 |
Most recent |
Preceded by Orrin Hatch |
Vice-Chairman of the National Republican Senatorial Committee 2011-present |
Incumbent |
|