Novorossiysk (English) Новороссийск (Russian) |
|
---|---|
- City[citation needed] - | |
Clockwise from the top: The Novorossiysk TV Tower, Lenina Square, The City Harbor, The Shore Promenade, Turkish War Monument |
|
Location of Krasnodar Krai in Russia |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
City Day | September 12[citation needed] |
Administrative status (as of December 2001) | |
Country | Russia |
Federal subject | Krasnodar Krai |
Administratively subordinated to | City of Novorossiysk[1] |
Administrative center of | City of Novorossiysk[1] |
Municipal status (as of June 2009) | |
Urban okrug | Novorossiysk Urban Okrug[2] |
Administrative center of | Novorossiysk Urban Okrug[2] |
Mayor[citation needed] | Vladimir Sinyagovsky[citation needed] |
Statistics | |
Population (2010 Census) | 241,952 inhabitants[3] |
- Rank in 2010 | 76th |
Time zone | MSK (UTC+04:00)[4] |
Founded | 1838[citation needed] |
Postal code(s) | 353900—353925[citation needed] |
Dialing code(s) | +7 8617[citation needed] |
|
|
|
Novorossiysk (Russian: Новороссийск; IPA: [nəvərɐˈsʲijsk]; Adyghe: Цӏэмэз, Ts'emez) is a city in Krasnodar Krai, Russia. It is the country's main port on the Black Sea and the leading Russian port for importing grain. It is one of the few cities honored with the title of the Hero City. Population: 241,952 (2010 Census);[3] 232,079 (2002 Census);[5] 185,938 (1989 Census).[6]
Contents |
History
In antiquity, the shores of the Tsemess Bay were the site of Bata, an ancient Greek colony that specialized in the grain trade. It is mentioned in the works of Strabo and Ptolemy, among others. Genoese merchants from the Ghisolfi family maintained a trade outpost there in the Middle Ages. Archaeological investigation of the area is in its infancy, but some interesting items have already been uncovered.[1]
From 1722, the bay was commanded by the Ottoman fortress of Sujuk-Qale or Soğucak. After the coastline was ceded to Russia in 1829 as a result of the Russo-Turkish War, admirals Mikhail Lazarev and Nikolay Raevsky founded an eastern base for the Black Sea Fleet on the shore in 1838. Named after the province of Novorossiya, the port formed a vital link in the chain of forts known as the Black Sea Coastal Line, which stretched south to Sochi.
During the rest of the 19th century, Novorossiysk developed rapidly. It was granted city status in 1866 and became the capital of the Black Sea Governorate, the smallest in the Russian Empire, in 1896. In December 1905, the city was the seat of the short-lived Novorossiysk Republic. From August 26, 1918 until March 27, 1920, Novorossiysk was the principal center of Denikin's White Army. Denikin's South Russian Government was moved to Crimea and many Whites escaped from Novorossiysk to Constantinople.
The town was occupied by the Wehrmacht on September 10, 1942, but a small unit of Soviet sailors defended one part of the town, known as Malaya Zemlya, for 225 days beginning on February 4, 1943, and the town was liberated by the Red Army on September 16, 1943. The heroic defense of the port by the sailors allowed the Soviets to retain possession of the city's bay, which prevented the Germans from using the port for supply shipments. Novorossiysk was awarded the title Hero City in 1973.
In 1960, the town was commemorated in Dmitri Shostakovich's work Novorossiysk Chimes, the Flame of Eternal Glory (Opus 111b).
In 2003, President Vladimir Putin signed a decree setting up a naval base for the Black Sea Fleet in Novorossiysk. Russia has allocated 12.3 billion rubles (about $480 million) for the construction of the new base between 2007 and 2012. The construction of other facilities and infrastructure at the base, including units for coastal troops, aviation and logistics, will continue beyond 2012.[citation needed]
The Russian lease on port facilities in Sevastopol, Ukraine's main port on the Black Sea, used by the Russian Navy, is set to expire in 2017.[7] Ukraine was reported to be planning to not renew the lease; however, in April 2010 the Russian and Ukrainian presidents signed agreements to extend the lease by twenty-five years, with an option of further extension of five years after the new term expires.
Administrative and municipal status
Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is, together with twenty-four rural localities, incorporated as the City of Novorossiysk—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[1] As a municipal division, the City of Novorossiysk is incorporated as Novorossiysk Urban Okrug.[2]
Climate
Novorossiysk has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa).
Climate data for Novorossiysk | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Average high °C (°F) | 6.4 (43.5) |
6.7 (44.1) |
10.0 (50.0) |
15.1 (59.2) |
19.7 (67.5) |
24.1 (75.4) |
27.6 (81.7) |
27.7 (81.9) |
23.1 (73.6) |
17.3 (63.1) |
12.9 (55.2) |
9.3 (48.7) |
16.9 (62.4) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 3.2 (37.8) |
3.8 (38.8) |
6.6 (43.9) |
11.6 (52.9) |
16.2 (61.2) |
20.5 (68.9) |
23.9 (75.0) |
23.5 (74.3) |
19.0 (66.2) |
13.5 (56.3) |
9.6 (49.3) |
6.3 (43.3) |
13.4 (56.1) |
Average low °C (°F) | 0.0 (32.0) |
0.8 (33.4) |
3.4 (38.1) |
8.4 (47.1) |
12.9 (55.2) |
17.0 (62.6) |
20.1 (68.2) |
19.7 (67.5) |
15.2 (59.4) |
10.0 (50.0) |
6.5 (43.7) |
3.2 (37.8) |
10.0 (50.0) |
Precipitation mm (inches) | 125.6 (4.945) |
76.4 (3.008) |
71.4 (2.811) |
46.8 (1.843) |
40.8 (1.606) |
37.2 (1.465) |
41.1 (1.618) |
48.3 (1.902) |
56.2 (2.213) |
65.6 (2.583) |
73.9 (2.909) |
149.5 (5.886) |
833.1 (32.799) |
Source: climatebase.ru[8] |
Economy
The city sprawls along the shore of the non-freezing Tsemess Bay, which has been recognized since antiquity as one of the superior bays of the Black Sea.
The Novorossiysk Commercial Sea Port–with the market capitalization of $1,110,000,000 and shares listed at Moscow Exchange and London Stock Exchange–serves Russian sea trade with regions of Asia, Middle East, Africa] Mediterranean, and South America. It is the busiest oil port in the Black Sea and the terminus of the pipeline from the Tengiz Field, developed by the Caspian Pipeline Consortium.
Novorossiysk is also an industrial city, dependent on steel, food processing, and the production of metal goods and other manufactures. Extensive limestone quarries supply important cement factories in and around the city. The town is home to the Maritime State Academy and Novorossiysk Polytechnic Institute.
Transport
Novorossiysk is connected by rail and highways to the main industrial and population centres of Russia, Transcaucasia, and Central Asia. The public transportation within the city boundaries consists of city buses, trolleybuses, and marshrutkas (routed taxis). However, with time, more and more people rely on automobiles as primary means of transportation.
The closest airport, Anapa Airport, is located in nearby Anapa and offers flights to several major cities in Russia.
Sports
The city association football team, FC Chernomorets Novorossiysk, plays in the Russian first Division.
Environs
Novorossiysk is not a resort town, but Anapa to the north and Gelendzhik to the south are. There are several urban settlements under the jurisdiction of Novorossiysk. The most famous is Abrau-Dyurso, which consists of a townlet on the shore of Lake Abrau and a village on the coast of the Black Sea, connected by a winding mountain road.
The area of Novorossiysk is one of Russia's main wine-growing regions. The wineries of Abrau-Dyurso, established by Tsar Alexander III in 1870, produce table and sparkling wines for domestic consumption.
Buildings and structures
Shopping Mall "Krasnaya Ploshad"
"Lenin's" Amusement Park
Notable residents
Twin towns and sister cities
Novorossiysk is twinned with: Novorossiysk has twelve sister cities[9]
- Plymouth, United Kingdom (since 1956)
- Livorno, Italy (since 1967)
- Valparaíso, Chile (since 1968)
- Gijón, Spain (since 1986)
- Gainesville, Florida, United States (since 1988)
- Varna, Bulgaria (since 1999)
- Pula, Croatia (since 1999)
- Constanţa, Romania (since 2002)
- Samsun, Turkey (since 2007)
- Tomsk, Russia (since 2008)
- Gavar, Armenia (since 2009)
- Novo Mesto, Slovenia (since 2010)
References
Notes
- ^ a b c Reference Information #20-2969/11-03
- ^ a b c Law #686-KZ
- ^ a b "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1)]" (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census). Federal State Statistics Service. 2011. http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/perepis_itogi1612.htm. Retrieved June 29, 2012.
- ^ Правительство Российской Федерации. Постановление №725 от 31 августа 2011 г. «О составе территорий, образующих каждую часовую зону, и порядке исчисления времени в часовых зонах, а также о признании утратившими силу отдельных Постановлений Правительства Российской Федерации». Вступил в силу по истечении 7 дней после дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Российская Газета", №197, 6 сентября 2011 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Resolution #725 of August 31, 2011 On the Composition of the Territories Included into Each Time Zone and on the Procedures of Timekeeping in the Time Zones, as Well as on Abrogation of Several Resolutions of the Government of the Russian Federation. Effective as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication.).
- ^ "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, its federal districts, federal subjects, districts, urban localities, rural localities—administrative centers, and rural localities with population of over 3,000]" (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002). Federal State Statistics Service. May 21, 2004. http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/doc/1_TOM_01_04.xls. Retrieved February 9, 2012.
- ^ Demoscope Weekly (1989). "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров. [All Union Population Census of 1989. Present population of union and autonomous republics, autonomous oblasts and okrugs, krais, oblasts, districts, urban settlements, and villages serving as district administrative centers]" (in Russian). Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года (All-Union Population Census of 1989). Institute of Demographics of the State University—Higher School of Economics. http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus89_reg.php. Retrieved February 9, 2012.
- ^ Michael J. Strauss (January 9, 2009). "And when the lease on Sevastopol expires?". International Herald Tribune. http://www.iht.com/articles/2009/01/09/opinion/edstrauss.php. Retrieved 2009-01-09.
- ^ "Climatebase". http://climatebase.ru/station/37000/?lang=en. Retrieved June 28, 2012.
- ^ "Международные Связи - Администрация муниципального образования город-герой Новороссийск" (in Russian). http://www.admnvrsk.ru/aboutcity/foreginlinks/index.php. Retrieved December 21, 2011.
Sources
- Департамент по взаимодействию с правоохранительными органами администрации Краснодарского края. Справочная информация №20-2969/11-03 от 9 декабря 2011 г. «Выписка из реестра административно-территориальных единиц Краснодарского края». (Department of Cooperation with the Public Safety Organs of the Administration of Krasnodar Krai. Reference Information #20-2969/11-03 of December 9, 2001 Excerpt from the Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Units of Krasnodar Krai. ).
- Законодательное Собрание Краснодарского края. Закон №686-КЗ от 1 апреля 2004 г. «Об установлении границ муниципального образования город Новороссийск и наделении его статусом городского округа», в ред. Закона №1756-КЗ от 3 июня 2009 г «О внесении изменений в некоторые законодательные акты Краснодарского края об установлении границ муниципальных образований». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Кубанские новости", №64–65, 17 апреля 2004 г. (Legislative Assembly of Krasnodar Krai. Law #686-KZ of April 1, 2004 On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formation of the City of Novorossiysk and on Granting It Urban Okrug Status, as amended by the Law #1756-KZ of June 3, 2009 On Amending Various Legislative Acts of Krasnodar Krai on Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations. Effective as of the day of the official publication.).
External links
- Official website of Novorossiysk (Russian)
- Novorossiysk commercial sea port
- Informational portal of city (Russian)
- Our Novorossiysk (Russian)
- Photos of Novorossiysk (Russian)
- Soviet topographic map 1:100,000
|