Erode district ஈரோடு மாவட்டம் |
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— District — | |
Confluence of the Bhavani and Kaveri Rivers | |
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Coordinates: 11°21′N 77°44′E / 11.350°N 77.733°ECoordinates: 11°21′N 77°44′E / 11.350°N 77.733°E | |
Country | India |
State | Tamil Nadu |
Region | Western Tamil Nadu (Kongu Nadu) |
Headquarters | Erode |
Revenue Division | Erode, Gobichettipalayam |
Government | |
• Collector | Dr. V K Shanmugam IAS |
Area | |
• District | 2,198 sq mi (5,692 km2) |
Population (2011)[1] | |
• District | 22,59,608 |
• Density | 1,030/sq mi (397/km2) |
• Metro | 1,500,000 |
Languages | |
• Official | Tamil |
Time zone | IST (UTC+5:30) |
PIN | 638*** |
Telephone code | 0424 (Erode) 04285 (Gobichettipalayam) 04256 (Bhavani) 04295 (Sathyamangalam) |
ISO 3166 code | ISO 3166-2:IN |
Vehicle registration | TN 33 (Erode) TN 36 (Gobichettipalayam) TN 56 (Perundurai) [2] |
Largest city | Erode |
Sex ratio | M-51%/F-49% ♂/♀ |
Literacy | 72.96% |
Lok Sabha seats | 3 |
Vidhan Sabha seats | 8 |
Central location: | 11°15′N 77°19′E / 11.250°N 77.317°E |
Precipitation | 700 millimetres (28 in) |
Avg. summer temperature | 35 °C (95 °F) |
Avg. winter temperature | 18 °C (64 °F) |
Website | www.erode.tn.nic.in |
Erode District (previously known as Periyar District) is one of the industrialized districts located in the western part (Kongu Nadu) of the state of Tamil Nadu, India. The headquarters of the district is Erode and it is divided into two revenue divisions namely Erode and Gobichettipalayam. Periyar district was a part of Coimbatore District before its bifurcation on September 17, 1979 and was renamed as Erode District in 1996. Mathematician Srinivasa Ramanujan and social reformer Periyar were from here.
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History
The area belonging to the district was ruled successively by several dynasties of South India. It was under the rule of Cheras and Cholas during the early years. The district was occupied by Tipu Sultan in 18th century from the Madurai rulers and after the Mysore wars in 1799, the district was occupied by the British until the Indian independence in 1947. It was a part of the Coimbatore district until its bifurcation in 1979.
Demographics
Erode district had a population of 22,59,608 as of 2011. It is 46.25% urbanised as per Census 2001.[3] The district has a literacy rate of 72.96% and is on the rise. Erode is the largest city in the district followed by Gobichettipalayam which is another major center.
Geography
The district is bounded by Chamarajanagar district of Karnataka to the north, and by Kaveri River to the east. Across the Kaveri lies Salem, Namakkal and Karur districts. Tirupur District lies immediately to the south, and Coimbatore and the Nilgiris district lies to the west. Erode District is landlocked and is situated at between 10 36” and 11 58” north latitude and between 76 49” and 77 58” east longitude. Western Ghats traverses across the district giving rise to small hill locks.
The district comprises a long undulating plain, sloping gently towards the Kaveri river in the south-east. Three major tributaries of river Kaveri, the Bhavani, Noyyal and Amaravati, run across the long stretch of mountains in the north. Other significant rivers are Palar in the north and Vatamalaikarai odai and Uppar rivers in the south. The Palar constitutes the boundary between Erode district and Karnataka in the north. The Bhavanisagar Dam and Kodiveri Dam provide storage facilities and numerous canals along with these rivers provide proper drainage and facilities for irrigation in the district.
Bhavani River
Bhavani rises in the Western Ghats of Silent Valley National Park in Palakkad District of Kerala. It receives the Siruvani River which has the second tastiest water in the world, a perennial stream of Coimbatore District, and gets reinforced by the Kundah river before entering Erode District in Sathyamangalam. Bhavani is more or less a perennial river fed mostly by the southwest monsoon. The northeast monsoon also supplements its water resources. This river runs for over hundred miles through Erode District, traversing Bhavani and Gobichettipalayam taluks. It feeds the Bhavanisagar reservoir, which takes an easterly course after Sathyamangalam taluk. Near Gobichettipalayam lies the Kodiveri Dam, a mini dam constructed for agricultural purposes. It ultimately joins Kaveri in the island of Bhavani, Tamil Nadu, near Erode, with a holistic tributary river of Amutha Nathi, hence called Tiriveni Sangamam. The place where Bhavani joins with Kaveri River is famous for Sri Sangameshwara Temple of Lord Shiva, where according to the Hindu customs people perform the last rights for deceased near and dears.
Kaveri River
Kaveri rises in the Western Ghats of Kodagu (Coorg) District, in Karnataka, and is joined by many small tributaries. It runs eastward through Karnataka, and at Hogenakal fall takes a sharp turn, east to south. Before reaching this point, it is joined by its main tributary, the Kabini River. From here it runs towards the southeast, forming the boundary between Bhavani Taluk of Erode District and Tiruchengode Taluk of the neighbouring Namakkal District. The Bhavani River joins the Kaveri at the town of Bhavani.
Climate
The climate is mostly dry and characterised by good rainfall. Unlike nearby Coimbatore district, Erode District has dry weather throughout the year except during the monsoons. The Palghat Gap in Western Ghats, which has a moderating effect on the climate of Coimbatore district, does not help in bringing down the dry climate in this area. The cool moist wind that gushes out of the west coast through Palghat gap loses its coolness and becomes dry by the time it crosses Coimbatore district and reaches Erode.
Generally the first two months of the year are pleasant, but in March the temperature begins to rise, which persists till the end of May. The highest temperatures are normally recorded during May. The scanty showers during this period do not provide much relief from the oppressive heat. However, there is an improvement in the climate during the June–August period. During the pre-monsoon period, the temperature reverses its trend. By September the sky gets heavily overcast, although the rains pour down. The northeast monsoon sets in vigorously only during October–November, and by December the rains disappear, rendering the climate clear and cold.
Administration
Erode District is separated into 2 revenue divisions namely: Erode and Gobichettipalayam. The district is divided into 6 taluks namely: Anthiyur, Bhavani, Erode, Gobichettipalayam, Perundurai, Satyamangalam. Erode District consists of the municipal corporation of Erode and 4 other municipalities[4] as listed below:
- Selection Grade: Gobichettipalayam
- Grade I: Sathyamangalam
- Grade II: Bhavani, Punjai Puliampatti
Politics
Erode District is divided between 3 Parliamentary Constituencies namely: Erode, Nilgiris and Tirupur. The district consists of 8 assembly constituencies namely Anthiyur, Bhavani, Bhavani Sagar, Erode East, Erode West, Gobichettipalayam, Modakurichi and Perundurai.
Assembly Constituency |
Political Party |
Elected Representative |
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Anthiyur | AIADMK | S. S. Ramanitharan |
Bhavani | AIADMK | P. G. Narayanan |
Bhavani Sagar | CPI | P. L. Sundaram |
Erode East | DMDK | V. C. Chandhirakumar |
Erode West | AIADMK | K. V. Ramalingam |
Gobichettipalayam | AIADMK | K. A. Sengottaiyan |
Modakurichi | AIADMK | R. N. Kittusamy |
Perundurai | AIADMK | N. D. Venkatachalam |
Lok Sabha Constituency |
Political Party |
Elected Representative |
Erode | MDMK | A. Ganesha Murthi |
Tirupur | AIADMK | C. Sivasami |
Nilgiris | DMK | A. Raja |
Source: Indian Elections / Election Commission of India.[5][6] |
Economy
Agriculture is the most important income source of this district. Paddy, Plantain, Groundnut, cotton, turmeric, coconut and sugarcane are some of the agricultural products. With 43% share, the district is the top turmeric producer in Tamil Nadu.[1]. Erode is also known as "The Turmeric City" as is one of the largest turmeric producers in the world. Erode District is an important market center for turmeric, a spice commonly used in curries. Turmeric is also used as a fabric dye. Erode district is also the leading producer of plantain, coconuts and white silk in Tamil Nadu.
Gobichettipalayam is well known for its white silk, cotton, plantain and coconut production. The country's first automated silk reeling unit is in Gobichettipalayam. Erode is also well known for handloom, powerloom textile products and ready-made garments and hence called the powerloom city of India. Products such as cotton sarees, bed spreads, carpets, lungies, printed fabrics, towels, dhotis are marketed there. In mid-2005, Bhavani Jamakkalam (Bhavani Bedsheets) was registered as a Geographical Indication by the Government of India. Nowadays more and more spinning mills which produce yarn for the power loom are set up in and around the town of Erode. Chennimalai is also famous for textiles.Punjai Puliampatti has the second largest weekly shandy in Tamil Nadu and it is one of the leading tobacco producers in Tamil Nadu. Anthiyur shandy and Modachur shandy are famous for cattle.[citation needed]
Transport
The transportation system in the district is already well developed. Erode, being one of the prominent trading centers in the state, is well connected with all modern means of transport except air transport. The district is accessible by both road and rail from the state capital Chennai and other major cities. The district is divided into two RTO sub-divisions namely Erode and Gobichettipalayam.
Rail
The district has one major railway station namely, Erode Junction. It was built by the British to connect the west coast of India to the east coast of India. There are state of art ISO certified diesel and electric locomotive sheds at Erode Junction. Erode Junction, which has the distinction of being the third cleanest railway junction in India serves as the hub for water filling facilities and food provisions.
Road
The district is well connected by road. The following is the list of major arterial roads:
National Highways
- NH-47 connecting Chennai – Salem – Coimbatore – Cochin – Kanyakumari passes via Bhavani, Chithode and Perundurai
- NH-209 connecting Bangalore – Coimbatore – Dindigul passes via Sathyamangalam
Proposed Highways
- NH 67-A, which splits from Karur to Erode, and reaches Mysore via Gobichettipalayam, Sathyamangalam and Chamarajanagar and to Bangalore via Anthiyur and Kanakapura.
- NH 209-A, connecting Sathyamangalam – Gobichettipalayam – Erode – Karur - Dindigul
State Highways
- SH-15 connecting Erode – Gobichettipalayam – Sathyamangalam – Mettupalayam - Ooty
- SH-20 connecting Erode – Bhavani – Mettur Dam – Mecheri – Thoppur (om NH-7)
- SH-37 connecting Mettur – Erode – Kangeyam – Dharapuram – Palani
- SH-79 connecting Erode – Tiruchengode – Rasipuram – Attur
- SH-81 connecting Gobichettipalayam – Uthukuli – Kangeyam – Dharapuram
- SH-82 connecting Sathyamangalam – Athani – Bhavani
- SH-84 connecting Erode – Kodumudi – Karur
- SH-84A connecting Erode – Modakurichi – Moolanur
- SH-96 connecting Erode – Perundurai – Chennimalai – Kangeyam
The Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation Coimbatore division-II headquartered at Erode (originally called as Jeeva Transport Corporation) services the inter and intra city routes. The State Express Bus Corporation (SETC) operates express services to major cities across the state. Erode central bus stand, which serves as a major hub is the second largest in the state in terms of area after CMBT, Chennai.
Distances of Taluk Headquarters from Erode
Sl no | Town | Distance (km) |
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1 | Bhavani | 15 |
2 | Gobichettipalayam | 35 |
3 | Perundurai | 20 |
4 | Sathyamangalam | 65 |
Air Transport
The nearest airport is the Coimbatore International Airport, which is 85 km (53 mi) by road.
Other modes
Navigable waterways are available at five places in the district.
Communication
The district is also served by an extensive Postal, Telegraph and Telephone networks. It is connected to the rest of the state by subscriber trunk dialing system (STD). The district is divided into two postal divisions namely Erode and Gobichettipalayam. There are 3 head post offices at Erode, Bhavani and Gobichettipalayam apart from 319 other post offices. The district is serviced by almost all the leading mobile phone operators.
Education
Erode district has several facilities for higher education including a Medical College at Perundurai and many Engineering colleges and Arts and Science Colleges.The district is divided into two educational districts, Gobichettipalayam and Erode. Massachusetts Institute of Technology center of research and laboratory for rapid urbanization and architecture is located at Erode.
Places of Interest
The district has many places of interest attracting tourist from all over the state and other neighboring states. Notable of them include Bhavanisagar Dam, Kodiveri Dam, Sathyamangalam Wildlife Sanctuary and Vellode Birds Sanctuary. Pilgrimage centers include Sangameswarar Temple, Bhavani, Pariyur Kondathu Kaliamman Temple, Amarapaneeswarar Temple and Adinarayana Swamy Temple, Pariyur, Gobichettipalayam, Bannari Mariamman Temple, Bannari, Periya Mariamman Temple, Erode,Thambikaliayyan Temple,[Kavindapadi], Thindal Murugan Temple, Erode, Balamurugan Temple, Pachaimalai and Muthukumaraswamy Temple, Pavalamalai, Gobichettipalayam, Chennimalai Murugan Temple, Chennimalai, Magudeswarar Temple, Kodumudi, Velayuthaswami Temple and Sri Ponkaliamman Temple, Sivagiri, Vijayapuriamman Temple, Vijayamangalam, Jain Temple, Vijayamangalam, Gurunathaswamy Temple and Badhrakali Amman Temple, Anthiyur.
Important Personalities
- Dheeran Chinnamalai, Kongu chieftain
- Periyar E. V. Ramasamy, social reformer
- Srinivasa Ramanujan, renowned mathematician
- E. V. K. Sampath, politician and Tamil orator
- E. V. K. S. Elangovan, former Union minister representing INC
- K. B. Sundarambal, a renowned stage artist and singer
- Sundar.C, actor and film director in Tamil film industry
- Bhagyaraj, actor and film director in Tamil film industry
- Kutraleeswaran, marathon swimmer
Image Gallery
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Gobichettipalayam, the second largest city in Erode District
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Brough Road, one of the arterial roads in Erode
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Fabrics, like rugs, made in Erode are famous in India
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Turmeric powder, used extensively in Indian cuisine
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Sri Pariyur Kondathu Kaliamman Temple, Pariyur
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Sri Amarapaneeswarar Temple, Pariyur
See also
References
- ^ "2011 Census of India" (Excel). Indian government. 16 April 2011.
- ^ www.tn.gov.in
- ^ Census 2001
- ^ http://www.tn.gov.in/cma/municipalities/municipalities_gradewise.html
- ^ "Election results". Indian Elections.
- ^ "Parties Statistics". Election Commission of India.
External links
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Chamarajanagar district, Karnataka | Dharmapuri district | ||
Nilgiris district | Salem district | |||
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Coimbatore district | Tiruppur district | Namakkal district Karur district |
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