This article is about the year 1816.
Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
---|---|
Centuries: | 18th century – 19th century – 20th century |
Decades: | 1780s 1790s 1800s – 1810s – 1820s 1830s 1840s |
Years: | 1813 1814 1815 – 1816 – 1817 1818 1819 |
1816 in topic: |
Humanities |
Archaeology – Architecture – Art – Literature – Music |
By country |
Australia – Brazil - Canada – France – Germany – Mexico – Philippines – South Africa – United Kingdom – United States |
Other topics |
Rail Transport – Science – Sports |
Lists of leaders |
Colonial Governors – State leaders |
Birth and death categories |
Births – Deaths |
Establishments and disestablishments categories |
Establishments – Disestablishments |
Works category |
Works |
Gregorian calendar | 1816 MDCCCXVI |
Ab urbe condita | 2569 |
Armenian calendar | 1265 ԹՎ ՌՄԿԵ |
Assyrian calendar | 6566 |
Bahá'í calendar | −28 – −27 |
Bengali calendar | 1223 |
Berber calendar | 2766 |
British Regnal year | 56 Geo. 3 – 57 Geo. 3 |
Buddhist calendar | 2360 |
Burmese calendar | 1178 |
Byzantine calendar | 7324–7325 |
Chinese calendar | 乙亥年 (Wood Pig) 4512 or 4452 — to — 丙子年 (Fire Rat) 4513 or 4453 |
Coptic calendar | 1532–1533 |
Discordian calendar | 2982 |
Ethiopian calendar | 1808–1809 |
Hebrew calendar | 5576–5577 |
Hindu calendars | |
- Vikram Samvat | 1872–1873 |
- Shaka Samvat | 1738–1739 |
- Kali Yuga | 4917–4918 |
Holocene calendar | 11816 |
Igbo calendar | 816–817 |
Iranian calendar | 1194–1195 |
Islamic calendar | 1231–1232 |
Japanese calendar | Bunka 13 (文化13年) |
Juche calendar | N/A |
Julian calendar | Gregorian minus 12 days |
Korean calendar | 4149 |
Minguo calendar | 96 before ROC 民前96年 |
Thai solar calendar | 2359 |
Year 1816 (MDCCCXVI) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar. This year was known as the 'Year Without a Summer' because of low temperatures in the Northern Hemisphere, the result of the Mount Tambora volcanic eruption in Indonesia in 1815.
Events
January–March
- January 6 – Tsar Alexander I of Russia signs an order for the expulsion of the Jesuits from St. Petersburg and Moscow.[1]
- January 7 – Sir Humphry Davy tests the Davy lamp for miners at Hebburn Colliery.
- January 17 – Fire nearly destroys the city of St. John's, Newfoundland.
- February 8 – The Governorate of Estonia of the Russian Empire emancipates its peasants from serfdom.
- February 10 – Friedrich Karl Ludwig, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck, dies and is succeeded by Friedrich Wilhelm, his son and founder of the House of Glücksburg.
- February 20 – Gioachino Rossini's opera buffa The Barber of Seville premières at the Teatro Argentina in Rome.
April–June
- April 10 – The Second Bank of the United States obtains its charter.
- April 11 – In Philadelphia, the African Methodist Episcopal Church is established by Richard Allen and other African-American Methodists, the first such denomination completely independent of White churches.
- May 2 – Leopold of Saxe-Coburg (later King of the Belgians) marries Charlotte Augusta, but she dies the next year.
- June 19 – Battle of Seven Oaks: The Hudson's Bay Company is defeated by the North West Company, near Winnipeg, Canada.
July–September
- July – Lord Byron, Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin, Percy Bysshe Shelley and John Polidori, gathered at the Villa Diodati by Lake Geneva in a rainy Switzerland, tell each other tales. This gives rise to two classic Gothic narratives, Mary Shelley's Frankenstein and Polidori's The Vampyre.
- July 9 – Argentina declares independence from Spain.
- July 17 – The French passenger ship Medusa runs aground off the coast of Senegal, with 140 lives lost in the botched rescue that takes weeks, leading to a scandal in the French government.
- August 14 – The United Kingdom formally annexes the Tristan da Cunha archipelago in the southern Atlantic Ocean, ruling it from the Cape Colony.
- August 24 – The Treaty of St. Louis is signed in St. Louis, Missouri.
- August 27 – Bombardment of Algiers: Various European Allies ships force the Dey of Algiers to free Christian slaves.
October–December
- October 21 – Penang Free School is founded by Rev. Sparke Hutchings on the island of Penang (in modern-day Malaysia).
- November 6 – James Monroe defeats Rufus King in the United States presidential election.
- November 19 – University of Warsaw established.
- December 11 – Indiana is admitted as the 19th U.S. state.
- December 12 – Merger of the thrones of Sicily and Naples into the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies under King Ferdinand I.
- December 21 – American Colonization Society established to support the emigration of free African Americans to Africa.
Date unknown
- Shaka starts to rule the Zulu Kingdom at about this date.
- Banjul, capital of the Gambia, is founded as a trading post, and named Bathurst.
- René Laennec invents the stethoscope.
- E. Remington and Sons (the famous firearm and later typewriter manufacturing company) is founded.
- Robert Stirling patents his Stirling engine, then known as Stirling's air engine.
- A rail capable of supporting a heavy locomotive is developed.
Births
January–June
- January 3 – Samuel C. Pomeroy, American politician and railroad executive (d. 1891)
- January 30 – Nathaniel P. Banks, American politician and general (d. 1894)
- March 14 – William Marsh Rice, American university founder (d. 1900)
- March 29 – Tsultrim Gyatso, 10th Dalai Lama (d. 1837)
- April 21 – Charlotte Brontë, British novelist (d. 1855)
- April 22 – Charles-Denis Bourbaki, French general (d. 1897)
- April 25 – Eliza Daniel Stewart, American temperance movement leader (d. 1908)
- May 24 – Emanuel Leutze, American painter (d. 1868)
- June 19 – William Henry Webb, American industrialist and philanthropist (d. 1899)
- June 30 – Richard Lindon, Inventor of the Rugby Ball (d. 1887)
July–December
- July 4 – Arthur de Gobineau, French diplomat and author (d. 1882)
- July 23 – Charlotte Cushman, American stage actress (d. 1876)
- July 31 – George Henry Thomas, American general (d. 1870)
- August 4 – William Julian Albert, U.S. Congressman (d. 1879)
- August 16 – Charles John Vaughan, English scholar (d. 1897)
- November 3 – Jubal Early, Confederate general (d. 1894)
- November 17 – August Wilhelm Ambros, Austrian composer (d. 1876)
- December 13 – Werner von Siemens, German inventor and industrialist (d. 1892)
- December 14 – Abraham Hochmuth, Hungarian rabbi (d. 1889)
Date unknown
- Félix Charles Douay, French General (d. 1879)
- Francis Dutton, Premier of South Australia (d. 1877)
Deaths
January–June
- January 27 – Samuel Hood, 1st Viscount Hood, British admiral (b. 1724)
- February 6 – Maria Ludwika Rzewuska, Polish szlachcianka (b. 1744)
- February 22 – Adam Ferguson, Scottish philosopher and historian (b. 1723)
- March 3 - Johann August von Starck, German pastor (b. 1741)
- March 19 – Philip Mazzei, Italian physician and friend of Thomas Jefferson (b. 1730)
- March 20 – Queen Maria I of Portugal (b. 1734)
- June 5 – Giovanni Paisiello, Italian composer (b. 1751)
- June 12 – Pierre Augereau, Marshal of France and duc de Castiglione (b. 1757)
July–December
- July 5 – Dorothy Jordan, actress, mistress of King William IV of the United Kingdom (b. 1761)
- July 7 – Richard Brinsley Sheridan, Irish playwright (b. 1751)
- July 14 – Sebastián Francisco de Miranda y Rodríguez, forerunner of Latin American independence.
- August 9 – Johann August Apel, German writer and jurist (b. 1771)
- September 27 – Edward Charles Howard, British chemist and chemical engineer (b. 1774)
- November 8 – Gouverneur Morris, American statesman (b. 1752)
- December 15 – Charles Stanhope, 3rd Earl Stanhope, English statesman and scientist (b. 1753)
- December 30 – Louis Henri Loison, French general (b. 1771)
- Date unknown - Bénédict Chastanier, French surgeon (b. 1739) (approximate date)
References
- ^ Who were Czars Alexander I and Alexander II of Russia?, toughissues.org (accessed 2013-12-13)