July 9 is the 190th day of the year (191st in leap years ) in the Gregorian calendar . There are 175 days remaining until the end of the year.
Events
455 – The Roman military commander Avitus is proclaimed Emperor of the Western Roman Empire .
491 – Odoacer makes a night assault with his Heruli guardsmen, engaging Theoderic the Great in Ad Pinetam. Both sides suffer heavy losses, but in the end Theodoric forces Odoacer back into Ravenna .
660 – Battle of Hwangsanbeol : Korean forces under general Kim Yu-shin defeat the army of Baekje at Nonsan (South Korea ).
869 – A magnitude 8.6Ms earthquake and subsequent tsunami strikes the area around Sendai in the northern part of Honshu , Japan.
1357 – Emperor Charles IV assists in laying the foundation stone of Charles Bridge in Prague .
1386 – The Old Swiss Confederacy makes great strides in establishing control over its territory by soundly defeating the Archduchy of Austria in the Battle of Sempach .
1540 – King Henry VIII of England annuls his marriage to his fourth wife, Anne of Cleves .
1572 – Nineteen Catholics suffer martyrdom for their beliefs in the Dutch town of Gorkum .
1701 – War of the Spanish Succession : Austrians defeat France in the Battle of Carpi .
1745 – War of the Austrian Succession : French victory in the Battle of Melle allows them to capture Ghent in the days after.
1755 – French and Indian War : Braddock Expedition – British troops and colonial militiamen are ambushed and suffer a devastating defeat by French and Native American forces.
1776 – George Washington orders the Declaration of Independence to be read out loud to members of the Continental Army in New York, New York , for the first time.
1789 – In Versailles , the National Assembly reconstitutes itself as the National Constituent Assembly and begins preparations for a French constitution .
1790 – Russo-Swedish War : Second Battle of Svensksund – in the Baltic Sea , the Swedish Navy captures one third of the Russian fleet .
1793 – The Act Against Slavery is passed in Upper Canada and the importation of slaves into Lower Canada is prohibited.
1807 – The Treaties of Tilsit are signed by Napoleon I of France and Alexander I of Russia .
1810 – Napoleon annexes the Kingdom of Holland as part of the First French Empire .
1811 – Explorer David Thompson posts a sign at the confluence of the Columbia and Snake Rivers (in modern Washington state , US), claiming the land for the United Kingdom.
1815 – Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord becomes the first Prime Minister of France .
1816 – Argentina declares independence from Spain.
1821 – Four hundred seventy prominent Cypriots including Archbishop Kyprianos are executed in response to Cypriot aid to the Greek War of Independence
1850 – U.S. President Zachary Taylor dies and Millard Fillmore succeeds him as 13th President of the United States.
1850 – Persian prophet Báb is executed in Tabriz , Persia .
1863 – American Civil War : The Siege of Port Hudson ends.
1868 – The 14th Amendment to the United States Constitution is ratified guaranteeing African Americans full citizenship and all persons in the United States due process of law.
1875 – Outbreak of the Herzegovina Uprising against Ottoman rule, which would last until 1878 and have far-reaching implications throughout the Balkans.
1877 – The inaugural Wimbledon Championships begins.
1896 – William Jennings Bryan delivers his Cross of Gold speech advocating bimetallism at the 1896 Democratic National Convention in Chicago .
1900 – Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom gives Royal Assent to an Act creating Australia thus uniting separate colonies on the continent under one federal government .
1900 – Boxer Rebellion : The Governor of Shanxi province in North China orders the execution of 45 foreign Christian missionaries and local church members, including children.
1903 – Future Soviet dictator Joseph Stalin is exiled to Siberia for three years.
1918 – Great Train Wreck of 1918 : In Nashville, Tennessee , an inbound local train collides with an outbound express killing 101 and injuring 171 people, making it the deadliest rail accident in United States history.
1922 – Johnny Weissmuller swims the 100 meters freestyle in 58.6 seconds breaking the world swimming record and the 'minute barrier'.
1932 – The state of São Paulo revolts against the Brazilian Federal Government, starting the Constitutionalist Revolution .
1943 – World War II : Operation Husky – Allied forces perform an amphibious invasion of Sicily .
1944 – World War II: Battle of Normandy – British and Canadian forces capture Caen , France.
1944 – World War II: Battle of Saipan – American forces take Saipan in the Mariana Islands .
1944 – World War II: Battle of Tali-Ihantala – Finland wins the Battle of Tali-Ihantala, the largest battle ever fought in northern Europe. The Red Army withdraws its troops from Ihantala and digs into a defensive position, thus ending the Vyborg–Petrozavodsk Offensive .
1955 – The Russell–Einstein Manifesto is released by Bertrand Russell in London, England, United Kingdom .
1958 – Lituya Bay is hit by a megatsunami . The wave is recorded at 30 to 91 meters high, the largest in recorded history.
1961 – Turkish voters approve the Turkish Constitution of 1961 in a referendum.
1962 – The Starfish Prime high-altitude nuclear test is conducted by the United States.
1962 – Andy Warhol 's Campbell's Soup Cans exhibition opens at the Ferus Gallery in Los Angeles.
1972 – The Troubles : In Belfast , British Army snipers shoot five civilians dead in the Springhill Massacre .
1979 – A car bomb destroys a Renault motor car owned by the famed "Nazi hunters " Serge and Beate Klarsfeld at their home in France. A note purportedly from ODESSA claims responsibility.
1981 – Donkey Kong , a video game created by Nintendo , is released. The game marks the debut of Nintendo's future mascot, Mario .
1986 – The Parliament of New Zealand passes the Homosexual Law Reform Act legalising homosexuality in New Zealand .
1993 – The Parliament of Canada passes the Nunavut Act leading to the 1999 creation of Nunavut , dividing the Northwest Territories into arctic (Inuit ) and sub-arctic (Dene ) lands based on a plebiscite .
1999 – Days of student protests begin after Iranian police and hardliners attack a student dormitory at the University of Tehran .
2011 – South Sudan gains independence and secedes from Sudan .
Births
1511 – Dorothea of Saxe-Lauenburg (d. 1571)
1577 – Thomas West, 3rd Baron De La Warr , English politician, Colonial Governor of Virginia (d. 1618)
1578 – Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1637)
1654 – Emperor Reigen of Japan (d. 1732)
1686 – Philip Livingston , American politician (d. 1749)
1689 – Alexis Piron , French playwright (d. 1773)
1721 – Johann Nikolaus Götz , German poet (d. 1781)
1753 – William Waldegrave, 1st Baron Radstock , English admiral and politician, 34th Lieutenant Governor Governor of Newfoundland (d. 1825)
1764 – Ann Radcliffe , English author (d. 1823)
1775 – Matthew Lewis , English author and playwright (d. 1818)
1786 – Princess Sophie Hélène Béatrice of France (d. 1787)
1800 – Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle , German physician, pathologist, and anatomist (d. 1885)
1808 – Alexander William Doniphan , American lawyer and colonel (d. 1887)
1819 – Elias Howe , American inventor, invented the sewing machine (d. 1867)
1825 – Addison Crandall Gibbs , American politician, 2nd Governor of Oregon (d. 1886)
1828 – Luigi Oreglia di Santo Stefano , Italian cardinal (d. 1913)
1834 – Jan Neruda , Czech journalist and poet (d. 1891)
1836 – Camille of Renesse-Breidbach (d. 1904)
1848 – Robert I, Duke of Parma (d. 1907)
1858 – Franz Boas , German-American anthropologist and linguist (d. 1942)
1867 – Georges Lecomte , French author and playwright (d. 1958)
1878 – Eduard Sõrmus , Estonian violinist (d. 1940)
1879 – Carlos Chagas , Brazilian physician and parasitologist (d. 1934)
1879 – Ottorino Respighi , Italian composer and conductor (d. 1936)
1887 – James Ormsbee Chapin , American-Canadian painter and illustrator (d. 1975)
1887 – Samuel Eliot Morison , American admiral and historian (d. 1976)
1889 – Léo Dandurand , American-Canadian ice hockey player, coach, and referee (d. 1964)
1893 – George Geary , English cricketer and coach (d. 1981)
1896 – Maria Gomes Valentim , Brazilian super-centenarian (d. 2011)
1901 – Barbara Cartland , English author (d. 2000)
1901 – Konstantinos Kallias , Greek politician (d. 2004)
1903 – Arthur Walworth , American author (d. 2005)
1905 – Clarence Campbell , Canadian ice hockey player and referee (d. 1984)
1907 – Eddie Dean , American singer-songwriter and actor (d. 1999)
1908 – Allamah Rasheed Turabi , Pakistani philosopher and scholar (d. 1973)
1908 – Minor White , American photographer (d. 1976)
1909 – Basil Wolverton , American author and illustrator (d. 1978)
1911 – Mervyn Peake , English author and illustrator (d. 1968)
1911 – John Archibald Wheeler , American physicist and author (d. 2008)
1914 – Willi Stoph , German engineer and politician, 4th Prime Minister of East Germany (d. 1999)
1915 – David Diamond , American composer (d. 2005)
1916 – Dean Goffin , New Zealand composer (d. 1984)
1916 – Edward Heath , English colonel and politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 2005)
1918 – Nicolaas Govert de Bruijn , Dutch mathematician and academic (d. 2012)
1918 – Jarl Wahlström , Finnish 12th General of The Salvation Army (d. 1999)
1921 – David C. Jones , American general (d. 2013)
1924 – Pierre Cochereau , French organist and composer (d. 1984)
1924 – Jill Knight , English politician
1925 – Guru Dutt , Indian actor, director, and producer (d. 1964)
1925 – Charles E. Wicks , American engineer, author, and academic (d. 2010)
1926 – Murphy Anderson , American illustrator
1926 – Ben Roy Mottelson , American-Danish physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
1927 – Susan Cabot , American actress (d. 1986)
1927 – Red Kelly , Canadian ice hockey player, coach, and politician
1928 – Federico Bahamontes , Spanish cyclist
1928 – Vince Edwards , American actor, singer, and director (d. 1996)
1929 – Lee Hazlewood , American singer-songwriter and producer (d. 2007)
1929 – Hassan II of Morocco (d. 1999)
1930 – K. Balachander , Indian actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2014)
1930 – Roy McLean , South African cricketer and rugby player (d. 2007)
1932 – Donald Rumsfeld , American captain and politician, 13th United States Secretary of Defense
1932 – Amitzur Shapira , Israeli runner (d. 1972)
1933 – Oliver Sacks , English-American neurologist, chemist, and author
1934 – Michael Graves , American architect, designed the Portland Building and the Humana Building (d. 2015)
1935 – Wim Duisenberg , Dutch economist and politician, Minister of Finance for The Netherlands (d. 2005)
1935 – Mercedes Sosa , Argentinian singer and activist (d. 2009)
1935 – Michael Williams , English actor (d. 2001)
1936 – Richard Wilson , Scottish actor and director
1937 – David Hockney , English painter and photographer
1938 – Brian Dennehy , American actor, director, and producer
1938 – Sanjeev Kumar , Indian actor (d. 1985)
1940 – Eugene Victor Wolfenstein , American psychoanalyst and theorist (d. 2010)
1942 – David Chidgey, Baron Chidgey , English engineer and politician
1942 – Richard Roundtree , American actor
1942 – Edy Williams , American actress
1943 – John Casper , American colonel, pilot, and astronaut
1943 – Soledad Miranda , Spanish actress (d. 1970)
1944 – Judith M. Brown , Indian-English historian and academic
1944 – John Cunniff , American ice hockey player and coach (d. 2002)
1945 – Dean Koontz , American author and screenwriter
1945 – John Lilleyman , English haematologist
1945 – Root Boy Slim , American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1993)
1946 – Natasha Pyne , English actress
1946 – Bon Scott , Scottish-Australian singer-songwriter (AC/DC , Fraternity , The Valentines , and The Spektors ) (d. 1980)
1947 – Haruomi Hosono , Japanese singer-songwriter, bass player, and producer (Yellow Magic Orchestra and Happy End )
1947 – Mitch Mitchell , English drummer (The Jimi Hendrix Experience , The Dirty Mac , and The Riot Squad ) (d. 2008)
1947 – O. J. Simpson , American football player and actor
1948 – Hassan Wirajuda , Indonesian politician, 15th Foreign Minister of Indonesia
1950 – Amal ibn Idris al-Alami , Moroccan physician and neurosurgeon
1950 – Gwen Guthrie , American singer-songwriter and pianist (d. 1999)
1950 – Adriano Panatta , Italian tennis player and sailor
1950 – Viktor Yanukovych , Ukrainian engineer and politician, 4th President of Ukraine
1951 – Chris Cooper , American actor
1952 – John Tesh , American pianist, composer, and radio host
1953 – Thomas Ligotti , American author
1954 – Théophile Abega , Cameroonian footballer and politician (d. 2012)
1955 – Steve Coppell , English footballer and manager
1955 – Lindsey Graham , American colonel, lawyer, and politician
1955 – Jimmy Smits , American actor and producer
1956 – Tom Hanks , American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
1956 – Michael Lederer , American author
1957 – Marc Almond , English singer-songwriter
1957 – Tim Kring , American screenwriter and producer
1957 – Kelly McGillis , American actress
1957 – Paul Merton , English comedian, actor, and screenwriter
1957 – Jim Paxson , American basketball player and manager
1958 – Jeannie Pepper , American pornographic actress
1959 – Jim Kerr , Scottish singer-songwriter and keyboard player (Simple Minds )
1959 – Kevin Nash , American wrestler and actor
1959 – Clive Stafford Smith , English lawyer and author
1960 – Marc Mero , American wrestler and boxer
1960 – Eduardo Montes-Bradley , Argentinian journalist, photographer, and author
1961 – Raymond Cruz , American actor
1962 – Jordan Belfort , American businessman
1963 – Klaus Theiss , German footballer
1964 – Courtney Love , American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actress (Hole )
1964 – Gianluca Vialli , Italian footballer and coach
1965 – Frank Bello , American bass player (Anthrax and Helmet )
1965 – Thomas Jahn , German director and screenwriter
1965 – Jason Rhoades , American sculptor (d. 2006)
1965 – Michael Spies , German footballer
1966 – Pamela Adlon , American actress, producer, and screenwriter
1966 – Zheng Cao , Chinese-American soprano (d. 2013)
1966 – Manuel Mota , Spanish fashion designer (d. 2013)
1966 – Marco Pennette , American screenwriter and producer
1967 – Gunnar Axén , Swedish politician
1968 – Paolo Di Canio , Italian footballer and manager
1968 – Lars Gyllenhaal , Swedish historian and author
1969 – Nicklas Barker , Swedish singer-songwriter and guitarist (Anekdoten )
1969 – Jason Kearton , Australian footballer and coach
1969 – Mark Lui , Hong Kong singer-songwriter and producer (Dry )
1970 – Trent Green , American football player and sportscaster
1970 – Masami Tsuda , Japanese author and illustrator
1971 – Marc Andreessen , American software developer, co-founded Netscape
1971 – Scott Grimes , American singer-songwriter and actor
1972 – Ara Babajian , American drummer and songwriter (The Slackers , Leftöver Crack , and Star Fucking Hipsters )
1973 – Kelly Holcomb , American football player and sportscaster
1973 – Enrique Murciano , American actor and producer
1974 – Dani Behr , English singer and actress (Faith Hope & Charity )
1974 – Siân Berry , English politician
1974 – Gary Kelly , Irish footballer
1974 – Tsuyoshi Kusanagi , Japanese actor and singer (SMAP )
1974 – Nikola Šarčević , Swedish singer-songwriter and bass player (Millencolin )
1975 – Shelton Benjamin , American wrestler
1975 – Isaac Brock , American singer-songwriter and guitarist (Modest Mouse and Ugly Casanova )
1975 – Craig Quinnell , Welsh rugby player
1975 – Jack White , American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (The White Stripes , The Raconteurs , The Dead Weather , and The Go )
1975 – Robert Koenig , American film director, producer, writer and editor (Returned: Child Soldiers of Nepal's Maoist Army )
1976 – Thomas Cichon , Polish-German footballer
1976 – Christos Harissis , Greek basketball player
1976 – Revo Jõgisalu , Estonian rapper (Toe Tag ) (d. 2011)
1976 – Fred Savage , American actor, director, and producer
1976 – Radike Samo , Fijian-Australian rugby player
1976 – Jochem Uytdehaage , Dutch speed skater
1978 – Kara Goucher , American runner
1978 – Mark Medlock , German singer
1978 – Linda Park , South Korean-American actress
1978 – Nuno Santos , Portuguese footballer
1979 – Ella Koon , Hong Kong singer and actress
1982 – Alecko Eskandarian , American soccer player and manager
1982 – Maggie Ma , Canadian actress, singer, and dancer
1982 – Sakon Yamamoto , Japanese race car driver
1984 – Chris Campoli , Canadian ice hockey player
1984 – Gianni Fabiano , Italian footballer
1984 – Jacob Hoggard , Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist (Hedley )
1984 – Ave Pajo , Estonian footballer
1984 – Piia Suomalainen , Finnish tennis player
1984 – LA Tenorio , Filipino basketball player
1985 – Paweł Korzeniowski , Polish swimmer
1985 – Ashley Young , English footballer
1985 – Kat Alano , Filipino-English actress, host, VJ, and model
1986 – Sébastien Bassong , Cameroonian footballer
1986 – Simon Dumont , American skier
1986 – Severo Meza , Mexican footballer
1986 – Kiely Williams , American singer-songwriter, dancer, and actress (3LW and The Cheetah Girls )
1987 – Gert Jõeäär , Estonian cyclist
1987 – Amanda Knox , American woman accused of murder
1988 – Raul Rusescu , Romanian footballer
1990 – Rafael , Brazilian footballer
1990 – Fábio Pereira da Silva , Brazilian footballer
1991 – Mitchel Musso , American actor and singer
1993 – DeAndre Yedlin , American footballer
1993 – Jake Vargas , Filipino actor and singer
1995 – Georgie Henley , English actress
Deaths
518 – Anastasius I Dicorus , Byzantine emperor (b. 430)
1228 – Stephen Langton , English cardinal (b. 1150)
1386 – Leopold III, Duke of Austria (b. 1351)
1553 – Maurice, Elector of Saxony (b. 1521)
1654 – Ferdinand IV, King of the Romans (b. 1633)
1706 – Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville , Canadian captain and explorer (b. 1661)
1737 – Gian Gastone de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (b. 1671)
1742 – John Oldmixon , English historian, poet, and playwright (b. 1673)
1746 – Philip V of Spain (b. 1683)
1747 – Giovanni Bononcini , Italian cellist and composer (b. 1670)
1766 – Jonathan Mayhew , American minister (b. 1720)
1771 – Michael Paknanas , Greek gardener and martyr (b. 1753)
1795 – Henry Seymour Conway , English general and politician, Secretary of State for the Northern Department (b. 1721)
1797 – Edmund Burke , Irish-English philosopher, academic, and politician (b. 1729)
1850 – Báb , Persian religious leader, founded Bábism (b. 1819)
1850 – Zachary Taylor , American general and politician, 12th President of the United States (b. 1784)
1852 – Thomas McKean Thompson McKennan , American lawyer and politician, 2nd United States Secretary of the Interior (b. 1794)
1856 – Amedeo Avogadro , Italian chemist and academic (b. 1776)
1856 – James Strang , American religious leader and politician (b. 1813)
1880 – Paul Broca , French physician and anatomist (b. 1824)
1882 – Ignacio Carrera Pinto , Chilean soldier (b. 1848)
1903 – Alphonse Francois Renard , Belgian geologist and photographer (b. 1842)
1927 – John Drew, Jr. , American actor (b. 1853)
1932 – King C. Gillette , American businessman, founded The Gillette Company (b. 1855)
1937 – Oliver Law , American commander (b. 1899)
1938 – Benjamin N. Cardozo , American jurist (b. 1870)
1940 – Józef Biniszkiewicz , Silesian politician (b. 1875)
1947 – Lucjan Żeligowski , Polish-Lithuanian general and politician (b. 1865)
1949 – Fritz Hart , English-Australian composer and conductor (b. 1874)
1951 – Harry Heilmann , American baseball player and sportscaster (b. 1894)
1955 – Don Beauman , English race car driver (b. 1928)
1959 – Ferenc Talányi , Slovene journalist and painter (b. 1883)
1967 – Fatima Jinnah , Pakistani dentist and politician (b. 1893)
1967 – Eugen Fischer , German physician and academic (b. 1874)
1971 – Karl Ast , Estonian author and politician (b. 1886)
1972 – Robert Weede , American opera singer (b. 1903)
1974 – Earl Warren , American jurist and politician, 14th Chief Justice of the United States (b. 1891)
1977 – Alice Paul , American activist (b. 1885)
1979 – Cornelia Otis Skinner , American actress and author (b. 1899)
1980 – Vinicius de Moraes , Brazilian poet, playwright, and composer (b. 1913)
1983 – Keith Wickenden , English politician (b. 1932)
1985 – Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg (b. 1896)
1985 – Jimmy Kinnon , Scottish-American founder of Narcotics Anonymous (b. 1911)
1986 – Patriarch Nicholas VI of Alexandria (b. 1915)
1992 – Eric Sevareid , American journalist (b. 1912)
1994 – Bill Mosienko , Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1921)
1999 – Robert de Cotret , Canadian politician, 56th Secretary of State for Canada (b. 1944)
2002 – Rod Steiger , American actor (b. 1925)
2004 – Paul Klebnikov , American journalist and historian (b. 1963)
2004 – Jean Lefebvre , French actor (b. 1919)
2004 – Isabel Sanford , American actress (b. 1917)
2005 – Chuck Cadman , Canadian engineer and politician (b. 1948)
2005 – Yevgeny Grishin , Russian speed skater (b. 1931)
2005 – Kevin Hagen , American actor (b. 1928)
2005 – Alex Shibicky , Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1914)
2007 – Charles Lane , American actor and singer (b. 1905)
2008 – Séamus Brennan , Irish politician (b. 1948)
2010 – Jessica Anderson , Australian author (b. 1916)
2011 – Würzel , English guitarist (Motörhead ) (b. 1949)
2011 – Facundo Cabral , Argentinian singer-songwriter (b. 1937)
2012 – Shin Jae-chul , South Korean-American martial artist (b. 1936)
2012 – Terepai Maoate , Cook Islander politician, 6th Prime Minister of the Cook Islands (b. 1934)
2012 – Eugênio Sales , Brazilian cardinal (b. 1920)
2012 – Isuzu Yamada , Japanese actress (b. 1917)
2013 – Markus Büchel , Liechtensteiner politician, 9th Prime Minister of Liechtenstein (b. 1959)
2013 – Kiril of Varna , Bulgarian metropolitan (b. 1954)
2014 – Lorenzo Álvarez Florentín , Paraguayan violinist and composer (b. 1926)
2014 – David Azrieli , Polish-Canadian businessman and philanthropist (b. 1922)
2014 – Eileen Ford , American businesswoman, co-founded Ford Models (b. 1922)
2014 – Luiz Alberto Dias Menezes , Brazilian geologist and mineralogist (b. 1950)
2014 – Ken Thorne , English-American composer (b. 1924)
Holidays and observances
Places
External links
Months and days of the year
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
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