July 11 is the 192nd day of the year (193rd in leap years ) in the Gregorian calendar . There are 173 days remaining until the end of the year.
Events
472 – After being besieged in Rome by his own generals, Western Roman Emperor Anthemius is captured in the St. Peter's Basilica and put to death.
911 – Signing of the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte between Charles the Simple and Rollo of Normandy.
1174 – Baldwin IV , 13, becomes King of Jerusalem , with Raymond III, Count of Tripoli as regent and William of Tyre as chancellor.
1302 – Battle of the Golden Spurs (Guldensporenslag in Dutch) – a coalition around the Flemish cities defeats the king of France's royal army.
1346 – Charles IV , Count of Luxembourg and King of Bohemia , is elected King of the Romans .
1405 – Ming admiral Zheng He sets sail to explore the world for the first time.
1476 – Giuliano della Rovere is appointed bishop of Coutances .
1576 – Martin Frobisher sights Greenland .
1616 – Samuel de Champlain returns to Quebec .
1735 – Mathematical calculations suggest that it is on this day that dwarf planet Pluto moved inside the orbit of Neptune for the last time before 1979.
1740 – Pogrom : Jews are expelled from Little Russia .
1750 – Halifax , Nova Scotia is almost completely destroyed by fire.
1789 – Jacques Necker is dismissed as France's Finance Minister sparking the Storming of the Bastille .
1796 – The United States takes possession of Detroit from Great Britain under terms of the Jay Treaty .
1798 – The United States Marine Corps is re-established; they had been disbanded after the American Revolutionary War .
1801 – French astronomer Jean-Louis Pons makes his first comet discovery. In the next 27 years he discovers another 36 comets, more than any other person in history.
1804 – A duel occurs in which the Vice President of the United States Aaron Burr mortally wounds former Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton .
1833 – Noongar Australian aboriginal warrior Yagan , wanted for the murder of white colonists in Western Australia, is killed.
1848 – Waterloo railway station in London opens.
1864 – American Civil War : Battle of Fort Stevens ; Confederate forces attempt to invade Washington, D.C.
1882 – The British Mediterranean Fleet begins the Bombardment of Alexandria in Egypt as part of the Anglo-Egyptian War .
1889 – Tijuana , Mexico, is founded.
1893 – The first cultured pearl is obtained by Kokichi Mikimoto .
1893 – A revolution led by the liberal general and politician, José Santos Zelaya , takes over state power in Nicaragua .
1895 – Brothers Auguste and Louis Lumière demonstrate movie film technology to scientists.
1897 – Salomon August Andrée leaves Spitsbergen to attempt to reach the North Pole by balloon . He later crashes and dies.
1906 – Murder of Grace Brown by Chester Gillette in the United States, inspiration for Theodore Dreiser 's An American Tragedy .
1914 – Babe Ruth makes his debut in Major League Baseball .
1914 – USS Nevada (BB-36) is launched.
1919 – The eight-hour day and free Sunday become law for workers in the Netherlands.
1920 – In the East Prussian plebiscite the local populace decides to remain with Weimar Germany .
1921 – A truce in the Irish War of Independence comes into effect.
1921 – The Red Army captures Mongolia from the White Army and establishes the Mongolian People's Republic .
1921 – Former President of the United States William Howard Taft is sworn in as 10th Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court , becoming the only person ever to hold both offices.
1922 – The Hollywood Bowl opens.
1924 – Eric Liddell won the gold medal in 400m at the 1924 Paris Olympics, after refusing to run in the heats for 100m, his favoured distance, on the Sunday
1930 – Australian cricketer Donald Bradman scores a world record 309 runs in one day, on his way to the highest individual Test innings of 334, during a Test match against England .
1934 – Engelbert Zaschka of Germany flies his large human-powered aircraft , the Zaschka Human-Power Aircraft , about 20 meters at Berlin Tempelhof Airport without assisted take off .
1936 – The Triborough Bridge in New York City is opened to traffic.
1940 – World War II : Vichy France regime is formally established. Philippe Pétain becomes Prime Minister of France .
1943 – Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia by the Ukrainian Insurgent Army within the Reichskommissariat Ukraine (Volhynia ) peak.
1943 – World War II: Allied invasion of Sicily – German and Italian troops launch a counter-attack on Allied forces in Sicily .
1947 – The Exodus 1947 heads to Palestine from France.
1950 – Pakistan joins the International Monetary Fund and the International Bank.
1957 – Prince Karim Husseini Aga Khan IV inherits the office of Imamat as the 49th Imam of Shia Imami Ismaili worldwide, after the death of Sir Sultan Mahommed Shah Aga Khan III .
1960 – France legislates for the independence of Dahomey (later Benin ), Upper Volta (later Burkina ) and Niger .
1960 – Congo Crisis : The State of Katanga breaks away from the Democratic Republic of the Congo .
1960 – To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee is first published, in the United States.
1962 – First transatlantic satellite television transmission.
1962 – Project Apollo : At a press conference, NASA announces lunar orbit rendezvous as the means to land astronauts on the Moon, and return them to Earth.
1971 – Copper mines in Chile are nationalized.
1972 – The first game of the World Chess Championship 1972 between challenger Bobby Fischer and defending champion Boris Spassky starts.
1973 – Varig Flight 820 crashes near Paris , France on approach to Orly Airport , killing 123 of the 134 on board. In response, the FAA bans smoking on flights.
1977 – Martin Luther King, Jr. is posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom .
1978 – Los Alfaques Disaster : A truck carrying liquid gas crashes and explodes at a coastal campsite in Tarragona , Spain killing 216 tourists.
1979 – America's first space station, Skylab , is destroyed as it re-enters the Earth's atmosphere over the Indian Ocean.
1990 – Oka Crisis : First Nations land dispute in Quebec , Canada begins.
1995 – The Srebrenica massacre is carried out.
2006 – Mumbai train bombings : Two hundred nine people are killed in a series of bomb attacks in Mumbai , India.
2012 – Astronomers announce the discovery of Styx , the fifth moon of Pluto .
Births
154 – Bardaisan , Syrian astrologer, scholar, and philosopher (d. 222)
1274 – Robert the Bruce , Scottish king (d. 1329)
1558 – Robert Greene , English author and playwright (d. 1592)
1561 – Luis de Góngora , Spanish poet (d. 1627)
1603 – Kenelm Digby , English courtier and diplomat (d. 1665)
1628 – Tokugawa Mitsukuni , Japanese daimyo (d. 1701)
1653 – Sarah Good , American woman accused of witchcraft (d. 1692)
1657 – Frederick I of Prussia (d. 1713)
1662 – Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria (d. 1726)
1709 – Johan Gottschalk Wallerius , Swedish chemist and mineralogist (d. 1785)
1723 – Jean-François Marmontel , French historian and author (d. 1799)
1751 – Caroline Matilda of Great Britain (d. 1775)
1754 – Thomas Bowdler , English physician and philanthropist (d. 1825)
1767 – John Quincy Adams , American lawyer and politician, 6th President of the United States (d. 1848)
1826 – Alexander Afanasyev , Russian ethnographer and author (d. 1871)
1832 – Charilaos Trikoupis , Greek politician, 55th Prime Minister of Greece (d. 1896)
1836 – Antônio Carlos Gomes , Brazilian composer (d. 1896)
1846 – Léon Bloy , French author and poet (d. 1917)
1850 – Annie Armstrong , American missionary (d. 1938)
1851 – Millie and Christine McKoy , American conjoined twins (d. 1912)
1866 – Princess Irene of Hesse and by Rhine (d. 1953)
1880 – Friedrich Lahrs , German architect and academic (d. 1964)
1881 – Isabel Martin Lewis , American astronomer (d. 1955?)
1882 – James Larkin White , American miner, explorer, and park ranger (d. 1946)
1886 – Boris Grigoriev , Russian painter (d. 1939)
1888 – Carl Schmitt , German philosopher and jurist (d. 1985)
1892 – Thomas Mitchell , American actor, singer, and screenwriter (d. 1962)
1895 – Dorothy Wilde , English-Irish author (d. 1941)
1897 – Bull Connor , American police officer (d. 1973)
1899 – Wilfrid Israel , Anglo-German businessman and philanthropist, active in rescuing Jews from Nazi Germany (d. 1943)
1899 – E. B. White , American author and poet (d. 1985)
1903 – Vilyam Genrikhovich Fisher , Russian colonel (d. 1971)
1903 – Sidney Franklin , American bullfighter (d. 1976)
1904 – Niño Ricardo , Spanish guitarist and composer (d. 1972)
1906 – Herbert Wehner , German politician, Minister of Intra-German Relations (d. 1990)
1908 – Karl Nabersberg , German youth leader (d. 1946)
1910 – Irene Hervey , American actress (d. 1998)
1911 – Erna Flegel , German nurse (d. 2006)
1912 – Sergiu Celibidache , Romanian conductor and composer (d. 1996)
1912 – William F. Walsh , American captain and politician, 48th Mayor of Syracuse (d. 2011)
1913 – Cordwainer Smith , American sinologist, author, and academic (d. 1966)
1916 – Alexander Prokhorov , Australian-Russian physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2002)
1916 – Reg Varney , English actor and screenwriter (d. 2008)
1916 – Gough Whitlam , Australian lieutenant, lawyer, and politician, 21st Prime Minister of Australia (d. 2014)
1918 – Venetia Burney , English educator, who named Pluto (d. 2009)
1920 – Yul Brynner , Russian-American actor and director (d. 1985)
1920 – James von Brunn , American murderer, committed the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum shooting (d. 2010)
1921 – Ilse Werner , Dutch-German actress and singer (d. 2005)
1922 – Gene Evans , American actor (d. 1998)
1923 – Richard Pipes , Polish-American historian and academic
1923 – Tun Tun , Indian actress and singer (d. 2003)
1924 – César Lattes , Brazilian physicist and academic (d. 2005)
1924 – Brett Somers , Canadian-American actress and singer (d. 2007)
1924 – Charlie Tully , Irish footballer and manager (d. 1971)
1925 – Nicolai Gedda , Swedish tenor
1925 – Peter Kyros , American lawyer and politician (d. 2012)
1925 – Sid Smith , Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2004)
1926 – Frederick Buechner , American minister, theologian, and author
1927 – Theodore Maiman , American-Canadian physicist and engineer (d. 2007)
1928 – Greville Janner, Baron Janner of Braunstone , Welsh lawyer and politician
1928 – Bobo Olson , American boxer (d. 2002)
1929 – Danny Flores , singer-songwriter and saxophonist (The Champs ) (d. 2006)
1929 – David Kelly , Irish actor (d. 2012)
1929 – Hermann Prey , German opera singer (d. 1998)
1930 – Harold Bloom , American author and critic
1930 – Trevor Storer , English businessman, founded Pukka Pies (d. 2013)
1931 – Dick Gray , American baseball player (d. 2013)
1931 – Thurston Harris , American singer (d. 1990)
1931 – Tab Hunter , American actor and singer
1931 – Tullio Regge , Italian physicist and academic (d. 2014)
1932 – Jean-Guy Talbot , Canadian ice hockey player and coach
1933 – Jim Carlen , American football player and coach (d. 2012)
1933 – Frank Kelso , American admiral (d. 2013)
1934 – Giorgio Armani , Italian fashion designer, founded the Armani Company
1935 – Frederick Hemke , American saxophonist and educator
1935 – Oliver Napier , Irish lawyer and politician (d. 2011)
1937 – Pai Hsien-yung , Chinese-Taiwanese author
1938 – Laurel Thatcher Ulrich , American historian and scholar
1940 – Yvon Charbonneau , Canadian politician
1941 – Michael Giannatos , Turkish-Greek actor (d. 2013)
1941 – Henry Lowther , English trumpet player
1941 – Clive Puzey , Zimbabwean race car driver
1943 – Oscar D'León , Venezuelan bass player (Dimensión Latina )
1943 – Howard Gardner , American psychologist and academic
1943 – Tom Holland , American actor, director, and screenwriter
1943 – Peter Jensen , Australian metropolitan
1943 – Robert Malval , Haitian politician, 5th Prime Minister of Haiti
1943 – Rolf Stommelen , German race car driver (d. 1983)
1944 – Lou Hudson , American basketball player (d. 2014)
1944 – Michael Levy, Baron Levy , English philanthropist
1944 – Patricia Polacco , American author and illustrator
1946 – Bill Boggs , American television presenter and journalist
1946 – Beverly Todd , American actress
1947 – John Holt , Jamaican singer-songwriter (The Paragons ) (d. 2014)
1947 – Norman Lebrecht , English author and critic
1947 – Bo Lundgren , Swedish politician
1950 – Pervez Hoodbhoy , Pakistani physicist and academic
1950 – Bruce McGill , American actor
1950 – J. R. Morgan , Welsh author and academic
1950 – Bonnie Pointer , American singer (The Pointer Sisters )
1951 – Ed Ott , American baseball player and coach
1952 – Bill Barber , Canadian ice hockey player and coach
1953 – Piyasvasti Amranand , Thai politician, Thai Minister of Energy
1953 – Angélica Aragón , Mexican actress
1953 – Peter Brown , American singer-songwriter and producer
1953 – Larry Evans , American football player
1953 – Cats Falck , Swedish journalist (d. 1984)
1953 – Suresh Prabhakar Prabhu , Indian politician
1953 – Wu Shu-chen , Chinese wife of Chen Shui-bian
1953 – Patricia Reyes Spíndola , Mexican actress, director, and producer
1953 – Leon Spinks , American boxer
1953 – Mindy Sterling , American actress
1953 – Ivan Toms , South African physician and activist (d. 2008)
1953 – Bramwell Tovey , English-Canadian conductor and composer
1953 – Paul Weiland , English director, producer, and screenwriter
1954 – Julia King , English engineer and academic
1954 – Butch Reed , American wrestler
1955 – Balaji Sadasivan , Singaporean neurosurgeon and politician (d. 2010)
1956 – Amitav Ghosh , Indian American fiction writer
1956 – Robin Renucci , French actor and director
1956 – Sela Ward , American actress
1957 – Johann Lamont , Scottish educator and politician
1957 – Michael Rose , Jamaican singer-songwriter (Black Uhuru )
1958 – Mark Lester , English actor
1958 – Hugo Sánchez , Mexican footballer, coach, and manager
1959 – Richie Sambora , American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (Bon Jovi )
1959 – Suzanne Vega , American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
1962 – Gaétan Duchesne , Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2007)
1962 – Pauline McLynn , Irish actress
1963 – Al MacInnis , Canadian ice hockey player
1963 – Dean Richards , English rugby player and coach
1963 – Lisa Rinna , American actress and talk show host
1964 – Craig Charles , English actor
1964 – Kyril, Prince of Preslav
1965 – Ernesto Hoost , Dutch kick-boxer
1965 – Scott Shriner , American bass player (Weezer )
1966 – Nadeem Aslam , Pakistani-English author
1966 – Debbe Dunning , American actress
1966 – Greg Grunberg , American actor and producer
1966 – Kentaro Miura , Japanese author and illustrator
1966 – Mick Molloy , Australian actor, producer, and screenwriter
1966 – Bo Sanchez , Filipino minister and author
1966 – Rod Strickland , American basketball player
1967 – Jeff Corwin , American television host and producer
1967 – Jhumpa Lahiri , English-American author and academic
1968 – Michael Geist , Canadian journalist and academic
1968 – Daniel MacMaster , Canadian singer-songwriter (Bonham ) (d. 2008)
1968 – Esera Tuaolo , American football player
1969 – David Tao , Taiwanese singer-songwriter
1970 – Justin Chambers , American actor
1970 – Mark Fox , English journalist
1970 – Sajjad Karim , English politician
1971 – Leisha Hailey , Japanese-American singer-songwriter and actress (Uh Huh Her and The Murmurs )
1972 – Jussi 69 , Finnish drummer (The 69 Eyes )
1972 – Michael Rosenbaum , American actor, director, and producer
1973 – Konstantinos Kenteris , Greek runner
1974 – Alanas Chošnau , Lithuanian singer-songwriter
1974 – Hermann Hreiðarsson , Icelandic footballer and manager
1974 – André Ooijer , Dutch footballer
1975 – OX , Finnish bass player (Lordi )
1975 – Bridgette Andersen , American actress (d. 1997)
1975 – Rubén Baraja , Spanish footballer and manager
1975 – Riona Hazuki , Japanese actress
1975 – Lil' Kim , American rapper, producer, and actress
1976 – Eduardo Nájera , Mexican-American basketball player and coach
1978 – Kathleen Edwards , Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist
1978 – Massimiliano Rosolino , Italian swimmer
1979 – Raio Piiroja , Estonian footballer
1979 – Lauris Reiniks , Latvian singer-songwriter and actor
1980 – Tyson Kidd , Canadian wrestler
1980 – Im Soo-jung , South Korean actress
1981 – Andre Johnson , American football player
1983 – Peter Cincotti , American singer-songwriter and pianist
1983 – Marie Serneholt , Swedish singer and dancer (A-Teens )
1984 – Yorman Bazardo , Venezuelan baseball player
1984 – Tanith Belbin , Canadian-American ice dancer
1984 – Hitomi Hyuga , Japanese actress
1984 – Jacoby Jones , American footballer player
1984 – Hokuto "Hok" Konishi , Japanese-American dancer
1984 – Joe Pavelski , American ice hockey player
1984 – Morné Steyn , South African rugby player
1984 – Rachael Taylor , Australian actress
1985 – Orestis Karnezis , Greek footballer
1985 – Aki Maeda , Japanese actress and singer
1986 – Raúl García , Spanish footballer
1986 – Yoann Gourcuff , French footballer
1988 – Yuka Iguchi , Japanese voice actress
1988 – Étienne Capoue , French footballer
1988 – Natalya Zhedik , Russian basketball player
1989 – David Henrie , American actor, director, and screenwriter
1989 – Liel Kolet , Israeli singer
1989 – Tobias Sana , Swedish footballer
1990 – Mona Barthel , German tennis player
1990 – Adam Jezierski , Polish-Spanish actor and singer
1990 – Connor Paolo , American actor
1990 – Patrick Peterson , American football player
1990 – Caroline Wozniacki , Danish tennis player
1991 – Alice Svensson , Vietnamese-Swedish singer
1993 – Rebecca Bross , American gymnast
1993 – Heini Salonen , Finnish tennis player
1994 – Lucas Ocampos , Argentinian footballer
1994 – Nina Nesbitt , Scottish singer-songwriter and guitarist
Deaths
472 – Anthemius , Roman emperor (b. 420)
937 – Rudolph II of Burgundy (b. 880)
969 – Olga of Kiev (b. 890)
1174 – Amalric I of Jerusalem (b. 1136)
1183 – Otto I Wittelsbach, Duke of Bavaria (b. 1117)
1302 – Robert II, Count of Artois (b. 1250)
1535 – Joachim I Nestor, Elector of Brandenburg (b. 1484)
1581 – Peder Skram , Danish admiral and politician (b. 1503)
1593 – Giuseppe Arcimboldo , Italian painter (b. 1527)
1599 – Chōsokabe Motochika , Japanese daiymo (b.1539)
1688 – Narai , Thai king (b. 1629)
1766 – Elisabeth Farnese , Italian-Spanish wife of Philip V of Spain (b. 1692)
1774 – Sir William Johnson, 1st Baronet , Irish-English general (b. 1715)
1775 – Simon Boerum , American politician (b. 1724)
1797 – Ienăchiţă Văcărescu , Romanian historian and philologist (b. 1740)
1806 – James Smith , Irish-American politician (b. 1719)
1825 – Thomas P. Grosvenor , American soldier and politician (b. 1744)
1844 – Yevgeny Baratynsky , Russian philosopher and poet (b. 1800)
1905 – Muhammad Abduh , Egyptian jurist and scholar (b. 1849)
1908 – Friedrich Traun , German tennis player (b. 1876)
1909 – Simon Newcomb , Canadian-American astronomer and mathematician (b. 1835)
1920 – Eugénie de Montijo , Spanish wife of Napoleon III (b. 1826)
1937 – George Gershwin , American pianist and composer (b. 1898)
1966 – Delmore Schwartz , American poet and author (b. 1913)
1967 – Guy Favreau , Canadian lawyer, judge, and politician (b. 1917)
1971 – John W. Campbell , American journalist and author (b. 1910)
1971 – Pedro Rodríguez , Mexican race car driver (b. 1940)
1974 – Pär Lagerkvist , Swedish author, poet, and playwright, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1891)
1976 – León de Greiff , Colombian poet and educator (b. 1895)
1979 – Claude Wagner , Canadian judge and politician (b. 1925)
1983 – Ross Macdonald , American-Canadian author (b. 1915)
1985 – George Duvivier , American jazz bassist (b. 1920)
1987 – Avi Ran , Israeli footballer (b. 1963)
1987 – Yaakov Yitzchok Ruderman , American rabbi and scholar (b. 1901)
1989 – Laurence Olivier , English actor, director, and producer (b. 1907)
1994 – Gary Kildall , American computer scientist, founded Digital Research (b. 1942)
1998 – Panagiotis Kondylis , Greek philosopher and author (b. 1943)
1999 – Helen Forrest , American singer (b. 1917)
2000 – Pedro Mir , Dominican lawyer, author, and poet (b. 1913)
2000 – Robert Runcie , English archbishop (b. 1921)
2001 – Herman Brood , Dutch singer and actor (b. 1946)
2004 – Laurance Rockefeller , American financier and philanthropist (b. 1910)
2004 – Renée Saint-Cyr , French actress and producer (b. 1904)
2005 – Shinya Hashimoto , Japanese wrestler (b. 1965)
2005 – Jesús Iglesias , Argentinian race car driver (b. 1922)
2005 – Frances Langford , American actress and singer (b. 1914)
2006 – Barnard Hughes , American actor (b. 1915)
2006 – John Spencer , English snooker player and sportscaster (b. 1935)
2007 – Lady Bird Johnson , American businesswoman, 43rd First Lady of the United States (b. 1912)
2007 – Alfonso López Michelsen , Colombian lawyer and politician, 32nd President of Colombia (b. 1913)
2008 – Michael E. DeBakey , American surgeon (b. 1908)
2009 – Arturo Gatti , Italian-Canadian boxer (b. 1972)
2009 – Go Mi-young , South Korean mountaineer (b. 1967)
2009 – Ji Xianlin , Chinese linguist and paleographer (b. 1911)
2010 – Bob Sheppard , American sportscaster (b. 1910)
2013 – Emik Avakian , Iranian-American inventor (b. 1923)
2013 – Egbert Brieskorn , German mathematician and academic (b. 1936)
2014 – Jean-Louis Gauthier , French cyclist (b. 1955)
2014 – Carin Mannheimer , Swedish author and screenwriter (b. 1934)
2014 – Bill McGill , American basketball player (b. 1939)
2014 – Tommy Ramone , Hungarian-American drummer and producer (Ramones and Uncle Monk ) (b. 1949)
2014 – John Seigenthaler , American journalist and academic (b. 1927)
Holidays and observances
External links
Months and days of the year
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
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