Heart- and neural crest derivatives-expressed protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HAND1 gene.[1][2][3]
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the basic helix-loop-helix family of transcription factors. This gene product is one of two closely related family members, the HAND proteins are expressed within the developing ventricular chambers, cardiac neural crest, endocardium (HAND2 only) and epicardium (HAND2 only) . HAND1 is expressed with myocardium of the primary heart field and plays an essential but poorly understood role in cardiac morphogenesis. HAND factors function in the formation of the right ventricle, left ventricle, aortic arch arteries, epicardium, and endocardium implicating them as mediators of congenital heart disease. In addition, HAND1 is uniquely expressed in trophoblasts and is essential for early trophoblast differentiation.[3]
References
- ^ Russell MW, Baker P, Izumo S (Jan 1998). "Cloning, chromosomal mapping, and expression of the human eHAND gene". Mamm Genome 8 (11): 863–5. doi:10.1007/s003359900596. PMID 9337404.
- ^ Knofler M, Meinhardt G, Vasicek R, Husslein P, Egarter C (Feb 1999). "Molecular cloning of the human Hand1 gene/cDNA and its tissue-restricted expression in cytotrophoblastic cells and heart". Gene 224 (1–2): 77–86. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(98)00511-3. PMID 9931445.
- ^ a b "Entrez Gene: HAND1 heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 1".
Further reading
- Srivastava D (1999). "HAND proteins: molecular mediators of cardiac development and congenital heart disease". Trends Cardiovasc. Med. 9 (1–2): 11–8. doi:10.1016/S1050-1738(98)00033-4. PMID 10189962.
- Weber MC, de Clarke V, Harwin RM, Shiff CJ (1976). "An extended field trial of pyrimethamine combined with dapsone in the prophylaxis of malaria". The Central African journal of medicine 21 (9): 187–92. PMID 1182795.
- Cross SH, Charlton JA, Nan X, Bird AP (1994). "Purification of CpG islands using a methylated DNA binding column". Nat. Genet. 6 (3): 236–44. doi:10.1038/ng0394-236. PMID 8012384.
- Scott IC; Anson-Cartwright L; Riley P et al. (2000). "The HAND1 basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor regulates trophoblast differentiation via multiple mechanisms". Mol. Cell. Biol. 20 (2): 530–41. doi:10.1128/MCB.20.2.530-541.2000. PMC 85124. PMID 10611232.
- Bounpheng MA, Morrish TA, Dodds SG, Christy BA (2000). "Negative regulation of selected bHLH proteins by eHAND". Exp. Cell Res. 257 (2): 320–31. doi:10.1006/excr.2000.4898. PMID 10837146.
- Firulli BA, Hadzic DB, McDaid JR, Firulli AB (2000). "The basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors dHAND and eHAND exhibit dimerization characteristics that suggest complex regulation of function". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (43): 33567–73. doi:10.1074/jbc.M005888200. PMC 2561327. PMID 10924525.
- Knöfler M; Meinhardt G; Bauer S et al. (2002). "Human Hand1 basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) protein: extra-embryonic expression pattern, interaction partners and identification of its transcriptional repressor domains". Biochem. J. 361 (Pt 3): 641–51. doi:10.1042/0264-6021:3610641. PMC 1222348. PMID 11802795.
- Dai YS, Cserjesi P (2002). "The basic helix-loop-helix factor, HAND2, functions as a transcriptional activator by binding to E-boxes as a heterodimer". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (15): 12604–12. doi:10.1074/jbc.M200283200. PMID 11812799.
- Strausberg RL; Feingold EA; Grouse LH et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
- Srivastava D, Gottlieb PD, Olson EN (2003). "Molecular mechanisms of ventricular hypoplasia". Cold Spring Harb. Symp. Quant. Biol. 67: 121–5. doi:10.1101/sqb.2002.67.121. PMID 12858532.
- Firulli BA; Howard MJ; McDaid JR et al. (2004). "PKA, PKC, and the protein phosphatase 2A influence HAND factor function: a mechanism for tissue-specific transcriptional regulation". Mol. Cell 12 (5): 1225–37. doi:10.1016/S1097-2765(03)00425-8. PMID 14636580.
- Gerhard DS; Wagner L; Feingold EA et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334.
- Hill AA, Riley PR (2004). "Differential regulation of Hand1 homodimer and Hand1-E12 heterodimer activity by the cofactor FHL2". Mol. Cell. Biol. 24 (22): 9835–47. doi:10.1128/MCB.24.22.9835-9847.2004. PMC 525463. PMID 15509787.
- Morin S; Pozzulo G; Robitaille L et al. (2005). "MEF2-dependent recruitment of the HAND1 transcription factor results in synergistic activation of target promoters". J. Biol. Chem. 280 (37): 32272–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.M507640200. PMID 16043483.
External links
- HAND1 protein, human at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.
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