STAT1 is a member of the Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription family of transcription factors. STAT1 is involved in upregulating genes due to a signal by either type I, type II, or type IIIinterferons. In response to IFN-γ stimulation, STAT1 forms homodimers or heterodimers with STAT3 that bind to the GAS (Interferon-Gamma-Activated Sequence) promoter element; in response to either IFN-α or IFN-β stimulation, STAT1 forms a heterodimer with STAT2 that can bind the ISRE (Interferon-Stimulated Response Element) promoter element.[1] In either case, binding of the promoter element leads to an increased expression of ISG (Interferon-Stimulated Genes).
Expression of STAT1 can be induced with diallyl disulfide, a compound in garlic.[2]
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^Lu HF, Yang JS, Lin YT, Tan TW, Ip SW, Li YC et al. (2007). "Diallyl disulfide induced signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 expression in human colon cancer colo 205 cells using differential display RT-PCR". Cancer Genomics Proteomics.4 (2): 93–7. PMID17804871.
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^ abXia L, Wang L, Chung AS, Ivanov SS, Ling MY, Dragoi AM et al. (August 2002). "Identification of both positive and negative domains within the epidermal growth factor receptor COOH-terminal region for signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) activation". J. Biol. Chem.277 (34): 30716–23. doi:10.1074/jbc.M202823200. PMID12070153.
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^Pang Q, Christianson TA, Keeble W, Diaz J, Faulkner GR, Reifsteck C et al. (September 2001). "The Fanconi anemia complementation group C gene product: structural evidence of multifunctionality". Blood98 (5): 1392–401. doi:10.1182/blood.v98.5.1392. PMID11520787.
^ abUsacheva A, Smith R, Minshall R, Baida G, Seng S, Croze E et al. (June 2001). "The WD motif-containing protein receptor for activated protein kinase C (RACK1) is required for recruitment and activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 through the type I interferon receptor". J. Biol. Chem.276 (25): 22948–53. doi:10.1074/jbc.M100087200. PMID11301323.
^Usacheva A, Tian X, Sandoval R, Salvi D, Levy D, Colamonici OR (September 2003). "The WD motif-containing protein RACK-1 functions as a scaffold protein within the type I IFN receptor-signaling complex". J. Immunol.171 (6): 2989–94. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.171.6.2989. PMID12960323.
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^ abKristof AS, Marks-Konczalik J, Billings E, Moss J (September 2003). "Stimulation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (STAT1)-dependent gene transcription by lipopolysaccharide and interferon-gamma is regulated by mammalian target of rapamycin". J. Biol. Chem.278 (36): 33637–44. doi:10.1074/jbc.M301053200. PMID12807916.
^Wong AH, Durbin JE, Li S, Dever TE, Decker T, Koromilas AE (April 2001). "Enhanced antiviral and antiproliferative properties of a STAT1 mutant unable to interact with the protein kinase PKR". J. Biol. Chem.276 (17): 13727–37. doi:10.1074/jbc.M011240200. PMID11278865.
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^Dumler I, Kopmann A, Wagner K, Mayboroda OA, Jerke U, Dietz R et al. (August 1999). "Urokinase induces activation and formation of Stat4 and Stat1-Stat2 complexes in human vascular smooth muscle cells". J. Biol. Chem.274 (34): 24059–65. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.34.24059. PMID10446176.
^Fagerlund R, Mélen K, Kinnunen L, Julkunen I (August 2002). "Arginine/lysine-rich nuclear localization signals mediate interactions between dimeric STATs and importin alpha 5". J. Biol. Chem.277 (33): 30072–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.M202943200. PMID12048190.
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