Galactosylgalactosylxylosylprotein 3-beta-glucuronosyltransferase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the B3GAT1gene.[1]
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the glucuronyltransferase gene family. These enzymes exhibit strict acceptor specificity, recognizing nonreducing terminal sugars and their anomeric linkages. This gene product functions as the key enzyme in a glucuronyl transfer reaction during the biosynthesis of the carbohydrate epitope HNK-1 (human natural killer-1, also known as CD57 and LEU7). Alternate transcriptional splice variants have been characterized.[1]
There is an increase in the number of circulating CD57 positive cells in the blood of patients who have recently undergone organ or tissue transplants, especially of the bone marrow, and in patients with HIV. Increased CD57+ counts have also been reported in rheumatoid arthritis and Felty's syndrome, among other conditions.[4]
^Mitsumoto Y, Oka S, Sakuma H, Inazawa J, Kawasaki T (2000). "Cloning and chromosomal mapping of human glucuronyltransferase involved in biosynthesis of the HNK-1 carbohydrate epitope". Genomics65 (2): 166–73. doi:10.1006/geno.2000.6152. PMID10783264.
^Dabbs, D. editor, Diagnostic Immunohistochemistry, 3rd ed, 2010, Ch 11, pp. 345-346.
^ abcLeong, Anthony S-Y; Cooper, Kumarason; Leong, F Joel W-M (2003). Manual of Diagnostic Cytology (2 ed.). Greenwich Medical Media, Ltd. pp. 131–134. ISBN 1-84110-100-1.
Further reading
Andersson B, Wentland MA, Ricafrente JY et al. (1996). "A "double adaptor" method for improved shotgun library construction". Anal. Biochem.236 (1): 107–13. doi:10.1006/abio.1996.0138. PMID8619474.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link)
Tone Y, Kitagawa H, Imiya K et al. (1999). "Characterization of recombinant human glucuronyltransferase I involved in the biosynthesis of the glycosaminoglycan-protein linkage region of proteoglycans". FEBS Lett.459 (3): 415–20. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(99)01287-9. PMID10526176.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link)
Mitsumoto Y, Oka S, Sakuma H et al. (2000). "Cloning and chromosomal mapping of human glucuronyltransferase involved in biosynthesis of the HNK-1 carbohydrate epitope". Genomics65 (2): 166–73. doi:10.1006/geno.2000.6152. PMID10783264.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link)
Pedersen LC, Tsuchida K, Kitagawa H et al. (2000). "Heparan/chondroitin sulfate biosynthesis. Structure and mechanism of human glucuronyltransferase I". J. Biol. Chem.275 (44): 34580–5. doi:10.1074/jbc.M007399200. PMID10946001.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link)
Cebo C, Durier V, Lagant P et al. (2002). "Function and molecular modeling of the interaction between human interleukin 6 and its HNK-1 oligosaccharide ligands". J. Biol. Chem.277 (14): 12246–52. doi:10.1074/jbc.M106816200. PMID11788581.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link)
Ouzzine M, Gulberti S, Levoin N et al. (2002). "The donor substrate specificity of the human beta 1,3-glucuronosyltransferase I toward UDP-glucuronic acid is determined by two crucial histidine and arginine residues". J. Biol. Chem.277 (28): 25439–45. doi:10.1074/jbc.M201912200. PMID11986319.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link)
Brenchley JM, Karandikar NJ, Betts MR et al. (2003). "Expression of CD57 defines replicative senescence and antigen-induced apoptotic death of CD8+ T cells". Blood101 (7): 2711–20. doi:10.1182/blood-2002-07-2103. PMID12433688.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link)
Jirásek T, Hozák P, Mandys V (2003). "Different patterns of chromogranin A and Leu-7 (CD57) expression in gastrointestinal carcinoids: immunohistochemical and confocal laser scanning microscopy study". Neoplasma50 (1): 1–7. PMID12687271.
Jeffries AR, Mungall AJ, Dawson E et al. (2004). "beta-1,3-Glucuronyltransferase-1 gene implicated as a candidate for a schizophrenia-like psychosis through molecular analysis of a balanced translocation". Mol. Psychiatry8 (7): 654–63. doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001382. PMID12874601.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link)
Chochi K, Ichikura T, Majima T et al. (2004). "The increase of CD57+ T cells in the peripheral blood and their impaired immune functions in patients with advanced gastric cancer". Oncol. Rep.10 (5): 1443–8. doi:10.3892/or.10.5.1443. PMID12883721.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link)
Kakuda S, Shiba T, Ishiguro M et al. (2004). "Structural basis for acceptor substrate recognition of a human glucuronyltransferase, GlcAT-P, an enzyme critical in the biosynthesis of the carbohydrate epitope HNK-1". J. Biol. Chem.279 (21): 22693–703. doi:10.1074/jbc.M400622200. PMID14993226.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link)
Matsubara K, Yura K, Hirata T et al. (2005). "Acute lymphoblastic leukemia with coexpression of CD56 and CD57: case report". Pediatric hematology and oncology21 (7): 677–82. doi:10.1080/08880010490501105. PMID15626024.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link)
Ibegbu CC, Xu YX, Harris W et al. (2005). "Expression of killer cell lectin-like receptor G1 on antigen-specific human CD8+ T lymphocytes during active, latent, and resolved infection and its relation with CD57". J. Immunol.174 (10): 6088–94. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.174.10.6088. PMID15879103.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link)
Assouti M, Vynios DH, Anagnostides ST et al. (2006). "Collagen type IX and HNK-1 epitope in tears of patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome". Biochim. Biophys. Acta1762 (1): 54–8. doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2005.09.005. PMID16257185.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link)
Barré L, Venkatesan N, Magdalou J et al. (2006). "Evidence of calcium-dependent pathway in the regulation of human beta1,3-glucuronosyltransferase-1 (GlcAT-I) gene expression: a key enzyme in proteoglycan synthesis". FASEB J.20 (10): 1692–4. doi:10.1096/fj.05-5073fje. PMID16807373.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link)
Sada-Ovalle I, Torre-Bouscoulet L, Valdez-Vázquez R et al. (2007). "Characterization of a cytotoxic CD57+ T cell subset from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis". Clin. Immunol.121 (3): 314–23. doi:10.1016/j.clim.2006.08.011. PMID17035093.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link)
PDB gallery
1v82: Crystal structure of human GlcAT-P apo form
1v83: Crystal structure of human GlcAT-P in complex with Udp and Mn2+
1v84: Crystal structure of human GlcAT-P in complex with N-acetyllactosamine, Udp, and Mn2+