Russia is a multi-national state with over 185 ethnic groups designated as nationalities, population of these groups varying enormously, from millions in the case of e.g. Russians and Tatars to under 10,000 in the case of Samis and Kets.[1]
Among the 85 subjects which constitute Russia, there are 21 national republics (meant to be home to a specific ethnic minority), 5 autonomous okrugs (usually with substantial or predominant ethnic minority) and an autonomous oblast.
Contents
Ethnic groups of Russia, 1926-2010[2]
Ethnic group |
Language family |
Main area |
1926 Census | 1939 Census | 1959 Census | 1970 Census | 1979 Census | 1989 Census | 2002 Census | 2010 Census | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | %, | Number | % | Number | % | |||
Russians | Indo-European | European Russia | 72,374,283 | 78.1% | 89,747,795 | 82.9% | 97,863,579 | 83.3% | 107,747,630 | 82.8% | 113,521,881 | 82.6% | 119,865,469 | 81.5% | 115,889,107 | 80.6% | 111,016,896 | 80.9% |
Tatars | Turkic | European Russia | 2,926,053 | 3.2% | 3,682,956 | 3.4% | 4,074,253 | 3.5% | 4,577,061 | 3.5% | 5,055,757 | 3.6% | 5,522,096 | 3.8% | 5,554,601 | 3.9% | 5,310,649 | 3.9% |
Ukrainians | Indo-European | European Russia | 6,870,976 | 7.4% | 3,205,061 | 3.0% | 3,359,083 | 2.9% | 3,345,885 | 2.6% | 3,657,647 | 2.7% | 4,362,872 | 3.0% | 2,942,961 | 2.0% | 1,927,888 | 1.4% |
Bashkirs | Turkic | European Russia | 738,861 | 0.80% | 824,537 | 0.76% | 953,801 | 0.81% | 1,180,913 | 0.91% | 1,290,994 | 0.94% | 1,345,273 | 0.92% | 1,673,389 | 1.16% | 1,584,554 | 1.15% |
Chuvashs | Turkic | European Russia | 1,112,478 | 1.20% | 1,346,232 | 1.24% | 1,436,218 | 1.22% | 1,637,028 | 1.26% | 1,689,847 | 1.23% | 1,773,645 | 1.21% | 1,637,094 | 1.14% | 1,435,872 | 1.05% |
Chechens | Northeast Caucasian | Caucasus | 318,361 | 0.34% | 400,325 | 0.37% | 261,311 | 0.22% | 572,220 | 0.44% | 712,161 | 0.52% | 898,999 | 0.61% | 1,360,253 | 0.95% | 1,431,360 | 1.04% |
Armenians | Indo-European | Caucasus | 183,785 | 0.20% | 205,233 | 0.19% | 255,978 | 0.22% | 298,718 | 0.23% | 364,570 | 0.27% | 532,390 | 0.36% | 1,132,033 | 0.79% | 1,182,388 | 0.86% |
Avars | Northeast Caucasian | Caucasus | 178,263 | 0.19% | 235,715 | 0.22% | 249,529 | 0.21% | 361,613 | 0.28% | 438,306 | 0.32% | 544,016 | 0.37% | 814,473 | 0.57% | 912,090 | 0.66% |
Mordvins | Uralic | European Russia | 1,306,798 | 1.41% | 1,375,558 | 1.27% | 1,211,105 | 1.03% | 1,177,492 | 0.91% | 1,111,075 | 0.81% | 1,072,939 | 0.73% | 843,350 | 0.59% | 744,237 | 0.54% |
Kazakhs | Turkic | Central Asia | 136,501 | 0.15% | 356,500 | 0.33% | 382,431 | 0.33% | 477,820 | 0.37% | 518,060 | 0.38% | 635,865 | 0.43% | 653,962 | 0.46% | 647,732 | 0.47% |
Azerbaijanis | Turkic | Caucasus | 24,335 | 0.03% | 43,014 | 0.04% | 70,947 | 0.06% | 95,689 | 0.07% | 152,421 | 0.11% | 335,889 | 0.23% | 621,840 | 0.43% | 603,070 | 0.44% |
Dargins | Northeast Caucasian | Caucasus | 125,759 | 0.14% | 152,007 | 0.14% | 152,563 | 0.13% | 224,172 | 0.17% | 280,444 | 0.20% | 353,348 | 0.24% | 510,156 | 0.35% | 589,386 | 0.43% |
Udmurts (incl. Besermyan 1939-1989) | Uralic | European Russia | 503,970 | 0.54% | 599,893 | 0.55% | 615,640 | 0.52% | 678,393 | 0.52% | 685,718 | 0.50% | 714,883 | 0.49% | 636,906 | 0.45% | 552,299 | 0.40% |
Mari | Uralic | European Russia | 427,874 | 0.46% | 476,314 | 0.44% | 498,066 | 0.42% | 581,082 | 0.45% | 599,637 | 0.44% | 643,698 | 0.44% | 604,298 | 0.42% | 547,605 | 0.40% |
Ossetians | Indo-European | Caucasus | 157,280 | 0.17% | 195,624 | 0.18% | 247,834 | 0.21% | 313,458 | 0.24% | 352,080 | 0.26% | 402,275 | 0.27% | 514,875 | 0.36% | 528,515 | 0.38% |
Belarusians | Indo-European | European Russia | 607,845 | 0.66% | 451,933 | 0.42% | 843,985 | 0.72% | 964,082 | 0.74% | 1,051,900 | 0.77% | 1,206,222 | 0.82% | 807,970 | 0.56% | 521,443 | 0.38% |
Kabardins | Northwest Caucasian | Caucasus | 139,864 | 0.15% | 161,216 | 0.15% | 200,634 | 0.17% | 277,435 | 0.21% | 318,822 | 0.23% | 386,055 | 0.26% | 519,958 | 0.36% | 516,826 | 0.38% |
Kumyks | Turkic | Caucasus | 94,509 | 0.10% | 110,299 | 0.10% | 132,896 | 0.11% | 186,690 | 0.14% | 225,800 | 0.16% | 277,163 | 0.19% | 422,409 | 0.29% | 503,060 | 0.37% |
Yakuts (icl. Dolgans 1939-1959) | Turkic | Siberia | 240,682 | 0.26% | 241,870 | 0.22% | 236,125 | 0.20% | 295,223 | 0.23% | 326,531 | 0.24% | 380,242 | 0.26% | 443,852 | 0.31% | 478,085 | 0.35% |
Lezgians | Northeast Caucasian | Caucasus | 92,937 | 0.10% | 100,328 | 0.09% | 114,210 | 0.10% | 170,494 | 0.13% | 202,854 | 0.15% | 257,270 | 0.17% | 411,535 | 0.29% | 473,722 | 0.34% |
Buryats (incl. Soyots 1939-1989) | Mongolic | Siberia | 237,490 | 0.26% | 220,618 | 0.20% | 251,504 | 0.21% | 312,847 | 0.24% | 349,760 | 0.25% | 417,425 | 0.28% | 445,175 | 0.31% | 461,389 | 0.34% |
Ingush | Northeast Caucasian | Caucasus | 72,137 | 0.08% | 90,980 | 0.08% | 55,799 | 0.05% | 137,380 | 0.11% | 165,997 | 0.12% | 215,068 | 0.15% | 413,016 | 0.29% | 444,833 | 0.32% |
Germans | Indo-European | European Russia | 707,277 | 0.76% | 811,205 | 0.75% | 820,016 | 0.70% | 761,888 | 0.59% | 790,762 | 0.58% | 842,295 | 0.57% | 597,212 | 0.42% | 394,138 | 0.29% |
Uzbeks | Turkic | Central Asia | 942 | 0.00% | 16,166 | 0.01% | 29,512 | 0.03% | 61,588 | 0.05% | 72,385 | 0.05% | 126,899 | 0.09% | 122,916 | 0.09% | 289,862 | 0.21% |
Tuvans | Turkic | Siberia | 200 | 0.00% | 794 | 0.00% | 99,864 | 0.08% | 139,013 | 0.11% | 165,426 | 0.12% | 206,160 | 0.14% | 243,442 | 0.17% | 263,934 | 0.19% |
Komi (incl. Komi-Permyak 1939) | Uralic | European Russia | 226,012 | 0.24% | 415,009 | 0.38% | 281,780 | 0.24% | 315,347 | 0.24% | 320,078 | 0.23% | 336,309 | 0.23% | 293,406 | 0.20% | 228,235 | 0.17% |
Karachays | Turkic | Caucasus | 55,116 | 0.06% | 74,488 | 0.07% | 70,537 | 0.06% | 106,831 | 0.08% | 125,792 | 0.09% | 150,332 | 0.10% | 192,182 | 0.13% | 218,403 | 0.16% |
Roma | Indo-European | European Russia | 39,089 | 0.04% | 59,198 | 0.05% | 72,488 | 0.06% | 97,955 | 0.08% | 120,672 | 0.09% | 152,939 | 0.10% | 183,252 | 0.13% | 204,958 | 0.15% |
Tajiks | Indo-European | Central Asia | 52 | 0.00% | 3,315 | 0.00% | 7,027 | 0.01% | 14,108 | 0.01% | 17,863 | 0.01% | 38,208 | 0.03% | 120,136 | 0.08% | 200,666 | 0.15% |
Kalmyks | Mongolic | Caucasus | 128,809 | 0.14% | 129,786 | 0.12% | 100,603 | 0.09% | 131,318 | 0.10% | 140,103 | 0.10% | 165,103 | 0.11% | 174,000 | 0.12% | 183,372 | 0.13% |
Laks | Northeast Caucasian | Caucasus | 40,243 | 0.04% | 54,348 | 0.05% | 58,397 | 0.05% | 78,625 | 0.06% | 91,412 | 0.07% | 106,245 | 0.07% | 156,545 | 0.11% | 178,630 | 0.13% |
Georgians | South Caucasian | Caucasus | 20,551 | 0.02% | 43,585 | 0.04% | 57,594 | 0.05% | 68,971 | 0.05% | 89,407 | 0.07% | 130,688 | 0.09% | 197,934 | 0.14% | 157,803 | 0.11% |
Jews | Semitic | European Russia | 539,086 | 0.58% | 891,147 | 0.82% | 875,058 | 0.74% | 807,526 | 0.62% | 699,286 | 0.51% | 550,709 | 0.37% | 233,439 | 0.16% | 156,801 | 0.11% |
Moldovans | Indo-European | European Russia | 16,870 | 0.02% | 21,974 | 0.02% | 62,298 | 0.05% | 87,538 | 0.07% | 102,137 | 0.07% | 172,671 | 0.12% | 172,330 | 0.12% | 156,400 | 0.11% |
Koreans | Korean | Siberia | 86,799 | 0.09 % | 11,345 | 0.01 % | 91,445 | 0.08 % | 101,369 | 0.08 % | 97,649 | 0.07 % | 107,051 | 0.07 % | 148,556 | 0.10 % | 153,156 | 0.11 % |
Tabasarans | Northeast Caucasian | Caucasus | 31,983 | 0.03% | 33,471 | 0.03% | 34,288 | 0.03% | 54,047 | 0.04% | 73,433 | 0.05% | 93,587 | 0.06% | 131,785 | 0.09% | 146,360 | 0.11% |
Adyghe (incl. Shapsugs 1926-1989 and Cherkess 1926-1939) | Northwest Caucasian | Caucasus | 64,959 | 0.07% | 85,588 | 0.08% | 78,561 | 0.07% | 98,461 | 0.08% | 107,239 | 0.08% | 122,908 | 0.08% | 128,528 | 0.09% | 124,835 | 0.09% |
Balkars | Turkic | Caucasus | 33,298 | 0.04% | 41,949 | 0.04% | 35,249 | 0.03% | 52,969 | 0.04% | 61,828 | 0.04% | 78,341 | 0.05% | 108,426 | 0.08% | 112,924 | 0.08% |
Turks (incl. Meskhetian Turks 1926-1989) | Turkic | Caucasus | 1,846 | 0.00% | 2,668 | 0.00% | 1,377 | 0.00% | 1,568 | 0.00% | 3,561 | 0.00% | 9,890 | 0.01% | 92,415 | 0.06% | 105,058 | 0.08% |
Nogais | Turkic | Caucasus | 36,089 | 0.04% | 36,088 | 0.03% | 37,656 | 0.03% | 51,159 | 0.04% | 58,639 | 0.04% | 73,703 | 0.05% | 90,666 | 0.06% | 103,660 | 0.08% |
Kyrgyz | Turkic | Central Asia | 285 | 0.00% | 6,311 | 0.01% | 4,701 | 0.00% | 9,107 | 0.01% | 15,011 | 0.01% | 41,734 | 0.03% | 31,808 | 0.02% | 103,422 | 0.08% |
Komi-Permyak (in Komi 1939) | Uralic | European Russia | 149,275 | 0.16% | 143,030 | 0.12% | 150,244 | 0.12% | 145,993 | 0.11% | 147,269 | 0.10% | 125,235 | 0.09% | 94,456 | 0.07% | ||
Altay | Turkic | Siberia | 52,248 | 0.06% | 46,489 | 0.04% | 44,654 | 0.04% | 54,614 | 0.04% | 58,879 | 0.04% | 69,409 | 0.05% | 77,822 | 0.05% | 89,773 | 0.06% |
Pontic Greeks (including Caucasus Greeks) | Indo-European | Caucasus | 34,439 | 0.04% | 65,705 | 0.06% | 47,024 | 0.04% | 57,847 | 0.04% | 69,816 | 0.05% | 91,699 | 0.06% | 97,827 | 0.07% | 85,640 | 0.06% |
Cherkess (in Adyghe 1926-1939) | Northwest Caucasian | Caucasus | 28,986 | 0.02% | 38,356 | 0.03% | 44,572 | 0.03% | 50,572 | 0.03% | 60,517 | 0.04% | 73,184 | 0.05% | ||||
Khakas | Turkic | Siberia | 45,607 | 0.05% | 52,033 | 0.05% | 56,032 | 0.05% | 65,368 | 0.05% | 69,247 | 0.05% | 78,500 | 0.05% | 76,278 | 0.05% | 72,959 | 0.05% |
Karelians | Uralic | European Russia | 248,017 | 0.27% | 249,778 | 0.23% | 164,050 | 0.14% | 141,148 | 0.11% | 133,182 | 0.10% | 124,921 | 0.08% | 93,344 | 0.06% | 60,815 | 0.04% |
Poles | Indo-European | European Russia | 189,269 | 0.20% | 142,461 | 0.13% | 118,422 | 0.10% | 107,084 | 0.08% | 99,733 | 0.07% | 94,594 | 0.06% | 73,001 | 0.05% | 47,125 | 0.03% |
Nenets (incl. Enets 1926-1979 and Nganasans 1926-1939) | Uralic | Siberia | 17,560 | 0.02% | 24,716 | 0.02% | 22,845 | 0.02% | 28,487 | 0.02% | 29,487 | 0.02% | 34,190 | 0.02% | 41,302 | 0.03% | 44,640 | 0.03% |
Abazas | Northwest Caucasian | Caucasus | 13,825 | 0.01% | 14,739 | 0.01% | 19,059 | 0.02% | 24,892 | 0.02% | 28,800 | 0.02% | 32,983 | 0.02% | 37,942 | 0.03% | 43,341 | 0.03% |
Yazidis (in Kurds 1939-1989) | Indo-European | Caucasus | 1 | 0.00% | 31,273 | 0.02% | 40,586 | 0.03% | ||||||||||
Evenks | Tungusic | Siberia | 38,804 | 0.03% | 29,599 | 0.02% | 24,583 | 0.02% | 25,051 | 0.02% | 27,278 | 0.02% | 29,901 | 0.02% | 35,527 | 0.02% | 37,843 | 0.03% |
Turkmens | Turkic | Central Asia | 7,849 | 0.01% | 12,869 | 0.01% | 11,631 | 0.01% | 20,040 | 0.02% | 22,979 | 0.02% | 39,739 | 0.03% | 33,053 | 0.02% | 36,885 | 0.03% |
Rutuls | Northeast Caucasian | Caucasus | 10,333 | 0.01% | SDP | SDP | 6,703 | 0.01% | 11,904 | 0.01% | 14,835 | 0.01% | 19,503 | 0.01% | 29,929 | 0.02% | 35,240 | 0.03% |
Aghuls | Northeast Caucasian | Caucasus | 7,653 | 0.01% | SDP | SDP | 6,460 | 0.01% | 8,751 | 0.01% | 11,752 | 0.01% | 17,728 | 0.01% | 28,297 | 0.02% | 34,160 | 0.02% |
Lithuanians | Indo-European | European Russia | 26,128 | 0.03% | 20,795 | 0.02% | 108,579 | 0.09% | 76,718 | 0.06% | 66,783 | 0.05% | 70,427 | 0.05% | 45,569 | 0.03% | 31,377 | 0.02% |
Khanty | Uralic | Siberia | 22,301 | 0.02% | 18,447 | 0.02% | 19,246 | 0.02% | 21,007 | 0.02% | 20,743 | 0.02% | 22,283 | 0.02% | 28,678 | 0.02% | 30,943 | 0.02% |
Chinese | Sino-Tibetan | Siberia | 8,739 | 0.01 % | 22,491 | 0.02 % | 19,097 | 0.02 % | 7,987 | 0.01 % | 5,743 | 0.00 % | 5,197 | 0.00 % | 34,577 | 0.02 % | 28,943 | 0.02 % |
Bulgarians | Indo-European | European Russia | 4,087 | 0.00% | 8,338 | 0.01% | 24,899 | 0.02% | 27,321 | 0.02% | 24,943 | 0.02% | 32,785 | 0.02% | 31,965 | 0.02% | 24,038 | 0.02% |
Kurds (incl. Yazidis 1939-1989) | Indo-European | Caucasus | 164 | 0.00% | 387 | 0.00% | 855 | 0.00% | 1,015 | 0.00% | 1,634 | 0.00% | 4,724 | 0.00% | 19,607 | 0.01% | 23,232 | 0.01% |
Evens | Tungusic | Siberia | 2,044 | 0.00% | 9,674 | 0.01% | 9,023 | 0.01% | 11,819 | 0.01% | 12,215 | 0.01% | 17,055 | 0.01% | 19,071 | 0.01% | 22,383 | 0.02% |
Finns | Uralic | European Russia | 134,089 | 0.14% | 138,962 | 0.13% | 72,356 | 0.06% | 62,307 | 0.05% | 55,687 | 0.04% | 47,102 | 0.03% | 34,050 | 0.02% | 20,267 | 0.01% |
Latvians | Indo-European | European Russia | 124,312 | 0.13% | 104,877 | 0.10% | 74,932 | 0.06% | 59,695 | 0.05% | 67,267 | 0.05% | 46,829 | 0.03% | 28,520 | 0.02% | 18,979 | 0.01% |
Estonians | Uralic | European Russia | 146,051 | 0.16% | 130,494 | 0.12% | 78,556 | 0.07% | 62,980 | 0.05% | 55,539 | 0.04% | 46,390 | 0.03% | 28,113 | 0.02% | 17,875 | 0.01% |
Chukchi (incl. Kereks 1926-1989 and Chuvans 1939-1979) | Chukotko-Kamchatkan | Siberia | 12,331 | 0.01% | 13,830 | 0.01% | 11,680 | 0.01% | 13,500 | 0.01% | 13,937 | 0.01% | 15,107 | 0.01% | 15,767 | 0.01% | 15,908 | 0.01% |
Vietnamese | Vietnamese | European Russia | 0 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 781 | 0.00 % | 6,287 | 0.00 % | 661 | 0.00 % | 2,142 | 0.00 % | 26,206 | 0.02 % | 13,954 | 0.01 % |
Gagauz | Turkic | European Russia | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 3,012 | 0.00% | 3,704 | 0.00% | 4,176 | 0.00% | 10,051 | 0.01% | 12,210 | 0.01% | 13,690 | 0.01% |
Shors | Turkic | Siberia | 13,000 | 0.01% | 16,042 | 0.01% | 14,938 | 0.01% | 15,950 | 0.01% | 15,182 | 0.01% | 15,745 | 0.01% | 13,975 | 0.01% | 12,888 | 0.01% |
Tsakhurs | Northeast Caucasian | Caucasus | 3,533 | 0.00% | SDP | SDP | 4,437 | 0.00% | 4,730 | 0.00% | 4,774 | 0.00% | 6,492 | 0.00% | 10,366 | 0.01% | 12,769 | 0.01% |
Mansi | Uralic | Siberia | 5,754 | 0.01% | 6,295 | 0.01% | 6,318 | 0.01% | 7,609 | 0.01% | 7,434 | 0.01% | 8,279 | 0.01% | 11,432 | 0.01% | 12,269 | 0.01% |
Nanais | Tungusic | Siberia | 5,860 | 0.01% | 8,411 | 0.01% | 7,919 | 0.01% | 9,911 | 0.01% | 10,357 | 0.01% | 11,883 | 0.01% | 12,160 | 0.01% | 12,003 | 0.01% |
Abkhaz | Northwest Caucasian | Caucasus | 97 | 0.00% | 647 | 0.00% | 1,400 | 0.00% | 2,427 | 0.00% | 4,058 | 0.00% | 7,239 | 0.00% | 11,366 | 0.01% | 11,249 | 0.01% |
Assyrians | Semitic | Caucasus | 2,791 | 0.00% | 7,446 | 0.01% | 7,612 | 0.01% | 8,098 | 0.01% | 8,708 | 0.01% | 9,622 | 0.01% | 13,649 | 0.01% | 11,084 | 0.01% |
Arabs | Semitic | European Russia | 466 | 0.00 % | 94 | 0.00 % | 649 | 0.00 % | 2,555 | 0.00 % | 2,339 | 0.00 % | 2,704 | 0.00 % | 10,811 | 0.01 % | 9,583 | 0.01 % |
Nağaybäk | Turkic | Siberia | 11196 | 0.01 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 9,600 | 0.01 % | 8,148 | 0.01 % |
Koryaks | Chukotko-Kamchatkan | Siberia | 7,437 | 0.01% | 7,337 | 0.01% | 6,168 | 0.01% | 7,367 | 0.01% | 7,637 | 0.01% | 8,942 | 0.01% | 8,743 | 0.01% | 7,953 | 0.01% |
Dolgans (in Yakuts 1939-1959) | Turkic | Siberia | 656 | 0.00% | 4,718 | 0.00% | 4,911 | 0.00% | 6,584 | 0.00% | 7,261 | 0.01% | 7,885 | 0.01% | ||||
Veps | Uralic | European Russia | 32,783 | 0.04% | 31,442 | 0.03% | 16,170 | 0.01% | 8,057 | 0.01% | 7,550 | 0.01% | 12,142 | 0.01% | 8,240 | 0.01% | 5,936 | 0.00% |
Afghans | Indo-European | European Russia | 38 | 0.00 % | 190 | 0.00 % | 175 | 0.00 % | 561 | 0.00 % | 184 | 0.00 % | 858 | 0.00 % | 9,800 | 0.01 % | 5,350 | 0.00 % |
Meskhetian Turks (in Turks 1926-1989) | Turkic | Caucasus | 3,527 | 0.00% | 4,825 | 0.00% | ||||||||||||
Nivkh | Nivkh | Siberia | 4,076 | 0.00% | 3,857 | 0.00% | 3,690 | 0.00% | 4,356 | 0.00% | 4,366 | 0.00% | 4,631 | 0.00% | 5,162 | 0.00% | 4,652 | 0.00% |
Udis | Northeast Caucasian | Caucasus | 2 | 0.00% | SDP | SDP | 35 | 0.00% | 94 | 0.00% | 216 | 0.00% | 1,102 | 0.00% | 3,721 | 0.00% | 4,267 | 0.00% |
Indians | Indo-European | European Russia | 17 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 216 | 0.00 % | 1,378 | 0.00 % | 181 | 0.00 % | 535 | 0.00 % | 4,980 | 0.00 % | 4,058 | 0.00 % |
Shapsugs (in Adyghe 1926-1989) | Northwest Caucasian | Caucasus | 3,231 | 0.00% | 3,882 | 0.00% | ||||||||||||
Persians | Indo-European | Caucasus | 8,626 | 0.01% | 6,041 | 0.01% | 2,490 | 0.00% | 2,548 | 0.00% | 1,747 | 0.00% | 2,572 | 0.00% | 3,821 | 0.00% | 3,696 | 0.00% |
Uygurs | Turkic | Central Asia | 26 | 0.00% | 642 | 0.00% | 720 | 0.00% | 1,513 | 0.00% | 1,707 | 0.00% | 2,577 | 0.00% | 2,867 | 0.00% | 3,696 | 0.00% |
Selkups | Uralic | Siberia | 1,630 | 0.00% | 2,604 | 0.00% | 3,704 | 0.00% | 4,249 | 0.00% | 3,518 | 0.00% | 3,564 | 0.00% | 4,249 | 0.00% | 3,649 | 0.00% |
Soyots (in Buryats 1939-1989) | Mongolic | Siberia | 229 | 0.00% | 2,769 | 0.00% | 3,608 | 0.00% | ||||||||||
Serbs | Indo-European | European Russia | 1,278 | 0.00 % | 2,373 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 1,431 | 0.00 % | 815 | 0.00 % | 1,580 | 0.00 % | 4,156 | 0.00 % | 3,510 | 0.00 % |
Romanians | Indo-European | European Russia | 2,881 | 0.00 % | 2,682 | 0.00 % | 3,316 | 0.00 % | 4,093 | 0.00 % | 3,837 | 0.00 % | 5,996 | 0.00 % | 5,308 | 0.00 % | 3,201 | 0.00 % |
Itelmeni | Chukotko-Kamchatkan | Siberia | 803 | 0.00% | SSP | SSP | 1,096 | 0.00% | 1,255 | 0.00% | 1,335 | 0.00% | 2,429 | 0.00% | 3,180 | 0.00% | 3,193 | 0.00% |
Mongols | Mongolic | Siberia | 548 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 1,511 | 0.00 % | 3,759 | 0.00 % | 1,812 | 0.00 % | 2,117 | 0.00 % | 2,656 | 0.00 % | 2,986 | 0.00 % |
Kumandins | Turkic | Siberia | 6,335 | 0.01 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 3,114 | 0.00 % | 2,892 | 0.00 % |
Hungarians | Uralic | European Russia | 3,882 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 4,175 | 0.00 % | 6,681 | 0.01 % | 4,313 | 0.00 % | 5,742 | 0.00 % | 3,768 | 0.00 % | 2,781 | 0.00 % |
Ulchs | Tungusic | Siberia | 723 | 0.00% | SSP | SSP | 2,049 | 0.00% | 2,410 | 0.00% | 2,494 | 0.00% | 3,173 | 0.00% | 2,913 | 0.00% | 2,765 | 0.00% |
Teleuts | Turkic | Siberia | 1,898 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 2,650 | 0.00 % | 2,643 | 0.00 % |
Talysh | Indo-European | Caucasus | 0 | 0.00% | 47 | 0.00% | 33 | 0.00% | 2 | 0.00% | 202 | 0.00% | 2,548 | 0.00% | 2,529 | 0.00% | ||
Crimean Tatars | Turkic | European Russia | 0 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 416 | 0.00 % | 2,852 | 0.00 % | 5,165 | 0.00 % | 21,275 | 0.01 % | 4,131 | 0.00 % | 2,449 | 0.00 % |
Besermyan (in Udmurts 1939-1989) | Uralic | European Russia | 10,035 | 0.01% | 3,122 | 0.00% | 2,201 | 0.00% | ||||||||||
Hemshins | Indo-European | Caucasus | 2 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 1,542 | 0.00 % | 2,047 | 0.00 % |
Kamchadals | Chukotko-Kamchatkan | Siberia | 4216 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 2,293 | 0.00 % | 1,927 | 0.00 % |
Czechs | Indo-European | European Russia | 7,996 | 0.01 % | 7,526 | 0.01 % | 7,174 | 0.01 % | 6,073 | 0.00 % | 4,491 | 0.00 % | 4,375 | 0.00 % | 2,904 | 0.00 % | 1,898 | 0.00 % |
Sami | Uralic | European Russia | 1,715 | 0.00% | 1,828 | 0.00% | 1,760 | 0.00% | 1,836 | 0.00% | 1,775 | 0.00% | 1,835 | 0.00% | 1,991 | 0.00% | 1,771 | 0.00% |
Dungans | Sino-Tibetan | Siberia | 6,009 | 0.01 % | 48 | 0.00 % | 169 | 0.00 % | 304 | 0.00 % | 1,159 | 0.00 % | 635 | 0.00 % | 801 | 0.00 % | 1,651 | 0.00 % |
Eskimo | Eskimo-Aleut | Siberia | 1,292 | 0.00% | SSP | SSP | 1,111 | 0.00% | 1,265 | 0.00% | 1,460 | 0.00% | 1,704 | 0.00% | 1,750 | 0.00% | 1,738 | 0.00% |
Yukaghir | Yukaghir | Siberia | 443 | 0.00% | SSP | SSP | 440 | 0.00% | 593 | 0.00% | 801 | 0.00% | 1,112 | 0.00% | 1,509 | 0.00% | 1,603 | 0.00% |
Tats | Indo-European | Caucasus | 223 | 0.00% | 5,136 | 0.00% | 8,753 | 0.01% | 12,748 | 0.01% | 19,420 | 0.01% | 2,303 | 0.00% | 1,585 | 0.00% | ||
Americans | Indo-European | European Russia | 0 | 0.00 % | 457 | 0.00 % | 273 | 0.00 % | 785 | 0.00 % | 81 | 0.00 % | 185 | 0.00 % | 1,275 | 0.00 % | 1,572 | 0.00 % |
Udege (incl. Taz 1926-1989) | Tungusic | Siberia | 1,357 | 0.00% | 1,701 | 0.00% | 1,395 | 0.00% | 1,396 | 0.00% | 1,431 | 0.00% | 1,902 | 0.00% | 1,657 | 0.00% | 1,496 | 0.00% |
French | Indo-European | European Russia | 1,338 | 0.00 % | 991 | 0.00 % | 535 | 0.00 % | 1,243 | 0.00 % | 305 | 0.00 % | 352 | 0.00 % | 819 | 0.00 % | 1,475 | 0.00 % |
Karakalpaks | Turkic | Central Asia | 14 | 0.00% | 306 | 0.00% | 988 | 0.00% | 2,267 | 0.00% | 1,743 | 0.00% | 6,155 | 0.00% | 1,609 | 0.00% | 1,466 | 0.00% |
Italians | Indo-European | European Russia | 749 | 0.00 % | 713 | 0.00 % | 525 | 0.00 % | 889 | 0.00 % | 356 | 0.00 % | 627 | 0.00 % | 862 | 0.00 % | 1,370 | 0.00 % |
Ket | Yeniseian | Siberia | 1,428 | 0.00% | SSP | SSP | 1,017 | 0.00% | 1,161 | 0.00% | 1,072 | 0.00% | 1,084 | 0.00% | 1,494 | 0.00% | 1,219 | 0.00% |
Spanish | Indo-European | European Russia | 0 | 0.00 % | 2,290 | 0.00 % | 1,615 | 0.00 % | 2,631 | 0.00 % | 1,961 | 0.00 % | 2,054 | 0.00 % | 1,547 | 0.00 % | 1,162 | 0.00 % |
Slovenes | Indo-European | European Russia | 0 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 1,008 | 0.00 % |
Chuvans (in Chukchi 1939-1979) | Chukotko-Kamchatkan | Siberia | 704 | 0.00% | 1,384 | 0.00% | 1,087 | 0.00% | 1,002 | 0.00% | ||||||||
British | Indo-European | European Russia | 517 | 0.00 % | 416 | 0.00 % | 312 | 0.00 % | 542 | 0.00 % | 115 | 0.00 % | 223 | 0.00 % | 529 | 0.00 % | 950 | 0.00 % |
Japanese | Japanese | Siberia | 79 | 0.00 % | 922 | 0.00 % | 888 | 0.00 % | 1,141 | 0.00 % | 655 | 0.00 % | 591 | 0.00 % | 835 | 0.00 % | 888 | 0.00 % |
Nganasans (in Nenets 1926-1939) | Uralic | Siberia | 721 | 0.00% | 823 | 0.00% | 842 | 0.00% | 1,262 | 0.00% | 834 | 0.00% | 862 | 0.00% | ||||
Mountain Jews | Indo-European | Caucasus | 15,612 | 0.02 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 19,352 | 0.02 % | 15,434 | 0.01 % | 6,509 | 0.00 % | 11,282 | 0.01 % | 3,394 | 0.00 % | 762 | 0.00 % |
Tofalars | Turkic | Siberia | 2,828 | 0.00% | SSP | SSP | 476 | 0.00% | 570 | 0.00% | 576 | 0.00% | 722 | 0.00% | 837 | 0.00% | 762 | 0.00% |
Cubans | Indo-European | European Russia | 0 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 1,175 | 0.00 % | 1,566 | 0.00 % | 707 | 0.00 % | 676 | 0.00 % |
Orochs (incl. Oroks 1970-1979) | Tungusic | Siberia | 646 | 0.00% | SSP | SSP | 779 | 0.00% | 1,037 | 0.00% | 1,040 | 0.00% | 883 | 0.00% | 686 | 0.00% | 596 | 0.00% |
Negidals | Tungusic | Siberia | 683 | 0.00% | SSP | SSP | 495 | 0.00% | 477 | 0.00% | 587 | 0.00% | 567 | 0.00% | 513 | 0.00% | ||
Pakistani | Indo-European | European Russia | 0 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 507 | 0.00 % |
Aleut | Eskimo-Aleut | Siberia | 353 | 0.00% | SSP | SSP | 399 | 0.00% | 410 | 0.00% | 489 | 0.00% | 644 | 0.00% | 540 | 0.00% | 482 | 0.00% |
Pamiris | Indo-European | European Russia | 0 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 363 | 0.00 % |
Chulyms | Turkic | Siberia | 0 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 656 | 0.00 % | 355 | 0.00 % |
Macedonians | Indo-European | European Russia | 0 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 325 | 0.00 % |
Slovaks | Indo-European | European Russia | 0 | 0.00 % | 513 | 0.00 % | 497 | 0.00 % | 758 | 0.00 % | 439 | 0.00 % | 711 | 0.00 % | 568 | 0.00 % | 324 | 0.00 % |
Croats | Indo-European | European Russia | 0 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 174 | 0.00 % | 115 | 0.00 % | 479 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 304 | 0.00 % |
Oroks (in Orochs 1970-1979) | Tungusic | Siberia | 162 | 0.00% | SSP | SSP | 2 | 0.00% | 179 | 0.00% | 346 | 0.00% | 295 | 0.00% | ||||
Taz (in Udege 1926-1989) | Sino-Tibetan | Siberia | 276 | 0.00% | 274 | 0.00% | ||||||||||||
Izhorians | Uralic | European Russia | 16,136 | 0.02% | 7,720 | 0.01% | 564 | 0.00% | 561 | 0.00% | 449 | 0.00% | 449 | 0.00% | 327 | 0.00% | 266 | 0.00% |
Bosnians | Indo-European | European Russia | 0 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 256 | 0.00 % |
Enets (in Nenets 1926-1979) | Uralic | Siberia | 198 | 0.00% | 237 | 0.00% | 227 | 0.00% | ||||||||||
Ruthenians | Indo-European | European Russia | 0 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 97 | 0.00 % | 225 | 0.00 % |
Karaites | Turkic | European Russia | 1,608 | 0.00% | 1,608 | 0.00% | 1,236 | 0.00% | 939 | 0.00% | 680 | 0.00% | 366 | 0.00% | 205 | 0.00% | ||
Montenegrins | Indo-European | European Russia | 0 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 181 | 0.00 % |
Krymchaks | Turkic | European Russia | 6,185 | 0.01 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 249 | 0.00 % | 389 | 0.00 % | 1,365 | 0.00 % | 338 | 0.00 % | 157 | 0.00 % | 90 | 0.00 % |
Georgian Jews | South Caucasian | Caucasus | 82 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 109 | 0.00 % | 109 | 0.00 % | 130 | 0.00 % | 1,172 | 0.00 % | 53 | 0.00 % | 78 | 0.00 % |
Votes | Uralic | European Russia | 705 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 73 | 0.00 % | 64 | 0.00 % |
Central Asian Rroma | Indo-European | European Russia | 0 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 486 | 0.00 % | 49 | 0.00 % |
Central Asian Jews | Indo-European | European Russia | 93 | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 % | 99 | 0.00 % | 91 | 0.00 % | 336 | 0.00 % | 1,407 | 0.00 % | 54 | 0.00 % | 32 | 0.00 % |
Kereks (in Chukchi 1926-1989) | Chukotko-Kamchatkan | Siberia | 8 | 0.00% | 4 | 0.00% | ||||||||||||
Small Dagestan Peoples (SDP) | Caucasus | 20,962 | 0.02% | |||||||||||||||
Small Siberian Peoples (SSP) | Siberia | 11,824 | 0.01% |
Language and culture
Although the constitution of Russia recognizes Russian as the official language, the individual republics may declare one or more official languages. Most of subjects have at least two — Russian and the language of the "eponymous" nationality.[1] There is a lively minority language scene in most subjects of the country, with more than 1,350 newspapers and magazines, 300 TV channels and 250 radio stations in over 50 minority languages. Moreover, new legislation allows usage of minority languages in federal radio and TV broadcasting.[3]
In 2007, there were 6,260 schools which provided teaching in altogether 38 minority languages, and over 75 minority languages were taught as a discipline in 10,404 schools. Ministers of Council of Europe has noted efforts to improve the supply of minority language textbooks and teachers, as well as greater availability of minority language teaching. However, as Ministers has noted, there remain shortcomings in the access to education of persons belonging to certain minorities.[3]
There are more than 2,000 national minorities' public associations and 560 national cultural autonomies, however the Committee of Ministers has noted that in many regions amount of state support for the preservation and development of minority cultures is still inadequate.[3] There's a significant difference between "eponymous" ethnic groups and nationalities without their own national territory, as resources of the last are relatively limited.[1]
Indigenous peoples
Russia is also home of a particular category of minority peoples, i.e. small indigenous peoples of the North and Far East, who maintain very traditional lifestyles, often in a hazardous climatic environment, while adapting to the modern world.[1] After the fall of the Soviet Union, Russia passed legislation to protect rights of small northern indigenous peoples.[1]
Gil-Robles has noted agreements between indigenous representatives and oil companies, which are to compensate potential damages on peoples habitats due to oil exploration.[1] As Committee of Ministers of Council of Europe noted in 2007, despite some initiatives for development, the social and economic situation of numerically small indigenous peoples was affected by recent legislative amendments at the federal level, removing some positive measures as regards their access to land and other natural resources.[3]
Maps
See also
Indigenous peoples:
- List of larger indigenous peoples of Russia
- List of small-numbered indigenous peoples of Russia
- List of extinct indigenous peoples of Russia
- Indigenous peoples of Siberia
- List of endangered languages in Russia
References
- ^ a b c d e f "Report by Mr. Alvaro Gil-Robles on his Visits to the Russian Federation". Council of Europe, Commissioner for Human Rights. 2005-04-20. Retrieved 2008-03-16.
- ^ Demoskop Weekly No 543-544
- ^ a b c d Resolution on the implementation of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities, Committee of Ministers of Council of Europe, May 2, 2007
External links
- Population by mother tongue and districts in 50 Governorates of the European Russia in 1897
- Human Rights problems in Russia: The situation of non-Russian Peoples
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