The best road to progress is freedom's road. - JFK
Texas
The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Vietnamese language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. There are two major standards, one of Hanoi and one of Saigon. Each makes distinctions that the other does not; the central dialects, which make the distinctions of both, are represented here. Following the examples are common alternate transcriptions for sounds in IPA, for comparison.
^This is a dipping tone. It looks similar to ã ə̃ ([ ̃ ] (nasalized mark). The dipping tone differs only in being angular in shape, but is not widely supported by IPA fonts.
^ abBefore a final /p, t, c, k/, the six tones of Vietnamese are reduced to two.