This article is about the demographic features of the population of Slovenia, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.
With 101 inhabitants per square kilometre (262/sq mi), Slovenia ranks low among the European countries in population density (compared to 402/km² (1042/sq mi) for the Netherlands or 195/km² (505/sq mi) for Italy). The Notranjska-Kras statistical region has the lowest population density while the Central Slovenian statistical region has the highest.[1]
According to the 2002 census, Slovenia's main ethnic group are the Slovenes (83%). At least 13% of the population were immigrants from other parts of Former Yugoslavia and their descendants.[2] They have settled mainly in cities and suburbanised areas.[3] Relatively small but protected by the Constitution of Slovenia are the Hungarian and the Italian national community.[4][5][6] A special position is held by the autochthonous and geographically dispersed Roma ethnic community.[7][8]
Slovenia is among the European countries with the most pronounced ageing of population, ascribable to a low birth rate and increasing life expectancy.[9] Almost all Slovenian inhabitants older than 64 are retired, with no significant difference between the genders.[10] The working-age group is diminishing in spite of immigration.[11] The proposal to raise the retirement age from the current 57 for women and 58 for men was rejected in a referendum in 2011.[12] Also the difference among the genders regarding life expectancy is still significant.[10] In 2007, it was 74.6 years for men and 81.8 years for women.[13] In addition, in 2009, the suicide rate in Slovenia was 22 per 100,000 persons per year, which places Slovenia among the highest ranked European countries in this regard.[14]
Contents
Vital statistics [15]
Average population (x 1000) | Live births | Deaths | Natural change | Crude birth rate (per 1000) | Crude death rate (per 1000) | Natural change (per 1000) | Fertility rates | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1900 | 1 268 | 43 779 | 30 536 | 13 243 | 34.5 | 24.1 | 10.1 | |
1901 | 1 274 | 44 069 | 30 641 | 13 428 | 34.6 | 24.1 | 10.5 | |
1902 | 1 278 | 44 969 | 30 953 | 14 016 | 35.2 | 24.2 | 11.0 | |
1903 | 1 285 | 43 549 | 29 668 | 13 881 | 33.9 | 23.1 | 10.8 | |
1904 | 1 290 | 44 240 | 29 252 | 14 988 | 34.3 | 22.7 | 11.6 | |
1905 | 1 295 | 43 400 | 33 148 | 10 252 | 33.5 | 25.6 | 7.9 | |
1906 | 1 301 | 43 968 | 29 214 | 14 754 | 33.8 | 22.5 | 11.4 | |
1907 | 1 304 | 42 771 | 29 950 | 12 821 | 32.8 | 22.9 | 9.8 | |
1908 | 1 312 | 43 559 | 30 930 | 12 629 | 33.2 | 23.6 | 9.6 | |
1909 | 1 315 | 44 845 | 31 851 | 12 994 | 34.1 | 24.2 | 9.9 | |
1910 | 1 323 | 44 317 | 28 702 | 15 615 | 33.5 | 21.7 | 11.8 | |
1911 | 1 327 | 42 070 | 31 140 | 10 930 | 31.7 | 23.5 | 8.2 | |
1912 | 1 333 | 41 058 | 28 314 | 12 744 | 30.8 | 21.3 | 9.6 | |
1913 | 1 337 | 41 699 | 27 572 | 14 127 | 31.2 | 20.6 | 10.6 | |
1914 | 1 341 | 40 230 | 28 161 | 12 069 | 30.0 | 21.0 | 9.0 | |
1915 | 1 343 | 32 232 | 32 232 | 0 | 24.0 | 24.0 | 0.0 | |
1916 | 1 337 | 24 066 | 32 088 | -8 022 | 18.0 | 24.0 | -6.0 | |
1917 | 1 323 | 23 814 | 33 075 | -9 261 | 18.0 | 25.0 | -7.0 | |
1918 | 1 308 | 23 544 | 35 316 | -11 772 | 18.0 | 27.0 | -9.0 | |
1919 | 1 290 | 29 283 | 23 736 | 5 547 | 22.7 | 18.4 | 4.3 | |
1920 | 1 296 | 35 246 | 26 678 | 8 568 | 27.2 | 20.6 | 6.6 | |
1921 | 1 304 | 39 681 | 27 711 | 11 970 | 30.4 | 21.3 | 9.2 | |
1922 | 1 310 | 39 346 | 25 088 | 14 258 | 30.0 | 19.2 | 10.9 | |
1923 | 1 319 | 40 710 | 25 003 | 15 707 | 30.9 | 19.0 | 11.9 | |
1924 | 1 328 | 40 215 | 23 297 | 16 918 | 30.3 | 17.5 | 12.7 | |
1925 | 1 338 | 39 476 | 23 405 | 16 071 | 29.5 | 17.5 | 12.0 | |
1926 | 1 347 | 38 267 | 23 307 | 14 960 | 28.4 | 17.3 | 11.1 | |
1927 | 1 355 | 37 794 | 23 324 | 14 470 | 27.9 | 17.2 | 10.7 | |
1928 | 1 364 | 37 359 | 22 355 | 15 004 | 27.4 | 16.4 | 11.0 | |
1929 | 1 370 | 35 201 | 23 189 | 12 012 | 25.7 | 16.9 | 8.8 | |
1930 | 1 379 | 38 346 | 20 846 | 17 500 | 27.8 | 15.1 | 12.7 | |
1931 | 1 389 | 36 851 | 22 925 | 13 926 | 26.5 | 16.5 | 10.0 | |
1932 | 1 398 | 36 832 | 23 849 | 12 983 | 26.3 | 17.1 | 9.3 | |
1933 | 1 407 | 34 587 | 22 035 | 12 552 | 24.6 | 15.7 | 8.9 | |
1934 | 1 418 | 33 373 | 19 585 | 13 788 | 23.5 | 13.8 | 9.7 | |
1935 | 1 428 | 32 433 | 20 590 | 11 843 | 22.7 | 14.4 | 8.3 | |
1936 | 1 436 | 32 630 | 20 479 | 12 151 | 22.7 | 14.3 | 8.5 | |
1937 | 1 442 | 31 520 | 21 221 | 10 299 | 21.9 | 14.7 | 7.1 | |
1938 | 1 444 | 31 199 | 20 392 | 10 807 | 21.6 | 14.1 | 7.5 | |
1939 | 1 447 | 31 251 | 19 910 | 11 341 | 21.6 | 13.8 | 7.8 | |
1940 | 1 450 | 31 536 | 21 001 | 10 535 | 21.7 | 14.5 | 7.3 | |
1941 | 1 452 | 32 456 | 19 812 | 12 644 | 22.4 | 13.6 | 8.7 | |
1942 | 1 449 | 30 681 | 22 061 | 8 620 | 21.2 | 15.2 | 5.9 | |
1943 | 1 441 | 31 434 | 25 149 | 6 285 | 21.8 | 17.5 | 4.4 | |
1944 | 1 430 | 27 379 | 26 609 | 770 | 19.1 | 18.6 | 0.5 | |
1945 | 1 416 | 20 239 | 28 572 | -8 333 | 14.3 | 20.2 | -5.9 | |
1946 | 1 415 | 28 599 | 18 145 | 10 454 | 20.2 | 12.8 | 7.4 | |
1947 | 1 429 | 31 312 | 18 708 | 12 604 | 21.9 | 13.1 | 8.8 | |
1948 | 1 443 | 31 538 | 17 884 | 13 654 | 21.9 | 12.4 | 9.5 | |
1949 | 1 454 | 33 284 | 18 838 | 14 446 | 22.9 | 13.0 | 9.9 | |
1950 | 1 467 | 35 992 | 17 335 | 18 657 | 24.5 | 11.8 | 12.7 | 3.01 |
1951 | 1 480 | 34 819 | 18 497 | 16 322 | 23.5 | 12.5 | 11.0 | 2.83 |
1952 | 1 494 | 34 165 | 15 617 | 18 548 | 22.9 | 10.5 | 12.4 | 2.75 |
1953 | 1 508 | 33 754 | 14 948 | 18 806 | 22.4 | 9.9 | 12.5 | 2.81 |
1954 | 1 521 | 31 828 | 14 897 | 16 931 | 20.9 | 9.8 | 11.1 | 2.59 |
1955 | 1 534 | 32 096 | 15 109 | 16 987 | 20.9 | 9.8 | 11.1 | 2.58 |
1956 | 1 546 | 31 466 | 16 351 | 15 115 | 20.4 | 10.6 | 9.8 | 2.51 |
1957 | 1 556 | 30 086 | 14 545 | 15 541 | 19.3 | 9.3 | 10.0 | 2.38 |
1958 | 1 567 | 28 284 | 14 082 | 14 202 | 18.0 | 9.0 | 9.1 | 2.22 |
1959 | 1 576 | 28 429 | 15 357 | 13 072 | 18.0 | 9.7 | 8.3 | 2.23 |
1960 | 1 580 | 27 825 | 15 145 | 12 680 | 17.6 | 9.6 | 8.0 | 2.18 |
1961 | 1 595 | 28 955 | 14 013 | 14 942 | 18.2 | 8.8 | 9.4 | 2.26 |
1962 | 1 605 | 29 035 | 15 866 | 13 169 | 18.1 | 9.9 | 8.2 | 2.27 |
1963 | 1 614 | 29 174 | 15 102 | 14 072 | 18.1 | 9.4 | 8.7 | 2.28 |
1964 | 1 631 | 29 184 | 16 729 | 12 455 | 17.9 | 10.3 | 7.6 | 2.32 |
1965 | 1 650 | 30 587 | 15 987 | 14 600 | 18.5 | 9.7 | 8.8 | 2.45 |
1966 | 1 670 | 30 941 | 15 248 | 15 693 | 18.5 | 9.1 | 9.4 | 2.47 |
1967 | 1 690 | 29 824 | 16 353 | 13 471 | 17.6 | 9.7 | 8.0 | 2.38 |
1968 | 1 704 | 28 580 | 17 446 | 11 134 | 16.8 | 10.2 | 6.5 | 2.28 |
1969 | 1 714 | 27 883 | 18 564 | 9 319 | 16.3 | 10.8 | 5.4 | 2.17 |
1970 | 1 727 | 27 432 | 17 353 | 10 078 | 15.9 | 10.0 | 5.8 | 2.21 |
1971 | 1 738 | 28 278 | 17 425 | 10 853 | 16.3 | 10.0 | 6.2 | 2.16 |
1972 | 1 752 | 28 713 | 18 153 | 10 560 | 16.4 | 10.4 | 6.0 | 2.14 |
1973 | 1 766 | 29 548 | 17 614 | 11 934 | 16.7 | 10.0 | 6.8 | 2.18 |
1974 | 1 782 | 28 625 | 17 206 | 11 419 | 16.1 | 9.7 | 6.4 | 2.10 |
1975 | 1 800 | 29 786 | 18 180 | 11 606 | 16.5 | 10.1 | 6.4 | 2.16 |
1976 | 1 819 | 30 339 | 18 157 | 12 182 | 16.7 | 10.0 | 6.7 | 2.17 |
1977 | 1 839 | 29 904 | 17 633 | 12 271 | 16.3 | 9.6 | 6.7 | 2.16 |
1978 | 1 863 | 30 354 | 18 357 | 11 997 | 16.3 | 9.9 | 6.4 | 2.19 |
1979 | 1 882 | 30 604 | 18 148 | 12 456 | 16.3 | 9.6 | 6.6 | 2.22 |
1980 | 1 901 | 29 902 | 18 820 | 11 082 | 15.7 | 9.9 | 5.8 | 2.11 |
1981 | 1 917 | 29 220 | 18 733 | 10 487 | 15.2 | 9.8 | 5.5 | 1.96 |
1982 | 1 925 | 28 894 | 19 647 | 9 247 | 15.0 | 10.2 | 4.8 | 1.93 |
1983 | 1 933 | 27 200 | 20 703 | 6 497 | 14.1 | 10.7 | 3.4 | 1.82 |
1984 | 1 943 | 26 274 | 20 214 | 6 060 | 13.5 | 10.4 | 3.1 | 1.75 |
1985 | 1 973 | 25 933 | 19 854 | 6 079 | 13.1 | 10.1 | 3.1 | 1.72 |
1986 | 1 981 | 25 570 | 19 499 | 6 071 | 12.9 | 9.8 | 3.1 | 1.65 |
1987 | 1 989 | 25 592 | 19 837 | 5 755 | 12.9 | 10.0 | 2.9 | 1.64 |
1988 | 2 000 | 25 209 | 19 126 | 6 083 | 12.6 | 9.6 | 3.0 | 1.63 |
1989 | 1 999 | 23 447 | 18 669 | 4 778 | 11.7 | 9.3 | 2.4 | 1.52 |
1990 | 1 998 | 22 368 | 18 555 | 3 813 | 11.2 | 9.3 | 1.9 | 1.46 |
1991 | 2 002 | 21 583 | 19 324 | 2 259 | 10.8 | 9.7 | 1.1 | 1.42 |
1992 | 1 996 | 19 982 | 19 333 | 649 | 10.0 | 9.7 | 0.3 | 1.34 |
1993 | 1 991 | 19 793 | 20 012 | -219 | 9.9 | 10.1 | -0.1 | 1.33 |
1994 | 1 989 | 19 463 | 19 359 | 104 | 9.8 | 9.7 | 0.1 | 1.32 |
1995 | 1 988 | 18 980 | 18 968 | 12 | 9.5 | 9.5 | 0.0 | 1.29 |
1996 | 1 991 | 18 788 | 18 620 | 168 | 9.4 | 9.4 | 0.1 | 1.28 |
1997 | 1 987 | 18 165 | 18 928 | -763 | 9.1 | 9.5 | -0.4 | 1.25 |
1998 | 1 983 | 17 856 | 19 039 | -1 183 | 9.0 | 9.6 | -0.6 | 1.23 |
1999 | 1 986 | 17 533 | 18 885 | -1 352 | 8.8 | 9.5 | -0.7 | 1.21 |
2000 | 1 990 | 18 180 | 18 588 | -408 | 9.1 | 9.3 | -0.2 | 1.26 |
2001 | 1 992 | 17 477 | 18 508 | -1 031 | 8.8 | 9.3 | -0.5 | 1.21 |
2002 | 1 996 | 17 501 | 18 701 | -1 200 | 8.8 | 9.4 | -0.6 | 1.21 |
2003 | 1 996 | 17 321 | 19 451 | -2 130 | 8.7 | 9.7 | -1.1 | 1.20 |
2004 | 1 997 | 17 961 | 18 523 | -562 | 9.0 | 9.3 | -0.3 | 1.25 |
2005 | 2 001 | 18 157 | 18 825 | -668 | 9.1 | 9.4 | -0.3 | 1.26 |
2006 | 2 007 | 18 932 | 18 180 | 752 | 9.4 | 9.1 | 0.4 | 1.31 |
2007 | 2 018 | 19 823 | 18 584 | 1 239 | 9.8 | 9.2 | 0.6 | 1.38 |
2008 | 2 029 | 21 817 | 18 308 | 3 509 | 10.8 | 9.0 | 1.7 | 1.53 |
2009 | 2 039 | 21 856 | 18 750 | 3 106 | 10.7 | 9.2 | 1.5 | 1.53 |
2010 | 2 050 | 22 343 | 18 609 | 3 734 | 10.9 | 9.1 | 1.8 | 1.57 |
2011 | 2 054 | 21 947 | 18 799 | 3 248 | 10.7 | 9.2 | 1.6 | 1.56 |
2012 | 2 058 | 21 938 | 19 257 | 2 681 | 10.7 | 9.4 | 1.3 | 1.58 |
2013 | 2 060 | 21 111 | 19 245 | 1 866 | 10.3 | 9.4 | 0.9 | 1.55 |
2014 | 2 062 | 21 165 | 18 886 | 2 279 | 10.3 | 9.1 | 1.2 | 1.58 |
2015 | 2 063 | 20 724 | ~19 500 | ~1 200 | 10.1 | ~9.5 | ~0.6 | 1.61 |
Ethnic groups
The majority of Slovenia's population is Slovene (83.06%). Hungarians and Italians have the status of indigenous minorities under the Constitution of Slovenia, which guarantees them seats in the National Assembly. Most other minority groups, particularly those from other parts of the former Yugoslavia (except for one part of autochthonous community of Serbs and Croats), relocated after World War II for economic reasons.
Around 12.4% of the inhabitants of Slovenia were born abroad.[16] According to data from 2008, there were around 100,000 non-EU citizens living in Slovenia, or around 5% of the overall population of the country.[17] The highest number came from Bosnia-Hercegovina, followed by immigrants from Serbia, Macedonia, Croatia and Kosovo. The number of people migrating to Slovenia has been steadily rising from 1995;[18] and has been increasing rapidly in recent years. Since Slovenia joined the EU in 2004, the yearly inflow of immigrants has doubled by 2006 and tripled by 2009.[19] In 2007, Slovenia was one of the countries with the fastest growth of net migration rate in the European Union.[18]
Ethnic group |
census 1948 | census 1953 | census 1961 | census 1971 | census 1981 | census 1991 | census 2002 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | |
Slovenes | 1,350,149 | 97.0 | 1,415,448 | 96.5 | 1,522,248 | 95.6 | 1,578,963 | 94.0 | 1,668,623 | 90.8 | 1,689,657 | 88.3 | 1,631,363 | 83.1 |
Serbs | 7,048 | 0.5 | 11,225 | 0.8 | 13,609 | 0.9 | 20,209 | 1.2 | 41,695 | 2.3 | 47,401 | 2.5 | 38,964 | 2.0 |
Croats | 16,069 | 1.2 | 17,978 | 1.2 | 31,429 | 2.0 | 41,556 | 2.5 | 53,882 | 2.9 | 52,876 | 2.8 | 35,642 | 1.8 |
Muslims | 179 | 0.0 | 1,617 | 0.1 | 465 | 0.0 | 3,197 | 0.2 | 13,339 | 0.7 | 26,577 | 1.4 | 10,467 | 0.5 |
Bosniaks | 21,542 | 1.1 | ||||||||||||
Hungarians | 10,579 | 0.8 | 11,019 | 0.8 | 10,498 | 0.7 | 8,943 | 0.5 | 8,777 | 0.5 | 8,000 | 0.4 | 6,243 | 0.3 |
Albanians | 216 | 0.0 | 169 | 0.0 | 282 | 0.0 | 1,266 | 0.1 | 1,933 | 0.1 | 3,534 | 0.2 | 6,186 | 0.3 |
Macedonians | 366 | 0.0 | 640 | 0.0 | 1,009 | 0.1 | 1,572 | 0.1 | 3,227 | 0.2 | 4,371 | 0.2 | 3,972 | 0.2 |
Romani | 46 | 0.0 | 1,663 | 0.1 | 158 | 0.0 | 951 | 0.1 | 1,393 | 0.1 | 2,259 | 0.1 | 3,246 | 0.2 |
Montenegrins | 521 | 0.0 | 1,356 | 0.1 | 1,384 | 0.1 | 1,950 | 0.1 | 3,175 | 0.2 | 4,339 | 0.2 | 2,667 | 0.1 |
Italians | 1,458 | 0.1 | 854 | 0.1 | 3,072 | 0.2 | 2,987 | 0.2 | 2,138 | 0.1 | 2,959 | 0.2 | 2,258 | 0.1 |
Others/undeclared | 5.242 | 0.4 | 4,456 | 0.3 | 7,369 | 0.5 | 19,212 | 1.1 | 40,199 | 2.2 | 79,374 | 4.1 | 201,486 | 10.3 |
Total | 1,391,873 | 1,466,425 | 1,591,523 | 1,679,051 | 1,838,381 | 1,913,355 | 1,964,036 | |||||||
1 Source: [1]. |
Religion
Traditionally, Slovenes are predominantly Roman Catholic. Before World War II, 97% of Slovenes declared as Roman Catholics, around 2.5% were Lutheran, and only around 0.5% belonged to other denominations. Catholicism was an important feature of both social and political life in pre-Communist Slovenia. After 1945, the country underwent a process of gradual but steady secularization. After a decade of severe persecution of religions, the Communist regime adopted a policy of relative tolerance towards the churches, but limited their social functioning. After 1990, the Roman Catholic Church regained some of its former influence, but Slovenia remains a largely secularized society. According to the 2002 census, 57.8% of the population is Roman Catholic. As elsewhere in Europe, affiliation with Roman Catholicism is dropping: in 1991, 71.6% were self-declared Catholics, which means a drop of more than 1% annually.[20] The vast majority of Slovenian Catholics belong to the Latin Rite. A small number of Greek Catholics live in the White Carniola region.[21]
Despite a relatively small number of Protestants (less than 1% in 2002), the Protestant legacy is important because of its historical significance, since the bases of Slovene standard language and Slovene literature were established by the Protestant Reformation in the 16th century. Nowadays, a significant Lutheran minority lives in the easternmost region of Prekmurje, where they represent around a fifth of the population and are headed by a bishop with the seat in Murska Sobota.[22]
Besides these two Christian denominations, a small Jewish community has also been historically present. Despite the losses suffered during the Holocaust, Judaism still numbers a few hundred adherents, mostly living in Ljubljana, site of the sole remaining active synagogue in the country.[23]
According to the 2002 census, Islam is the second largest religious denomination with around 2.4% of the population. Most Slovenian Muslims came from Bosnia, Kosovo, and Macedonia.[24] The third largest denomination, with around 2.2% of the population, is Orthodox Christianity, with most adherents belonging to the Serbian Orthodox Church while a minority belongs to the Macedonian and other Orthodox churches.
In the 2002, around 10% of Slovenes declared themselves as atheists, another 10% professed no specific denomination, and around 16% decided not answer the question about their religious affiliation. According to the Eurobarometer Poll 2005,[25] 37% of Slovenian citizens responded that "they believe there is a god", whereas 46% answered that "they believe there is some sort of spirit or life force" and 16% that "they do not believe there is any sort of spirit, god, or life force".
The distribution of the residents of Slovenia by religion is the following: Roman Catholic 57.8%, atheist 10.1%, Muslim 2.4%, Orthodox Christian 2.3%, Protestant 0.9%, other and unknown 26.5% (2002).
Language
The official language in Slovenia is Slovene, which is a member of the South Slavic language group. In 2002, Slovene was the native language of around 88% of Slovenia's population according to the census, with more than 92% of the Slovenian population speaking it in their home environment.[26][27] This places Slovenia among the most homogeneous countries in the EU in terms of the share of speakers of predominant mother tongue.[28] Slovene is sometimes characterized as the most diverse Slavic language in terms of dialects,[29] with different degrees of mutual intelligibility.[citation needed] Accounts of the number of dialects range from as few as seven[30][31][32] dialects, often considered dialect groups or dialect bases that are further subdivided into as many as 50 dialects.[33] Other sources characterize the number of dialects as nine[34] or eight.[35]
The distribution of speakers by language is the following: Slovene 87.7%, Serbian, Bosnian and Croatian 8%, Hungarian 0.4%, Albanian 0.4%, Macedonian 0.2%, Romani 0.2%, Italian 0.2%, German 0.1%, other 0.1% (Russian, Czech, Ukrainian, English, Slovak, Polish, Romanian, Turkish, French, Bulgarian, Arabic, Spanish, Dutch, Vlach, Rusyn, Greek, Swedish, Danish or Armenian), unknown 2.7% (2002)
CIA World Factbook demographic statistics
The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.
Population
1,996,617 (July 2012 est.)
Age structure
0–14 years: 13.4% (male 138,604/female 130,337)
15–64 years: 69.8% (male 703,374/female 692,640)
65 years and over: 16.8% (male 132,096/female 203,068) (2011 est.)
Median age
- total: 42.8 years
- male: 41.1 years
- female: 44.5 years (2012 est.)
Urbanization
- urban population: 50% of total population (2012 est.)
- rate of urbanization: 0.2% annual rate of change (2010-2015 est.)
Sex ratio
at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
15–64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.66 male(s)/female
total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2011 est.)
Infant mortality rate
4.12 deaths/1,000 live births (2010)
Life expectancy at birth
total population: 80 years
male: 77 years
female: 83 years (2013 est)
See also
References
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- ^ Medvešek, Mojca (2007). "Kdo so priseljenci z območja nekdanje Jugoslavije" [Who Are the Immigrants from the Area of Former Yugoslavia] (PDF). Razprave in gradivo (in Slovenian) (53–54) (Institute for Ethnic Studies). p. 34.
- ^ Repolusk, Peter (2006). "Narodnostno neopredeljeno prebivalstvo ob popisih 1991 in 2002 v Sloveniji" [Ethnically Undeclared Population in Slovenian Population Censuses 1991 and 2002] (PDF). Dela (in Slovenian and English) 25 (Anton Melik Geographical Institute). pp. 87–96.
- ^ "International Mother Language Day 2010". Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia. 19 February 2010. Retrieved 29 January 2011.
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- ^ Šabec, Ksenija (2009). Poročilo: Italijanska narodna skupnost v Slovenski Istri [Report: The Italian National Community in the Slovenian Istria] (PDF) (in Slovenian). Center for Cultural and Religious Studies, University of Ljubljana. p. 7. Retrieved 1 February 2011.
- ^ Gajšek, Nina (2004). Pravice romske skupnosti v Republiki Sloveniji [Rights of the Roma Community in the Republic of Slovenia] (PDF) (in Slovenian). Faculty of Social Science, University of Ljubljana.
- ^ Zupančič, Jernej (2007). "Romska naselja kot poseben del naselbinskega sistema v Sloveniji" [Roma Settlements as a Specific Part Of Settlement System in Slovenia] (PDF). Dela (in Slovenian and English) 27 (Institute of Geography). pp. 215–246.
- ^ Zupanič, Milena (20 June 2011). "Demografski preobrat: tiha revolucija med nami" [The Demographic Overturn: The Silent Revolution Among Us]. Delo.si (in Slovenian) (Delo, d. d.). ISSN 1854-6544.
- ^ a b Hlebec, Valentina; Šircelj, Milivoja (September 2011). "Population Ageing in Slovenia and Social Support Networks of Older People". In Hoff, Andreas. Population Ageing in Central and Eastern Europe: Societal and Policy Implications. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. pp. 118–119. ISBN 978-0-7546-7828-1.
- ^ "Strong Growth but an Ageing Workforce". Slovenia. OECD Publishing. July 2009. p. 34. ISBN 978-92-64-06894-0.
- ^ Naidu-Ghelani, Rajeshni (23 January 2012). "Countries with Aging Populations". Cnbc.com (CNBC LLC).
- ^ Complete life table for the population of Slovenia, 2007, Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia, 2009.
- ^ "World Suicide Prevention Day 2010". Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia. September 2010.
- ^ Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia
- ^ Vsak osmi prebivalec Slovenije priseljenec :: Prvi interaktivni multimedijski portal, MMC RTV Slovenija. Rtvslo.si. Retrieved on 26 December 2010.
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- ^ a b Statistični urad RS – Selitveno gibanje, Slovenija, 2007. Stat.si. Retrieved on 26 December 2010.
- ^ http://www.stat.si/pxweb/Database/Dem_soc/05_prebivalstvo/20_selitve/01_05563_meddrzavne_selitve/01_05563_meddrzavne_selitve.asp
- ^ Source: Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia, Census of Population, Households and Housing, 2002
- ^ Uskoška dediščina Bele krajine na RTVS|Ljudje|Lokalno aktualno. Lokalno.si. Retrieved on 26 December 2010.
- ^ Predstavitev. Evang-cerkev.si. Retrieved on 26 December 2010.
- ^ https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/vjw/slovenia.html
- ^ http://www.islamska-skupnost.si/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1&Itemid=2
- ^ "Eurobarometer on Social Values, Science and technology 2005 – page 11" (PDF). Retrieved 5 May 2007.
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- ^ "Linguist Says Slovenian Language Not Endangered". Slovenian Press Agency. 21 February 2010.
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- ^ McDonald, Gordon C. 1979. Yugoslavia: A Country Study. Washington, DC: American University, p. 93
- ^ Greenberg, Marc L. 2009. "Slovene." In Keith Brown & Sarah Ogilvie (eds.), Concise Encyclopedia of Languages of the World, pp. 981–984. Oxford: Elsevier, p. 981.
- ^ Brown, E. K. & Anne Anderson. 2006. Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics: Sca-Spe. Oxford: Elsevier, p. 424
- ^ Sussex, Roland, & Paul V. Cubberley. 2006. The Slavic languages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p. 502.
- ^ Sławski, Franciszek. 1962. Zarys dialektologii południowosłowiańskiej. Warsaw: PAN.
- ^ Priestly, Tom M. S. 1993. "On 'Drift' in Indo-European Gender Systems.' Journal of Indo-European Studies 11: 339–363.
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