West Flemish | |
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West-Vlaams | |
West-Vlams, West-Vloams | |
Native to | Belgium, Netherlands, France |
Region | West Flanders |
Native speakers
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1.4 million (1998)[1] |
Indo-European
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Dialects | |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | Either: vls – (West) Vlaams zea – Zealandic (Zeeuws) |
Glottolog | vlaa1240 (Vlaams / West Vlaams)[2]zeeu1238 (Zeeuws)[3] |
Linguasphere | 52-ACB-ag |
West Flemish (Dutch: West-Vlaams, French: flamand occidental) is a dialect of the Dutch language spoken in western Belgium and adjoining parts of the Netherlands and France.[4]
West Flemish is spoken by about a million people in the Belgian province of West Flanders, and a further 120,000 in the neighbouring Dutch coastal district of Zeelandic Flanders (and another 220,000 if Zealandic is included), and 10,000 in the northern part of the French département of Nord.[1] Some of the main cities where West Flemish is widely spoken are Bruges, Kortrijk, Ostend, Roeselare, and Ypres. The dialects of the rest of the Dutch province of Zeeland, Zeelandic, are often included in West Flemish; these are part of a dialect continuum which proceeds further north into Hollandic.
West Flemish is listed as a "vulnerable" language in UNESCO's online Red Book of Endangered Languages.[5]
This article is a part of a series on |
Dutch |
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Dutch Low Saxon dialects |
West Low Franconian dialects |
East Low Franconian dialects |
Phonology
West Flemish phonology differs a lot from the standard Dutch phonology.
- The (pre-)velar fricatives /x, ɣ/ are realised as glottal [h, ɦ].
- /ɛi/ is realised as [ɨ].
- /œy/ is realised as [ʉ].
- /ʌu/ is realised as [ɯ].
- /ɛ/ is realised as [æ].
See also
- Dutch dialects
- Flemish people (Flemings or Vlamingen)
- French Flemish
- Hebban olla vogala
- Westhoek
References
- ^ a b (West) Vlaams at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
Zealandic (Zeeuws) at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) - ^ Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). "Vlaams / West Vlaams". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
- ^ Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). "Zeeuws". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
- ^ RL Trask, "Number of Languages", in Language and Linguistics: The Key Concepts, 2nd ed. 2007
- ^ UNESCO.org Archived November 12, 2014, at the Wayback Machine.
Further reading
- Debrabandere, Frans (1999), "Kortrijk", in Kruijsen, Joep; van der Sijs, Nicoline, Honderd Jaar Stadstaal (PDF), Uitgeverij Contact, pp. 289–299
External links
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