This template sets up a {{taxobox}}, as a right-side infobox table setting out the biological classification (taxonomy) for a group of living things, with a choice of over 160 parameters. Although the implementation is complicated, it is relatively simple to use. For an example in practice, look at the edit page of "Killer whale" – . Most parameters are optional, so if a particular entry is not relevant for your case, just leave it out. See below section "All parameters" for a complete list.
This guide has come out of WikiProject Tree of life.
Contents
- 1 Usage
- 2 Quick start and examples
- 3 Parameters
- 4 Italic page titles
- 5 Complete blank template
- 6 All parameters
- 7 Articles lacking taxoboxes
- 8 Microformat
- 9 Template Data
- 10 Supporting templates
- 11 Tracking/maintenance categories
- 12 See also
- 13 Notes
Usage
Note that parameters in this template are case-sensitive.
{{Taxobox | name = | image = | image width = | image alt = | image caption = | image2 = | image2 width = | image2 alt = | image2 caption = | regnum = [[Plant]]ae (or...) | divisio = | classis = | ordo = | familia = | genus = | species = | binomial = | binomial authority = | range map = <!--optional map - also range map2, 3 or 4 --> | range map width = | range map alt = | range map caption = | <!--or 115 other parameters--> }}
Colors are automatically assigned based on the table below.
Animalia | rgb(235,235,210) |
---|---|
Archaeplastida | rgb(180,250,180) |
Fungi | rgb(145,250,250) |
Chromalveolata | rgb(200,250,80) |
Choanozoa | rgb(238,235,195) |
Rhizaria | rgb(240,230,240) |
Excavata | rgb(250,250,100) |
Amoebozoa | rgb(170,250,205) |
Bacteria | rgb(220,235,245) |
Archaea | rgb(195,245,250) |
Viruses | rgb(250,250,190) |
incertae sedis | rgb(250,240,230) |
Colours not produced by this template: | |
Ichnotaxa | rgb(215,240,210) |
Ootaxa | rgb(250,250,220) |
Quick start and examples
Animals
Animal species
Asian golden cat | |
---|---|
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Mammalia |
Order: | Carnivora |
Family: | Felidae |
Genus: | Catopuma |
Species: | C. temminckii |
Binomial name | |
Catopuma temminckii (Vigors & Horsfield, 1827) |
{{Taxobox | name = | image = | image alt = | image caption = | regnum = [[Animal]]ia | phylum = | classis = | ordo = | familia = | genus = | species = | binomial = | binomial authority = }}
Animal higher taxon
Rorquals | |
---|---|
Humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Mammalia |
Order: | Cetacea |
Suborder: | Mysticeti |
Family: | Balaenopteridae Gray, 1864 |
Genera | |
{{Taxobox | regnum = [[Animal]]ia | phylum = | classis = | ordo = | familia = | genus = | genus authority = | subdivision ranks = | subdivision = }}
Plants
The majority of plants are angiosperms ("flowering plants"). Wikipedia:WikiProject Plants consensus is to use the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group's APG III classification system for angiosperms. The APG III system does not have formally named divisions or classes, but includes several hierarchically nested, informally named clades. The hierarchy of informally named clades is presented by using parameters such as |unranked divisio=
in place of formal rank parameters. Articles on non-flowering plants (e.g. conifers, ferns) should continue to use formal divisions and classes in the Taxobox.
Flowering plant species
Magnolia virginiana | |
---|---|
Magnolia virginiana | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
(unranked): | Angiosperms |
(unranked): | Magnoliids |
Order: | Magnoliales |
Family: | Magnoliaceae |
Genus: | Magnolia |
Species: | M. virginiana |
Binomial name | |
Magnolia virginiana L. |
{{Taxobox | name = | image = | image alt = | image caption = | regnum = [[Plant]]ae | unranked divisio = [[Angiosperms]] | unranked classis = | unranked ordo = | ordo = | familia = | genus = | species = | binomial = | binomial authority = }}
Flowering plant higher taxon
Oaks | |
---|---|
Foliage and acorns of the pedunculate oak, Quercus robur | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
(unranked): | Angiosperms |
(unranked): | Eudicots |
(unranked): | Rosids |
Order: | Fagales |
Family: | Fagaceae |
Genus: | Quercus L. |
Species | |
{{Taxobox | image = | image alt = | image caption = | regnum = [[Plant]]ae | unranked divisio = [[Angiosperms]] | unranked classis = | unranked ordo = | ordo = | familia = | genus = | genus authority = | subdivision ranks = | subdivision = }}
Parameters
Name
Provided under this parameter should be the single most common vernacular name when one is in widespread use, or a single current scientific name otherwise.
- Common names of higher taxa are always given in sentence case (rather than title case) and in the plural (e.g. marine hatchetfishes).
- Common names of species and subspecies are also to be given in sentence case but in the singular (e.g. black crowned crane, Colorado potato beetle).
The name parameter should not be used to incorporate more than one name. It is only a header and not meant to be an inclusive "names" field. One will suffice. Please assess the relevant literature in deciding which.
Color
The color is automatically assigned based on the entry for |regnum=
, |virus group=
. |unranked phylum=
or |phylum=
, in that order; there is no need to specify it manually. If you do, be sure to use rgb or hsl format; see examples below.
Animalia | rgb(235,235,210) |
---|---|
Archaeplastida | rgb(180,250,180) |
Fungi | rgb(145,250,250) |
Chromalveolata | rgb(200,250,80) |
Choanozoa | rgb(238,235,195) |
Rhizaria | rgb(240,230,240) |
Excavata | rgb(250,250,100) |
Amoebozoa | rgb(170,250,205) |
Bacteria | rgb(220,235,245) |
Archaea | rgb(195,245,250) |
Viruses | rgb(250,250,190) |
incertae sedis | rgb(250,240,230) |
Colours not produced by this template: | |
Ichnotaxa | rgb(215,240,210) |
Ootaxa | rgb(250,250,220) |
The eukaryote box uses the color "rgb(224, 208, 176)", but since it is split completely into kingdoms other eukaryote groups should not.
Classification
As noted above, the classification section includes some or all of the following:
| regnum = | phylum = | classis = | ordo = | familia = | genus = | species =
Each entry corresponds to a containing group, except for the last, which should be the group under consideration. Note the entries use the Latin names for the ranks, to make porting between Wikipedias easier. Thus the above correspond to the kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species.
Red wood ant | |
---|---|
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Arthropoda |
Class: | Insecta |
Order: | Hymenoptera |
Family: | Formicidae |
Subfamily: | Formicinae |
Tribe: | Formicini |
Genus: | Formica |
Species: | F. rufa |
Binomial name | |
Formica rufa Linnaeus, 1761 |
Taxoboxes should include all major ranks above the taxon described in the article, plus minor ranks that are important to understanding the classification of the taxon described in the article, or which are discussed in the article. Other minor ranks should be omitted.
For example, in the taxobox for the genus Formica, it's appropriate to include entries for tribe and subfamily, since those are an aid to understanding how Formica relates to other genera in the family Formicidae. But it wouldn't be appropriate to include the superorder Endopterygota, since all genera of ants are in that superorder; it isn't particularly interesting at this level.
Another example is the subfamily Bambusoideae, the bamboos. This subfamily probably should be mentioned in the taxobox of every bamboo species, since it is a major grouping in this context, despite its minor rank.
Minor ranks are included in the same way as major ranks, for example:
| classis = ... | subclassis = ... | superordo = ... | ordo = ...
Note that species and subspecies should be given using the abbreviated forms of their name — e.g. H. sapiens, H. s. sapiens. The epithets should not be given by themselves. The full form of the species or subspecies name is given in the binomial or trinomial section.
See #All parameters for a complete list.
Classification status
With the |classification status=
parameter, it is possible to introduce extra text within parentheses after "Scientific classification". For example, |classification status=disputed
will produce "Scientific classification (disputed)". See Veratalpa for a current example where this parameter is used. This parameter should only be used when the "Scientific classification" text would be misleading without it.
Divisions and sections
These ranks have different meanings in zoology and botany.
In botany:
- Use divisio for division (a rank above class and below kingdom)
- Use sectio for section (a rank above species and below genus)
Note: Certain very large genera, e.g. Rhododendron include subsections
In zoology:
- Use zoodivisio for division (a rank above family and below order)
- Use zoosectio for section (a rank above family and below order)
Unranked taxa
For each major taxon from family to phylum, you can add an unranked entry to the taxobox. The entry unranked X appears above rank X, for example unranked superfamilia appears above family and superfamily and below order, suborder, infraorder, etc.:
| ordo = | unranked superfamilia = | familia =
For animals and non-flowering plants, use unranked taxa sparingly. The need to include unranked taxa generally indicates that you are following phylogenetic nomenclature. It is usually better to abbreviate the classification to the major ranks and then discuss the classification in more detail in the article.
Unranked taxa of flowering plants
Flowering plants (angiosperms) make frequent use of unranked taxa. The APG III system of classification used for flowering plants on Wikipedia does not have formally named ranks above order - e.g. divisions, classes, subclasses - but includes several hierarchically nested, informally named and unranked clades. For flowering plants the taxobox should include |unranked divisio=Angiosperms
in place of |divisio=
, |unranked classis=
in place of |classis=
, and possibly also |unranked subclassis=
in place of |subclassis=
. Flowering plant taxoboxes may often include three to four informal hierarchical groups above the rank of order, making the use of |unranked ordo=
necessary, which sorts itself just above |ordo=
where a formally named order is displayed. The unranked parameters only include ranks in their parameter names, such as "unranked divisio" to allow the editor to place content hierarchically; no approximation of rank is intended by the use of these parameter names. For flowering plant articles using the APG III system of classification, the regular parameters including |divisio=
, |classis=
, and |subclassis=
should not be used or it will display between these unranked APG III clades.
To comply with #Classification above and its advice on the inclusion of major ranks, the following are considered major ranks in APG III and currently included in the appropriate flowering plant taxoboxes:
- Angiosperms
- Magnoliids
- Monocots
- Eudicots
- Core eudicots (displayed as a major rank when the plant is not included further nested in rosids or asterids)
Note: The rosids contain two clades, the fabids (also known as eurosids I) and malvids (also known as eurosids II), and the asterids contain two further clades, the lamiids (euasterids I) and campanulids (euasterids II). These are considered to be minor ranks and are only to be displayed on the articles on orders or families they immediately contain.
A taxobox for a flowering plant will thus generally include the following parameters:
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae | unranked divisio = [[Angiosperms]] | unranked classis = | unranked ordo = | ordo =
Viruses
Viruses follow a slightly different system. They are not placed in taxa above the rank of order, and instead are treated in seven groups based on the type of nucleic acid they contain, referred to by the Roman numerals I to VII. These can be included in the taxobox using the |virus group=
parameter. This also changes the link from scientific to virus classification, so it should not appear on boxes for non-viruses, even if it is left blank.
| virus group = IV
Bold/italic markup
Italicization must be done manually in all parameters. If the entry for genus or species (with manually added italics) matches the page title,[note 1] then the name of the taxobox and the title of the page will be italicized. Note that if the |name=
parameter is used the page title will not be automatically italicized. The taxobox's name will be set to exactly what is specified in |name=
– italics must be specified manually in this case.
Genus, species, and subspecies should be italicized whenever used, as is the biological standard. For instance, we talk about the genus Homo, the species Homo sapiens, and the subspecies Homo sapiens sapiens.
- In botany, it is important to include the rank for taxa below species. The rank is not italicized, e.g. Genus species subsp. subspecies var. variety.
- Some bacteria that have been characterized but not formally named are given Candidatus names. These should be written in the form Candidatus Genus species, rather than italicized normally.
Higher taxa like families may or may not be italicized in different publications. The prevalent standard for Wikipedia is not to italicize them, except in the case of viruses and other infectious particles.
Bolding is used to indicate the subject of the article. The |name=
, |binomial=
, and |trinomial=
parameters bold automatically. In the placement section – |regnum=
through |species=
– the final taxon should be bolded, as well as any higher groups that only include the final taxon. See green sulfur bacteria for an example.
Subdivisions
Nettle | |
---|---|
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
(unranked): | Angiosperms |
(unranked): | Eudicots |
(unranked): | Rosids |
Order: | Rosales |
Family: | Urticaceae |
Genus: | Urtica L. |
Species | |
|
Groups above the rank of species (and even species if there are several notable subspecies) should usually include a list of subgroups. Use the |subdivision=
parameter for the list. The list can be formatted using a number of templates, such as the specialized {{linked taxon list}} and {{linked species list}}, which deal with authorities as well (see the documentation at Template:Taxon list for variant templates), or using a general list template such as {{columns-list}}. Use the |subdivision ranks=
parameter to say what rank the subgroups have. For instance, for families in an order:
| subdivision ranks = Families | subdivision = {{linked taxon list |Family1|Authority1 |Family2|Authority2 |Family3|Authority3 }}
For lists with more than a few subgroups, the list can be bracketed with {{div col}} and {{div col end}}, which will split the list into two columns (see Nettle example at right). In cases where a list would make the taxobox too long, or where the classification is too variable to allow a brief summary, the list should be replaced with a comment like "See text" or the subdivision section should be omitted. As a rule of thumb, when there are more than 100 subgroups the list should be in a separate article.
In cases where the classification is variable, a description like "Typical orders" or "Notable orders" may be used.
In cases where the ranks are uncertain, a description like "Subgroups" or "Taxa" may be preferable. Sometimes it is convenient to represent more than one level of classification in the list. In that case the lower level groups are moved over to the right by prefixing them with characters – usually three for the first level of indentation, and then one to three more for each subsequent level. Major grades may also be represented by bolded headers, as on plant and heterokont. Remember, though, these should mainly be done when the intermediate rank subgroups are not worthy of separate articles; taxoboxes are too small to include too much duplicate information.
Conservation status
Conservation status may optionally be included; you can search the IUCN's database of threatened species to find the conservation status of many organisms. It is included via the |status=
parameter, which takes a code or template. It is not appropriate for prehistoric organisms – the |fossil range=
parameter may be a more sensible option.
|status = code |status system = classification system (see below)) – required |status ref = <ref>...</ref> – optional |extinct = year of extinction – optional (only use if |status=EX and year of extinction is known)
Use the above syntax, choosing one of the status codes from the code list below. The code may be all upper or lower case, but the cases used in the table are preferred.
The following status codes are available (the third column shows the category that is automatically added to the article):
-
Status (as shown in taxobox) Code Category assigned Secure secure[IUCN 1] Domesticated DOM[IUCN 1] Category:Domesticated animals Least Concern (LC) LC Least Concern (LR/lc) LR/lc Near Threatened (NT) NT Near Threatened (LC/nt) LR/nt Conservation Dependent (LR/cd) LR/cd Vulnerable (VU) VU Endangered (EN) EN Category:Endangered species Critically Endangered CR Category:Critically endangered species Critically Endangered (CR), possibly extinct PE Category:Critically endangered species Extinct in the wild (EW) EW Category:Species extinct in the wild Extinct EX Data deficient (DD) DD Not evaluated (NE) NE Fossil fossil[IUCN 1][IUCN 2] Prehistoric pre[IUCN 1] See text See text[IUCN 1] Lower Risk LR[IUCN 1][IUCN 3]
- Notes
- ^ a b c d e f This is not a valid IUCN Red List category
- ^
|status=fossil
is deprecated in favour of|fossil range=
{{fossil range}}
(see the #Fossil range section below). - ^ LR is deprecated; use LR/lc or LR/nt or LR/cd instead.
System
The criteria used by the IUCN should also be specified: (case-sensitive)
| status system = iucn3.1 or | status system = iucn2.3 <!-- deprecated for new boxes, although some taxoboxes still exist and are supported for this version -->
This parameter is required in order to display the proper conservation status graphic. Failure to use this parameter will result in no graphic appearing.
Other systems are listed at Wikipedia:Conservation status.
Referencing conservation status
To add a reference for the status, use
|status ref=<ref>{{IUCN2012.2}}</ref>
See {{IUCN2012.2}}
or {{IUCN}}
for the parameters you need to supply to that template. And don't forget that <ref>
requires a corresponding <references />
in the References section.
Fossil range
The stratigraphic range for groups known as fossils may also be included, using the |fossil range=
parameter. For instance, for a group known from the Cambrian to the Permian:
|fossil range = [[Cambrian]]–[[Permian]]
You may wish to add a diagrammatic representation of the fossil range (as shown below), which can be created using the {{Fossil range}} template, for example:
| fossil range = {{fossil range|Cambrian|Permian}}
or
| fossil range = {{fossil range|542|250}} [[Cambrian]]–[[Permian]]
For extant taxa that continue into the present day, the ending period should be set to "Recent" or as "Holocene" for Late Quaternary extinctions such as the moa, and the current status should be indicated using the |status=
parameter.
For groups that only existed during a single period, simply list it without giving a range: e.g.:
| fossil range = {{fossil range|Silurian}}
Images
An image can be included using the parameter |image=
. It is highly recommended that an image be provided if one is available. Do not include the "File:" part of the image file name!
If an image is included, alt text should be provided using parameter "|image alt=
". Alt text should not repeat the caption; instead, it should describe the image contents to someone who can't see it (see WP:ALT).
A caption can be provided using parameter "|image caption=
". A caption need not be provided if it would just repeat the title of the article. It should be provided if it can convey any additional information about the image, such as the sex or life stage of the individual, the location where the picture was taken, the artist (if an engraving or other illustration), or (for higher taxa) the particular species depicted.
| image = Sweetbay1082.jpg | image alt = White flower surrounded by long green leaves | image caption = ''Magnolia virginiana''
By default, the image width is determined by each user's default thumbnail size preference. In general, it is recommended that these preferences be honoured. In some cases, however, it may be desirable to overrule the default size; this can be achieved by use of the |image width=
parameter. Note that the Manual of Style recommends that if the default thumbnail size of a lead image is to be overruled, it should be made at least 300px wide, so that users whose default thumbnail size is 300px do not end up with a lead image smaller than the other images in the article.
| image = Sweetbay1082.jpg | image alt = White flower surrounded by long green leaves | image caption = ''Magnolia virginiana'' | image width = 320px
Long or complex image captions, which should rarely be necessary, look better when left-aligned. This can be achieved using "|image caption align=left
".
A second image may be added by use of the |image2=
, |image2 alt=
, |image2 caption=
and |image2 width=
parameters. Use this sparingly, and only when the article is long enough, and when it makes sense to include the second image inside the taxobox and not later in the article. Camel is a good example (a genus with two well-known representatives). A second image may also be useful for species that display sexual dimorphism so that both a male and female representative could be shown, e.g. Northern cardinal.
Authorities
Generally, an authority should be given only for the taxa covered by the article. Higher groups which only include the article subject should also list authorities unless those are the same as for the taxa in question. In the case of species (or subspecies) the authority may be given in the binomial (or trinomial) section. Otherwise authorities may be listed in the placement section. For instance, for an order:
| ordo = | ordo authority =
The following examples illustrate the different conventions for names, dates, and punctuations in the different kingdoms.
- Animalia
- Plantae
- Bacteria
- Original name valid: Vibrio cholerae R. Koch 1883
- Organism reclassified: Streptococcus pneumoniae (Klein 1884) Chester 1901 (originally Micrococcus pneumoniae)
- Old name revived: Salmonella enterica (ex Kauffmann & Edwards 1952) Le Minor & Popoff 1987
Authorities in scientific names are also abbreviated according to different standards for plants and animals. To decipher standard abbreviations, see
- List of botanists by author abbreviation or consult the International Plant Names Index.
- List of zoologists by author abbreviation
For more information refer to the article on binomial nomenclature.
Diversity
In higher taxa, and taxa where the subdivision option does not indicate number of species, the |diversity=
parameter may be used. This needs to be accompanied by |diversity link=
which links to an appropriate page, usually a List of ... species page. See, for example, Banksia: the subdivision lists only two subgenera, so the |diversity=
option is used to specify the number of species.
| diversity link = List of Quercus species | diversity = c. 120 species
It is not a good idea to be too precise about the number of species. New species are still being regularly described in many groups. Moreover, changing systematic treatment is liable to alter the species number even in well-known genera. Rounding off the species number and denoting this as approximate value will help decreasing maintenance.
Use the |diversity ref=
parameter to give references for the number of species, for example:
| diversity ref = <ref>Hershler and Longley, 1986, p. 127</ref>
Range maps
A range map may be included at the end of the taxobox. This uses the |range map=
, |range map width=
, |range map alt=
, and |range map caption=
parameters, in the same manner as an image. Specifying range map width is unnecessary in most cases. See Leopard (land animal), Northern flicker (non-migratory bird), Lesser spotted eagle (migratory bird) and Orca (water animal) for examples.
| range map = Map.jpg | range map width = 240px | range map alt = Map showing ... | range map caption = Range of ...
You can generate maps using an appropriate blank map such as Image:BlankMap-World-noborders.png. Do not make the distribution map too large (a width of 300 to 400 should be sufficient, the purpose of the map being a rough global overview; more detailed maps can always go to the article body) and add the map to Category:Habitat maps, or, preferably, if you upload the map to Commons, to commons:Category:Animal distribution maps.
Synonyms
Where a species has synonyms, the |synonyms=
parameter may be used. The list of synonyms can be formatted using the same approach as for Subdivisions, but synonyms should not normally be linked, so e.g. {{Taxon list}} should be used for taxa whose names aren't italicized and {{Species list}} for those whose names are.
| synonyms =
{{Species list
|Species1|Authority1
|Species2|Authority2
}}
- Please note: style element <small> is not recommended in Wikipedia:WikiProject Check Wikipedia#HTML text style element .3Csmall.3E, see discussion Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Check Wikipedia#Small style element.
Nomenclator Zoologicus has data for all but the most recently established animal genera. This may be hard to understand for non-specialists, but it is a comprehensive source for the authorship of genus names, both valid ones and junior synonyms. Sometimes one will note that a new name has been established because the older, original name was "preoccupied". This means it has already been established for another taxon of the same rank in the same kingdom before – even if that name is now a synonym too. Taxa that preoccupy a name can be linked in the Synonyms section, such as Stenorhynchus here.
Use |synonyms ref=
to give references for the synonym list, for example:
| synonyms ref = <ref>Smith and Jones, 2009, p. 5 </ref>
Type species
When the type species of a genus (or larger grouping) is known, the |type species=
and |type species authority=
can be used.
For botanical entries, i.e. names under the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN), the currently accepted name in the genus should be used. The term "type species" does not occur in the ICN, but is used here for convenience. The Index Nominum Genericorum is a useful source of information and can be used as a reference.
For animal entries, i.e. names under the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN), the type species should be the original binomial name of the type species, but linked to its current article, and the authority should be plain (no parentheses). See Mirza for a type species example.
| type species = the original name of the species that was initially used to describe the genus, without regard to its present-day nomenclature | type species authority =
This follows ICZN Recommendation 67B; be aware that this means the taxon used by the genus' original author – even if it is now invalid, e.g. a junior synonym. Ideally, it should only be used if the genus' original description can be verified first-hand. As per the following example given by the ICZN:
Astacus marinus Fabricius, 1775, one of the nominal species originally included in the decapod crustacean genus Homarus Weber, 1795, was subsequently designated by Fowler (1912) as the type species of Homarus. The type species is, and should be cited as, Astacus marinus Fabricius, 1775. Astacus marinus Fabricius is currently synonymized with Cancer gammarus Linnaeus, 1758, but the latter is not the type species of Homarus and should not be cited as such. If mention of the type species is required it should be made in some such manner as "Type species Astacus marinus Fabricius, 1775, a junior synonym of Cancer gammarus Linnaeus, 1758"; or "Type species Astacus marinus Fabricius, 1775, now regarded as a synonym of Homarus gammarus (Linnaeus, 1758)".
If you do not completely understand what this all means, please do not use this parameter. Instead, if possible denote the type species in the species listing, for example with a
<small>([[type species]])</small>
after the species' (currently valid) name.
Italic page titles
If the value of |genus=
, |species=
, or |binomial=
exactly matches the title of the page, and |name=
is unspecified, the taxobox and page title will be italicized automatically.[note 2] If necessary, it is also possible to force the page title to display in italics using the {{Italic title}} template.
If the |name=
parameter is present, then the taxobox will display whatever is in |name=
; the page title will NOT be italicized unless {{italic title}} is used.
Complete blank template
This section gives all parameters in the order that they will appear in the taxobox. No taxobox should use all of these. Keep it short! Note that parameters in this template are case-sensitive.
name Temporal range: 100–0 Ma fossil range |
|
---|---|
image caption | |
image2 caption | |
Virus classification (status of classification) | |
Group: | virus group |
(unranked): | unranked superdomain unranked superdomain authority |
Superdomain: | superdomain |
Domain: | domain domain authority |
Superkingdom: | superregnum superregnum authority |
(unranked): | unranked regnum unranked regnum authority |
Kingdom: | regnum regnum authority |
Subkingdom: | subregnum subregnum authority |
Superdivision: | superdivisio superdivisio authority |
Superphylum: | superphylum superphylum authority |
(unranked): | unranked divisio unranked divisio authority |
Division: | divisio divisio authority |
(unranked): | unranked phylum unranked phylum authority |
Phylum: | phylum phylum authority |
Subdivision: | subdivisio subdivisio authority |
Subphylum: | subphylum subphylum authority |
Infraphylum: | infraphylum infraphylum authority |
Microphylum: | microphylum microphylum authority |
Nanophylum: | nanophylum nanophylum authority |
Superclass: | superclassis superclassis authority |
(unranked): | unranked classis unranked classis authority |
Class: | classis classis authority |
(unranked): | unranked subclassis unranked subclassis authority |
Subclass: | subclassis subclassis authority |
(unranked): | unranked infraclassis unranked infraclassis authority |
Infraclass: | infraclassis infraclassis authority |
Magnorder: | magnordo magnordo authority |
Superorder: | superordo superordo authority |
(unranked): | unranked ordo unranked ordo authority |
Order: | ordo ordo authority |
Suborder: | subordo subordo authority |
Infraorder: | infraordo infraordo authority |
Parvorder: | parvordo parvordo authority |
Division: | zoodivisio zoodivisio authority |
Section: | zoosectio zoosectio authority |
Subsection: | zoosubsectio zoosubsectio authority |
(unranked): | unranked superfamilia unranked superfamilia authority |
Superfamily: | superfamilia superfamilia authority |
Family: | familia familia authority |
Subfamily: | subfamilia subfamilia authority |
Supertribe: | supertribus supertribus authority |
(unranked): | unranked tribus unranked tribus authority |
Tribe: | tribus tribus authority |
Subtribe: | subtribus subtribus authority |
Alliance: | alliance alliance authority |
(unranked): | unranked genus genus authority |
Genus: | genus genus authority |
Subgenus: | subgenus subgenus authority |
Section: | sectio sectio authority |
Subsection: | subsectio subsectio authority |
Series: | series series authority |
Subseries: | subseries subseries authority |
Species group: | species group species group authority |
Species subgroup: | species subgroup species subgroup authority |
Species complex: | species complex species complex authority |
Species: | species |
Subspecies: | subspecies subspecies authority |
Variety: | variety variety authority |
Form: | forma forma authority |
Binomial name | |
binomial binomial authority |
|
Trinomial name | |
trinomial trinomial authority |
|
Type species | |
type species type species authority |
|
Type strain | |
type strain | |
subdivision ranks | |
subdivision |
|
Diversity | |
diversity | |
range map caption | |
binomial2 binomial2 authority |
|
range map2 caption | |
binomial3 binomial3 authority |
|
range map3 caption | |
binomial4 binomial4 authority |
|
range map4 caption | |
Synonyms[2] | |
synonyms |
{{Taxobox | color = | name = | status = | status system = | status ref = | fossil range = | image = | image width = | image alt = | image caption = | image caption align = | image2 = | image2 width = | image2 alt = | image2 caption = | classification status = | virus group = | unranked superdomain = | unranked superdomain authority = | superdomain = | superdomain authority = | domain = | domain authority = | superregnum = | superregnum authority = | unranked regnum = | unranked regnum authority = | regnum = | regnum authority = | subregnum = | subregnum authority = | superdivisio = | superdivisio authority = | superphylum = | superphylum authority = | unranked divisio = | unranked divisio authority = | divisio = | divisio authority = | unranked phylum = | unranked phylum authority = | phylum = | phylum authority = | subdivisio = | subdivisio authority = | subphylum = | subphylum authority = | infraphylum = | infraphylum authority = | microphylum = | microphylum authority = | nanophylum = | nanophylum authority = | superclassis = | superclassis authority = | unranked classis = | unranked classis authority = | classis = | classis authority = | unranked subclassis = | unranked subclassis authority = | subclassis = | subclassis authority = | unranked infraclassis = | unranked infraclassis authority = | infraclassis = | infraclassis authority = | magnordo = | magnordo authority = | superordo = | superordo authority = | unranked ordo = | unranked ordo authority = | ordo = | ordo authority = | subordo = | subordo authority = | infraordo = | infraordo authority = | parvordo = | parvordo authority = | zoodivisio = | zoodivisio authority = | zoosectio = | zoosectio authority = | zoosubsectio = | zoosubsectio authority = | unranked superfamilia = | unranked superfamilia authority = | superfamilia = | superfamilia authority = | familia = | familia authority = | subfamilia = | subfamilia authority = | supertribus = | supertribus authority = | unranked tribus = | unranked tribus authority = | tribus = | tribus authority = | subtribus = | subtribus authority = | alliance = | alliance authority = | unranked genus = | unranked genus authority = | genus = | genus authority = | subgenus = | subgenus authority = | sectio = | sectio authority = | subsectio = | subsectio authority = | series = | series authority = | subseries = | subseries authority = | species group = | species group authority = | species subgroup = | species subgroup authority = | species complex = | species complex authority = | species = | species authority = | subspecies = | subspecies authority = | variety = | variety authority = | forma = | forma authority = | diversity ref = | diversity = | diversity link = | binomial = | binomial authority = | trinomial = | trinomial authority = | type species = | type species authority = | subdivision = | subdivision ranks = | type strain = | range map = | range map width = | range map alt = | range map caption = | binomial2 = | binomial2 authority = | range map2 = | range map2 width = | range map2 alt = | range map2 caption = | binomial3 = | binomial3 authority = | range map3 = | range map3 width = | range map3 alt = | range map3 caption = | binomial4 = | binomial4 authority = | range map4 = | range map4 width = | range map4 alt = | range map4 caption = | synonyms ref = | synonyms = }}
All parameters
The full list of parameters is illustrated inside the infobox above, in the "Complete blank template".
-
color - typical color code name - name defaults to {{PAGENAME}} status - conservation status code status system - status-system type status ref - status reference regnum - (standard) kingdom name phylum - (standard) phylum name classis - (standard) class name ordo - (standard) order name familia - (standard) family name genus - (standard) genus name species - (standard) species name fossil range - (as shown at top of box) image - (as shown in box) image width - (as shown in box) image alt - (as shown in box) image caption - (as shown in box) image2 - (as shown in box) image2 width - (as shown in box) image2 alt - (as shown in box) image2 caption - (as shown in box) classification status - (as shown in box) virus group - (as shown in box) superdomain - (as shown in box) superdomain authority - (as shown in box) unranked superdomain - (as shown in box) unranked superdomain authority - (as shown in box) domain - (as shown in box) domain authority - (as shown in box) unranked regnum - (as shown in box) unranked regnum authority - (as shown in box) superregnum - (as shown in box) superregnum authority - (as shown in box) regnum authority - (as shown in box) subregnum - (as shown in box) subregnum authority - (as shown in box) unranked phylum - (as shown in box) unranked phylum authority - (as shown in box) superdivisio - (as shown in box) superdivisio authority - (as shown in box) superphylum - (as shown in box) superphylum authority - (as shown in box) divisio - (as shown in box) divisio authority - (as shown in box) unranked divisio - (as shown in box) unranked divisio authority - (as shown in box) phylum authority - (as shown in box) subdivisio - (as shown in box) subdivisio authority - (as shown in box) subphylum - (as shown in box) subphylum authority - (as shown in box) infraphylum - (as shown in box) infraphylum authority - (as shown in box) microphylum - (as shown in box) microphylum authority - (as shown in box) nanophylum - (as shown in box) nanophylum authority - (as shown in box) unranked classis - (as shown in box) unranked classis authority - (as shown in box) superclassis - (as shown in box) superclassis authority - (as shown in box) classis authority - (as shown in box) unranked subclassis - (as shown in box) unranked subclassis authority - (as shown in box) subclassis - (as shown in box) subclassis authority - (as shown in box) unranked infraclassis - (as shown in box) unranked infraclassis authority - (as shown in box) infraclassis - (as shown in box) infraclassis authority - (as shown in box) unranked ordo - (as shown in box) unranked ordo authority - (as shown in box) magnordo - (as shown in box) magnordo authority - (as shown in box) superordo - (as shown in box) superordo authority - (as shown in box) ordo authority - (as shown in box) subordo - (as shown in box) subordo authority - (as shown in box) infraordo - (as shown in box) infraordo authority - (as shown in box) parvordo - (as shown in box) parvordo authority - (as shown in box) zoodivisio - (as shown in box) zoodivisio authority - (as shown in box) zoosectio - (as shown in box) zoosectio authority - (as shown in box) zoosubsectio - (as shown in box) zoosubsectio authority - (as shown in box) unranked superfamilia - (as shown in box) unranked superfamilia authority - (as shown in box) superfamilia - (as shown in box) superfamilia authority - (as shown in box) familia authority - (as shown in box) subfamilia - (as shown in box) subfamilia authority - (as shown in box) unranked tribus - (as shown in box) unranked tribus authority - (as shown in box) supertribus - (as shown in box) supertribus authority - (as shown in box) tribus - (as shown in box) tribus authority - (as shown in box) subtribus - (as shown in box) subtribus authority - (as shown in box) alliance - (as shown in box) alliance authority - (as shown in box) unranked genus - (as shown in box) unranked genus authority - (as shown in box) genus authority - (as shown in box) subgenus - (as shown in box) subgenus authority - (as shown in box) sectio - (as shown in box) sectio authority - (as shown in box) subsectio - (as shown in box) subsectio authority - (as shown in box) series - (as shown in box) series authority - (as shown in box) subseries - (as shown in box) subseries authority - (as shown in box) species group - (as shown in box) species group authority - (as shown in box) species subgroup - (as shown in box) species subgroup authority - (as shown in box) species complex - (as shown in box) species complex authority - (as shown in box) species authority - (as shown in box) subspecies - (as shown in box) subspecies authority - (as shown in box) variety - (as shown in box) variety authority - (as shown in box) forma - (as shown in box) forma authority - (as shown in box) diversity ref - (as shown in box) diversity - (as shown in box) diversity link - (as shown in box) binomial - (as shown in box) binomial authority - (as shown in box) trinomial - (as shown in box) trinomial authority - (as shown in box) type species - (as shown in box) type species authority - (as shown in box) subdivision - (as shown in box) subdivision ranks - (as shown in box) type strain - (as shown in box) range map - 1st map, bottom of box range map width - 1st map width as 200px range map alt - 1st map ALT= text range map caption - 1st caption, under picture binomial2 - (as shown in box) binomial2 authority - (as shown in box) range map2 - 2nd map in box range map2 width - 2nd map width as 200px range map2 alt - 2nd map ALT= text range map2 caption - 2nd map caption binomial3 - (as shown in box) binomial3 authority - (as shown in box) range map3 - 3rd map in box range map3 width - 3rd map width as 200px range map3 alt - 3rd map ALT= text range map3 caption - 3rd maq caption binomial4 - (as shown in box) binomial4 authority - (as shown in box) range map4 - 4th map in box range map4 width - 4th map width as 200px range map4 alt - 4th map ALT= text range map4 caption - 4th map caption synonyms ref - reference for synonyms synonyms - (as at bottom of box)
Articles lacking taxoboxes
For articles lacking taxoboxes, add Template:Missing-taxobox to the talk page. This may be done by typing {{Missing-taxobox}} or {{needtaxobox}} at the top of the talk page.
Microformat
This template emits a "species" (or "biota") microformat.
The microformat is created by the use of class="biota"
, and classes for individual taxonomic ranks, such as class="domain"
in a span around {{{domain}}} (full list). Please do not change or remove those classes other than as part of development of the microformat. For background information, see microformats on Wikipedia and the microformat specification.
Template Data
TemplateData for Taxobox
An infobox for plants, animals and other biological taxa
Template parameters
This template prefers block formatting of parameters.
Parameter | Description | Type | Status | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Name | name |
For plants, see [[Wikipedia:Naming conventions (flora)]]. For all other living things, the name should be the most common vernacular name, when one is in widespread use, and a scientific name otherwise.
|
String | required |
Image | image |
An image to use, do not include the 'File:' part of the image file name.
|
String | optional |
Image Width | image width image width |
Width to display the image at. Should not normally be set. e.g. 320px
|
String | optional |
Image alt text | image alt image alt |
Alt text which describes the image to someone who can't see it
|
String | optional |
Image caption | image caption image caption |
Caption displayed under the image
|
String | required |
Image caption alignment | image caption align image caption alignment |
Alignment of the caption displayed under the image, e.g. left. Should not normally be set.
|
String | optional |
Kingdom | regnum |
Kingdom: [[Animal]]ia, [[Plant]]ae, [[Fungi]], other taxa may want to use domain or other ranks instead
|
String | optional |
Division | divisio |
Division in botany, e.g. [[Bryophyta]]. Not for flowering plants using the APG III system
|
String | optional |
Phylum | phylum |
Phylum in zoology, eg [[Chordata]] for vertebrates
|
String | optional |
Class | classis |
Class/classis taxonomic rank
|
String | optional |
Order | ordo |
Order/ordo taxonomic rank
|
String | optional |
Family | familia |
Family/familia taxonomic rank
|
String | optional |
Genus | genus |
Genus taxonomic rank, in italics, e.g. ''[[Homo]]''
|
String | optional |
Species | species |
Species taxonomic rank. Should be given in abbreviated forms and in italics, e.g. ''H. sapiens''.
|
String | optional |
Binomial | binomial |
Full binomial name of taxa, In full form with italics, e.g. ''Salix alba'' var. ''caerulea''
|
String | optional |
Binomial authority | binomial authority binomial authority |
Binomial authority using appropriate conventions, eg [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]] (for plants), [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1761 (for animals)
|
String | optional |
Range map | range map range map |
Map of range
|
String | optional |
Range map width | range map width range map width |
Width to display range map. Should not normally be set. e.g. 320px
|
String | optional |
Range map alt text | range map alt range map alt |
Alt text describing the range in words
|
String | optional |
Range map caption | range map caption range map caption |
Caption/key for the range map
|
String | optional |
Conservation status | status |
The conservation status code: 'secure', domesticated 'DOM', Least Concern 'LC', Lower Risk—Least Concern 'LR/lc', Near Threatened 'NT', Lower Risk—Near Threatened 'LR/nt', Lower Risk—Conservation Dependent 'LR/cd', Vulnerable 'VU', Endangered 'EN', Critically Endangered 'CR', Possibly Extinct 'PE', Extinct in the wild 'EW', Extinct 'EX', Data deficient 'DD', Not evaluated 'NE',Fossil 'fossil', Prehistoric 'pre', 'See text', Lower Risk 'LR'
|
String | optional |
Conservation status system | status system status system |
System used for Conservation status: 'iucn3.1', 'iucn2.3', 'EPBC' etc. Required if status given.
|
String | optional |
Status reference | status ref status ref |
Reference for status {{IUCN2012.2|...}}
|
String | optional |
Year of extinction | extinct |
Year of extinction, if known
|
String | optional |
Fossil range | fossil range fossil range |
The stratigraphic range for groups known as fossils. E.g. [[Cambrian]]–[[Permian]] or {{fossil range|Cambrian|Permian}} to give a chart. Use 'Recent' for extant taxa and 'Holocene' for for Late Quaternary extinctions.
|
String | optional |
virus group | virus group virus group |
Viruses not placed in taxa above the rank of order, instead a virus group is used, given by a Roman numeral from I to VII
|
String | optional |
Unranked superdomain | unranked superdomain unranked superdomain |
For each major taxon you can add an unranked entry to the taxobox. The entry unranked X appears above rank X
|
String | optional |
Superdomain | superdomain |
This and other minor ranks should only be used when they are important to understanding the classification of the taxon described in the article
|
String | optional |
Superdomain Authority | superdomain authority superdomain authority |
The authority used for this rank. Every rank has a rank authority field which are not currently listed
|
String | optional |
Domain | domain |
Domain for Archaea, Bacteria and Eukarya
|
String | optional |
Superkingdom | superregnum |
no description
|
String | optional |
unranked kingdom | unranked regnum unranked regnum |
no description
|
String | optional |
Subkingdom | subregnum |
no description
|
String | optional |
Superdivision | superdivisio |
no description
|
String | optional |
Superphylum | superphylum |
no description
|
String | optional |
Unranked division | unranked divisio unranked divisio |
For flowering plants using the APG III system this should be set to [[Angiosperms]] rather than using division/divisio
|
String | optional |
Unranked phylum | unranked phylum unranked phylum |
no description
|
String | optional |
subphylum | subphylum |
no description
|
String | optional |
Infraphylum | infraphylum |
no description
|
String | optional |
microphylum | microphylum |
no description
|
String | optional |
nanophylum | nanophylum |
no description
|
String | optional |
superclassis | superclassis |
no description
|
String | optional |
Unranked class | unranked classis unranked classis |
For flowering plants using the APG III system this should be used rather than class/classis
|
String | optional |
unranked subclassis | unranked subclassis unranked subclassis |
no description
|
String | optional |
subclassis | subclassis |
no description
|
String | optional |
unranked infraclassis | unranked infraclassis unranked infraclassis |
no description
|
String | optional |
infraclassis | infraclassis |
no description
|
String | optional |
magnordo | magnordo |
no description
|
String | optional |
superordo | superordo |
no description
|
String | optional |
Unranked order | unranked ordo unranked ordo |
Generally used for flowering plants using the APG III system
|
String | optional |
subordo | subordo |
no description
|
String | optional |
infraordo | infraordo |
no description
|
String | optional |
parvordo | parvordo |
no description
|
String | optional |
zoodivision | zoodivisio |
Used in zoology, a different rank to the division used in botany.
|
String | optional |
zoosection | zoosectio |
Used in zoology, a different rank to the section used in botany.
|
String | optional |
zoosubsection | zoosubsectio |
Used in zoology, a different rank to the subsection used in botany.
|
String | optional |
Unranked Superfamily | unranked superfamilia unranked superfamilia |
no description
|
String | optional |
Superfamily | superfamilia |
no description
|
String | optional |
Subfamily | subfamilia |
no description
|
String | optional |
supertribus | supertribus |
no description
|
String | optional |
unranked tribe | unranked tribus unranked tribus |
no description
|
String | optional |
tribe | tribus |
no description
|
String | optional |
subtribe | subtribus |
no description
|
String | optional |
alliance | alliance |
no description
|
String | optional |
Unranked genus | unranked genus unranked genus |
no description
|
String | optional |
Subgenus | subgenus |
no description
|
String | optional |
Section | sectio |
Used in botany, use zoosectio in zoology
|
String | optional |
Subsection | subsectio |
Used in botany, use zoosubsectio in zoology
|
String | optional |
Series | series |
no description
|
String | optional |
Subseries | subseries |
no description
|
String | optional |
Species group | species group species group |
no description
|
String | optional |
species subgroup | species subgroup species subgroup |
no description
|
String | optional |
species complex | species complex species complex |
no description
|
String | optional |
subspecies | subspecies |
no description
|
String | optional |
variety | variety |
no description
|
String | optional |
form | forma |
Used in botany, not in zoology
|
String | optional |
trinomial | trinomial |
The full trinomial name for subspecies, it should generally be in italics.
|
String | optional |
trinomial authority | trinomial authority trinomial authority |
The authority for a trinomial.
|
String | optional |
Synonyms | synonyms |
A list of synonyms for a species, e.g. ''species1'' Authority1
|
String | optional |
Synonyms ref | synonyms ref synonyms ref |
References for the synonym lists, e.g.Smith and Jones, 2009, p. 5
|
String | optional |
Type species | type species type species |
The original name of the species that was initially used to describe the genus, without regard to its present-day nomenclature.
|
String | optional |
Type species authority | type species authority type species authority |
Authority for the type species, don't use parenthesis.
|
String | optional |
Classification status | classification status classification status |
Status of the scientific classification, e.g. disputed. Only use when the scientific classification text would be misleading without it.
|
String | optional |
Subdivision ranks | subdivision ranks subdivision ranks |
Rank used for sub-divisions of this taxa, e.g. 'Families'
|
String | optional |
Subdivision | subdivision |
List of sub divisions of this taxa, e.g. [[Family1]]
|
String | optional |
Image 2 | image2 |
A second image, only use in rare circumstances.
|
String | optional |
Image 2 Width | image2 width image2 width |
Width of the second image
|
Number | optional |
Image 2 alt text | image2 alt image2 alt |
Alt text which describes the second image to someone who can't see it
|
String | optional |
Image 2 caption | image2 caption image2 caption |
Caption to display under the second image
|
String | optional |
Binomial2 | binomial2 |
Second binomial name of taxa, only used in rare circumstances
|
String | optional |
Binomial authority 2 | binomial2 authority binomial2 authority |
Authority of second binomial
|
String | optional |
Binomial3 | binomial3 |
Third binomial name of taxa, only used in rare circumstances
|
String | optional |
Binomial authority 3 | binomial3 authority binomial3 authority |
Authority of third binomial
|
String | optional |
Binomial4 | binomial4 |
Fourth binomial name of taxa, only used in rare circumstances
|
String | optional |
Binomial authority 4 | binomial4 authority binomial4 authority |
Authority of fourth binomial
|
String | optional |
Range map 2 | range map2 range map2 |
Second map of range
|
String | optional |
Range map 2 width | range map2 width range map2 width |
Width of second range map
|
String | optional |
Range map 2 alt text | range map2 alt range map2 alt |
Alt text describing the second range map
|
String | optional |
Range map 2 caption | range map2 caption range map2 caption |
Caption/key for the second range map
|
String | optional |
Range map 3 | range map3 range map3 |
Third map of range
|
String | optional |
Range map 3 width | range map3 width range map3 width |
Width of third range map
|
String | optional |
Range map 3 alt text | range map3 alt range map3 alt |
Alt text describing the third range map
|
String | optional |
Range map 3 caption | range map3 caption range map3 caption |
Caption/key for the third range map
|
String | optional |
Range map 4 | range map4 range map4 |
Forth map of range
|
String | optional |
Range map 4 width | range map4 width range map4 width |
Width of forth range map
|
String | optional |
Range map 4 alt text | range map4 alt range map4 alt |
Alt text describing the forth range map
|
String | optional |
Range map 4 caption | range map4 caption range map4 caption |
Caption/key for the forth range map
|
String | optional |
color | color |
Generally not used as it is automatically assigned based on the entry for regnum, virus group, unranked phylum, phylum.
|
String | optional |
Supporting templates
Tracking/maintenance categories
Hidden category added by Taxobox:
Hidden categories added by Taxobox/core:
Hidden categories added by Taxobox/species:
- Category:Taxoboxes with an unrecognised status system
- Category:Taxoboxes needing a status system parameter
- Category:Invalid conservation status
Hidden categories added by Taxobox/Error colour:
See also
Notes
- ^ If the page is called, for example, "Homo (genus)", then the taxobox will display "Homo" and the page title "Homo (genus)".
- ^ See note 1; the title of the page will be italicized using the {{DISPLAYTITLE}} magic word. When the page name contains the disambiguator "(alga)" or "(genus)", this disambiguator will not be italicized (e.g., Ia (genus)).