March 31 is the 90th day of the year (91st in leap years ) in the Gregorian calendar . There are 275 days remaining until the end of the year. This date is slightly more likely to fall on a Tuesday, Thursday or Saturday (58 in 400 years each) than on Sunday or Monday (57), and slightly less likely to occur on a Wednesday or Friday (56).
Events
307 – After divorcing his wife Minervina , Constantine marries Fausta , daughter of the retired Roman Emperor Maximian .
627 – Battle of the Trench : Muhammad undergoes a 14-day siege at Medina (Saudi Arabia ) by Meccan forces under Abu Sufyan .
1146 – Bernard of Clairvaux preaches his famous sermon in a field at Vézelay , urging the necessity of a Second Crusade . Louis VII is present, and joins the Crusade.
1492 – Queen Isabella of Castille issues the Alhambra Decree , ordering her 150,000 Jewish and Muslim subjects to convert to Christianity or face expulsion.
1561 – The city of San Cristóbal, Táchira is founded.
1717 – A sermon on "The Nature of the Kingdom of Christ" by Benjamin Hoadly , the Bishop of Bangor , provokes the Bangorian Controversy .
1774 – American Revolutionary War : The Kingdom of Great Britain orders the port of Boston , Massachusetts closed pursuant to the Boston Port Act .
1822 – The massacre of the population of the Greek island of Chios by soldiers of the Ottoman Empire following an attempted rebellion, depicted by the French artist Eugène Delacroix .
1854 – Commodore Matthew Perry signs the Convention of Kanagawa with the Tokugawa Shogunate , opening the ports of Shimoda and Hakodate to American trade.
1866 – The Spanish Navy bombs the harbor of Valparaíso , Chile.
1877 – The family with samurai antecedents that responded to the Saigō army in Ōita Nakatsu, rebels.
1885 – The United Kingdom establishes the Bechuanaland Protectorate .
1889 – The Eiffel Tower is officially opened.
1899 – Malolos , capital of the First Philippine Republic , is captured by American forces .
1906 – The Intercollegiate Athletic Association of the United States (later the National Collegiate Athletic Association ) is established to set rules for college sports in the United States .
1909 – Serbia accepts Austrian control over Bosnia and Herzegovina .
1909 – Construction of the ill fated RMS Titanic begins.
1910 – Six North Staffordshire Pottery towns federate to form modern Stoke-on-Trent .
1913 – The Vienna Concert Society rioted during a performance of modernist music by Arnold Schoenberg , Alban Berg , Alexander von Zemlinsky , and Anton von Webern , causing a premature end to the concert due to violence; this concert became known as the Skandalkonzert .
1917 – The United States takes possession of the Danish West Indies after paying $25 million to Denmark, and renames the territory the United States Virgin Islands .
1918 – Massacre of ethnic Azerbaijanis is committed by allied armed groups of Armenian Revolutionary Federation and Bolsheviks . Nearly 12,000 Azerbaijani Muslims are killed.
1918 – Daylight saving time goes into effect in the United States for the first time.
1921 – The Royal Australian Air Force is formed.
1930 – The Motion Picture Production Code is instituted, imposing strict guidelines on the treatment of sex, crime, religion and violence in film, in the U.S., for the next thirty-eight years.
1931 – An earthquake destroys Managua , Nicaragua , killing 2,000.
1931 – TWA Flight 599 crashes near Bazaar, Kansas , killing eight, including University of Notre Dame head football coach Knute Rockne .
1933 – The Civilian Conservation Corps is established with the mission of relieving rampant unemployment in the United States .
1942 – World War II : Japanese forces invade Christmas Island , then a British possession.
1945 – World War II: A defecting German pilot delivers a Messerschmitt Me 262A-1 , the world's first operational jet-powered fighter aircraft , to the Americans, the first to fall into Allied hands.
1949 – The Dominion of Newfoundland joins the Canadian Confederation and becomes the 10th Province of Canada .
1951 – Remington Rand delivers the first UNIVAC I computer to the United States Census Bureau .
1957 – Elections to the Territorial Assembly of the French colony Upper Volta are held. After the elections PDU and MDV form a government.
1958 – In the Canadian federal election , the Progressive Conservatives , led by John Diefenbaker , win the largest percentage of seats in Canadian history, with 208 seats of 265.
1959 – The 14th Dalai Lama , crosses the border into India and is granted political asylum .
1964 – A coup d'état in Brazil establishes a military government , under the aegis of general Castelo Branco .
1966 – The Soviet Union launches Luna 10 which later becomes the first space probe to enter orbit around the Moon.
1970 – Explorer 1 re-enters the Earth's atmosphere after 12 years in orbit.
1979 – The last British soldier leaves the Maltese islands ; Malta declares its Freedom Day (Jum il-Helsien) .
1980 – The Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad operates its final train after being ordered to liquidate its assets because of bankruptcy and debts owed to creditors .
1985 – The first WrestleMania , the biggest wrestling event from the WWE (then the WWF), takes place in Madison Square Garden in New York City.
1986 – Six metropolitan county councils are abolished in England.
1990 – Approximately 200,000 protesters take to the streets of London to protest against the newly introduced Poll Tax .
1991 – Georgian independence referendum, 1991 : Nearly 99 percent of the voters support the country's independence from the Soviet Union .
1992 – The USS Missouri , the last active United States Navy battleship , is decommissioned in Long Beach, California .
1994 – The journal Nature reports the finding in Ethiopia of the first complete Australopithecus afarensis skull.
1998 – Netscape releases Mozilla source code under an open source license.
2004 – Iraq War in Anbar Province : In Fallujah , Iraq, four American private military contractors working for Blackwater USA , are killed after being ambushed .
2016 – Occupy movement known as Nuit debout begins in France , spreading within days to Belgium, Germany, and Spain.
Births
250 – Constantius Chlorus , Roman emperor (d. 306)
397 – K'uk' Bahlam I , Mayan ruler (d. 435)
822 – Al-Mutawakkil , Abbasid caliph (d. 861)
1360 – Philippa of Lancaster (d. 1415)
1499 – Pope Pius IV (d. 1565)
1519 – Henry II of France (d. 1559)
1536 – Ashikaga Yoshiteru , Japanese shogun (d. 1565)
1576 – Countess Louise Juliana of Nassau (d. 1644)
1596 – René Descartes , French mathematician and philosopher (d. 1650)
1621 – Andrew Marvell , English poet and politician (d. 1678)
1644 – Henry Winstanley , English painter and engineer (d. 1703)
1651 – Charles II, Elector Palatine , German husband of Princess Wilhelmine Ernestine of Denmark (d. 1685)
1675 – Pope Benedict XIV (d. 1758)
1685 – Johann Sebastian Bach , German organist and composer (d. 1750)
1718 – Mariana Victoria of Spain (d. 1781)
1723 – Frederick V of Denmark (d. 1766)
1730 – Étienne Bézout , French mathematician and theorist (d. 1783)
1732 – Joseph Haydn , Austrian pianist and composer (d. 1809)
1740 – Panoutsos Notaras , Greek politician (d. 1849)
1747 – Johann Abraham Peter Schulz , German pianist and composer (d. 1800)
1777 – Charles Cagniard de la Tour , French physicist and engineer (d. 1859)
1778 – Coenraad Jacob Temminck , Dutch zoologist and ornithologist (d. 1858)
1794 – Thomas McKean Thompson McKennan , American lawyer and politician, 2nd United States Secretary of the Interior (d. 1852)
1809 – Edward FitzGerald , English poet and translator (d. 1883)
1809 – Nikolai Gogol , Ukrainian-Russian short story writer, novelist, and playwright (d. 1852)
1809 – Otto Lindblad , Swedish composer (d. 1864)
1819 – Chlodwig, Prince of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst (d. 1901)
1823 – Mary Boykin Chesnut , American author (d. 1886)
1847 – Hermann de Pourtalès , Swiss sailor (d. 1904)
1847 – Yegor Ivanovich Zolotarev , Russian mathematician and theorist (d. 1878)
1851 – Francis Bell , New Zealand lawyer and politician, 20th Prime Minister of New Zealand (d. 1936)
1855 – Alfred E. Hunt , American businessman (d. 1899)
1859 – Emil Fenyvessy , Hungarian actor and screenwriter (d. 1924)
1865 – Anandi Gopal Joshi , Indian physician (d. 1887)
1871 – Arthur Griffith , Irish journalist and politician, 3rd President of Dáil Éireann (d. 1922)
1872 – Sergei Diaghilev , Russian ballet manager and critic, founded the Ballets Russes (d. 1929)
1872 – Alexandra Kollontai , Russian diplomat (d. 1952)
1874 – Benjamín G. Hill , Mexican revolutionary general, governor of Sonora (d. 1920)
1876 – Borisav Stanković , Serbian author (d. 1927)
1878 – Jack Johnson , American boxer (d. 1946)
1884 – Adriaan van Maanen , Dutch-American astronomer and academic (d. 1946)
1885 – Pascin , Bulgarian-American painter and illustrator (d. 1930)
1890 – Ben Adams , American jumper (d. 1961)
1890 – William Lawrence Bragg , Australian-English physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1971)
1891 – Victor Varconi , Hungarian-American actor and director (d. 1976)
1893 – Clemens Krauss , Austrian conductor and manager (d. 1954)
1893 – Herbert Meinhard Mühlpfordt , German physician and historian (d. 1982)
1895 – Vardis Fisher , American author and academic (d. 1968)
1900 – Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester (d. 1974)
1905 – Robert Stevenson , English director and screenwriter (d. 1986)
1905 – George Treweek , Australian rugby league player (d. 1991)
1906 – Sin-Itiro Tomonaga , Japanese physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1979)
1908 – Red Norvo , American vibraphone player and composer (d. 1999)
1911 – Freddie Green , American guitarist (d. 1987)
1911 – Elisabeth Grümmer , German soprano (d. 1986)
1912 – William Lederer , American soldier and author (d. 2009)
1913 – Etta Baker , American singer and guitarist (d. 2006)
1914 – Octavio Paz , Mexican poet and diplomat, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1998)
1914 – Dagmar Lange , Swedish author (d. 1991)
1915 – Albert Hourani , English historian and author (d. 1993)
1915 – Shoichi Yokoi , Japanese sergeant (d. 1997)
1916 – Lucille Bliss , American voice actress (d. 2012)
1916 – Tommy Bolt , American golfer (d. 2008)
1916 – John H. Wood, Jr. , American lawyer and judge (d. 1979)
1917 – Dorothy DeLay , American violinist and educator (d. 2002)
1918 – Ted Post , American director (d. 2013)
1919 – Frank Akins , American football player (d. 1993)
1920 – Deborah Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire , British aristocrat, socialite and author (d. 2014)
1920 – Paul Zorner , German soldier and pilot (d. 2014)
1921 – Peggy Rea , American actress and casting director (d. 2011)
1922 – Richard Kiley , American actor and singer (d. 1999)
1923 – François Sermon , Belgian footballer (d. 2013)
1924 – Leo Buscaglia , American author and academic (d. 1998)
1924 – Charles Guggenheim , American director and producer (d. 2002)
1925 – Jean Coutu , Canadian actor and director (d. 1999)
1926 – John Fowles , English novelist (d. 2005)
1926 – Beni Montresor , Italian director, set designer, author, and illustrator (d. 2001)
1926 – Rocco Petrone , American colonel and engineer (d. 2006)
1927 – Cesar Chavez , American union leader and activist (d. 1993)
1927 – William Daniels , American actor
1927 – Eduardo Martinez Somalo , Spanish cardinal
1927 – Vladimir Ilyushin , Russian pilot (d. 2010)
1927 – Elmer Diedtrich , American businessman and politician (d. 2013)
1927 – Bud MacPherson , Canadian ice hockey player (d. 1988)
1928 – Lefty Frizzell , American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1975)
1928 – Gordie Howe , Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2016)
1929 – Liz Claiborne , Belgian-American fashion designer, founded Liz Claiborne Inc. (d. 2007)
1929 – Bert Fields , American lawyer and author
1930 – Yehuda Nir , Polish-Israeli psychiatrist (d. 2014)
1930 – Jim Mutscheller , American football player and coach (d. 2015)
1931 – Miller Barber , American golfer (d. 2013)
1931 – Tamara Tyshkevich , Belarusian shot putter (d. 1997)
1932 – John Jakes , American author
1932 – Nagisa Oshima , Japanese director and screenwriter (d. 2013)
1933 – Anita Carter , American singer-songwriter and bassist (d. 1999)
1933 – Nichita Stănescu , Romanian poet (d. 1983)
1934 – Richard Chamberlain , American actor
1934 – Shirley Jones , American actress and singer
1934 – John D. Loudermilk , American singer-songwriter and guitarist
1934 – Carlo Rubbia , Italian physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
1934 – Kamala Surayya , Indian poet and author
1935 – Herb Alpert , American singer-songwriter, trumpet player, and producer
1935 – Judith Rossner , American author (d. 2005)
1936 – Sandayū Dokumamushi , Japanese actor
1936 – Marge Piercy , American poet and novelist
1936 – Bob Pulford , Canadian ice hockey player and coach
1937 – Willem Duyn , Dutch singer-songwriter (d. 2004)
1938 – Patrick Bateson , English biologist and academic
1938 – Sheila Dikshit , Indian politician, 22nd Governor of Kerala
1938 – Antje Gleichfeld , German runner
1938 – Joel Godard , American television announcer
1938 – Bill Hicke , Canadian ice hockey player, coach, and manager (d. 2005)
1938 – Tõnno Lepmets , Estonian basketball player (d. 2005)
1938 – Arthur B. Rubinstein , American pianist, composer, and conductor
1938 – David Steel , Scottish academic and politician
1939 – Zviad Gamsakhurdia , Georgian anthropologist and politician, 1st President of Georgia (d. 1993)
1939 – Israel Horovitz , American actor, director, and screenwriter
1939 – Walker David Miller , American lawyer and judge (d. 2013)
1939 – Volker Schlöndorff , German director and producer
1939 – Karl-Heinz Schnellinger , German footballer
1940 – Brian Ackland-Snow , English production designer and art director (d. 2013)
1940 – Barney Frank , American lawyer and politician
1940 – Patrick Leahy , American lawyer and politician
1941 – Franco Bonvicini , Italian author and illustrator (d. 1995)
1941 – Faith Leech , Australian swimmer (d. 2013)
1942 – Ulla Hoffmann , Swedish politician
1942 – Hugh McCracken , American guitarist and producer (d. 2013)
1942 – Michael Savage , American radio host and author
1943 – Roy Andersson , Swedish director and screenwriter
1943 – Deirdre Clancy , English costume designer
1943 – Christopher Walken , American actor
1944 – Pascal Danel , French singer-songwriter
1944 – Angus King , American politician
1944 – Mick Ralphs , English singer-songwriter and guitarist
1945 – Edwin Catmull , American computer scientist and engineer
1945 – Myfanwy Talog , Welsh actress (d. 1995)
1946 – Gonzalo Márquez , Venezuelan baseball player (d. 1984)
1946 – Bob Russell , English politician
1947 – Augustin Banyaga , Rwandan-American mathematician and academic
1947 – Wendy Overton , American tennis player
1947 – Kristian Blak , Danish-Faroese pianist, composer, and producer
1947 – Don Foster , English academic and politician
1947 – César Gaviria , Colombian economist and politician, 36th President of Colombia
1947 – Eliyahu M. Goldratt , Israeli physicist and economist (d. 2011)
1948 – Gary Doer , Canadian politician and diplomat, 20th Premier of Manitoba
1948 – Natalia Dubova , Russian ice dancer and coach
1948 – David Eisenhower , American author and educator
1948 – Al Gore , American soldier and politician, 45th Vice President of the United States and Nobel Prize laureate
1948 – Rhea Perlman , American actress and producer
1948 – Gustaaf Van Cauter , Belgian cyclist
1949 – Gilles Gilbert , Canadian ice hockey player
1950 – András Adorján , Hungarian chess player and author
1950 – Ed Marinaro , American football player and actor
1950 – Sandra Morgen , American anthropologist and academic
1953 – Dennis Kamakahi , American guitarist and composer (d. 2014)
1954 – Laima Vaikule , Latvian actress, singer, director, and choreographer
1955 – Robert Vance , New Zealand cricketer
1955 – Svetozar Marović , President of Serbia and Montenegro
1955 – Angus Young , Scottish-Australian guitarist and songwriter
1957 – Alan Duncan , English businessman and politician, Shadow Leader of the House of Commons
1958 – Tony Cox , American actor and stuntman
1959 – Markus Hediger , Swiss poet and translator
1959 – Ali McMordie , Irish bass player
1960 – Michelle Nicastro , American actress and singer (d. 2010)
1960 – Popa Chubby , American singer and guitarist
1961 – Ron Brown , American sprinter and football player
1961 – Howard Gordon , American screenwriter and producer
1961 – Gary Winick , American director and producer (d. 2011)
1962 – John Taylor , American football player
1962 – Olli Rehn , Finnish footballer and politician
1963 – Paul Mercurio , Australian actor and dancer
1963 – Geir Rognø , Norwegian bassist
1964 – Mark Hoban , English accountant and politician
1964 – Paul Wong , Hong Kong singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor
1965 – Tom Barrasso , American ice hockey player and coach
1965 – Patty Fendick , American tennis player and coach
1965 – Jean-Christophe Lafaille , French mountaineer (d. 2006)
1965 – William McNamara , American actor and producer
1965 – Steven T. Seagle , American author and screenwriter
1966 – Roger Black , English runner and journalist
1966 – Nick Firestone , American race car driver
1967 – Ivar Kolve , Norwegian vibraphonist
1968 – Kimmo Kinnunen , Finnish javelin thrower
1968 – Naoya Ogawa , Japanese wrestler and mixed martial artist
1968 – J. R. Reid , American basketball player and coach
1969 – Nyamko Sabuni , Burundian-Swedish politician
1969 – Steve Smith , American basketball player and sportscaster
1970 – Alenka Bratušek , Slovenian politician, 7th Prime Minister of Slovenia
1970 – Samantha Brown , American television host
1970 – Damon Herriman , Australian actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
1970 – Patrick Lachman , American singer and guitarist
1971 – Demetris Assiotis , Cypriot footballer
1971 – Martin Atkinson , English footballer and referee
1971 – Pavel Bure , Russian ice hockey player
1971 – Paul Grayson , English cricketer
1971 – Craig McCracken , American animator, producer, and screenwriter
1971 – Ewan McGregor , Scottish actor
1972 – Alejandro Amenábar , Chilean-Spanish director and screenwriter
1972 – Andrew Bowen , American actor, producer, and screenwriter
1972 – Luca Gentili , Italian footballer and coach
1972 – Hristos Polihroniou , Greek hammer thrower
1972 – Evan Williams , American businessman, co-founded Twitter and Pyra Labs
1973 – Christopher Hampson , English ballet dancer and choreographer
1974 – Benjamin Eicher , German director, producer, and screenwriter
1974 – Stefan Olsdal , Swedish bass player
1974 – Jani Sievinen , Finnish swimmer
1974 – Tushar Ranganath , Indian filmmaker (d. 2011)
1975 – Emma Atkins , English actress
1975 – Adam Green , American director, producer, and screenwriter
1975 – Nathan Grey , Australian rugby player and coach
1975 – Cameron Murray , Scottish rugby player
1975 – Ryan Rupe , American baseball player
1976 – Howard Frier , American basketball player
1976 – Igors Sļesarčuks , Latvian-Russian footballer
1976 – Graeme Smith , Scottish swimmer
1977 – Toshiya , Japanese bass player, songwriter, and producer
1977 – Rich Clementi , American mixed martial artist
1977 – Garth Tander , Australian race car driver
1978 – Michael Clark , Australian cricketer and footballer
1978 – Stephen Clemence , English footballer and coach
1978 – Jarrod Cooper , American football player
1978 – Jérôme Rothen , French footballer
1979 – Omri Afek , Israeli footballer
1979 – Euan Burton , Scottish martial artist and coach
1979 – Alexis Ferrero , Argentinian footballer
1979 – Josh Kinney , American baseball player
1979 – Charlie Manning , American baseball player
1979 – Rhys Wesser , Australian rugby league player
1979 – Tanya Tate , English glamour model and pornographic actress
1979 – Danny Invincibile , Australian footballer
1979 – Jonna Mendes , American skier
1979 – František Ševinský , Czech footballer
1980 – Martin Albrechtsen , Danish footballer
1980 – Karolina Lassbo , Swedish lawyer and blogger
1980 – Matias Concha , Swedish footballer
1980 – Malik Joyeux , French surfer (d. 2005)
1980 – Riccardo Corallo , Italian footballer
1980 – Dean Clark , English footballer
1980 – Kate Micucci , American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actress
1980 – Michael Ryder , Canadian ice hockey player
1980 – Maaya Sakamoto , Japanese singer-songwriter and actress
1980 – Chien-Ming Wang , Taiwanese baseball player
1981 – Ryan Bingham , American singer-songwriter and guitarist
1981 – Thomas Chatelle , Belgian footballer
1981 – Pa Dembo Touray , Gambian footballer
1981 – Maarten van der Weijden , Dutch swimmer
1982 – Tal Ben Haim , Israeli footballer
1982 – Ryland Blackinton , American guitarist
1982 – Bam Childress , American football player
1982 – Audrey Kawasaki , American painter
1982 – Ketlin Priilinn , Estonian author, translator and journalist
1983 – Hashim Amla , South African cricketer
1983 – Thierry Issiémou , Gabonese footballer
1983 – Jeff Mathis , American baseball player
1983 – Vlasios Maras , Greek gymnast
1983 – Paddy McCarthy , Irish footballer
1983 – Silver Leppik , Estonian basketball player
1983 – Ashleigh Ball , Canadian voice actress and musician
1983 – Sophie Hunger , Swiss singer
1983 – 40 , Canadian record producer and actor
1983 – Nigel Plum , Australian rugby player
1984 – Jack Antonoff , American singer-songwriter and guitarist
1984 – Dario Bova , Italian footballer
1984 – David Clarkson , Canadian ice hockey player
1984 – Osama Hawsawi , Saudi Arabian footballer
1984 – Eddie Johnson , American soccer player
1984 – James Jones , American football player
1984 – Martins Dukurs , Latvian sled racer
1984 – Kaie Kand , Estonian heptathlete
1984 – Alberto Junior Rodríguez , Peruvian footballer
1984 – Ed Williamson , English rugby player
1985 – Steve Bernier , Canadian ice hockey player
1985 – Jo-Lonn Dunbar , American football player
1985 – Jesper Hansen , Danish footballer
1985 – Ivan Mishyn , Ukrainian race car driver
1985 – Kory Sheets , American football player
1985 – Jalmar Sjöberg , Swedish wrestler
1985 – Jessica Szohr , American actress
1986 – Matthew Collins , Welsh footballer
1986 – Andreas Dober , Austrian footballer
1986 – Romeo Filipović , German-Croatian footballer
1986 – James King , Scottish rugby player
1986 – Paulo Machado , Portuguese footballer
1987 – Nordin Amrabat , Dutch footballer
1987 – Hugo Ayala , Mexican footballer
1987 – Vojislava Lukić , Serbian tennis player
1987 – Wang Yue , Chinese chess player
1987 – Bozhidar Mitrev , Bulgarian footballer
1987 – Amaury Bischoff , Portuguese footballer
1987 – Justin Braun , American soccer player
1987 – Carl Dickinson , English footballer
1987 – Allison Falk , American soccer player
1987 – Humpy Koneru , Indian chess player
1987 – Eros Pisano , Italian footballer
1987 – Aridane Santana , Spanish footballer
1987 – Kirill Starkov , Danish ice hockey player
1987 – Winston Venable , American football player
1987 – Nelli Zhiganshina , Russian figure skater
1988 – Thomas De Corte , Belgian footballer
1988 – Dorin Dickerson , American football player
1988 – Hogan Ephraim , English footballer
1988 – DeAndre Liggins , American basketball player
1988 – Louis van der Westhuizen , Namibian cricketer
1989 – Alberto Martín Romo García Adámez , Spanish footballer
1989 – Alfredo Marte , Dominican baseball player
1989 – Josmil Pinto , Venezuelan baseball player
1989 – Nejc Vidmar , Slovenian footballer
1989 – Liu Zige , Chinese swimmer
1990 – Kylie Bisutti , American model and author
1990 – Balázs Megyeri , Hungarian footballer
1990 – George Iloka , American football player
1990 – Sandra Roma , Swedish tennis player
1990 – Bang Yong-guk , South Korean rapper and dancer
1991 – Nichaon Jindapon , Thai badminton player
1991 – Renato Kelić , Croatian footballer
1991 – Milan Milanović , Serbian footballer
1991 – Lukas Rotpuller , Austrian footballer
1991 – Jan Šebek , Czech footballer
1991 – Rodney Sneijder , Dutch footballer
1992 – Stijn de Looijer , Dutch footballer
1992 – Henri Laaksonen , Swiss-Finnish tennis player
1992 – Beatričė Rožinskaitė , Lithuanian figure skater
1992 – Adam Zampa , Australian cricketer
1993 – Jonatan Isenia , Dutch baseball player
1993 – Mikael Ishak , Swedish footballer
1997 – Emil Iliev , Bulgarian footballer
1998 – Valeria Gorlats , Estonian tennis player
1998 – Jakob Chychrun , American-born Canadian ice hockey player
1998 – Anna Seidel , German short track speed skater
Deaths
1340 – Ivan I of Moscow (b. 1288)
1547 – Francis I of France (b. 1494)
1567 – Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse (b. 1504)
1621 – Philip III of Spain (b. 1578)
1631 – John Donne , English lawyer and poet (b. 1572)
1703 – Johann Christoph Bach , German organist and composer (b. 1642)
1723 – Edward Hyde, 3rd Earl of Clarendon , English soldier and politician, 14th Colonial Governor of New York (b. 1661)
1741 – Pieter Burman the Elder , Dutch scholar and author (b. 1668)
1797 – Olaudah Equiano , Nigerian merchant, author, and activist (b.1745)
1837 – John Constable , English painter and educator (b. 1776)
1850 – John C. Calhoun , American lawyer and politician, 7th Vice President of the United States (b. 1782)
1855 – Charlotte Brontë , English novelist and poet (b. 1816)
1877 – Antoine Augustin Cournot , French mathematician and philosopher (b. 1801)
1880 – Henryk Wieniawski , Polish violinist and composer (b. 1835)
1885 – Franz Abt , German composer and conductor (b. 1819)
1913 – J. P. Morgan , American banker and financier (b. 1837)
1915 – Wyndham Halswelle , English-Scottish runner and captain (b. 1882)
1917 – Emil von Behring , German physiologist and immunologist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1854)
1924 – George Charles Haité , English painter and illustrator (b. 1855)
1930 – Ludwig Schüler , German politician, Mayor of Marburg (b. 1836)
1931 – Knute Rockne , American football player and coach (b. 1888)
1935 – Georges V. Matchabelli , Georgian-American businessman and diplomat, founded Prince Matchabelli perfume (b. 1885)
1939 – Ioannis Tsangaridis , Greek general (b. 1887)
1944 – Mineichi Koga , Japanese admiral (b. 1885)
1945 – Frank Findlay , New Zealand banker and politician (b. 1884)
1945 – Hans Fischer , German chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1881)
1950 – Robert Natus , Estonian architect (b. 1890)
1952 – Wallace H. White, Jr. , American lawyer and politician (b. 1877)
1956 – Ralph DePalma , Italian-American race car driver and actor (b. 1884)
1968 – Grover Lowdermilk , American baseball player (b. 1885)
1975 – Percy Alliss , English golfer (b. 1897)
1976 – Paul Strand , American photographer and director (b. 1890)
1978 – Charles Herbert Best , American-Canadian physiologist and biochemist, co-discovered Insulin (b. 1899)
1980 – Vladimír Holan , Czech poet and author (b. 1905)
1980 – Jesse Owens , American sprinter and long jumper (b. 1913)
1981 – Enid Bagnold , English author and playwright (b. 1889)
1983 – Christina Stead , Australian author and academic (b. 1902)
1988 – William McMahon , Australian lawyer and politician, 20th Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1908)
1993 – Brandon Lee , American actor and martial artist (b. 1965)
1993 – Mitchell Parish , Lithuanian-American songwriter (b. 1900)
1995 – Selena , American singer-songwriter (b. 1971)
1996 – Dante Giacosa , Italian automobile designer and engineer (b. 1905)
1996 – Jeffrey Lee Pierce , American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1958)
1998 – Bella Abzug , American lawyer, activist, and politician (b. 1920)
1998 – Tim Flock , American race car driver (b. 1924)
1998 – Joel Ryce-Menuhin , American pianist (b. 1933)
1999 – Yuri Knorozov , Russian linguist and ethnographer (b. 1922)
2000 – Giani Chet Singh , Indian scholar (b. 1902)
2001 – David Rocastle , English footballer (b. 1967)
2001 – Clifford Shull , American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1915)
2002 – Barry Took , English comedian, actor, and screenwriter (b. 1928)
2002 – Moturu Udayam , Indian activist and politician (b. 1924)
2003 – Harold Scott MacDonald Coxeter , English-Canadian mathematician and academic (b. 1907)
2003 – Anne Gwynne , American actress (b. 1918)
2003 – Tommy Seebach , Danish singer-songwriter, pianist, and producer (b. 1949)
2004 – Scott Helvenston , American soldier (b. 1965)
2005 – Stanley J. Korsmeyer , American oncologist and academic (b. 1951)
2005 – Justiniano Montano , Filipino lawyer and politician (b. 1905)
2005 – Frank Perdue , American businessman (b. 1920)
2006 – Jackie McLean , American saxophonist and composer (b. 1931)
2007 – Paul Watzlawick , Austrian-American psychologist and philosopher (b. 1921)
2008 – Jules Dassin , American director, producer, screenwriter, and actor (b. 1911)
2008 – Bill Keightley , American equipment manager (b. 1926)
2009 – Raúl Alfonsín , Argentinian lawyer and politician, 46th President of Argentina (b. 1927)
2009 – Jarl Alfredius , Swedish journalist (b. 1943)
2009 – Choor Singh , Indian-Singaporean lawyer and judge (b. 1911)
2010 – Syed Qasim Mahmood , Pakistani journalist, lexicographer, and author (b. 1928)
2011 – Tony Barrell , English-Australian journalist and broadcaster (b. 1940)
2011 – Gil Clancy , American boxer and trainer (b. 1922)
2011 – Alan Fitzgerald , Australian journalist and author (b. 1935)
2011 – Oddvar Hansen , Norwegian footballer and coach (b. 1921)
2011 – Ishbel MacAskill , Scottish singer and actress (b. 1941)
2011 – Mel McDaniel , American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1942)
2011 – Henry Taub , American businessman and philanthropist (b. 1927)
2012 – Judith Adams , New Zealand-Australian nurse and politician (b. 1943)
2012 – Dale R. Corson , American physicist and academic (b. 1914)
2012 – Bernard O. Gruenke , American stained glass artist (b. 1914)
2012 – Jerry Lynch , American baseball player (b. 1930)
2012 – Alberto Sughi , Italian painter (b. 1928)
2012 – Halbert White , American economist and academic (b. 1950)
2013 – Charles Amarin Brand , French archbishop (b. 1920)
2013 – Ernie Bridge , Australian singer and politician (b. 1936)
2013 – Helena Carroll , Scottish-American actress (b. 1928)
2013 – Bob Clarke , American illustrator (b. 1926)
2013 – Ahmad Sayyed Javadi , Iranian lawyer and politician, Iranian Minister of Interior (b. 1917)
2013 – Dmitri Uchaykin , Russian ice hockey player (b. 1980)
2014 – Gonzalo Anes , Spanish economist, historian, and academic (b. 1931)
2014 – Charles Keating , American lawyer, businessman and criminal (b. 1923)
2014 – Bob Larbey , English screenwriter (b. 1934)
2014 – Roger Somville , Belgian painter (b. 1923)
2015 – Betty Churcher , Australian painter, historian, and curator (b. 1931)
2015 – Cocoa Fujiwara , Japanese author and illustrator (b. 1983)
2015 – Carlos Gaviria Díaz , Colombian lawyer and politician (b. 1937)
2015 – Riccardo Ingram , American baseball player and coach (b. 1966)
2015 – Dalibor Vesely , Czech-English historian, author, and academic (b. 1934)
2016 – Ronnie Corbett , Scottish comedian, actor and screenwriter (b. 1930)
2016 – Hans-Dietrich Genscher , German politician (b. 1927)
2016 – Zaha Hadid , Iraqi-born English architect and academic, designed the Bridge Pavilion (b. 1950)
2016 – Imre Kertész , Hungarian author, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1929)
2016 – Denise Robertson , British writer and television broadcaster (b. 1932)
Holidays and observances
External links
Months and days of the year
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December