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![]() Pay tab of the new Google Pay application | |||||
Developer(s) | |||||
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Initial release | September 11, 2015 January 8, 2018 (as Google Pay) | (as Android Pay)||||
Stable release(s) | |||||
| |||||
Operating system | Android Lollipop 5.0 or later iOS 11 or later (US and India only) | ||||
Type | Digital wallet | ||||
License | Proprietary | ||||
Website | pay.google.com |
Google Pay (stylized as G Pay; formerly Pay with Google and Android Pay) is a digital wallet platform and online payment system developed by Google to power in-app and tap-to-pay purchases on mobile devices, enabling users to make payments with Android phones, tablets or watches. Users in the United States and India can also use an iOS device, albeit with limited functionality. In addition to this, the service also supports passes such as coupons, boarding passes, student ID cards, event tickets, movie tickets, public transportation tickets, store cards, and loyalty cards.
As of January 8, 2018, the old Android Pay and Google Wallet have unified into a single pay system called Google Pay.[3] Android Pay was rebranded and renamed as Google Pay. It also took over the branding of Google Chrome's autofill feature.[4] Google Pay adopts the features of both Android Pay and Google Wallet through its in-store, peer-to-peer, and online payments services.[5][3]
The rebranded service provided a new API that allows merchants to add the payment service to websites, apps, Stripe, Braintree, and Google Assistant.[6] The service allows users to use the payment cards they have on file in their Google Account.[7]
Service
Google Pay uses near-field communication (NFC) to transmit card information facilitating funds transfer to the retailer. It replaces the credit or debit card chip and PIN or magnetic stripe transaction at point-of-sale terminals by allowing the user to upload these in the Google Pay wallet. It is similar to contactless payments already used in many countries, with the addition of two-factor authentication. The service lets Android devices wirelessly communicate with point of sale systems using a near field communication (NFC) antenna, host-based card emulation (HCE), and Android's security.
Google Pay takes advantage of physical authentications such as fingerprint ID where available. On devices without fingerprint ID, Google Pay is activated with a passcode. When the user makes a payment to a merchant, Google Pay does not send the credit or debit card number with the payment. Instead, it generates a virtual account number representing the user's account information. This service keeps customer payment information private, sending a one-time security code instead of the card or user details.[8]
Google Pay requires that a screen lock be set on the phone.[9] It has no card limit.[10][11][12]
Users can add payment cards to the service by taking a photo of the card, or by entering the card information manually. To pay at points of sale, users hold their authenticated device to the point of sale system. The service has smart-authentication, allowing the system to detect when the device is considered secure (for instance if unlocked in the last five minutes) and challenge if necessary for unlock information.[13] Spring CEO Alan Tisch said Google Pay improves mobile shopping business by supporting a "buy button" powered by Google Pay integrated within vendor's creative design.[14]
Technology
Google Pay uses the EMV Payment Tokenisation Specification.[15]
The service keeps customer payment information private from the retailer by replacing the customer's credit or debit card Funding Primary Account Number (FPAN) with a tokenized Device Primary Account Number (DPAN), and creates a "dynamic security code [...] generated for each transaction". The 'dynamic security code' is the cryptogram in an EMV-mode transaction, and the Dynamic Card Verification Value (dCVV) in a magnetic stripe data emulation-mode transaction. Users can also remotely halt the service on a lost phone via Google's Find My Device service.
To pay at points of sale, users hold their authenticated Android device to the point of sale system's NFC reader. Android users authenticate unlocking their phone by using biometrics, a pattern, or a passcode, whereas Wear OS users authenticate by opening the app prior to payment.[16] To pay in supported Android apps, users choose Google Pay as their payment method and authenticate with biometrics, a pattern, or a passcode. Users can add payment cards to the service in any of four ways: through the payment card listed on their Google accounts, by taking a photo of the card, being provisioned from within the card issuer's app, or by entering the card information manually.
Consumer Device Cardholder Verification Method (CDCVM)
In EMV-mode transactions, Google Pay supports the use of the Consumer Device Cardholder Verification Method (CDCVM) using biometrics, pattern, or the phone's or watch's passcode. The use of CDCVM allows for the device itself to provide verification for the transaction and may not require the cardholder to sign a receipt or enter their PIN. Additionally, in certain markets which have a 'no verification contactless limit' using contactless cards (such as the £45 limit in the United Kingdom and the C$100 limit in Canada), the use of CDCVM can enable merchants to accept transactions higher than these amounts using Google Pay, providing their terminal software is updated to support the latest network contactless specifications.[17][18]
History
Originally launched as Android Pay, the service was released at Google I/O 2015. Android Pay was a successor to and built on the base established by Google Wallet which was released in 2011.[19] It also used technology from the carrier-backed Softcard—Google had acquired its intellectual property in February 2015.[8][20] At launch, the service was compatible with 70% of Android devices, and was accepted at over 700,000 merchants.[8] Google Wallet still powered web-based Play Store purchases and some app-based peer-to-peer payments, for instance in Gmail.[8]
As of 2020, it is currently available in 40 countries.[21] Upon its UK launch Android Pay supported MasterCard and Visa credit and debit cards from many of the UK's major financial institutions — including Bank of Scotland, First Direct, Halifax, HSBC, Lloyds Bank, M&S Bank, MBNA and Nationwide Building Society — "with new banks being added all the time" according to Google. Natwest, RBS and Ulster Bank launched on September 14, 2016. On September 8, 2016 it was reported that UK banks TSB and Santander would be participating in the following weeks.[22] Android Pay was launched in Singapore on June 28, 2016,[23] and in Australia on July 14, 2016.[24][25] Android Pay launched in the Republic of Ireland on December 7, 2016 and was initially available to customers of AIB and KBC, having since been extended to Bank of Ireland and Ulster Bank. The service works with both credit and debit cards.[26]
In 2016, Google began a public trial in Silicon Valley of a related mobile app called Hands Free. In this system, the customer does not need to present a phone or card. Instead, a customer announces they wish to "pay with Google" and give their initials to the cashier, who verifies their identity with a photo previously uploaded to the system. The customer's phone will only authorize payment if its geographic location system indicates it is near a participating store.[27][28]
On September 18, 2017, Google launched an UPI-based app Tez in India.[29] On August 28, 2018, Google rebranded Tez to Google Pay.[30]
On January 8, 2018, Google announced that Google Wallet would be merged into Android Pay, with the service as a whole rebranded as Google Pay.[31] This merger extends the platform into web-based payments integrated into other Google and third-party services. The rebranding began to roll out as an update to the Android Pay app on February 20, 2018; the app was given an updated design, and now displays a personalized list of nearby stores which support Google Pay.[32][33][34]
On December 21, 2018, Google Payment, obtained an e-money license in Lithuania - the license will enable Google to process payments, issue e-money, and handle electronic money wallets in the EU.[35][36]
On November 17, 2020, Google Pay was made available in ten new European countries: Austria, Bulgaria, Estonia, Greece, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Portugal, and Romania.[37] Google Pay for these countries works without the app but as a service. The app won't be available for download as stated by Google in Google Pay Help page. [38] On November 18, 2020, Google Pay was redesigned for the United States' version of the app, based upon the previous Indian/Singaporean versions of the app, which themselves were built upon Tez using the Flutter codebase. This new app provides improved peer-to-peer payment functionality, deeper integration with businesses that are able to offer consumers offers and discounts for using the app, and more quality of life features such as searchable receipts.[39]
Ecosystem
Google Pay has a passes feature, which exists in a larger ecosystem. They are presented in the bottom half of the app and can be sorted manually. Developers must first be granted access to the Google Pay API for Passes before they can author such items.[40]
In its simplest form, an interaction (or transaction) between a pass and a system is facilitated by a 1D or 2D code, although it requires the customer to initiate the activity. Passes can also contain nothing but plain text or an image.
More advanced passes would be ones that incorporate NFC technology to convey. Walgreens enabled this first with their Balance Rewards loyalty program in 2015; customers can add their card to Google Pay and be able to tap their phone to the terminal when prompted for their rewards card.[41] Since then, more businesses have found uses for these types of passes, like with contactless ticketing at NCAA[42] and MLB sports arenas[43] and Dave & Buster's Power Cards.[44]
In addition to retailer-specific passes, Google Pay also supports contactless student IDs through the Transact eAccounts application, as well as transit tickets and passes such as the Las Vegas Monorail and Portland Tri-Met's Hop Fastpass.[45][46][47]
Passes that can be transmitted through NFC are only available through the Android platform, but passes that are available through 1D/2D codes are available online and through the iOS app as well. However, the Wear OS version of Google Pay doesn't feature passes at all, instead only offering payment features.
Availability
Supported countries
![](https://web.archive.org/web/20210122165148im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Google_Pay_Availability.svg/614px-Google_Pay_Availability.svg.png)
Release date | Support for payment cards issued in | Flutter version | Wear OS support[49] | iOS support[50] |
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Those on light yellow background: originally released as Android Pay.
Supported networks
- Visa / Visa Debit / Visa electron
- Mastercard / Debit Mastercard
- American Express
- Discover
- Diners Club
- JCB
- Maestro
- PayPal in the US, Germany
- EFTPOS in Australia
- Interac in Canada
- Nanaco stored-value card in Japan[a]
- Edy stored-value card in Japan[a]
- Suica stored-value card in Japan[a]
- Waon stored-value card in Japan[a]
- iD in Japan[a]
- QUICPay in Japan[a]
- Unified Payments Interface / Rupay in India[90]
Supported loyalty programs
These programs are conveyed through NFC through Google Pay's Smart Tap feature. Some of these can be added through the app, while others must be added through the respective retailer's app or website.
Country | Retailer | One Tap/Two Tap |
---|---|---|
Australia | Woolworths' Everyday Rewards[91] | Two Tap |
Japan | d Point[92] | Two Tap |
Rakuten Point Card[93] | Two Tap | |
United Kingdom | Nando's Nando Card[94] | Two Tap |
United States | Coca-Cola's Vending Pass[95] | One Tap |
Dave & Buster's Power Card[96] | One Tap | |
Jimmy John's Freaky Fast Rewards[97] | One Tap | |
Redbox's Redbox Perks[98] | Two Tap | |
Walgreens' myWalgreens[99] | Two Tap | |
Yogurtland's Real Rewards[100] | One Tap |
Usage within public transport systems
Country | Area | Identified as a transit transaction | Fare Payment Method(s) |
---|---|---|---|
Australia | Sydney | ![]() |
Debit and credit cards |
Victoria | ![]() |
Myki | |
Brazil | Rio de Janeiro (only MetrôRio) | Visa debit and credit cards | |
São Paulo (only SPTrans) | Elo, Mastercard and Visa debit and credit cards | ||
Canada | Vancouver | ![]() |
Debit and credit cards |
Japan | Countrywide | ![]() |
All forms of transit that support Suica[a] |
Russia | Moscow | Debit and credit cards | |
Novosibirsk | Debit and credit cards | ||
Saint Petersburg | Debit and credit cards | ||
Singapore | Countrywide | Mastercard and Visa debit and credit cards | |
Ukraine | Kyiv | Mastercard debit and credit cards | |
United Kingdom | London | ![]() |
Debit and credit cards |
Manchester | Debit and credit cards | ||
Tyne and Wear | ![]() |
Pop | |
West Midlands | ![]() |
Swift | |
United States | Chicago | Debit and credit cards | |
Las Vegas | ![]() |
Contactless ticket | |
Miami | ![]() |
Debit and credit cards | |
New York City | ![]() |
Debit and credit cards | |
Portland | ![]() |
Hop FastPass, debit and credit cards |
Supported campus identifications
Available through the Transact eAccounts app on the Google Play store.
Country | School |
---|---|
United States | Santa Clara University's ACCESS Card |
The University of Alabama's ActionCard[101] | |
Arkansas State University's Access A-State ID[102] | |
Mercer University's Bear Card[103] | |
Marshall University's Campus ID[104] | |
Duke University's DukeCard[105] | |
Biola University's Eagle ID[106] | |
Georgetown University's GoCard | |
Chowan University's HawksCard[107] | |
Hamilton College's Hill Card[108] | |
St. Edward's University's Hilltopper Card | |
Johns Hopkins University's J-Card[109] | |
College of Coastal Georgia's Mariner Access Card | |
South Dakota State University's MyJacks Card[110] | |
Yavapai College's OneCard[111] | |
Temple University's OWLcard[112] | |
Maryville University's Saints ID[113] | |
The University of Oklahoma's Sooner Card[114] | |
Hawaii Pacific University's UniCard[115] | |
Canada | University of New Brunswick's UCard |
See also
References
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- ^ "Dave and Busters FUN App - Apps on Google Play". play.google.com. Retrieved July 20, 2020.
- ^ "Jimmy John's Sandwiches - Apps on Google Play". play.google.com. Retrieved July 20, 2020.
- ^ "Redbox Introduces: Mobile Perks Pass - YouTube". www.youtube.com. Retrieved December 20, 2020.
- ^ "Google Pay and Balance Rewards". Walgreens. Retrieved July 20, 2020.
- ^ "Yogurtland - Apps on Google Play". play.google.com. Retrieved July 20, 2020.
- ^ "Action Card in Google Pay – The University of Alabama".
- ^ "Mobile Credential". Arkansas State University.
- ^ Mercer University https://auxiliary.mercer.edu/bear-card/. Missing or empty
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(help) - ^ Marshall Mobile ID https://auxiliary.mercer.edu/bear-card/. Missing or empty
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(help) - ^ "Adding your DukeCard to Google Pay on Your Android Device". Duke University OIT. May 11, 2020.
- ^ "Digital Eagle ID". Biola University. Retrieved August 13, 2020.
- ^ "Chowan University on-boarding digital HawksCard with Google and Apple Pay". Chowan.edu.
- ^ "Offices & Services - Hill Card". Hamilton College.
- ^ "Mobile Credential - J-Card - Homewood Student Affairs". J-Card.
- ^ "MyJacks Card Mobile Credential". South Dakota State University.
- ^ "OneCard (ID Card) - Yavapai College". www.yc.edu. Retrieved August 15, 2020.
- ^ "OWLcard Mobile for Android". Temple University.
- ^ "Setting Up For Android Users". Maryville University.
- ^ "Mobile Sooner Card". The University of Oklahoma.
- ^ "UniCard Mobile ID". www.hpu.edu. Retrieved October 24, 2020.