Signal transducer CD24 also known as cluster of differentiation 24 or heat stable antigen CD24 (HSA) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CD24gene.[3] CD24 is a cell adhesion molecule.
CD24 is a sialoglycoprotein expressed at the surface of most B lymphocytes and differentiating neuroblasts. It is also expressed on neutrophils[4] and neutrophil precursors from the myelocyte stage onwards. The encoded protein is anchored via a glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (GPI) link to the cell surface. The protein also contributes to a wide range of downstream signaling networks and is crucial for neural development.[5] Cross-linking of CD24 on the surface of neutrophils induces apoptosis,[6] and this appears to be defective in sepsis.[6] CD24 gene is found on chromosome 6 (6q21) An alignment of this gene's sequence finds genomic locations with similarity on chromosomes 1p36, 3p26, 15q21.3, 20q11.2 and Yq11.222. Whether transcription, and corresponding translation, occurs at each of these other genomic locations needs to be experimentally determined.[citation needed]
^"Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^Hough MR, Rosten PM, Sexton TL, Kay R, Humphries RK (July 1994). "Mapping of CD24 and homologous sequences to multiple chromosomal loci". Genomics. 22 (1): 154–61. doi:10.1006/geno.1994.1356. PMID7959762.
^Elghetany MT, Patel J (December 2002). "Assessment of CD24 expression on bone marrow neutrophilic granulocytes: CD24 is a marker for the myelocytic stage of development". American Journal of Hematology. 71 (4): 348–9. doi:10.1002/ajh.10176. PMID12447971. S2CID39674808.
^Gilliam DT, Menon V, Bretz NP, Pruszak J (March 2017). "The CD24 surface antigen in neural development and disease". Neurobiology of Disease. 99: 133–144. doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2016.12.011. PMID27993646. S2CID3492300.
^ abParlato M, Souza-Fonseca-Guimaraes F, Philippart F, Misset B, Adib-Conquy M, Cavaillon JM (March 2014). "CD24-triggered caspase-dependent apoptosis via mitochondrial membrane depolarization and reactive oxygen species production of human neutrophils is impaired in sepsis". Journal of Immunology. 192 (5): 2449–59. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1301055. PMID24501201. S2CID45838206.
Further reading
Li D, Zheng L, Jin L, Zhou Y, Li H, Fu J, Shi M, Du P, Wang L, Wu H, Chen GY, Zheng P, Liu Y, Wang FS, Wang S (September 2009). "CD24 polymorphisms affect risk and progression of chronic hepatitis B virus infection". Hepatology. 50 (3): 735–42. doi:10.1002/hep.23047. PMID19610054. S2CID34010521.
Piotrowski P, Lianeri M, Wudarski M, Łacki JK, Jagodziński PP (June 2010). "CD24 Ala57Val gene polymorphism and the risk of systemic lupus erythematosus". Tissue Antigens. 75 (6): 696–700. doi:10.1111/j.1399-0039.2010.01447.x. PMID20230526.
Nagy B, Szendroi A, Romics I (June 2009). "Overexpression of CD24, c-myc and phospholipase 2A in prostate cancer tissue samples obtained by needle biopsy". Pathology & Oncology Research. 15 (2): 279–83. doi:10.1007/s12253-008-9077-1. PMID18752058. S2CID22572165.
Kim KH, Choi JS, Kim JM, Choi YL, Shin YK, Lee HC, Seong IO, Kim BK, Chae SW, Kim SH (March 2009). "Enhanced CD24 expression in endometrial carcinoma and its expression pattern in normal and hyperplastic endometrium". Histology and Histopathology. 24 (3): 309–16. doi:10.14670/HH-24.309. PMID19130400.
Bauerschmitz GJ, Ranki T, Kangasniemi L, Ribacka C, Eriksson M, Porten M, Herrmann I, Ristimäki A, Virkkunen P, Tarkkanen M, Hakkarainen T, Kanerva A, Rein D, Pesonen S, Hemminki A (July 2008). "Tissue-specific promoters active in CD44+CD24-/low breast cancer cells". Cancer Research. 68 (14): 5533–9. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-5288. PMID18632604.
Carl JW, Liu JQ, Joshi PS, El-Omrani HY, Yin L, Zheng X, Whitacre CC, Liu Y, Bai XF (July 2008). "Autoreactive T cells escape clonal deletion in the thymus by a CD24-dependent pathway". Journal of Immunology. 181 (1): 320–8. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.181.1.320. PMID18566397. S2CID10530971.
Baumhoer D, Riener MO, Zlobec I, Tornillo L, Vogetseder A, Kristiansen G, Dietmaier W, Hartmann A, Wuensch PH, Sessa F, Ruemmele P, Terracciano LM (February 2009). "Expression of CD24, P-cadherin and S100A4 in tumors of the ampulla of Vater". Modern Pathology. 22 (2): 306–13. doi:10.1038/modpathol.2008.192. PMID19043399. S2CID36610531.
Wang W, Wang X, Peng L, Deng Q, Liang Y, Qing H, Jiang B (January 2010). "CD24-dependent MAPK pathway activation is required for colorectal cancer cell proliferation". Cancer Science. 101 (1): 112–9. doi:10.1111/j.1349-7006.2009.01370.x. PMID19860845. S2CID205235492.
Sano A, Kato H, Sakurai S, Sakai M, Tanaka N, Inose T, Saito K, Sohda M, Nakajima M, Nakajima T, Kuwano H (February 2009). "CD24 expression is a novel prognostic factor in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma". Annals of Surgical Oncology. 16 (2): 506–14. doi:10.1245/s10434-008-0252-0. PMID19050962. S2CID30259987.
Yang XR, Xu Y, Yu B, Zhou J, Li JC, Qiu SJ, Shi YH, Wang XY, Dai Z, Shi GM, Wu B, Wu LM, Yang GH, Zhang BH, Qin WX, Fan J (September 2009). "CD24 is a novel predictor for poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma after surgery". Clinical Cancer Research. 15 (17): 5518–27. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-09-0151. PMID19706825. S2CID15611706.
Lee JH, Kim SH, Lee ES, Kim YS (November 2009). "CD24 overexpression in cancer development and progression: a meta-analysis". Oncology Reports. 22 (5): 1149–56. doi:10.3892/or_00000548. PMID19787233.
Gekara NO, Weiss S (November 2004). "Lipid rafts clustering and signalling by listeriolysin O". Biochemical Society Transactions. 32 (Pt 5): 712–4. doi:10.1042/BST0320712. PMID15493995.
Athanassiadou P, Grapsa D, Gonidi M, Athanassiadou AM, Tsipis A, Patsouris E (2009). "CD24 expression has a prognostic impact in breast carcinoma". Pathology, Research and Practice. 205 (8): 524–33. doi:10.1016/j.prp.2009.01.008. PMID19243896.
Ronaghi M, Vallian S, Etemadifar M (December 2009). "CD24 gene polymorphism is associated with the disease progression and susceptibility to multiple sclerosis in the Iranian population". Psychiatry Research. 170 (2–3): 271–2. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2009.01.002. PMID19896210. S2CID35984512.