Palembang | |
---|---|
Musi, Palembang Malay | |
باسو ڤليمباڠ Baso Palembang | |
Native to | Indonesia |
Region | South Sumatra |
Ethnicity | Palembang Malay |
Native speakers | 3.1 million (2000 census)[1] |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | mui |
Glottolog | musi1241 |
Palembang, also known as Palembang Malay (Baso Palembang), or Musi,[a] is a Malayic language primarily spoken in about two thirds of South Sumatra Province in Indonesia, especially along the Musi River. It consists of two separate but mutually intelligible dialect chains: Musi and Palembang.[1] The urban Palembang dialect is a koiné that emerged in Palembang, the capital city of South Sumatra. It has become a lingua franca throughout major population centers in the province, and is often used polyglossically with Indonesian and other regional languages and dialects in the area.[3] Since parts of South Sumatra used to be under direct Malay and Javanese rule for quite a long time, the speech varieties of Palembang and its surrounding area are significantly influenced by Malay Language and Javanese, down to their core vocabularies.[4]
Phonology
Dunggio (1983) lists 26 phonemes for the Palembang dialect; specifically, there are 20 consonants and 6 vowels.[5] However, another study by Aliana (1987) states that there are only 25 phonemes in Palembang, reanalyzing /z/ as an allophone of /s/ and /d͡ʒ/ instead.[6]
Vowels
front | central | back | |
---|---|---|---|
close | i | u | |
mid | e | ə | o |
open | a |
In closed syllables, /i/ and /u/ are realized as [ɪ] and [ʊ], respectively.[7]
Consonants
bilabial | alveolar | postalv./ palatal |
velar | glottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||
stop | voiceless | p | t | t͡ʃ | k | ʔ |
voiced | b | d | d͡ʒ | g | ||
fricative | voiceless | f | s | h | ||
voiced | z | sj | ɣ~r | |||
approximant | semivowel | w | j | |||
lateral | v | l | kh |
Orthography
An orthography has been made by the local office of Language Development and Fostering Agency that is closely related to the Indonesian Spelling System.[8]
Example Text
Palembang (Sari-Sari) | Indonesian | Malay | Minangkabau | English |
---|---|---|---|---|
Deklarasi Universal Pasal Hak Asasinyo Wong | Pernyataan Umum tentang Hak-Hak Asasi Manusia | Perisytiharan Hak Asasi Manusia Sejagat | Deklarasi Sadunia Hak-Hak Asasi Manusia | Universal Declaration of Human Rights |
Pasal 1 | Pasal 1 | Perkara 1 | Pasal 1 | Article 1 |
Wong tu dilaherke merdeka galo, jugo samo-samo ado martabat dengen hak galo. Wong-wong beroleh karunia akal dengen nurani, dan mestinyo besuo samo yang laen dengen caro wong bedulur. | Semua orang dilahirkan merdeka dan mempunyai martabat dan hak-hak yang sama. Mereka dikaruniai akal dan hati nurani dan hendaknya bergaul satu sama lain dalam semangat persaudaraan | Semua manusia dilahirkan merdeka dan mempunyai martabat dan hak-hak yang sama. Mereka mempunyai pemikiran dan hati nurani dan hendaklah bergaul antara satu sama lain dengan semangat persaudaraan. | Sadonyo manusia dilahiakan mardeka dan punyo martabat sarato hak-hak nan samo. Mareka dikaruniai aka jo hati nurani, supayo satu samo lain bagaul sarupo urang badunsanak. | All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood. |
Notes
References
- ^ a b c Musi language at Ethnologue (22nd ed., 2019)
- ^ Alsamadani, Mardheya; Taibah, Samar (2019). "Types and Functions of Reduplication in Palembang". Journal of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society. 12 (1): 113.
- ^ McDonnell 2016, p. 13.
- ^ Tadmor, Uri (16–17 June 2001). Language Contact and Historical Reconstruction: The Case of Palembang Malay. 5th International Symposium on Malay/Indonesian Linguistics. Leipzig.
- ^ Dunggio 1983, pp. 7–10.
- ^ Aliana 1987, p. 14.
- ^ Dunggio 1983, pp. 21–22.
- ^ Trisman, Bambang; Amalia, Dora; Susilawati, Dyah (2007). Twilovita, Nursis (ed.). Pedoman Ejaan Bahasa Palembang [Palembang Spelling System Guidelines] (in Indonesian). Palembang: Balai Bahasa Palembang, Provinsi Sumatera Selatan, Pusat Bahasa, Departemen Pendidikan Nasional. OCLC 697282757.
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Bibliography
- Aliana, Zainul Arifin (1987). Morfologi dan sintaksis bahasa Melayu Palembang [The morphology and syntax of Palembang Malay] (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Pursat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.
- Dunggio, P.D. (1983). Struktur bahasa Melayu Palembang [The structure of Palembang Malay] (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.
- McDonnell, Bradley (2016). Symmetrical voice constructions in Besemah: a usage-based approach (PhD Dissertation). Santa Barbara: University of California Santa Barbara.